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English
Quarter 4: Module 4
Week 4

Composing Effective Paragraphs

About the Module

This module consists of the following:

Pre-Test
Lesson 1 – Parts of the Paragraph
Lesson 2 – Placement of the Topic Sentence in a Paragraph
Lesson 3 – Composing Effective Paragraphs
Post-Test

General Directions: In answering the activities of this module, use separate sheets
of paper.

What I Need to Know

After going through the module, you are expected to:
1. determine what makes a paragraph effective;
2. state the significance of composing effective paragraphs; and
3. compose effective paragraphs.
Day 1

Pre-Test

Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of your chosen answer.
1. It is a group of related sentences developing a central idea.
A. paragraph C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
2. The part of a paragraph that sums up the ideas presented.
A. paragraph C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
3. These are information in a paragraph that expand or support the topic
sentence.
A. main idea C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
4. It is usually the first sentence of the paragraph that states the main idea.
A. main idea C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
5. The following are parts of a paragraph, EXCEPT_______________
A. main idea C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details

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For items number 6-12, read the paragraphs below and answer the questions that
follow.
Since it was first observed in 1886, Labor Day, celebrated around the world on
May 1, has been marked as a Day of Protest, of workers’ solidarity, and by clashes
between the laboring class and the authorities.
But this year, for workers everywhere, Labor Day is being marked as an
occasion of uncertainty, of fear, of loss, and of grief. In the Philippines and as with
many other countries in the world including wealthier ones, workers are grieving the
loss of jobs due to the wide lockdowns caused by the pandemic.
-excerpt from Labor Day in a pandemic, Philippine Daily Inquirer
6. What is the paragraph all about?
A. Labor Day as a day of protest.
B. Workers losing their jobs during the pandemic.
C. Labor Day, being celebrated around the world on May 1.
D. Labor Day is being marked as an occasion of uncertainty, of fear, of loss,
and of grief.
7. The following are details taken from the paragraph, EXCEPT_____________
A. Labor Day has been marked as a day of protest.
B. Since 1886, Labor Day is not celebrated around the world.
C. Workers are grieving the loss of jobs due to the wide lockdowns caused by
the pandemic.
D. This year, Labor Day for workers is marked as an occasion of uncertainty,
of fear, of loss and of grief.
Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process. Before any baking takes
place, the size of the cake and the decorative design to be used must be determined.
Then the layers are baked. On a large cake the bottom layers may be as much as
sixteen inches in diameter. Because of their size, these layers must be baked one
at a time, a process which may actually take an entire day. Once the layers are
cooled, same-size pairs are matched and frosted. Since large wedding cakes are
surprisingly heavy, half-inch dowel rods must be measured, cut, and carefully driven
into the bottom layers. These wooden posts provide hidden support for the weighty
upper layers. When all the layers are set in place, flowers, garlands and leaves of
frosting are added. These delicate touches individualize the wedding cake and
transform it from merely a cake into a culinary work of art.
8. What is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
A. Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process.
B. On a large cake, the bottom layers may be as much as sixteen inches in
diameter.
C. Since large wedding cakes are surprisingly heavy, half-inch dowel rods
must be measured, cut, and carefully driven into the bottom layers.
D. Delicate touches like flower, garlands and leaves of frosting individualize
the wedding cake and transform it from merely a cake into a culinary work
of art.

