May - June 2023

REGULATORY REVIEW Five Industrial Hygiene Trends to Watch page 14
May/June 2023
THE H E AT I S O N !
Have a Heat
Acclimatization Plan
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Table of Contents - May/June 2023
COVER STORY: The Heat is On!
10 PPE and Heat Stress: When
Protection Poses a Danger
Heat stress is a concern in many industries where
employees are exposed to high levels of heat and
humidity, especially with workers wearing heavy PPE. Learn
how to protect your employees as temps start to rise.
REGULATORY REVIEW NOISE & HEARING SENSORS &

14 Three Trending PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY
Industrial Hygiene Issues 30 Hearing Protection 42 Sensor Technology
By addressing three common Options for Workers for Peace of Mind
IH issues, employers can Sensor technology is a first
With Hearing Loss
immediately improve their line of defense for workers
Many workers in noisy
workplace safety programs. at risk from dangerous
industrial environments
already have some form of levels of volatile organic
COMBUSTIBLE hearing loss; multifunctional compounds (VOCs). Accuracy
DUST SAFETY hearing aids can allow is critical; workers need
them to continue working. instruments that provide
18 OSHA’s Combustible accurate, immediate results.
Dust Emphasis Program: 34 Listen Up! Hearing
How to Be Prepared Loss Prevention Protects AIR SAMPLING
In January 2023, OSHA issued More than Hearing
a revised Combustible Dust NIOSH has issued new hearing 44 Calibration vs. Setting
National Emphasis Program loss prevention guidance. & Verifying Flow Rates
(NEP), CPL 03-00-008. Learn how to prevent Learn the difference between
Learn how to be prepared exposures to the hazards of calibration and the process
for an inspection, how to noise and ototoxic chemicals. of setting and verifying flow
protect workers and more. rates in air sampling, and
ENVIRONMENTAL why it’s important to follow
VISION PROTECTION PROTECTION &
best practices to ensure
accurate, reliable results.
22 The Best Safety MONITORING
Glasses for the Job 36 Construction Boundary BEFORE YOU GO...
The market is saturated with
eye protection options. This Monitoring: Protect 6 Note from the Editor
article covers considerations Workers & Communities A note from Barbara
for selecting the appropriate Learn how environmental Nessinger, Editor-in-Chief
eye/face protection for boundary monitoring can help 46 Product Spotlight
specific job applications. identify potential hazards,
ensure compliance and protect 47 Ad Index
RESPIRATORY the public from health hazards.
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capable of performing need to ensure team safety,
deeper analysis today. hazard visibility and more. 26
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4 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

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Note from the Editor
“Summertime…and the living is easy.”

–Gershwin & Heyward, Porgy & Bess
“Summertime…and the living is easy.” That’s

a quote that certainly resonates with kids and
A RDG Media, Inc. Publication
summer vacationers alike. However, it’s not al-
P.O. Box 529
ways so easy for those who work outdoors when
Estero, FL 33929
the temperatures rise.
586-227-9344
For many parts of the country, the “heat is on” already, and heat safety www.IndustrialHygienePub.com
comes to the forefront for EHS/IH professionals. Keeping workers safe
from the dangers of heat stress becomes more challenging each year—
especially as average temperatures in many parts of the U.S. continue to PRESIDENT/GROUP PUBLISHER
climb. Our cover story demonstrates why having an effective heat accli- Randy Green
matization program is so important (p.10). EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Aside from how to beat the heat, this issue has a jam-packed lineup of Barbara Nessinger
topics. Our Regulatory Review section discusses three trending industrial SENIOR ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE
hygiene issues: noise, lighting and ergonomics. Another piece covers how Jacob Swindell
you can be prepared for OSHA’s Combustible Dust Emphasis Program. ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE
We also take a look at how to choose the best safety glasses for the job. Lydia Stewart
Renting gas detection equipment might not always be top-of-mind, but ACCOUNTING MANAGER
there are plenty of situations where it makes sense. The article, “Five Kristin Green
Reasons to Rent Gas Detection Equipment,” (p.40) can help with the SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR
decision-making process. Angi Hiesterman
Hearing conservation is covered in two articles—one by our regular con- OPERATIONS/CUSTOMER SERVICE
tributors at the NHCA; this month’s “Listen Up!” discusses the myriad Jody Kirchoff
benefits of hearing loss prevention. The other piece talks about hearing PUBLICATION COORDINATOR
protection for workers who already have some level of hearing loss. Lacey Scanlan
There are also articles on flow rates in air sampling, as well as one on WEB DESIGN
Josh Scanlan
environmental protection and boundary monitoring on construction
sites. In addition, we delve into photoionization detectors, a commonly LIST RENTAL
used gas detection technique used to measure a wide variety of organic Angi Hiesterman
and inorganic compounds. Yet another piece highlights how the use of
advanced software programs for respiratory protection program man-
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN THE WORKPLACE will not be
agement can help add value for program improvement initiatives. responsible for any errors in placement or content after first run
of ad. Publishers shall not be liable for any costs or damages if
At IHW, we strive to provide state-of-the-industry information to your for any reason it fails to publish advertisement. Industrial
Hygiene in the Workplace recommends that you take appropriate
doorstep. I hope you enjoy this issue and your early summer days include caution before buying items sight unseen. Industrial Hygiene
in the Workplace is not responsible for misrepresentation of
some “easy living!” advertisers. We suggest you contact your own attorney, the
Better Business Bureau, or appropriate government agencies if
Regards, you experience a problem.
Randy Green, President & Group Publisher
Barbara Nessinger, Editor-in-Chief
Advertising rates, deadlines, and mechanical requirements
furnished upon request. Copyright 2022 Industrial Hygiene in
P.S. If you are interested in contributing an article, Thought Leadership the Workplace All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in part or in
whole without written consent is strictly prohibited.
or Perspectives piece, feel free to contact me at bnessinger@
workplacemhs.com.
www.facebook.com/IndustrialHygienePub/ twitter.com/IndHygienePub
www.linkedin.com/company/industrial-hygiene-in-the-workplace www.youtube.com/channel/UCdhm5vhueCpiqasMBv_qYSw

