YDE MOCK MARCH 2024

0780 PHYSICS MARKING GUIDE FOR PAPERS 1, 2 AND 3

PAPER 1

1) D 11) B 21) D 31) A 41) D

2) C 12) A 22) B 32) B 42) C
3) B 13) A 23) B 33) B 43) B
4) B 14) B 24) D 34) A 44) D
5) C 15) B 25) B 35) B 45) D
6) B 16) B 26) D 36) D 46) A
7) C 17) A 27) C 37) D 47) D
8) D 18) D 28) A 38) B 48) A
9) C 19) C 29) A 39) B 49) A
10) A 20) A 30) C 40) B 50) C

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 PAPER 2
1.
(a) All terms can have same units but numbers make equation incorrect. [1]
E.g. if were omitted in the equation , the equation will still be homogeneous but incorrect.
(b) Base units of Base units of ( ) ( ) [1]

Base units of ( ) ( ) [1]

Base units of ( ) [1]
Base units of ( ) ( )( )( )( )( ) [1]
The base units of each term on both sides of the equation are the same. Hence, the equation is dimensionally
homogeneous. [1]

2. The bars have equal areas since they have equal diameters ( ).

(a) Let brass = b and steel = s. The thermal conductivity of the compound bar, is given by:
( )( )
[1]
( )

The rate of energy transferred along the bar is given by:

( )
( )( )( ) [1]
(b) Assuming steady state conditions, the rate of heat flow through brass is the same as the rate of heat flow through
copper:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) [1]

( ) ( ) [1]

3.
(a) Let the force exerted by the string YZ, the push of the hinge at X on th rod, weight of the rod and mass.
[3]

(b) Let weight rod and weight of mass. Suppose makes an angle with the rod.

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 Resolving and : [1]
Horizontally Vertically

Considering equilibrium:
Horizontally: (i) [1]
Vertically: (ii) [1]
Taking moments about the hinge:
Sum of clockwise moment about hinge = sum of anticlockwise moment about hinge
( ) ( ) ( ) [1]
( ) ( ) [1]
(c) Equations (i) and (ii) imply ( ) [1]
( ) [1]

4.

Part A:
The focal length of the converging lens is , object distance . Let image distance produced by the
convex lens be . From the thin lens equation we have:
( )( )
( )
[2]
Thus, the image formed by the convex lens is located at which is at a distance of 30 cm from the convex lens and at a
distance of (30 cm – 24 cm) = 6 cm from the concave lens.
The image formed by the convex lens is the object for the concave lens.

Part B:
The focal length of the concave lens , object distance . From the thin lens equation, we have:
( )( )
( )
[2]

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5.
(a) Differences between interference and diffraction of light:
Interference of light
It is due to the superposition of light waves from two
coherent sources.
Fringes are equally spaced.
All maxima (bright fringes) have the same intensity.
There is good contrast between maxima and minima
Comparing with diffraction, it has large number of
fringes.
[3]
Diffraction of light
It is due to the superposition of secondary wavelets
coming from different points of the same wave front.
Fringes are unequally spaced.
The intensity of maxima (bright fringes) keep decreasing
There is poor contrast between maxima and minima
It has less number of fringes.

(b) For a diffraction grating:

( )

When ( ) [1]
When ( ) [1]
Angular separation ( ) [1]

6.
(a)
(i) Laws of electromagnetic induction:
- Faraday’s law: The magnitude of the Emf induced in a conductor is directly proportional to the change of
magnetic flux linkage per unit time or time rate of flux cutting. [1]
- Lenz’s law: The induced Emf always acts in a direction such as to oppose the change which produces it.
OR the induced current flows in a direction which opposes the change producing it. [1]
(ii)
- Labelled diagram showing crossed uniform electric and magnetic fields. [2]
- Method of emission of electrons. [1]
- Method of producing uniform magnetic field. [1]
- Condition for no deflection of electron beam. [1]
- Equation relating to conservation of energy (electric potential energy lost by accelerator = kinetic
energy gained by electrons. [1]
- Equation for calculating specific charge. [1]
- Precaution. [1]
(b)
(i) Energy of the photon is less than the work function (which is the minimum energy required to remove an
electron from the metal surface). [1]
(ii) Read off frequency = [1]
[1]
[1]
(iii) Planck constant [1]
(iv) [2]

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 (c) The forces acting on the oil drop should balance for the drop to be suspended. The two forces acting on the drop are the
weight and the electric force. Thus,
[2]
( ) )( )( )
( )
[1]

(d)
(i) Differences between crystalline solid and amorphous solid: [2]
Property Crystalline solid Amorphous solid
Arrangement of atoms particles Evenly distributed arrangement of No consistent arrangement of
particles. particles.
Geometrical shape Well-defined shape No well-defined shape
Range order Long range order Short range order
Melting point Fixed Not fixed
Energy Low High

