B

ETTEITIVE HOTI:S

Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass

Jisim Atom Relatif dan Jisim Molekul Relatif Example @/Contoh @z

l. Relative atomic mass of an element Calculate the number of moles of nitrogen molecules,
The avera mass of one atom of an element N2 which consist of i.Ol x 1025 nitrogen molecules.
Hitung bilangan mol molekul nitrogen, N2 yang
x the mass of one atom of carbon-l2
n mengandungi 3.Ol x 1023 molekul nitrogen.
Jisim atom relatif suatu unsur So I uti on/Pe n5t e le s aian :
Jisim purata satu atom unsu,r
1
jisim satu atom karbon-L2
Number of moles: Number of molecules
E x
Bilangan mol
/vA
Bilangan molehul
2. Relative molecular mass of a substance Na
The average mass of one molecule 3.01 x 1023
I
x the mass of one atom of carbon-I2 6.02 x 1025
12 : 0.5 mol
Jisim molekul relatif suatu bahan
Jisim purata satu molekul
I -..-
jisim Example @/Contoh
x satu atom karbon-L2 @:
=*
LZ What is the mass in grams of 0.5 mol of carbon
Mole ConcepUl(o nsep Mot dioxide, CO2?
l. I mol of substance : The number of particles in I 2 g ot [Relative atomic mass: C: I2; O : l6]
carbon-12 Berapakah jisim dalam grdm bagi 0.5 rrrol karbon
1 mol bahan Bilangan zarah dalam 12 g dioksida, COz?
= lJisim atom relatif: C = L2; O = 161
karbon-L2
: 6.02 x 1023 particles/zarah Sol ution/Pe ny e le saian:
2. The value of 6.02 x known as the Avogadro constant
1025 is
Mass
Nilai 6.02 x L023 dikenali sebagai pemalir Aaogad.ro. Number of moles:
Relative molecular mass
3. The relationship between the number of motes, the Jisim
number of particles, the mass and the volume of gas Bilangan mol
Jisim molekul relatif
are shown below.
Hubungan antara bilangan mol, bilangan zarah, jisim 0.5 : Mass/Jisim
dan isi padu gas ditunjukkan di bawah. ll2+(2x16)l
:O.5x44
*Nn :229
a-*
xNn
Nn : Avogadro constant/Pemalar Auogadro
: 6.02 x 1023 Example @/Contoh @:
Calculate the volume of gas occupied by 1.5 mol of
,Mr sulphur dioxide, SO, at room condition.
XM, [Molar volume: 24 dms mol-r]
Hitung isi padu gas yang ditempati oleh L.5 mol sulfur
M, : Relative atomic/molecular mass dioksida, SO2 pada keadaan bilik.
Jisim atom / molekul relatif [Isi padu molar: 24 dms mol-1]
,Mv Sol uti o n/Pe ny e le s aian:
a-€ Volume of gas
XM, Number of moles:
M, : Molar volume/si padu molar Molar volume of gas
Bilangan mol Isi padu gas
- Room condition/Keadaanbilik:24.O dm3 mol-r Isi padu molar gas
- STP : 22.4 dm3 mol-l Volume of ga s/Isi padu gas
1.5 :
At the same temperature and atmospheric pressure, all 24
gases occupy the same amount of volume. :1.5x24
Pada suhu dan tekanan atmosfera, yang santa, sernud gas : 36 dm3
menempati jumlah isi padu yang sarna.