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Women in Oil & Gas: where are we on
gender diversity in the industry?
The oil and gas industry has been undoubtedly known as a male-dominated industry.
However, the percentage of women employees is growing. Women make up nearly
one-quarter of oil and gas employees worldwide nowadays. With women playing
a more prominent role in various industries worldwide, the oil and gas industry is
witnessing a paradigm shift as women take on more significant roles in technical and
leadership positions.
Benefits of a healthy gender balance within companies

With the ever-increasing need for diversity and inclusivity in the global workforce,
oil and gas companies are beginning to recruit more women. And with results.
Some companies reported an increase of 50% in female employees over the past
decades. The industry has realized the benefits of gender balance, and therefore
we see increased recruitment of women in oil and gas. Companies are beginning to
appreciate the unique perspectives that women can bring to the table. Diversity helps
in driving innovation, creativity, and problem-solving, which, in turn, results in better
decision-making. According to Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the most significant
gains in innovation are achieved by diverse leadership teams.
The need for gender diversity as part of social responsibility

Furthermore, women in the industry have been performing at par or even better in
certain aspects than their male counterparts. Women are successful in technical
roles, and there is a growing trend of women occupying management positions in the
industry. Besides that, the industry seems to recognize the need for gender diversity
as part of social responsibility. In a world where diversity and equality are critical and
become increasingly critical every day, the oil and gas industry must balance diversity
and inclusivity in its workforce.
Challenges regarding education and training

However, despite progress, challenges are still associated with increasing the number
of women in oil and gas. One primary issue is the need for more access to education and
training. Additionally, some regions still have some cultural resistance, discouraging
women from taking on technically skilled roles.
In conclusion, the oil and gas industry are making strident efforts to recruit and retain
more women employees. Employers are beginning to recognize women’s unique
perspectives and benefits in this field. More women than ever are occupying technical
and leadership positions, which is expected to continue. Increasing diversity will only
benefit the industry, showcasing talent and promoting equality.
Interested in how we work on our diversity within the WatchGas family? Do not hesitate
to contact us through info@watchgas.com.
COVER STORY: Heat Safety
How to Maintain a Heat

Acclimatization Program
Heat acclimatization is important for any work environment • Learn what heat acclimatization is and what it means to the
with significant heat exposure and risks. Heat acclimatization workforce
is building a tolerance to heat gradually over time. Knowing • Set up some heat acclimatization guidelines
how to acclimate your workforce to the heat is an administrative • Understand how to maintain heat acclimatization in the
control that can help your team operate in hot environments. workforce
A fundamental way to protect workers from occupational Heat Acclimatization: Why is it Important?
hazard exposures such as potential heat illness and injury is Heat acclimatization refers to beneficial biological adaptations
by implementing a method from the hierarchy of controls. The that help reduce physiological heat strain (the overall physio-
hierarchy of controls is an inverted pyramid that lists the most logical response resulting from heat stress) in hot environments.
effective methods from top to bottom to eliminate or decrease
the hazards in a particular work environment. Using any of Benefits for heat acclimatization include:
the methods in the pyramid leads to overall inherently safer • Decreased heat strain on the heart, brain and other
practices and a reduction in the risk of illness or injury. vital organs
• Improved sweating (quicker onset, higher volume) to cool
This hierarchy also helps determine which methods and how they the body more quickly
should be implemented, depending on the work environment • Increased worker comfort during physical tasks in the heat
and situation. When working in hot conditions, the body needs
time to enact some physiological defenses. Implementing a Because the majority of heat-related injuries occur in the first
heat acclimatization program is important to avoid the risk of few days on the job, it’s important to educate new workers about
heat illness and injury for your team and to ensure their safety. heat acclimatization and other safety measures to implement in
their work environment. Ensuring this education is part of each
new employee orientation and onboarding will help mitigate
risks and promote a culture that doesn’t cut corners.
Heat acclimatization occurs over a seven-14 day period with an

incremental approach. The environment and exposures are suf-
ficiently stressful to invoke profuse sweating and elevated body
temperatures but not to a point of heat exhaustion. Generally
speaking, a slower approach will achieve the best results.
Successful Heat Acclimatization Plan

When building and implementing an acclimatization plan,
remember that body temperature, heart rate and general dis-
comfort will be the highest on the first day of work. With each
following day of exposure, these responses should decrease,
and sweat production will increase. It will also be important to
ensure workers are properly hydrated throughout the process.
The goal for the end of the program is for the worker to find it
The majority of heat-related injuries occur in the first few days on the job. possible to perform the work with less distress.
It’s important to educate new workers about heat acclimatization and
other safety measures to implement in the work environment. (photo When introducing an acclimatization plan for your organiza-
courtesy Adobe Stock Images)
tion make sure to think about a few key areas:
1. Timeliness: When thinking of heat acclimatization, don’t
The majority of heat-related deaths occur in the first few days on rush the process. Workers being onboarded to a hot job
the job. Proper heat acclimatization training can help prevent should begin their heat acclimatization plan on Day 1.
this. Continue reading to:

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COVER STORY: Heat Safety
2. Duration: Gradually increase work times