(ii)
- Labelled diagram showing wire and weights used to stretch wire. [2]
- Method of viewing extension, e.g. travelling microscope and marker. [1]
- Series of weights and extensions noted. [1]
- Diameter of wire measured. [1]
- Initial length of wire measured to ‘marker’. [1]
- Graph of force (y-axis) against extension (x-axis) drawn OR graph of stress against strain drawn.
Young modulus OR gradient of
stress – strain graph [1]
- Precaution. [1]
(e)
(i) Distance travelled is given by the area under the graph. [1]
Evidence of use of area below the line. [1]
Distance = 39 m (allow m) [1]
(ii) [1]
At time , speed and at time , speed
( ) [1]
(iii) [1]
(iv) [1]
(f) When stationary, the sound from the train has a frequency of 400 Hz. This is the frequency of the source,
[1]
For a receding source (going away), the observed or apparent frequency, is given by:
( ) ( )
[1]
Difference in frequency = 400 – 349 = 51 Hz [1]

7.
(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) [2]

Thus, a graph of ( ) as ordinate is against as abscissa is plotted. It is found to be a straight line graph with slope
and the intercept on the vertical axis [3]

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 Table: [3]

( )
2.4876 1575 0.0073
2.4096 1545 0.0072
2.2701 1490 0.0069
2.1497 1445 0.0067
2.0132 1385 0.0065
1.8643 1320 0.0063
1.7463 1270 0.0061
Graph: axes with units (2), scale (1), plotting (2), line (1), large triangle for gradient (1). [7]

( )
(b) Slope of graph is [3]
The intercept of the vertical axis is [1]
Therefore, and [2]

8.

(a)
(i) Differences between fossil fuels and biomass [4]
Fossil fuel Biomass
End products of the decomposition of plants and End products of the decomposition of current or living
animals that took place over millions of years plants and animals’ remains/wastes.
It is non-renewable It is renewable
It contains more energy per unit mass It contains less energy per unit mass
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 E.g. coal, crude oil (or petroleum) and natural gas E.g. leaves, charcoal, wood, sawdust, garbage,
manure, animal dung, sewage sludge, earthworms,
microbes, algae, etc.
(ii) The Sun's light is the original source of this energy source. It is formed into original material by
photosynthesis, sunlight combining carbon dioxide and water into plant matter. [3]
(b) [3]

(c)
(i) Efficiency, [2]

(ii) ( )
[3]

9.

(a)
(i) Receiving antenna [1]
(ii) Loudspeaker and microphone [2]
(iii) Q: The tuning circuit selects the desired signal which is then amplified by the R.F amplifier and fed into the
demodulator or detector. [2]
R: The demodulator or detector extracts the audio signal which is then amplified by the A.F amplifier and send
to the speaker for sound reproduction. [1]
(b)
(i) [3]

(ii) Electronic devices emit radio waves and electromagnetic interference that can disrupt aircraft’s communication
system. This creates difficulties for the pilot to connect with any ground support staff or air traffic control. [2]
(iii) The characteristics of the 4 G network include: [1]
- Faster data speeds compared to 3G.
- Improved network capacity.
- Enhanced security features.
- Better support for multimedia applications.
- Lower latency for quicker response times.
- Increased network reliability.
- Facilitates advanced features like video calling and mobile gaming.
- Higher bandwidth compared to earlier ones.
(c)
(i) MIN: Mobile Identification Number [1]
(ii) SIM: Subscriber Identity Module [1]
(iii) MTSO: Mobile Telephone Switching Office [1]

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10.
(a)
(i) Distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. [2]
Intrinsic semiconductors Extrinsic semiconductors
Are very pure i.e. contain no impurity atoms Are impure i.e. contain impurity atoms
Exhibit low electrical conductivity Exhibit high electrical conductivity
Have equal number of holes and free electrons Unequal number of holes and free electrons

(ii) Explaining band theory with the aid of diagrams: [3]

In an insulator In a semiconductor In a conductor (metal)

 the valence band  the valence band is fully  the valence band overlaps with the
(v.b.) is fully occupied at zero kelvin (0 K) conduction band
occupied
 the conduction band  the conduction band is empty  the conduction band is never
(c.b.) is empty at absolute zero empty at any temperature
 the forbidden band  the forbidden band is small at  the forbidden band does not exist
(f.b.) is very wide. absolute zero

(b)
(i) Common-emitter voltage amplifier or current amplifier [1]
(ii) AC input signals [1]

(iii) ( ) [1]

[1]

(iv) Applying KVL in loop (2): [1]

( )( )
( )( ) [1]
(v)

[2]

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 (c) A diode is a device that allows d.c. through it in one direction and is used in rectification while a capacitor charges up
and blocks d.c allowing only a.c and is used in storing charge. [2]

11.
(a)
(i) Y axis - mV - range of 0 to 1 [1]
X axis - seconds - - roughly 0.8s for a heartbeat (about 70 to 80 for a normal person per minute) [1]

(ii) Depolarization (change of voltage from a negative to positive value) is due to the opening of Na+ channels
causing a rapid increase in the membrane conductance to Na+ and thus a rapid influx of Na+ ions into the cell;
a Na+ current. [2]
Repolarization (change of voltage from a positive back to a negative value)- the sodium channels close, while
the K+ channels are open. This ensures a net outward current, corresponding to a negative change in
membrane potential. [1]
(iii) Atrial contractions shows up as the P wave. [1]
Ventricular contractions show as a series known as the QRS complex. [1]
The T wave is the electrical activity produced when the ventricles are recharging for the next contraction
(repolarizing). [1]
(b) The aluminium filter reduces the intensity of low energy photons but hardly changes intensity of high energy photons
at all. We need high energy for the X-ray picture production [low energy tend to be attenuated by the body]. [2]
Therefore reducing low energy photons reduces the dose received by patient without affecting picture quality. [1]
(c)

(i) ( ) [1]
[1]
(ii) 10 steps = [1]
[1]

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 PAPER 3
MAINSTREAM
Table of values: [20]
(i) Ten complete traces showing at least, incident, refracted and emergent rays: LE, LN.
(ii) Ten values of recorded in degrees
(iii) Ten values of LE measured and recorded in cm to at least 1 decimal place, and in trend. (Trend: As
increases, LE increases).
(iv) Ten values of LN measured and recorded in cm to at least 1 decimal place and in trend.
(v) Composite table showing at least , LE and LN.
NOTE:
 Award zero for (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) if traces is not attached or
 If no pin marks are observed on attached traces award zero for (i) - (iv).
Graph: [6]
(i) Both axes correctly distinguished, with quantities and units. [2]
(ii) Reasonable scales (should occupy at least ¾ of graph of paper). [1]
(iii) Ten points correctly plotted [2]
(iv) Line of best fit (straight line passing through the origin) [1]
Slope: [4]
(i) Large right angled triangle
(ii) ∆LE correctly determined
(iii) ∆LN correctly determined
(iv) correctly evaluated

Evaluating [2]

Physical significance of [1]

Diagram: [4]

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Method and Precaution: [3]
 Pins are located vertically
 Pins are adequately spaced (at least 4 cm).
 Avoided parallax error while reading the protractor/ruler
 Repeated readings (shown on table and traces)
 Neat traces
 Zero error noted and corrected for on metre rule
(Accept any other valid precautions)

STATION 1
Diagram: [2]

Observations:
 The egg sinks in container A and rises or floats in container B. [2]
Inference:
 Upthrust in A is less than the weight of the egg. [1]
 Upthrust in B is greater than the weight of the egg. [1]
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 Upthrust depends on the density of the liquid (i.e. the greater the upthrust the greater the density). [1]
Conclusion:
 The density of the salty water is greater than that of pure water. [2]
Precaution: [1]
 The egg is gently lowered into the container to prevent water splashing out and egg cracking or breaking.
 Pure water is used because impurities affect density of water.
 Containers are cleaned before using to ensure impurities do not affect the observations.

STATION 2
Diagram: [2]

Method/precaution:

 The capacitance ( ) = and resistance ( ) = . [1]

 When the switch K is closed, the voltage ( ) across is read from the voltmeter and recorded. [1]
 It is observed that the voltage ( ) across reduces with time. [1]
Findings: [2]

Initially 0.0 2.64

Finally 60.0 1.38

Inference:

 The voltage across a resistor ( ) reduces [1]

 while voltage across a capacitor ( ) increases for a charging capacitor. [1]
Precaution: [1]
 Good electrical contact is ensured to reduce errors in the readings obtained.

STATION 3
Diagram:

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Method:
- A tuning fork is struck and brought close to the opened end of a resonance tube inserted into a beaker of water. .
- The tube is gently raised from the water until a loud sound is heard.
- is measured from the surface of water to the open end of the tub using a metre rule.
Data collected:
Frequency of the tuning fork,
Resonance length,
Calculation:
Speed of sound in air, ( )( )
Precaution: Parallax errors are minimized when reading the metre rule by viewing its scale normally.

STATION 4
Diagram: [2]

Observations:
 Time interval between 3.0 cm and 5.0 cm, [1]
 Time interval between 5.0 cm and 7.0 cm, [1]
Justification:
 The metal rod is unlagged [1]
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 so some heat transferred through the rod is lost to the surroundings. [1]
 Therefore, between any two pairs of points of equal separation along the rod, the time interval differs. [1]
Conclusion: [2]
 The rate of flow of heat through each section of the bar decreases along the bar.
Precautions: [1]
 The scale of the metre rule is viewed normally when measuring length to minimise parallax errors
 The experiment is performed in a wind free environment to prevent heat flame from being diverted from the
heating end of the rod by wind.
 Soot on the rod is cleaned with broomstick since soot (an insulator) affects the heat conduction ability of the rod.

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