2
9. The following are details take from the paragraph, EXCEPT____________
A. The layers of a large cake must be baked one at a time.
B. Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process.
C. On a large cake, the bottom layers may be as much as sixteen inches in
diameter.
D. Before any baking takes place, the size of the cake and the decorative
design to be used must not be determined.
10. What can you conclude from the paragraph?
A. The layers of a large cake must be baked one at a time.
B. The process of constructing a wedding cake is complicated.
C. Frosting is a delicate touch that individualize a wedding cake.
D. On a large cake, the bottom layers may be as much as sixteen inches in
diameter.
The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument built in 1631 by an Emperor named
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is situated on the banks of river
Yamuna at Agra. It looks beautiful in the moonlight. The Taj Mahal is made up of
white marble. In front of the monument, there is a beautiful garden known as the
Charbagh. Inside the monument, there are two tombs. These tombs are of Shah
Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is considered as one of the Seven
Wonders of the World. Many tourists come to see this beautiful structure from
different parts of the world.
11. What is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
A. The Taj Mahal is made up of white marble.
B. The Taj Mahal is considered as one of the Five Wonders of the World.
C. Many tourists come to see this beautiful structure from different parts of the
world.
D. The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument built in 1631 by an Emperor named
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
12. The following are details taken from the paragraph, EXCEPT____________
A. The Taj Mahal is situated on the banks of river Yamuna at Agra.
B. The Taj Mahal is considered as one of the Ten Wonders of the
World.
C. Many tourists come to see this beautiful structure from different parts of the
world.
D. The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument built in 1631 by an Emperor named
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
For items number 13-15, arrange the sentences to create a paragraph and answer
the questions that follow.
1. All of these are only the small things to start to achieve a healthy body.
2. Then you must also have your daily exercise at least 30 minutes.
3. This includes changing the food you eat; you must choose the healthier options
and avoid too much sugar and fat.
4. First, you must change your lifestyle.
5. A healthy body requires a great deal of things to achieve.

13. The sequence of the sentences is_______.

A. 1-2-3-4-5 B. 5-4-2-3-1 C. 5-4-3-2-1 D. 3-4-2-1-5

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14. Which is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
A. Sentence 1 C. Sentence 4
B. Sentence 3 D. Sentence 5
15. The following are details taken from the paragraph, EXCEPT _____________
A. You must change your favorite habits.
B. You must have your daily exercise of 30 minutes.
C. A lot of things must be done to achieve a healthy body.
D. Healthy food must be chosen and too much sugar and fat must be avoided.

Day 2

Lesson
Parts of the Paragraph
1

What I Need to Know

After going through the process of discovery with the learning tasks, you are
expected to:
1. create a paragraph with complete parts; and
2. state their learning on the different parts of the paragraph.

What’s In
Directions: Look at the following picture and answer the questions that follow.

https://freesvg.org/hamburger-drawing

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Questions:
1.What is a burger made of? ____________________________________________
2. How is it similar to a paragraph? _______________________________________

What’s New
Like a hamburger, having a bun at the top, contents in the center and another bun at
the bottom, a paragraph also has its own parts.
What is a paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one topic. It contains a topic sentence,
supporting details and sometimes a concluding sentence. The sentences follow one
another from the beginning to the end of the paragraph.
To understand further, study the following example.
Prompt: How does technology affect your everyday learning?

Example
Topic sentence: This Technology has enhanced my everyday learning by
topic sentence richly improving each learning opportunity.
addresses the prompt
(invoke) and organizes
my body paragraph.
Technology has increased my motivation to learn. Using
Support 1: This a computer, iPad, or iPhone enables me to have control
supports the topic over my learning. I can learn by doing. Instead of
sentence and provides passively listening to a lecture in which my instructor
specific information. discusses the proper way to format my papers, I can
actually format one for myself.

Technology also allows me immediate access to

Support 2: This multimedia content. Instead of looking at diagrams and
supports the topic pictures of the circulatory system on the pages of a
sentence and provides textbook, I can actually watch a video that shows the
specific information. system in action. Multimedia allow me to see the blood
moving throughout the body and watch how the muscles
work to control the flow.

Finally, technology allows me to network with learning

Support 3: This communities around the globe. No longer am I restricted
supports the topic to the confines of the traditional four-walled classroom. I
sentence and provides can communicate with students in Africa, visit
specific information. classrooms in Europe, or even speak with professors at
acclaimed universities.

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 Concluding
Ultimately, technology has become a critical and
sentence/conclusion:
welcomed addition to my learning.
This sentence gives a
sense of completion.

What Is It
A paragraph is usually part of a longer piece of writing, such as a letter or essay.

Parts of a paragraph
1. The topic sentence
• The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of the paragraph. It states the
main idea of the paragraph. A good topic sentence tells the reader exactly what
the rest of the paragraph will be about.
2. The supporting sentences
• The supporting sentences are the middle sentences of the paragraph. They
provide details such as explanations or examples that expand on or support the
topic sentence. Supporting sentences are sometimes connected by transition
words or phrases.
3. The concluding sentence/conclusion
• A concluding sentence is sometimes used in longer paragraphs to sum up the
ideas presented. It expresses the same idea as the topic sentence but in
different words. It can start with a transition such as clearly or in conclusion.

Example Paragraph:
A book is composed of different parts. (The first sentence is the topic
sentence) The one protecting, concealing, or enclosing the book is the cover. Once
you open the book, you will find the title page, the copyright page, dedication page,
preface, and the table of contents. The one with the contents of the book is the
text/body of the book. At the back, you will find the glossary, index, bibliography, and
appendix. (The supporting details support the topic sentence) Not every book is
the same, but a good book contains these parts. (Lastly, the concluding
sentence/conclusion is found at the end part where it wraps up the entire
paragraph).

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 What I Can Do
Directions: Read the following sentences. On a separate sheet of paper, copy the
graphic organizer and write the sentences in the appropriate parts.
➢ They are a living book where we can read valuable stories and get lessons in
life.
➢ Our young generation today must learn to value the wisdom of our elders.
➢ The wise elders are a fountain of good counsels that can never be compared
to any material wealth in this world.
➢ The wisdom of our elders must then be treasured by our present generation.
➢ Our wise elders are a great source of knowledge, wisdom and information that
will help us, the youths to be better persons.

-English 7 Learner’s Material

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 What I Have Learned
Directions: Recall the significant parts of the paragraph by completing the statement
below.

I have learned that_______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: Copy the text and fill in the blanks to create a meaningful paragraph.
My Family
My family is__________________________________________________.
My family members are_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
We have hobbies like________________________________________________.
I love my family because_____________________________________________.
My family to me will always be_________________________________________.

Day 3

Lesson Placement of the Topic

2 Sentence in a Paragraph

What I Need to Know

After going through the process of discovery with the learning tasks, you are
expected to:
1. supply details to form the parts of a paragraph; and
2. state the significance of learning the placement of the topic sentence in a
paragraph.

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 What’s In
Directions: These diagrams show the placement of the topic sentence in a
paragraph, study each one and answer the question that follows.

A B

C D
Question: What are the differences among the four diagrams presented above?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

What’s New
Placement of the Topic Sentence in a Paragraph (Example Paragraphs)
1. Topic Sentence at the Beginning and the End of the Paragraph
The following sample paragraph is one that has a topic sentence at the beginning
and at the end of the paragraph:
Throwing a clay pot, the age old art of making pottery on a wheel,
is a process that requires many steps. Assuming the potter does not have to
make his own clay, the first step toward the finished product is wedging the clay.

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 Here, the potter kneads the clay to prepare it for throwing. Wedging cannot be
rushed. A minimum of fifty turns is required to rid the clay of air pockets and align its
molecules. Once wedged and formed into a ball, the clay is thrown onto the center
of a potter's wheel. Now the material must be centered. Centering not only takes
strength but time as well. The clay must be coerced into a perfectly symmetrical
shape, dead center on the spinning wheel. To proceed with poorly centered clay is
to court certain disaster in the form of tilting, uneven pots, or worse, the total collapse
of the piece. When correctly centered, the clay is ready to be opened. To do this,
the potter finds the center of the clay and slowly sinks a rigid finger into the still-
spinning clay. Only now can the clay be shaped. With a steady but gentle hand, the
potter pulls up the sides of the pot until the desired height is reached. Now the
shaping is completed, and the pot is ready to be dried, fired, and glazed. Thus, even
though a clay pot may appear simple to make, fashioning one by hand is a
long and sometimes tedious process.
* Wedging- to knead * knead- to form
* molecules- small particles * coerced- to put pressure
* symmetrical- proportioned