2t
Chemical Formulae Ghemical Equations
Formula Kimia
l. Empirical formula is a chemical formula
thai shows the simplest ratio number
of atoms for each type of element in a
compound.
ffi
VIDEO
Persamaan Kimia
l. A chemical equation is an equation written by using
symbols and chemical formulae.
Persamaan kimia ialah persarnaan yang ditulis dengan
rnenggunakan simbol dan forrnula kimia'
Fortnula emp irih ialah formula kimia 2. easi;" information that can be obtained from a
yang menunjukkan nisbahpaling ringkas bagi bilangan
chemical equation are qualitative aspect and
atom setiaP ients uns ur dalam suatu sebatian. quantitative asPect.
2. Molecular formula is a chemica I formula that shows the Maklumat asai yang dapat diperoleh dglyy sesuatu
actual number of atoms for each type of element that prito,*o"n kimii adZtah a'speh kualitatif dan aspeh
are present in a molecule of a compound' kuantitotif.
Formula molekul ialah formula kimia yang menunjukhan l. from the qualitative aspect, the chemical equations give
bilangan sebenar atom setiap jenis unsur ydng terdapat the following information:
dalam satu molekul suatu sebatian' Dari segi asiek kualitatif, persarnaan kimia memberikan
maklumat Yang berikut:
:
Molecular formula (Empirical formula)r, (a) The tYPes of reactants
n is a Positiveinteger ,: Jenis bahan tindak balas
Formuia molekul -'(Formula empirlk)* (b) The tyPes of Products formed
n adalah integer Positif l

Jenis'hasit tindak balas yang terbentuk

(c) The physical states of reactants-and-products
3. The empirical and molecular formulae of a chemical Kead,aan fizik bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak
compound may be different or similar, depending on balas
the type of comPound.
foriito empirii d,an formula molekul suatu sebatian Example/Contoh:
kimia *un[kin berbeza atau sanna, bergantung pada aNa(s/p) + Oz(g) + 2Na2O(g)
jenis sebatian itu.
asii?: Solid sodium, oryge! gas (reactants),
+. ihe following are the steps in determining the empirical Qualitatrue
solid sodium oxide (Product)
formula of a comPo und natrium, gas- oksigen (bahan
Aspek kualitatif:' Pepejal
Berikut meruPakan langkah-langleah dalam menentukan tiidak balas), pepejal natrium oksida
formula empirik bagi suatu sebatian (hasil tindak balas)
Quantitative aspect: 4 mol of Na reacts with t mol of
Write the elements of the comPound 02
o Tl-tlis unsur bagi sebatian itu to produce 2 mol of Na2O
Aspek kuantitatif:4 mol'Na berti-ndak balas dengan 1 mol
02 membentuk 2 mol Na2O
Write the mass or percentage of each element 4. The diagram below shows how to write a
o Tl"rlis jisim atau peratus bagi setiap unsur
chemical equation.
'bawah
balanced

i"iin di menunjukkan bagaimana menulis

Calculate the number of moles of each element
pniso*oon kimia Yang seimbang'
I Hitung bilangan mol setiaP unsur
Step I /Langhah l=
Wriie the coirect chemical formula for each reactant
Divide each number with the smallest number and product.
@ Bahagikan setiap nombor dengan nombor terkecil ft Ui formula kimia yang betul bagi setiap bahan
tind,ak balas dan hasil tindak balas'
5. lonic comPounds consist of positively-charged ions
(cations) and negatively-charged ions (anions)' .
iebatian ion terliri daiipadaion bercas positif (kation) +
dan ion bercas negatif (anion).
Example/Contoh:
Step Z/Langkah 2=
DetLrmine the number of atoms for each element in
the reactant and Product.
ldentify ions and charges Mg'\ cl- Tentukan bilangan atom bagi setiap unsur dalam
Kenal pasti ion dan cas bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas'
,{ \
Number of ions
Bilangan ion
Chemical formula
1

MgCl2
2
t
Formula kimia
Slep l/Langhah 3=
Balince thJnumber of atoms for each element by
6. The total positive charge of cation must be equal to the iJlrtting the coefficients in front of the chemical
total n"gitir" charge 6f anion when writing a chemical formulae.
formula for an ionic comPound. Seimbanghan bilangan atom bagi setiap unsur dengan
Jumlah cas positif basi- kation mestilah sanna dengan iena*bZhkan pekiti di hadapan setiap formula kimia'
jwnlah i"gotif ba-gi anion senxosa menulis formula
"orsebatian ion.
kimia bagi
22
 Day: .............................. Date:

PBD
Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
Jisim Atom Relatif dan Jisim Molekut Retatif
I Complete the following equations. lsa.r.r f,lll
Lengkapkan persamaan yang berikut.

