Nursing Interventions

1. Assess the patient’s general symptoms.

2. Ask the patient about the duration of diabetes.
3. Inquire about the patient’s age at diagnosis.
4. Investigate the patient’s risk factors.
Non-modifiable factors of diabetes:
 Family history increases the risk of diabetes.
 Race raises the likelihood of type 2 diabetes.
 Age
 Autoimmune diseases
 Hormonal
Modifiable risk factors of diabetes:
 Obesity and an unhealthy diet
 Overweight or obese
 Smoking puts the patient at higher risk
 Alcohol consumption that is excessive
 Physical activity lowers insulin resistance
 Chronic conditions like high blood pressure increase
5. Assess for present complications related to diabetes.
6. Ask the patient for records of blood glucose monitoring.
7. Monitor the blood pressure and respiratory rate.
8. Palpate the lower extremity pulses.
9. Assess weight gain.
10. Collect blood for glucose testing
11. Monitor other lab results.
12. Encourage patient adherence.
13. Education on diabetes is critical. Inform the patients about their treatment options.
14. Teach the patient to use a home glucose monitoring device.
15. Maintain ideal glucose levels.
Type 2 DM treatments:
 Dietary and lifestyle modifications
 Blood sugar monitoring
 Oral diabetic medications
 Insulin
16. Assist with wearable insulin pumps.
17. Ask the patient to demonstrate proper insulin administration.
18. Educate on oral diabetes medications.
19. Assist the patient in meal planning.
20. Promote physical activities
21. Promote up-to-date vaccinations
22. Emphasize the need for regular foot care and exams.
23. Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
24. Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
25. Maintain physical and emotional rest
26. Maintain physical and emotional rest
27. Emphasize how diabetes mellitus contributes to cardiac dysfunction.