The concluding sentence of this paragraph reminds the reader of the controlling idea
of the paragraph, namely that throwing a pot requires many steps. Note that the first
and last sentences, while similar, are not identically (or similarly) phrased.
2. Topic Sentence at the Beginning of the Paragraph
The following sample paragraph begins with a topic sentence. The details which follow
it repeat the controlling idea of the paragraph and are arranged in chronological order,
that is, from first to last:
Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process. Before
any baking takes place, the size of the cake and the decorative design to be used
must be determined. Then the layers are baked. On a large cake the bottom layers
may be as much as sixteen inches in diameter. Because of their size, these layers
must be baked one at a time, a process which may actually take an entire day. Once
the layers are cooled, same-size pairs are matched and frosted. Since large
wedding cakes are surprisingly heavy, half-inch dowel rods must be measured, cut,
and carefully driven into the bottom layers. These wooden posts provide hidden
support for the weighty upper layers. When all the layers are set in place, flowers,
garlands and leaves of frosting are added. These delicate touches individualize the
wedding cake and transform it from merely a cake into a culinary work of art.
*dowel rods- cylindrical rod *weighty- heavy
*frosting – icing *culinary – for cooking

In the paragraph above, the topic sentence is Constructing a wedding cake is a

complicated process. The steps involved in constructing this type of cake are told in
time order, beginning with baking and ending with decorating. Note that, although the
paragraph draws to a logical conclusion, the topic sentence is not repeated in the end
position.
3. Topic Sentence at the End of the Paragraph
The following sample paragraph is an example of one in which the topic sentence
and controlling idea appear in the final position (end part).

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 People do it everyday. They log on to their favorite website and browse
for hours, checking out bargains. They dump every possible wish into their shopping
carts, knowing they can cast each one aside before they finalize their purchases.
On the way, they may enter a sweepstakes in the hopes of winning a trip to Cabo
San Lucas, or maybe even a new SUV. And then, when they have decided on their
purchases, they enter private information without giving it a thought. With a
keystroke, they release their personal data into what may or may not be a secure
zone. Despite what much of the public believes, internet shopping is not safe.
In this paragraph, the idea that internet shopping may not be safe could be
considered controversial. For this reason, groundwork is laid before the final topic
sentence is stated.
4. Topic Sentence in the Middle of the Paragraph
The following is a sample paragraph with the topic sentence in the medial position:
When a camera flash is used in a low-light environment, the subject's
eyes may appear red in the finished photograph. What is known as "red-eye" is the
result of light from the flash reflecting off the pupils of the eyes. The phenomenon
of red-eye can be lessened by using the red-eye reduction feature found on
many SLR cameras. This feature activates a lamp which shines a small light
directly into the subject's eyes. When this happens, the diameter of the pupil is
reduced, thus tightening the opening in the iris. Since a smaller pupil means a
smaller host for the reflection, the chances of red-eye occurring are greatly reduced.
In the above paragraph, the topic sentence is The phenomenon of red-eye can be
lessened by using the red-eye reduction feature found on many SLR cameras. It
serves to connect information about the cause of red-eye (found at the beginning of
the paragraph) with information about how the problem can be controlled. (Found
after the topic sentence).

What Is It
Placement of the Topic Sentence in a Paragraph
1. Topic Sentence at the Beginning and the End of the Paragraph
Traditionally the topic sentence is the first sentence of the paragraph. In this
lead position, it introduces the examples or details which will explain the controlling
idea. A topic sentence can be restated to serve as a concluding statement.
Please refer to Diagram A in What’s In for this type of paragraph development.
It takes the form of an hourglass, where the topic sentence and its restated counterpart
form the broad base and top, and the supporting details occupy the intervening (middle
part) space.

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2. Topic Sentence at the Beginning of the Paragraph
In this type of paragraph development, the topic sentence is in the lead position
with no repetition in the concluding sentence in the paragraph.
Please refer to Diagram B in What’s In for this type of paragraph development.
It takes the form of the top half of the above hourglass, or an inverted triangle. Its
nature starts with a strong, general topic statement with subsequent supporting details
narrowing from this broad beginning.
3. Topic Sentence at the End of the Paragraph
This type of paragraph development takes the form of an upright triangle. The
broad base representing the topic sentence.
Paragraphs are written in this form primarily for one of two reasons: (1) to create
suspense or (2) to bring up a controversial topic only after sufficient groundwork has
been laid.
(Please look at What’s In Diagram C)
4. Topic Sentence in the Middle of the Paragraph
Perhaps the least common placement for a topic sentence is in the middle
position of the paragraph. In this position, the topic sentence can provide a transition
between two kinds of details, those appearing before the topic sentence and those
appearing after it.
In this paragraph structure, the controlling idea may be of a cause/effect or
comparison/contrast nature. The topic sentence, then, serves the function of linking
sets of related but different data. A paragraph of this type can be diagrammed as a
diamond with details at both ends and the broad, topic sentence in the middle.
(Please look at What’s In Diagram D)

What I Can Do
Directions: Recall the significant parts of the paragraph by completing the statement
below. Choose your answer from the parenthesis.