(a) Relative atomic mass of an element

Jisim atom relatif suafu unsur =

(b) Relative molecular mass of a substance

Jisim molekul relatif suatu bahan =

2 Mark (_/ ) the reasons -n-Ly carbon-l2 is used as a standard for determining relative atomic mass and relative
molecular mass. r-ss.r.r llp
Tancral@n | / | sebab mengapa kabon-12 digwakan sebagai piawaj untuk menentukan jisim atom rclatif dan jisim motekul relatif.

Carbon can be handled easily.

Karbon dapat diuruskan dengan mudah.

Carbon has an accurate mass.

Karbon mempunyai jisim yang tepat.

Carbon exists as a solid.

Karbon wujud sebagai pepejal.

Carbon is abundant in nature.

Karbon banyak dijumpai dalam alam semula jadi.

3 Calculate the relative molecular mass and relative formula mass for the substances in the table below. r_Sa.t.z t[
Hitung iisim molekul rdatif dan iisim formuta relatil bagi bahan dalam jadual di bawah.

Relative

(a) Tetrachloromethane
Tetraklorometana cc14

(b) Sodium sulphate

Natrium sulfat Na2SOa

(c) Zinc carbonate

Zink karbonat ZnCO3

(d) Magnesium nitrate

Magnesium nitrat Mg(NO3)2

(e) Iron(III) sulphate

Ferum(lll) sulfat Fe2(SOa)3

[Relative atomic mass lJisim atom rdatif. C= 12;N= 14;O = 16;Na=23;Mg=24rS = 32; Cl = 35.5; Fe =56;Zn=651
23
 Day: Date:

Mole Concept
Konsep Mol
Ghemical Formulae
Formula Kimia
4 Answer all the questions below. LS3.2.4, g.g.c EIS
Jawab semua soalan di bawah

(a) A compound consists of 40o/o calcium, l2o/o carbon and 48o/o oxygen' What is the emp irical formula of the
compound?
-
[Relative atomic mass: C 12; O = 16; Ca = 40]
aa' 48Yo oksigen' Apakah formula empiik bagi sebatian itu?
Suatu sebatian mengandungi 4Oo/o kalsium, 12o/o karboi
Uisrm atom relatif: C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40I
Solution/ Penyel esai an :

(b) 1.2 gof magnesium produces 2.0 gof magnesium oxide after complete heating' What is the
empirical formula
of magnesium oxide?
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Mg - Z+] -- .,-empiik
---:r,-,---:
bagi -^,
magnesium
1.2 g magnesrum menghasilkan 2.0 g mignesium oksidase/epas pembakaran lengkap' Apakah formula
oksida?
tJ,s,m atom relatif: O = 16; Mg = l4l
Solution/ P eny el esai an z

(c) Hydrocarbon X contains 4.32 g of 0J2 g of -hydrogen'- The relative molecular mass of
carbon
-and
hydrocarbon X is 70. Determin. ih. empirical and molecular formulae of hydrocarbon X.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = L2)
Hidrokarbon X mengandungi 4.32 g karbon dan O12 g hidrogen' Jisim molekul relatif bagi
hidrokahon X ialah
70. Tentukan
formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi hidrokarbon Y
Ursim atom relatif; H = 1; C = 121
Solution/ P e ny el esai an t

(d) An organic comPound has an empirical formula of CH2 and the relative molecular mass is 112' What is the
molecular formula of the comPound?
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12) formula molekul bagisebatian
Suatu sebatian organik mempunyai formula empirik CH2dan iisim molekul relatif ialah 112' Apakah
itu?
tJ,s,m atom relatif: H = 1; C = 12]
Solution/ P eny elesai an z

24
 Day: Date:

Chemical Formulae
Formula Kimia
5 Write the chemical formula for the following compounds. 1s3.3.5 EIg
Tulis formula kimia bagi sebatian yang berikut.

(a) Sodium oxide

Natrium oksida

(b) Calcium chloride

Kalsium klorida

(c) Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium hidroksida

(d) Ammonium sulphate

Ammonium sulfat

(e) Aluminium carbonate

Aluminium karbonat

(0 Potassium manganate(Vll)
Kalium manganat('lll)

Chemical Equations
Persamaan Kimia
6 Mark ( / ) the balanced chemical equations. 153.4.1 EIE fi![} Applyine
Tandakan ( / ) pada persamaan kimia yang seimbang.

(a) zHzG) + Oz(g) + 2H2O(llce)

(b) Mg(slp) + Clz(g) -+ MgCl2(s/p)

(c) Na2CO3(s lp) + 2HCl(aq/ ak) -+ NaCl(aq/ ak) + HzO(ll ce) + CO2(g)

7 Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions. Ls3.4.1 m @[) Applyins
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi setiap tindak balas yang berikut.

(a) Zinc oxide + hydrochloric acid + zinc chloride + water

Zink oksida + asid hidroklorik -+ zink klorida + air

(b) Copper(Il) nitrate + copper(Il) oxide + nitrogen dioxide + orygen gas

Kuprum(ll) nitrat -+ kuprum(ll) oksida + nitrogen dioksida + gas oksigen

(c) Aluminium carbonate *+ aluminium oxide + carbon dioxide gas

Aluminium karbonat s aluminium oksida + gas karbon dioksida

25
PAPER T
Instructions: Each question is followed by four alternative answers, A, B, C and D. Choos€ one correct arswer for each question.
Arahan: Setap soa,an diikuti old empat pilihan iawapan, A B, C dan D. Pilih sa hwapan yang betul bagisetiap soalan.

Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Chemical Formulae

Mass Formula Kimia
Jisim Atom Relatif dan Jisim Molekul Relatif
5 13.95 g of an oxide of metal X contains 3.6 g of oxygen.
I How many carbon atoms have the same mass as one ffi Wtrat is the empirical formula for the oxide X?
krypton atom? lRelative atomic mass: O = 16; X = 23)
- 13.95
[Relative atomic mass: C - 12; Kr = 84] g oksida logam X mengandungi 3.6 g oksigen. Apakah
Berapakah bilangan atom karbon yang mempunyai iisim yang formula empirik bagi oksida X?
sama seperti satu atom kripton? lJisim atom relatif: O = 16; X = 231

lJisim atom relatif: C = 12; Kr = 841 AXO BXOz

A5 B 6 c xzo D XzOg
C7 D8
6 An organic compound is found to have a relative
2A compound with formula X2(SO4)3 has a relative ffi molecular mass of 28 and empirical formula of CHz.
formula mass of 342. What is the relative atomic mass - Whut is the molecular formula of the compound?
of X? [Relative atomic mass: C - l2;H = 1]
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; S = 32] Suatu sebatian organik didapati mempunyai iisim molekul
Suatu sebatian dengan formula X2(SOd3 mempunyai iisim relatif 28 dan formula empirik CH2. Apakah formula molekul
formula relatif 342. Berapakah iisim atom relatit bagiX? bagi sebatian itu?
lJisim atom relatif: O = 16; S = 321 Uis,m atom relatif: C = 12: H = 1I
A23 827 A CH B C,HN
c54 D64 c cnHro D CuHrz

Mole Goncept Chemical Equations

Konsep Mol Persamaan Kimia
3 Which substance contains the same number of moles 7 Which of the following is a chemically balanced
as 1.5 g of carbon?
W [Relative atomic mass: C = 12; O = 16; Mg = 24;Cl = 35.5; equation?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah persamaan kimia yang
Molar volume = 24.0 dm3 mol-l] seimbang?
Bahan yang manakah mengandungi bilangan mol yang sama A Li + 02 -+ Li2O
seperti 1.5 g karbon? B Na + Cl2 -+ 2NaCl
lJisim atom relatif: C = 12; O = 16; Mg = 24; Cl = 35.5; lsi padu C Zn + 2F{Cl -+ ZnCI2 + Hz
molar = 24.0 dms mol-1]
D MgO + HNO3 -+ Mg(NOr), + H2O
I 3 dm3 of oxygen gas II 3 g of magnesium
3 dm3 gas oksigen 3 g magnesium
8 The following chemical equation represents the
III 2 g of oxygen gas IV 54 g of chlorine gas
reaction between aluminium powder and nitric acid.
2 g gas oksigen 54 g gas klorin
Persamaan kimia yang berikut mewakili tindak balas antara
A IandII B IandIII serbuk aluminium dengan asid nitrik.
I dan ll I dan lll
C II and IV D III and IV
ll dan lV lll dan lV zAL*6HNO3 + 2AI(NO3)3 + 3H,