in hot conditions for seven-14 days. Less
strenuous activities and more experienced
workers might tend toward the shorter
range, whereas more strenuous and
less accustomed workers toward the
longer range. When in question, a more
conservative approach should be used.
3. Intensity: While on the acclimatization
plan, the level of work should increase in
difficulty to meet the rigors of the daily post-
acclimatization work. Think of it this way: If
the job in demand will include laying bricks
in the South Florida sun all day, then that
workers’ acclimatization schedule should be A fundamental way to protect workers from occupational hazard exposures is by
implementing a method from the hierarchy of controls—including heat acclimatization.
striving toward laying bricks in the South (photo credit NIOSH)
Florida sun all day. Light or brief physical
work will only acclimatize the worker to
light and brief physical work. where a worker is away from hot work for a prolonged period
4. Rest: Rest during an acclimatization schedule is just as (about one week), it can often be regained in two-three days.
important as the work. The gradual build-up of getting
the body to a point is the key to any proper program. What to watch out for with an
acclimatized workforce:
What does an acclimatization schedule look like? • Dehydration: Due to increased sweating among those with
Full acclimatization for a worker may take up to two weeks, a higher degree of heat acclimatization, dehydration is a
depending on individual factors. Certain medications, medical concern due to the loss of liquid.
conditions or even additional environmental factors can all • Rapid heat increases: Sudden higher levels of heat in a work
have an impact. environment, like a heat wave, can still be dangerous because
acclimatization only matches the level of heat stress exposure.
For a new worker or one returning from a prolonged absence, • Health considerations: Workers that have underlying health
start with a workload of about 20% on the first day. Increase considerations or are less physically fit may require longer
the workload by no more than 20% on each subsequent day. acclimatization periods to bring up to standard.
When there is an expectation of a rapid change leading to [Editor’s Note: This article first appeared as a blog post on
increased environmental heat conditions, such as a heat wave, SlateSafety.com. Go to https://slatesafety.com/how-to-
even experienced workers should begin excessive heat days on maintain-a-heat-acclimatization-program/ for the original.]
a graduated schedule.
Additional Resources:
How fast can the body lose its tolerance to heat? » There’s an increasing number of really good resources around
Heat acclimatization has become better documented in scien- the topic. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention
tific literature, but the idea of how quickly heat acclimatization is always a great place to get started, as is OSHA and its
is lost, also known as heat acclimation decay (HAD), remains Technical Manual (OTM).
less well-known. The available literature suggests that each day » Though the University of Connecticut’s Korey Stringer
of heat acclimatization takes two days to lose. Institute is geared primarily toward secondary school
athletics, the information translates well.
Generally speaking, it is preferred, not detrimental, for a worker » For those in Canada, the Canadian Centre for Occupational
to experience one-two days in a cooler environment. Although Health and Safety (CCOHS) can get you started with an
heat acclimatization can be sustained after a few days, most overall understanding and they use exposure guidelines
workers will see a decrease in beneficial effects after about one recommended by the American Conference of Governmental
week away from heat. Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
» Article on how to maintain proper work hydration
It takes somewhere around a month away from hot work for from SlateSafety.com: https://slatesafety.com/how-
most people’s heat tolerance to return to baseline. In the cases to-maintain-proper-worker-hydration/

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Regulatory Review
By: Ray Chisti, Contributor
Three Trending Industrial

Hygiene Issues
The Occupational Safety and Health Act establishes an employ- Employees not exposed to noise levels equal to or exceeding 85
er’s criteria for protecting employees against health hazards decibels (as an eight-hour TWA) for an entire year following
and harmful materials. Industrial hygiene (IH) is the science their last annual audiogram may be removed from the hearing
devoted to anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling conservation program. The next step is to perform an assessment
workplace environmental factors or stresses that may cause by performing a walk-around sound survey and sampling.
illness, injury, impaired health or well-being, or significant
discomfort for a worker. Walkaround Sound Survey
There is only one way to know if noise has reached a dangerous
Employers are required to implement some element of an IH or level—by having someone trained conduct a sound survey.
occupational health program. Three common IH issues trending Anyone trained to use a sound level meter and a dosimeter and
at workplaces today include noise, lighting and ergonomics. By who can evaluate the data should be able to perform the survey.
addressing these issues, employers can immediately improve Employers should engage a trained individual to conduct a
their workplace safety programs. walk-around sound survey of their workplaces.
Noise The walk-around survey will screen for noise exposures and
OSHA requires employers to determine if workers are exposed determine if additional monitoring is necessary. When screen-
to excessive workplace noise. If so, the employer must imple- ing for noise exposures, sound-level meter measurements and
ment feasible engineering or administrative controls to estimates of the duration of exposure are sufficient. The resulting
eliminate or reduce hazardous noise levels. Employers must spot readings can be used to determine the need for a complete
implement an effective hearing conservation program where evaluation.
controls are insufficient.
OSHA’s occupational noise exposure standard at 1910.95

protects general industry employees, such as those in the
manufacturing, utilities and service sectors. It does not cover
the construction, or the oil and gas well-drilling and servicing
industries.
Evaluating Noise Exposure

The first step toward solving any noise problem is to define it.
Employers must determine the level of noise their employees
are exposed to in the workplace to determine which control
methods are needed to protect worker safety.
When evaluating which employees are potentially covered by © auremar - stock.adobe.com
OSHA’s standard, remember that the rule applies to employ- OSHA requires employers to determine if workers are exposed to
ees with even one day of exposure to noise levels at or above excessive workplace noise. Employers must implement an effective
85 decibels on an eight-hour, time-weighted average (TWA). hearing conservation program where controls are insufficient.

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Regulatory Review
If the results of the walk-around survey indicate TWA expo- Consensus Standard
sures of 80 decibels or more, additional noise monitoring There is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
should be performed. Employers should take into account the standard for industrial lighting that is incorporated by refer-
accuracy of the sound level meter when making this estimation. ence (ANSI A11.1-65—Practice for Industrial Lighting) in the
For example, a Type 2 sound level meter has an accuracy of OSHA standards for mechanical power-transmission apparatus
plus or minus 2 decibels. (1910.219(c)(5)(iii)), pulp and paper mills (1910.261(a)(3)), and
sawmills (1910.265(c)(2)).
Lighting
Poor workplace lighting can lead to slips, trips and falls, as In general, OSHA uses the General Duty Clause of the OSH
well as the inability to exit a space safely; difficulty operating Act to cite most hazards related to poorly-lit workplaces, often
equipment; and a host of other hazards. Workplace lighting referencing the ANSI standard (which is now replaced by the
must consider quantity, quality, direction and a number of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
other factors to ensure safety. OSHA does not usually specify RP-7: Practice For Industrial Lighting).
the amount of illumination required in the workplace, although
there are other standards that indicate recommended levels, This industry standard provides recommended levels based on
depending on the environment and the work being done. the type of work being done and the environment. Lighting
needs vary, depending on such things as the amount of activity,
© WATCH_MEDIA_HOUSE - stock.adobe.com
the hazard of the environment and other factors—generally
ranging from .5 foot-candles for low-hazard areas (e.g., offices)
to 5.0 for high hazards and activity levels (such as machine
shops or engine rooms). Lighting can be either artificial or
natural.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics, or fitting a job to a person, is a process that helps
lessen muscle fatigue; increases productivity; and reduces the
number and severity of work-related injuries to the muscles,
nerves, blood vessels, ligaments and tendons. Even though there
is no specific ergonomics regulation, OSHA will continue to
cite ergonomics-related hazards under the General Duty Clause
of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Section 5.
Workplace lighting must consider quantity, quality, direction and a

number of other factors to ensure safety.
General Industry
OSHA’s general industry regulations, for the most part, do
not go into specifics about the amount of illumination
required. OSHA’s Powered Industrial Truck standard is one
of the few places where a specific illumination level is given.
Paragraph 1910.178(h)(2) states: “Where general lighting is
less than 2 lumens per square foot, auxiliary directional lighting
shall be provided on the truck.” OSHA also addresses adequate
lighting in the exit routes rule at 1910.37(b).
© Antonioguillem - stock.adobe.com
Construction The number and severity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting

For the construction industry, OSHA sets minimum illumina- from physical overexertion and their associated costs can be substantially
tion standards for certain locations, such as general construction reduced by applying ergonomic principles.
areas, warehouses, corridors, exits, tunnels and underground
work areas, and more. Employers are responsible for providing a safe and health-
ful workplace for their workers. The number and severity of
OSHA requires in 1926.56(a) that construction areas, ramps, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from physical over-
runways, corridors, offices, shops and storage areas shall be exertion and their associated costs can be substantially reduced
lighted to not less than the minimum illumination intensities by applying ergonomic principles.
listed in Table D-3—Minimum Illumination Intensities In Foot-
Candles while any work is in progress. Implementing an ergonomic process can effectively reduce
the risk of developing MSDs in high-risk industries as diverse

as construction, food processing, manufacturing, office jobs, • Proper work practices,
healthcare, transportation and warehousing. • Administrative controls and
• Personal protective equipment.
Assessing and Preventing Ergonomics Hazards
Detecting and preventing ergonomics hazards in the workplace Effective ergonomic programs should include the following:
can often be easy. Employers can address the issue by: • Management commitment and employee participation,
• Establishing an ergonomics program and • Job hazard analysis,
• Providing and encouraging employees to participate in the • Controlling ergonomic risk,
ergonomics program and in decisions affecting their safety • Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) management and
and health. • Training and education.
Some types of tasks or work conditions which may affect Follow the guidance in this article to reduce workplace ergo-
employees include: nomics hazards, noise exposures and lighting hazards. Ensure
• Regular repetitive tasks, you talk with your workers and get their perspective too!
• Forceful exertions,
• Inappropriate tools, About the Author
• Vibrations from power tools, Ray Chishti joined J. J. Keller & Associates,
• Poor body mechanics, Inc. in 2017 as a Workplace Safety Editor.
• Restrictive workstations, Previously, Ray worked as an EH&S profes-
• Awkward postures and sional in auditing, management and executive
• Lifting heavy or awkward objects. leadership positions with new construction,
operating facilities and large EPC projects.
Employers can control MSD hazards by properly designing He has 20 years of EH&S experience in var-
the job or workstation and selecting the appropriate tools or ious industries, including fossil fuel power plants and utility
equipment. Based on information from the job analysis, an distribution and transmission work. He holds a Juris Doctor
employer can establish procedures to correct or control risk with a concentration in Occupational Safety & Health and is an
factors by using: OSHA-authorized trainer for general industry and construction.
• Appropriate engineering controls,
May/June 2023 17
Combustible Dust Safety Training
By: Rachel Krubsack, Contributor
OSHA’s Combustible Dust Emphasis

Program: How You Can Be Prepared
In January 2023, OSHA issued a revised Combustible Dust • Farm suppliers
National Emphasis Program (NEP), CPL 03-00-008, which • Institutional furniture manufacturers
replaces its March 2008 directive. Like its predecessor, the • Metal window and door manufacturers
revised NEP contains policies and procedures for inspecting • Sheet metal work manufacturers
workplaces that generate or handle combustible dusts; and • Reupholstery and furniture repairing operations
for determining whether such workplaces have addressed fire,
flash fire, deflagration and explosion hazards associated with The highest numbers of combustible dust-related fatalities and
combustible dusts. Examples include: catastrophes during this period were:
• Metal dust, such as aluminum, magnesium and some forms • Animal food manufacturing
of iron dusts • Sawmills
• Wood dust • Wood manufacturing (e.g., cut-stock, re-sawing and planing)
• Coal and other carbon dusts, including carbon black • Agricultural processing facilities (e.g., grain and field beans)
• Plastic dust, phenolic resins and additives
• Rubber dust Changes to Targeted Industries
• Biosolids Several industries with a higher likelihood of having combus-
• Other organic dust, such as sugar, flour, paper, soap and tible dust hazards (e.g., more than five inspections and greater
dried blood than 50% of the inspections with combustible dust hazards) or
• Certain textile materials experienced combustible dust-related fatalities/catastrophes
were added to the NEP:
• 311812 – Commercial Bakeries
• 325910 – Printing Ink Manufacturing
• 321912 – Cut Stock, Resawing Lumber and Planning
• 316110 – Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing
• 321214 – Truss Manufacturing
• 424510 – Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers
Industries with a lower likelihood of having combustible dust

hazards and a lower number of potential workers exposed were
removed from the NEP:
• 22112 – Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation
• 311821 – Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing
• 325810 – Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing
• 326121 – Unlaminated Plastic Profile Shape Manufacturing
• 335932 – Noncurrent Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing
• 337920 – Blind and Shade Manufacturing
The NEP does not replace the grain handling facility directive,
CPL 02-01-004. However, operations involving grain process-
In January 2023, OSHA issued a revised Combustible Dust National ing that are outside the scope of that directive may be covered
Emphasis Program (NEP), CPL 03-00-008, which replaces its March 2008 under the combustible dust directive.
directive. (photo courtesy Adobe Stock Images)
The NEP may apply to facilities covered under the Process Safety
What Prompted the Changes? Management (PSM) standard that generate or handle combus-
OSHA revised and reissued the NEP based on enforcement tible dusts, except for PSM-covered explosives and pyrotechnic
history and combustible dust incident reports. The agency con- facilities.
ducted more than 2,500 combustible dust inspections in fiscal
years 2013 to 2017 and found 3,389 combustible dust violations What’s Required?
during this period. The top five industries with combustible Combustible dusts are fine particles that present an explosion
dust hazards were: hazard when suspended in air under certain conditions. Almost