(Beginning and end of the paragraph, beginning of the paragraph, end of

the paragraph, middle of the paragraph)

Life is a game. Just like a game, we live our lives here on Earth where we
must follow some rules. When rules are not followed, we suffer some consequences,
but that does not mean that the game is over. We can still get up and make up for
the rules broken. We have billion chances to play again. So, in life, do not give up,
but get up and play again because after all, life is a game.

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1. The topic sentence/s of the paragraph is/are at the ________________________.

Wherever you look, almost in all social media platforms, people tend to post
about themselves. From the food that is eaten, to the clothes that are worn. Seems
like to update others on what you do every day has been the trend. Sometimes,
people tend to do whatever they see what others are doing. Our lives have been
publicly displayed, with filters or without. One thing might be true, we have become
narcissists.

2. The topic sentence/s of the paragraph is /are at the ________________________.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Recall the significant parts of the paragraph. State the significance of
learning the placement of the topic sentence in a paragraph by
completing the statement below.

Learning the placement of the topic sentence in a paragraph is so important

because____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: Copy the table below and complete it by supplying sentences/details
about the topic, “COVID-19”.

COVID-19

PARAGRAPH PARTS DETAILS

Topic Sentence
What is COVID 19?

Supporting Details
What do you know about
COVID-19?
Conclusion
What can you conclude
based on what you know
about COVID-19?

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Day 4

Lesson Composing Effective

3 Paragraphs

What I Need to Know

After going through the process of discovery with the learning tasks, you are
expected to:
1. state the learning gained about composing effective paragraphs; and
2. compose an effective paragraph out of the given sentences.

What’s In
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. What are the 3 different parts of the paragraph? ___________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the 4 different placements of the topic sentence in a paragraph? ______
_________________________________________________________________

What’s New
What makes a paragraph effective?

An effective paragraph:
• presents a single idea
• begins with a topic sentence that makes this single idea evident
• contains support in form of sentences that convey this single idea
• is strategically organized to maintain flow
• maintains your essay’s objective
• informs and entertains your reader about your paper’s overall idea

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 What is It
Steps in Composing an Effective Paragraph
To create an effective paragraph, follow the given steps:
Step 1: Topic Sentence
• Focus your paragraph with a topic sentence.
• If the paragraph is part of an essay, the topic sentence should focus the
paragraph as well as support the thesis.
• This sentence is your main idea, and all other sentences included in this topic
sentence must fit under its umbrella.
Step 2: Supporting Details
• Develop your paragraph with supporting details.
• You can further break down this step into examples and explanation. Also,
notice "details" is plural. Two examples are always better than one.
• For each example that you provide, you will want to explain how it supports
your topic sentence.
Step 3: Concluding or Transitional Sentence
• Depending on the purpose of your paragraph, you will either write a
concluding sentence or a transitional sentence.
• If your paragraph is part of a whole essay, you will write a transitional
sentence that links to the next paragraph.

For the examples, please refer to Lesson 1, page 5.

What I Can Do
Directions: Copy the table below and fill it out with sentences about your daily
activities at home. Follow the steps in composing effective paragraphs.

Your Sentences
Topic sentence: This
topic sentence
addresses the prompt
(invoke) and organizes
my body paragraph.
Support 1: This
supports the topic
sentence and provides
specific information.

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 Support 2: This also
supports the topic
sentence and provides
specific information.
Support 3: This further
supports the topic
sentence and provides
specific information.
Concluding sentence:
This sentence gives a
sense of completion.

Rubrics:
Sentence structure - 5 points
Organization - 5 points
Grammar - 5 points
Mechanics (spelling,
capitalization, punctuations) - 5 points
TOTAL - 20 POINTS

What I Have Learned

Directions: State the learning you gained about composing effective paragraphs by
completing the statement below.
I have learned that in composing effective paragraphs_______________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: Write a coherent paragraph using the topic sentence and supporting
details from the table in What I Can Do.
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Note: For the rubrics, refer to that of What I Can Do.

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Day 5

Post-Test
Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of your chosen answer.
For items number 1-7, read the paragraphs below and answer the questions that
follow.
Since it was first observed in 1886, Labor Day, celebrated around the world on
May 1, has been marked as a Day of Protest, of workers’ solidarity, and by clashes
between the laboring class and the authorities.
But this year, for workers everywhere, Labor Day is being marked as an
occasion of uncertainty, of fear, of loss, and of grief. In the Philippines and as with
many other countries in the world including wealthier ones, workers are grieving the
loss of jobs due to the wide lockdowns caused by the pandemic.
-excerpt from Labor Day in a pandemic, Philippine Daily Inquirer
1. What is the paragraph all about?
A. Labor Day as a day of protest
B. Workers losing their jobs during the pandemic
C. Labor Day, being celebrated around the world on May 1
D. Labor Day is being marked as an occasion of uncertainty, of fear, of loss,
and of grief.
2. All the following are details we can get from the paragraph, EXCEPT__________
A. Labor Day has been marked as a day of protest.
B. Since 1886, Labor Day is not celebrated around the world.
C. Workers are grieving the loss of jobs due to the wide lockdowns caused by
the pandemic.
D. This year, Labor Day for workers is marked as an occasion of uncertainty,
of fear, of loss and of grief.

Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process. Before any baking

takes place, the size of the cake and the decorative design to be used must be
determined. Then the layers are baked. On a large cake the bottom layers may be
as much as sixteen inches in diameter. Because of their size, these layers must be
baked one at a time, a process which may actually take an entire day. Once the
layers are cooled, same-size pairs are matched and frosted. Since large wedding
cakes are surprisingly heavy, half-inch dowel rods must be measured, cut, and
carefully driven into the bottom layers. These wooden posts provide hidden support
for the weighty upper layers. When all the layers are set in place, flowers, garlands
and leaves of frosting are added. These delicate touches individualize the wedding
cake and transform it from merely a cake into a culinary work of art.

17
3. What is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
A. Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process.
B. On a large cake the bottom layers may be as much as sixteen inches in
diameter.
C. Since large wedding cakes are surprisingly heavy, half-inch dowel rods
must be measured, cut, and carefully driven into the bottom layers.
D. Delicate touches like flower, garlands and leaves of frosting individualize
the wedding cake and transform it from merely a cake into a culinary work
of art.
4. All the following are details we can get from the paragraph, EXCEPT______
A. The layers of a large cake must be baked one at a time.
B. Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process.
C. On a large cake, the bottom layers may be as much as sixteen inches in
diameter.
D. Before any baking takes place, the size of the cake and the decorative
design to be used must not be determined.
5. What can you conclude from the paragraph?
A. The layers of a large cake must be baked one at a time.
B. The process of constructing a wedding cake is complicated.
C. Frosting is a delicate touch that individualize a wedding cake.
D. On a large cake, the bottom layers may be as much as sixteen inches in
diameter.

The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument built in 1631 by an Emperor named

Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is situated on the banks of river
Yamuna at Agra. It looks beautiful in the moonlight. The Taj Mahal is made up of
white marble. In front of the monument, there is a beautiful garden known as the
Charbagh. Inside the monument, there are two tombs. These tombs are of Shah
Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is considered as one of the Seven
Wonders of the World. Many tourists come to see this beautiful structure from
different parts of the world.

6. What is the topic sentence of the paragraph?

A. The Taj Mahal is made up of white marble.
B. The Taj Mahal is considered as one of the Ten Wonders of the World.
C. Many tourists come to see this beautiful structure from different parts of the
world.
D. The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument built in 1631 by an Emperor named
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
7. All the following are details we can get from the paragraph, EXCEPT________
A. The Taj Mahal is situated on the banks of river Yamuna at Agra.
B. The Taj Mahal is considered as one of the Ten Wonders of the World.
C. Many tourists come to see this beautiful structure from different parts of the
world.
D. The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument built in 1631 by an Emperor named
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
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8. It is a group of related sentences developing a central idea.
A. paragraph C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
9. The part of a paragraph that sums up the ideas presented.
A. paragraph C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
10. These are information in a paragraph that expand or support the topic
sentence.
A. main idea C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
11. It is usually the first sentence of the paragraph that states the main idea.
A. main idea C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting details
12. All the following are parts of a paragraph, EXCEPT________
A. main idea C. topic sentence
B. concluding sentence D. supporting detail
For items number 13-15, arrange the sentences to create a paragraph and answer
the questions that follow.
1. All of these are only the small things to start to achieve a healthy body.
2. Then you must also have your daily exercise at least 30 minutes.
3. This includes changing the food you eat; you must choose the healthier options
and avoid too much sugar and fat.
4. First, you must change your lifestyle.
5. A healthy body requires a great deal of things to achieve.

13. The sequence of the sentences is_______.

A. 1-2-3-4-5 B. 5-4-2-3-1 C. 5-4-3-2-1 D. 3-4-2-1-5
14. Which is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
A. Sentence 1 C. Sentence 4
B. Sentence 3 D. Sentence 5

15. All the following are details we can get from the paragraph, EXCEPT________
A. You must change your favorite habits.
B. You must have your daily exercise of 30 minutes.
C. A lot of things must be done to achieve a healthy body.
D. Healthy food must be chosen and too much sugar and fat must be avoided.

19
 20
IwAR2ewWlZJ8x9GyFLdShAfGXvTigh_GsjNUt2D1xjTz9P44wf_ewTMNMg2E
https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sea/processes/paragraph/process/placement? fbclid=
“Placement of the Topic Sentence,” accessed May 13, 2020,
academic.skill.LINC5/02.parts.para.pdf
https://www.settlementatwork.org/lincdocs/linc57/academic.skills/pdfs/pdf.
“Parts of a Paragraph.” accessed May 13, 2020,
writers /documents/paragraphs.pdf/
“Paragraphs,” accessed May 13, 2020, https://www.monmouth.edu/resources-for
https://opinion.inquirer.net/139814/labor-day-in-a-pandemic
“Labor Day in a pandemic.” Inquirer.net. May 11, 2020.
Online Sources
English 7 Learner’s Material
Grade 8 English Competencies
References
Lesson 1 Lesson 3
What’s In What’s In
(Answers may vary.) 1. The topic sentence, the supporting
What I Can Do sentences, and the concluding sentence.
Topic Sentence: Our young generation today 2. (Beginning and end of the paragraph,
must learn to value the wisdom of our elders. beginning of the paragraph, end of the
paragraph, middle of the paragraph)
Detail 1,2,3:
• They are a living book where we can read valuable
What I Can Do
stories and get lessons in life. (Answers may vary.)
• The wise elders are a fountain of good counsels that What I Have Learned
can never be compared to any material wealth in this (Answers may vary.)
world. What’s More
• Our wise elders are a great source of knowledge, (Answers may vary.)
wisdom and information that will help us, the youths to
be better persons.
Conclusion: The wisdom of our elders must then be treasured by
our present generation.
What I Have Learned
(Answers may vary)
What’s More
(Answers may vary.)
Lesson 2
What’s In
(Answers may vary)
What I Can Do
1. beginning and end of the paragraph
2. end of the paragraph
What I Have Learned
(Answers may vary.)
What’s More
(Answers may vary.)
Answer Key
“Taj Mahal Paragraph.” accessed May 14, 2020,
https://www.preservearticles.com/paragraphs/12-short paragraphs- in-english-
language-for-school-kids-free-to-read/8534
“Writing Effective Paragraphs.” accessed May 14, 2020,
https://www.riosalado.edu/web/oer/WRKDEV10020012_INTER_000_v1
/lessons/Mod02

Image
Hamburger Image. Digital Image. Accessed November 24, 2021.
https://freesvg.org/hamburger-drawing

Acknowledgements:

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Contextualizer: Arlene O. Borbon, T1, Guba National High School

Editor: Jedil C. Ilanan, T1, Ramon Duterte Memorial National High School

Evaluator: Elena B. Tuhoy, MT2, Talamban National High School

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