4 What is the volume occupied by 100 g of carbon What is the mass of aluminum nitrate formed when
dioxide gas at room condition? 14.85 g of aluminium powder are reacted with excess
W nitric acid?
[Relative atomic mass: C -- 12; O = 16; Molar volume
= 24.0 dm3 mol-l] [Relative atomic mass: N = 14; O = 16; Al = 27)
Berapakah isi padu yang ditempati oleh 100 g gas karbon Berapakah jisim aluminium nitrat yang terbentuk apabila 14.85 g
dioksida pada keadaan bilik? serbuk aluminium beftindak balas dengan asid nitrik berlebihan?
lJisim atom relatif: C = 12;O = 16; tsi padu molar =24.0 dm3 mol-11 lJisim atom relatif: N = 14; O = 16; Al = 27)
A 34.6 dm3 B 45.5 dm3 A s8.6 g B rr7.2 g
c 52.3 dm3 D 54.5 dm3 C 234.3 g D 267.9 g

26
 Day: Date

PAPER 2
Section A
Instructions: Answer all the questions.
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.

Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass

Jisim Atom Relatif dan Jisim Molekul Relatif
Mole Concept
Konsep Mol

I Table 1 shows the names, chemical formulae and relative molecular mass of some chemical compounds.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nama, formula kimia dan jisim molekul relatif bagi beberapa sebatian kimia.

Nitric acid
Asid nitrik
HNO3

Glucose
c6H1206
Glukosa

Chloroform
Kloroform
cHCl3

Quinine c2oH24N2O2
Kuinin

rABLE IIIADUAL t

(a) Complete Table 1 by filling in the relative molecular mass of each of the compounds
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1; O = 16; C - l2;N = 14; Cl = 35.5]
Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan mengisi jisim molekul relatif bagi setiap sebatian itu.
lJisim atom relatif; H = 1; O = 16; C = 12; N = 14; Cl = 35.51
13 markslS markah)
(b) What are the number of molecules are there in the following nitric acid and glucose?
Berapakah bilangan molekul yang terdapat dalam asid nitrik dan glukosa yang berikut?
(i) 10 g of nitric acid
10 g asid nitrik

ll marklt markah)
(ii) 10 g of glucose
10 g glukosa

ll markll markah)
27
 Day:

(c) In the combustion of carbon, carbon dioxide gas are released.

Dalam pembakarun l<arbon, gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of carbon.
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi pembakann karbon itu.

[2 marlcslL ma*ahl
(ii) In the combustion of carbon, 3 mol of orygen molecules are used. How many oxygen molecules are involved
in this reaction?
[Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-l]
bataipembakaran l<arbon,3 mol molekul oksigen digunakan. Benpakah bilangan molekul oksigen yang terlibat dalam tindak
balas ini?
lPemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1d3 mol-11

lL markll markahl
(iii) How many moles of carbon dioxide gas are released in this reaction?
Berapakah bilangan mol gas tcabon dioksida yang ditruMskan dalam tindak balas ini?

ll markll markahl
(iv) What is the mass of carbon dioxide gas released?
Benpakah 1i'slm gas karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan?

ll markll martahl

28
 Date:

.1 Chemlcal Formulae
Fonnula Kmia
Chemlcal Equalions
Pe's,amaan Ktmla

- 2_ A student carries out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Table 2 shows the
$ results obtained from the experiment.
- *o{arry nuid nenldenken @inE,| untuk nr/n?,tfirtut fo l/u/la ffipirtk bagd zragnosium oksda "ldud 2 t lE,vniu*tan lc,putusf,l
Wp diperoleh c*ldD€cb?/l<s,€/tinan iU.

Crucible + lid
Mangkuk pijar + Wnutup
55.35

Crucible + lid + magnesium powder

63.63
Mangkuk pijar + penutup + sedruk magnesium

Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide

Mangkuk pijar + Wnutup + magnesium oksida
69.r5

TABLE AJADUAL2

(a) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik?

ll markh makah)
(b) How to ensure all magnesium has completely reacted?
Bagaimanakah untuk memastil<an semua magnesium bertindak balas dengan lengkap?

I ll markll markahl
a
(c) Based on Table 2, determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Mg = Z+l
Berda rkan Jadual2, tentukan formula empiik bagi magnesium oksida.
tJ,s,m atom relatif: O = 16; Mg = 24I

13 markslS markah)
(d) List two precautionary steps that must be taken during the heating process carried out.
Senanikan dua langl<ah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambilsemasa proses pemanasn dijatankan.

l2 marksl2 markahl
(e) Draw an apparatus set up to carry out this experiment. @fi) Applyins
Lukis susunan rudas untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini.

[2 marlcsl2 markah)

29
t
 Day: Date:

3 (a) Diagram 3 shows the molecular formula of butanoic acid.

Rajah 3 menuniukkan formula molekul bagi asid butanoik.
W
c3HTcooH
DIAGRAM 3lRAlAH 3

(i) What is the meaning of molecular formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?

ll marklt markahl
(ii) Write the empirical formula for butanoic acid.
Tulis formula empirik bagi asid butanoik.

ll markll markah)

(iii) State one similarity and one difference between the molecular formula and empirical formula for butanoic
acid' @El AnalYsine

Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula molekul dengan formula empirik bagi asid butanoik'

Similarity
Persamaan

Difference

Perbezaan
12 marksl2 markah)

(b) The following equation shows the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan yang berikut menuniukkan tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik.

p) + (aql ak) + k) +

(i) -Zn(sl
Balance the above chemical equation -HCl -ZnCl2(aq/a -Hr(g)
Seimbangkan persamaan kimia di atas.
ll markll markahl
(ii) Name the reactants and products for the equation.
Namakan bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas bagi persamaan itu.

Reactants

Bahan tindak balas

Products

Hasil tindak balas

12 marksl2 markahl
(iii) Interpret the chemical equation qualitatively and quantitatively
Tafsirkan persamaan kimia itu secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

Qualitatively
Kualitatif

Quantitatively
Kuantitatif
12 marksl2 markah)

30
 Day: Date:

Section B
Instructions: Answer all the questions
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.

Chemical FormulaelFormula Kimia

Chemical Equations/Persamaan Kimia
4 (a) Aqueous potassium iodide solution reacts with aqueous lead(Il) nitrate solution to produce a precipitate of
lead(Il) iodide and aqueous potassium nitrate solution.
Larutan akueus kalium iodida bertindak balas dengan larutan akueus ptumbum(ll) nitrat menghasilkan mendakan plumbum(ll) iodida
dan larutan akueus kalium nitrat.
(i) Based on the given information, write the chemical formulae for potassium iodide and lead(Il) nitrate.
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, tulis formula kimia bagi kalium iodida dan ptumbum(ll) nitrat.
12 markslT markah)
(ii) State all the ions that are produced from aqueous potassium iodide solution and aqueous lead(Il) nitrate solution.
Nyatakan semua ion yang terhasil daripada larutan akueus kalium iodida dan larutan akueus ptumbum(ll) nitrat.
[2 marksl2 markah)
(iii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu.
12 marksl2 markahl
(b) A group of students carried out an experiment to study the rate of reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid.
The information about the reaction is given in the Table 4.
Sekumpulan muid menjalankan suatu ekspeimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara batu marmar dengan asid hidrokloik. Maklumat
mengenaitindak balas diberi dalam Jadual 4.