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Combustible Dust Safety Training
any material that will burn in air in a solid form has the ability • Use grounding, bonding and other methods to dissipate
to catch fire and explode as a dust. Under certain conditions, any electrostatic charge that could be generated while dust
even materials that do not burn when in larger form, such as moves through ductwork.
aluminum or iron, can explode or catch fire as a dust. The force • Ensure electrically-powered devices (e.g., vacuum cleaners)
from such an explosion can cause employee deaths, injuries and and equipment are approved for the hazard classification for
destruction of entire buildings. Such incidents have killed scores Class II locations.
of employees and injured hundreds over the past few decades. • Select and use powered industrial trucks (e.g., forklifts) that
are approved for combustible dust locations.
Although OSHA doesn’t have a standard specific to combustible • Implement and comply with the company’s Hot Work
dust, several general industry regulations, such as Ventilation Permit program.
(1910.94), Sawmills (1910.265) and Grain Handling Facilities • Smoke only in designated areas.
(1910.272), address certain aspects of combustible dust hazards. • Install and maintain dust-containment systems, if necessary,
Regardless of industry: and ensure they do not allow fugitive dusts to accumulate
• Train employees to recognize and prevent the hazards in the work area.
associated with combustible dust. • Locate dust collection systems outside or in specially
• Follow the specific OSHA requirements for your operations designed areas.
and industry. • Install separator devices to remove foreign materials capable
• List the possible sources of dust in the workplace and areas of igniting combustible dusts.
of accumulation. Check safety data sheets (SDSs) for the • Direct explosion venting away from employees.
materials used in the facility that might become combustible • Develop a facility emergency action plan and train
dust under normal operations. employees on it.
• Ensure working surfaces are designed to minimize the • Properly mark and maintain emergency exit routes.
buildup of dusts.
• Follow good housekeeping programs to prevent the Be Prepared
buildup of dust, emphasizing regular cleaning of floors and During an inspection, compliance officers will make observa-
horizontal surfaces (e.g., pipes, hoods, ledges and beams). tions and verifications concerning the above list and will review
the following to determine whether fire, flash fire, deflagration
www.NASPweb.com or explosion hazards exist:

• Plant history of fires and explosions
1 . 800 . 922 . 2219 • Safety data sheets (SDSs)
Certified Safety Manager

• Electrical area classification drawings/documents
• Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA) conducted by the employer
or independent evaluator
September 18-22, 2023
Raleigh, NC Employers should investigate any activity that creates dust
. Reduce Injuries and Illnesses in the Workplace to determine if there’s a risk that the dust is combustible. By
following the recommendations above, you can be prepared in
. Qualify Yourself to Provide In-House Training the event of an inspection.
. Save Thousands on Outside Consultants
. Avoid Civil and Criminal Liability About the Author:
Rachel Krubsack joined J. J. Keller
. Meet ANSI Z490.1 Train-the-Trainer & Associates, Inc. in 2010 and is an
Requirements Environmental, Health and Safety
. Gain 4.0 Valuable CEUs (EHS) Editor. She edits two manuals,
OSHA Rules for General Industry and
CERTIFIED SAFETY MANAGER Hazard Communication Compliance, as
well as answering questions from sub-
scribers, and contributes content for other publications, including
Safety Management Suite and Compliance Network. Rachel’s
topics of expertise include hazard communication, hearing con-
servation, training requirements, bloodborne pathogens and
emergency action plans.
Want to contribute to IHW? Contact Barbara Nessinger,

Editor-In-Chief, bnessinger@workplacemhs.com

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SAMPLING SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT RENTALS

Vision/Eye Protection
Choose the Best

Safety Glasses for the Job
Your eyes are your only exposed internal organ, and they cannot rigorous battery of tests to ensure ongoing manufacturing qual-
be replaced. With the loss of just one eye, we completely lose ity and performance. Such tests will include optical clarity,
our depth perception, leading to increased chance of additional impact protection and rating, UV protection, splash, durability,
injuries and a lowered quality of life—and we become more ignition resistance, etc., by a third party—above and beyond the
reliant on others for essential daily tasks. minimum requirements. This allows companies doing business
in both the U.S. and Canada to offer a standardized program
According to Versant Health, more than 2,000 individuals for employees.
injure their eyes at work each day. Approximately 10-20% of
work-related eye injuries cause temporary or permanent vision Find Comfortable Safety Glasses
loss. More than 78% of individuals did not wear protective Comfort is critical: If your safety glasses don’t fit properly or
eyewear at the time of the injury. are uncomfortable in any way, it is highly likely you won’t wear
them. This most commonly occurs when employees remove their
The good news? Eye protection programs are among the easiest eye protection and expose themselves to surrounding hazards.
to implement, and the market is saturated with various options.
With so many options on the market, here is everything you The most common discomfort issues include:
need to consider when selecting the appropriate eye/face pro- • Temple arms that pinch along the side of the head
tection for your specific job application. at the temple area, around and behind the ear
• Glasses which don’t fit comfortably or
securely on the bridge of your nose
• Frames that don’t follow the contour
of your face shape or size
• Safety glasses that become irritating with other
PPE that is being worn, i.e., hard hats, hearing
protection, respiratory or face masks
Here are some design features to maximize comfort when

choosing the best safety glasses for your crew:
• Telescopic temple arms
• Rubberized temple tips
• Rubberized nose bridge
Hydro linemen particularly benefit from the use of polarized safety • Optical clarity
glasses to help reduce depth perception issues as they are looking • Scratch-resistant
upwards towards dangerous, electrified hydro lines. (photo courtesy • Spring-loaded
Dentec Safety)
temple arms
• Articulating
Meet the ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 Standard temple arms
In order to ensure your employees are properly protected, make • Lightweight
sure to use eye protection that is tested to and meets the most • Variety of lens shades/ Employees seek stylish
current edition of the ANSI Z87.1 standard. There is also a options; anti-fog, polarized, etc. safety glasses just as they
higher level of impact-protection testing in the standard that • Bi-focal/diopters would for prescription
glasses. (photo courtesy
tests an eye protector at a higher velocity. • Prescription insert Dentec Safety)
Products that are marked with a (+) symbol are tested to the Stylish Safety
higher velocity and marked Z87.1 (+). You may also consider Glasses Can Make a Difference
selecting eye protection that is certified to the latest CSA Z94.3- It may come as a surprise to employers, but one of the most
20 as an added measure of insurance. important considerations for an employee is the style of the
safety glasses. Employees are seeking stylish safety glasses just
By selecting safety glasses with a CSA Z94.3:20 certification, as they would for prescription glasses. They want to look good
you’re ensuring eye protection that has been subjected to a on the job and, over the past couple of decades, fashion is just

Before selecting your safety glasses, it is critical to conduct a hazard
assessment to help determine the injury risks within your applications
to determine the appropriate safety glasses or face protection. (photo
courtesy Dentec Safety)
as important as safety for workers that are required to wear eye

protection and PPE every day.
Consider Anti-Fog Safety Glasses

One of the leading reasons employees remove their eye
protection is due to excessive fogging and visibility issues.
Manufacturers across the industry have been making signifi-
cant investments in improving anti-fog safety glasses. Whether
this is through coatings directly applied to the glasses through
the manufacturing process; creams and sprays applied to the EMERGENCY SAFETY SOLUTIONS
safety eyewear upon usage; or using anti-fog cloths and wipes
throughout the day—all of these techniques can greatly reduce
fogging and improve employee compliance in wearing chosen
eye protection.
Further Considerations: Hazards

PERFORMANCE,
Before selecting your safety glasses, it is critical to conduct a
hazard assessment to help determine the injury risks within
MEET SAFETY
your applications to determine the appropriate safety glasses
or face protection. Typical hazards include: Bradley provides an unparalleled variety of
industrial solutions and depth of expertise.
Projectiles: Safety glasses were originally designed for the risk
of projectiles. Flying objects, like a piece of metal, can pierce Our comprehensive line of tepid water
the cornea and eyeball and, possibly, cause the loss of an eye. products for safety eye/face wash and
drench shower applications ensure the 15
The hazard assessment here is identifying if there is something
that could impact the eyes or face at a hazardous velocity and minute flush required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.
putting a barrier in between. This is the most common hazard With reliable, effective safety products that
and the number-one reason safety glasses are required for most are available when and where you need
applications. Even a job as familiar as mowing a lawn has a pro-
jectile hazard risk, and proper eye protection should be worn. them, Bradley is the name to trust.
Emergency Safety Solutions. Brought to Life.
Dust or debris: Foam-lined safety glasses are growing quickly
in popularity, mainly because most employers have recognized
projectile protection as a leading hazard. But dust and debris
can get behind non-foam lined safety glasses and cause irrita-
tion and injury to the user. In particular, outdoor applications
are quite susceptible to these injuries, because wind can kick
up a lot of dust, dirt and debris—especially in construction or bradleycorp.com/halo
oil & gas working environments.
UV protection & glare: Whenever working outdoors, UV

protection is an important factor. If you’re not wearing UV
May/June 2023 23
Vision/Eye Protection
protection in the sun, you put yourself at high Acid splash and chemicals can burn the cornea,
risk of cornea damage, cataracts and macular the conjunctiva (white coat on the eye) and the
eyelid, possibly causing a loss of sight. Protecting
degeneration. Being able to combine both the eyes and face from this type of hazard is
fashion and function specifically for UV is an critical. (photo courtesy Dentec Safety)
important consideration.
Glare can make it difficult to see and can cause extreme fatigue chemical splash goggles with an indirect vent is the ultimate
to the eye, especially if you are on the road all day. Drivers in liquid splash defense.
experience a lot of glares year-round, whether from the heat
on pavement or the sun glare off snow/ice. Polarized safety On top of eye and face protection, if chemical splash or spray
glasses are fashionable, and they reduce glare from these sce- is a hazard, you will also need an emergency eyewash station
narios. Safety glasses for drivers add another layer of proven within your working environment.
protection while performing duties other than driving. Whether
a forklift driver or someone making deliveries, chances are [Editor’s Note: This article first appeared as a blog
they are performing tasks on and off machines, or in and out post on Dentec Safety’s website. For the original, go
vehicles, where projectiles could be present—so a safety glass to: https://dentecsafety.com/usa/blog/2023/01/30/
that does double duty is critical. (Hydro linemen particularly how-to-choose-the-best-safety-glasses-for-the-job/]
benefit from the use of polarized safety glasses to help reduce
depth perception issues as they are looking upwards towards
dangerous, electrified hydro lines.) FURTHER RESOURCES:
» Check out the full CSA Z94.3-20 standards at https://
Splash and/or chemical spray: Acid splash and chemicals can
www.csagroup.org/store/product/CSA Z94.3:20/
burn the cornea, the conjunctiva (white coat on the eye) and
» See more information on ANSI /ISEA Z87.1-2020
the eyelid, possibly causing a loss of sight. With this type of
at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/PPEInfo/Standards/
hazard, it is best practice to wear multiple types of eye and
Info/ANSI/ISEAZ8712020
face protection for maximum safety. Incorporating the use of
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Respiratory Protection & Fit-Testing
By: Rob Brauch, Contributor
Advances in
Respiratory Protection
Program Management
& Fit-Testing Systems
Photo courtesy Accutec
When practicing industrial hygiene, many forms of instru- data to support the result. Sounds an awful lot like the early
mentation are used. Most measure some physical or chemical days of industrial hygiene, right?
agent in real-time, for exposure assessment and adherence to
regulated action levels, permissible exposure limits, STELs and When performing quantitative fit testing of tight-fitting respi-
ceiling levels. Some warn workers of an IDLH hazard, such as rators, whether SCBA, full- or half-facepiece elastomeric, or an
dangerous concentrations of toxic or explosive materials. N95 or similar single-use filtering facepiece, fit test instruments
make the determination of pass/fail status of the worker and
Instruments for EH&S measure to performance standards their assigned respirator, based on the “fit factor.”
approved by ANSI, IEC or ISO to prove they meet accuracy,
repeatability and precision expectations. For nearly 50 years, This is why many EH&S professionals came to rely on
they have electronically stored data and provide detailed quantitative fit test devices for an objective pass/fail assess-
“time-history” records of the exposure. Imagine the time before ment—automatically recorded on the machine. But the machine
that, when IH instruments only gave readings that had to be is in fact an instrument—performing real-time measurements
written down on paper—using archaic utensils like pens! using sound, scientific measurement principles.
Over time, most IH instruments evolved into systems, including Factoring in Fit Factor
software to capture and graph the exposure profiles; document The fit factor is a direct measurement of seal leakage (when
regulatory compliance metrics; and analyze how engineering using the constant negative pressure [CNP] or method), or
and/or administrative controls could be implemented in place it’s a ratio of the actual number of respirable particles in the
of PPE for high-exposure operations.
Yet not all measurement instruments used

by industrial hygienists exist for personal
exposure assessments or area measurement
of toxic or explosive gases and dusts. A good
example is found in the management of a
respiratory protection program (RPP) and
the instruments that perform fit testing for
OSHA compliance to ensure the respirator
issued to your employee is the correct size
and model—and is proven to be effective and
protective.
OSHA still allows the manual labor-inten-

sive, subjective qualitative method to be used.
Qualitative fit-testing relies on the person
administering the test to observe subjects’
response, as well as write down that the test
was performed at a certain date, time and Early fit-testing programs only documented exposure and compliance, but they’re capable
place. The result is only “pass or fail” with no of performing deeper analysis today. © littlewolf1989 - stock.adobe.com

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Respiratory Protection & Fit-Testing
Use of advanced
software programs
for respiratory
protection program
management adds
value for program
improvement
initiatives. (photo
courtesy Accutec)
ambient environment compared to the number of particles that

are sampled inside the respirator while being worn (called the
condensation particle counting method).
Both methods are approved by OSHA and utilize physical

exercise protocols compliant with CFR 1910.134, although it
should be noted that only the CPC method is able to test N95
and other types of filtering facepiece respirators in use around
the world (e.g., FFP series respirators).
Program Management Evolution

We know software is playing a far greater role today in IH © phuangphech
program management. A good example is in hearing conserva- - stock.adobe.com
tion—where exposure assessment data and medical surveillance It’s safe to say that no major advances have been made in soft-
data (i.e., audiograms) are being integrated more than ever. ware as an effective recordkeeping and management tool since
quantitative fit test instruments came into being. Cosmetic
Early programs only documented exposure and compliance, but improvements were made over the years but without real gains
they’re more capable of performing deeper analysis today. Many in utility and functionality—especially where better mainte-
provide management-level data aggregation for identification nance and continuity of records is concerned.
of at-risk cohort groups and allow comparison of effectiveness
of controls and proper use of different types of PPE at sites All too often, fit test records are kept compartmentalized—
performing similar operations. stored away on individual PCs or USB sticks that get lost or
fail—or get printed and kept in a file cabinet…somewhere.
Some go so far as to interface directly with master EH&S data- Often, employees leave, and “things happen.”
base systems that are either proprietary to the employer’s IT
infrastructure or get stored on one of the many available ven- A well-architected approach to the software environment could
dor-hosted EH&S Enterprise platforms. As a result, HCPs are be taken that will propel best practice in respiratory protection
becoming much more effective. into the modern era. New developments just over the horizon
will pull fit test recordkeeping and individual data together in
Advanced Software Advantages much the same way as has been done in other areas of industrial
RPPs and HCPs are quite similar at the program level, both hygiene—and innovative suppliers will lead the way. Advances
with medical screening info, known exposure to hazards and could include how fit test operators obtain better guidance on
PPE effectiveness being interdependent elements that should be how to administer the test and obtain faster access to the tools
monitored and documented. Thus, it seems logical that using they need to do their job quickly, while still doing it properly.
advanced software programs for RPP management is desirable
and adds value for program improvement initiatives. With support integration at the enterprise level and flexible
hosting options, respiratory program managers and EH&S
Yet, in this writer’s opinion, this aspect of respiratory program directors will get much better control over how, when and why
management has been overlooked and is ready for some real tests are performed and gain deeper insight into which models
advances. It could be that, since fit testing often is only per- of RPE fit best. Getting actionable data for continuous program
formed once a year, less thought is given to how the records improvement will save time, as well as the health and lives of
are kept and how they are utilized. But, if we dig a little deeper at-risk workers. The current state of RPP software options will
into how software could be the cornerstone of an effective RPP, fade in the rearview, as the coming future state truly drives best
it uncovers many areas for improvement. practice into realm of possibility.

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Hearing Protection
By: Robert M. Traynor, Ed.D., MBA, FNAP and Garry G. Gordon, M.S., Contributors
New Hearing Protection Options

for Workers With Hearing Loss
In today’s global environment, the ramifications of excessive significant hearing loss is much greater than with younger
noise exposure could not be more apparent. According to the workers. In most cases, younger workers can use traditional
World Health Organization (WHO), unaddressed hearing loss hearing protection devices (HPDs), while older workers with
is the third most common health disability—ahead of diabetes, a hearing loss may require filtered or electronic devices that
vision loss or cancer. The two primary factors causing hearing provide situational awareness.
loss are excessive noise exposure and aging-related presbycusis.1
Situational Awareness and HPDs
Traditionally, reaching 65 years of age meant a person had Situational awareness is described as an acoustical awareness of
become an “old timer,” ready for retirement. Due to better environmental surroundings, as being able to detect, recognize
healthcare and knowledge of successful medical treatments, the and identify the source of the sound. Hearing warn-
21st century finds people working longer and, simultaneously, ing sounds from alarms or machinery in addition
experiencing hearing loss due to aging in addition to excessive to localizing environmental sounds is a critical
noise exposure. In a study2 of 83,000 subjects that compared concern for the safety of
people who retired to those who worked past age 65, those who the employees, as well
worked past age 65 were about three times more likely to report as for those who work
good health and about half as likely to have serious health prob- near them.
lems, such as cancer, heart disease or severe hearing loss. The
number of workers over age 65 has been increasing for some Various types
of filtered
time. According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), from and unfiltered
1977 to 2007 there was a 101% increase in employed people who passive HPDs.
were over the age of 65.3 Image courtesy
of E.A.R. Inc.
Not all Baby Boomers are itching to retire. Because a substan-
tial portion of the U.S. workforce is older, it is imperative to One way of preserving situational awareness but maintaining
recognize the possibilities that one of the potential issues in this hearing protection is to attenuate (reduce) damaging noise.
group can be a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. However, too much attenuation has long been recognized as a
serious concern in industrial, military and recreational hearing
The Plight of Workers with Hearing Loss conservation. Over-attenuating may contribute to employees
Among all noise-exposed workers, 19% have a level of hearing being unable to adequately communicate with coworkers or
impairment that impacts day-to-day activities, such as under- hear critical sounds, such as alarms or equipment noise, result-
standing speech and enjoying routine activities. The incidence ing in modifying the fit of the assigned HPD.
of hearing loss in the U.S. is well known.
Passive HPDs can be frustrating for the hearing-impaired seek-
Figure 1 shows data4 suggesting that, due to a combination of ing to preserve their hearing. Active HPDs have been proven
possible previous noise exposure complicated by presbycusis to offer great benefit to both those with normal hearing and
(old age hearing loss), the likelihood of older workers with a those with a noticeable hearing impairment. Options include
filtered ear protection, in addition to digital electronic devices
that amplify critical sounds while attenuating loud sounds,
such as wind or impact sounds. For employees with moderate
to severe hearing loss, if they are not programmable, they can
contribute to poorer hearing.
These researchers state that, when substantial hearing impair-

ment is present, especially in the case of hearing aid users,
decisions regarding employment in noisy occupations and/or
the use of hearing protection are not clear cut. This has always
been the view of OSHA and industrial audiology consultants,

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Hearing Protection
facilitate its use in both modes: as a hearing aid and as an HPD.

These instruments usually begin as a lower technology device
but may be upgraded by audiologists and hearing aid dispensers
as necessary, to offer premium technology through a simple
upgrade. One study5 found that those experiencing tinnitus
(ringing in the ears) had a reduction in the problem 65% of the
time when wearing hearing aids.
In summary, there are more individuals today working in noisy

industrial environments or enjoying recreational activities past
the age of 65. Fortunately, there are now multifunctional hear-
ing aids that can be incorporated to allow them to continue
Various types of active HPDs. Image courtesy of E.A.R. Inc.
as standard hearing aids are not designed to be used as an ear

protector.
HPD Solution: Moderate-to-Severe Hearing Loss

Just in time for the increasingly numerous older workers and
those that have noisy recreational activities, new technology
has become available that makes special hearing aids multi-
functional. They can now be programmed to an individual’s
hearing loss and modified to work well as an ear protector. E.A.R. Inc. multifunctional hearing
aid. Image courtesy of E.A.R. Inc.
Basically, these devices use special ear couplings to the ear to
Safety Solutions for Unique Needs
AIHce Booth #332

Safety 23 Booth #1008
Standing Mats Handy Mats

888-456-3372 • www.safeworker.com
working or enjoying noisy hobbies. While they are not the 5. Kochkin, S., Tyler, R. (2008). Tinnitus Treatment and the
over-the-counter type of hearing devices, multifunctional pro- Effectiveness of Hearing Aids: Hearing Care Professional
gramable instruments are a reality, enabling better hearing Perceptions, Hearing Review. 15(13), pp.14-18.
and improved safety for those with moderate-to-severe hear-
ing loss. About the Authors
Robert M. Traynor, Ed.D., MBA, FNAP, is a board-certified
References Audiologist with 46 years of clinical practice in audiology. He
1. WHO (2021). World Report on Hearing is a hearing industry consultant, trainer, professor, confer-
2. Kachan D, Fleming LE, Christ S, Muennig P, Prado G, ence speaker, practice manager, author and head of Robert
Tannenbaum SL, et al. (2015). Health Status of Older US Traynor Audiology, LLC in Ft Collins, CO. https://roberttraynor
Workers and Nonworkers, National Health Interview audiology.com/
Survey, 1997–2011.
3. www.bls.gov/spotlight/2008/older_workers/ Garry G. Gordon, M.S. is Audiologist /CEO of E.A.R., Inc., in
4. Hoffman H., Dobie R., Losonczy K., Themann C., Flamme, Boulder CO. He has served more than 4,000 major medical, audi-
G. (2016). Declining Prevalence of hearing loss in US ological, recreational and industrial accounts around the world
Adults aged 20-69 Yeats. JAMA Otolaryngology – Head & and has trained a 500+ member network of hearing protection
Neck Surgery, Chicago, Il. providers. https://earinc.com/
RECOMMENDED READING
• BLS 2008 report: Older workers: Are there more older people in the workplace?
• Loudenback, T. (2019). Millions of Americans are working past 65, and it’s not because they can’t afford to retire. Insider,
Retrieved February 20, 2023.
• Maestas, N. (2018). Working later in life can pay off in more than just income. Staying Healthy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
Help prevent workplace hearing loss

with noise measurement solutions from Scantek.
Monitoring workplace noise is essential for protecting workers from unnecessary
hearing loss. Scantek provides the expertise, support, and solutions to help you
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Scantek workplace environment safety solutions include:
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May/June 2023 33
Listen Up! From the NHCA Experts… © New Africa - stock.adobe.com
By: Elizabeth A. Masterson, Contributor
Hearing Loss Prevention

Protects More than Hearing
There is a general recognition of the
FIGURE 1: HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS.a
importance of hearing and the need to
protect it. However, hearing loss pre-
vention protects so much more than
hearing.
As hearing is degraded, many areas of

life are affected. Communication dete-
riorates, and relationships can suffer.
Hearing loss is associated with cognitive
decline and cardiovascular outcomes,
such as hypertension and coronary
heart disease. It is also strongly associ-
ated with depression. Tinnitus (ringing
in the ears), which often co-occurs with
hearing loss, can disrupt sleep and con-
centration and is associated with both
depression and anxiety. Workers with
hearing loss are also at higher risk for
injuries on and off the job. a
From https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/noise.html
The impact of hearing loss on finances

is often overlooked. Workers who cannot effectively commu- hearing hazards of noise and ototoxic chemicals are provided
nicate are less likely to be promoted, and workers with hearing in detail. With so much more to lose, hearing loss prevention
loss often suffer career decrements. Income is typically lower should be a priority.
among these workers than among workers with normal hear-
ing. Workers who develop profound hearing loss may have [To view the motivational videos discussed in this article, go
to leave the workforce entirely, especially in hearing-critical to: https://nhc.memberclicks.net/hearing-is-quality-of-life]
occupations.
Elizabeth A. Masterson is a National Institute for Occupational
Other costs include hearing aids and healthcare for Safety and Health (NIOSH) Research Epidemiologist and
the conditions discussed earlier, such as heart prob- National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) Expert.
lems and mental health. To highlight the impact of Visit NHCA at: https://www.hearingconservation.org/
hearing loss on quality of life and encourage prevention, the
NORA Hearing Loss Prevention Cross-Sector Council pro- Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this
duced the first in a series of short motivational videos, hosted by report are those of the authors and do not neces-
NHCA. They feature conversations with noise-exposed workers sarily represent the official position of the National
who have experienced hearing loss and/or tinnitus. