CEE 3111 - CIVIL ENGINEERING

MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION
PRACTICES
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TOPIC 2

Metals as construction
materials
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Steel
Background
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Steel
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 5 Steel
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6 Steel
Production of Steel

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7 Steel
Production of Steel

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 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLD ROLLED & HOT ROLLED STEEL
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Steel
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Classification of steel products
Structural Steel
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Uses
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Classification of steel products
Grades of Structural Steel

• Wide variety of systems for

identifying or designating steel

• Examples include:

1. Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE

2. the American Iron and Steel Institute, AISI,

3. the American Society for Testing and

Materials, ASTM

4. The most widely used designation system

was developed cooperatively by SAE and
AISI based on chemical composition
12 Classification of steel products - ASTM
13 Classification of steel products - Shapes
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Classification of steel products
Cold-formed steel
• produced by cold-forming of sheet steel into desired
shapes
• standards include:
✓ the American Iron and Steel Institute’s Specification
for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Framing
Members (NASPEC) and
✓ ASTM.

Uses
✓ structural framing of floors, walls and roofs
as well as interior partitions and exterior
curtain wall applications.
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Classification of steel products
Reinforcing Steel
• Structural concrete members subjected to tensile and
flexural stresses

• Since concrete has negligible tensile strength, must be

reinforced ,
• Two types of reinforcing:

✓ conventional reinforcing - stresses fluctuate with

loads on the structure.

✓ prestressed reinforcing - allows engineers apply

predefined stresses to members to counterbalance
loading strains. Needs strong and low relaxation
steel cables, strands, or bars.
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Classification of steel products
Reinforcing Steel - Types of conventional reinforcing steel
1. Plain bars - round, 2. Deformed bars - have 3. Plain & deformed wire
without surface protrusions (deformations) fabrics - Wire mesh
deformations. at the surface to ensure a
good bond between the
✓ provide limited bond bar and the concrete.
with concrete, and
✓ deformations prevent
✓ not used in sections slipping, allowing the
subjected to tension concrete and steel to
or bending. work as one unit
17 Tension Test of Steel
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Tension Test of Steel
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19 Tension Test of Steel
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Aluminum
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Stress
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Aluminum
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Aluminum
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Aluminum Vs Steel - Properties

Aluminum Steel
1. Stronger but cannot be pushed to the
1. More Malleable
same dimentional limits
2. Must be treated or painted to protect it in
2. Naturally corossion resistant rugged conditions
3. Reduces the overall weight of a 3. Very strong and less likely to warp under,
piece of equipment deform, or bend under weight
4. More Expensive 4. Less Expensive
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Aluminum vs Steel - Properties
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QUIZ 2:
26 Lab: Tension Test of Steel and Aluminum

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Thank You!!!