Excess marble and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

I
Batu marmar berlebihan dan 30 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3

TABLE 4I]ADUAL 4

(i) State the scientific name and chemical formula for marble.
Nyatakn nama saintifik dan formula kimia bagi batu marmar,
12 marksl2 martc,hl
(ii) Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in the above experiment.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40; Molar volume = 24.0 dm3 mol-r]
Hitung isi padu makimum W kbon dioksida yang dihasitkan datam elspeimen di atas.
Visim atom relatif: C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40; lsi padu motat = 24.O dm3 mofll
[4 ffiarl<sl4 mad<ahl
(c) The followiag information is about an organic compound, Y.
Maklumat yang berikut adahh mengenai suatu sebatian organik, y,

. Has an empirical formula of CH2

Mempunyai formula empirik CH2
. Has a relative molecular mass of 28
Mempunyai jisim molekul relatif 28
. Decolorises the brown colour of bromine
Melunturkan warna perang bromin

Based on the given informatior, ...

Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, ...
(i) determine the molecular formula of Y.
[Relative atomic mass: C - l2;H = 1]
tentukan formula molekul bagiY.
lJisim atom relatif: C = 12; H = 1l
12 marksl2 markah)
(ii) write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of compound y and bromine.
tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas sebatian y dengan bromin.
12 marksl2 markah)
3l
 i

Day: Date: .................

(d) Hydrazine It contains 87.5% ofnitrogen and 12.5% ofhydrogen' The relative molecular
can be used as rocket fuel. I

mass of hydrazine is 32. Determine the empirical formula of hydrazine. \

[Relative atomic mxss; ]I = l; N = 141

J

ildruina Ooun digunabn sebagai bahan;pi roket' Hidraziz mengandungi 87 -5% niwen dan 125% hidrcgen' Jisim moletul
relatif bagi hidrazina ialah 32. Tentukan formula empirik bagi hidrazina'
lJisim atom relatif; H = 1; N = 141
14 marksl4 markah)

Section C
Instructions: Answer all the questions.
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.

Chemical Formulae
Formula Kmia
5 Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set uP to determine the empirical formula of copper(Il) oxide
Raj{h 5 menuniukkan susuian radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(ll) oksida'
Glass tube (12 cm) Copper(ll) oxide powder
Solur koco (12 cm) Serbuk kuprum(ll) oksido

Rubber tube
Glass tube ( l0 cm)
Solur getoh
Solur koco (10 cm)

Hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik
Water
Air Zinc granules
Ketulon zink

Wooden block
Bongkoh koyu

DIAGRAM SIPAJAH s

(a) By using your knowledge about the chemical equations, wdte all the ions that form copper(Il) oxide' Then' write
a Lalanied chemical equation for the formation of the copper(Il) oxide.
D$gan meng(nratan peigeataan anda tentang persamaan kimia, tulis semua ion @ng membentuk ktprum(lll oksida' Kemudian'
tulis perrfrmejE/n kimia yang sehbang bagi pembentul<an kuprumlll) oksda itu.
14 rnarkst| martah)

(b) Based on the orperiment in Diagram 5, ...

Betdasf,,€,n ekspein€n dalam Raiah 5, .,.
(i) explain why this method is suitable for the determination ofthe empirical formula of copper(Il) oxide'
k,nrngkdn rnengapa kaedah ini Eesuai untuk rr,enentukan formuta empitik bagi liprum(lll okida @[l rppylng
(ii) can the same method be used to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?-Brplain your answer'
bolehlah ,aedah yang sama digunakan untuk menentukn formula empiik bagi magnesium o//6ida? Tenngkn iawdpan anda'
(![l hary,hs
16 marlcsli na*ahl

(c) Describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of zinc oxide. Your explanation should include of
the following aspects:
Hunikn satu-eldennen untuk menentukn formuta empiik bagi zink oksida, Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-
aspek yang berikut:
- Procedures for the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
- Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
- Calculation of the results obtained
Pengiraan keputusan yang diperoleh
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Zn - 65]
lJisim atom relatif: O = 16; Zn = 651
ll0 marksllO markah)

32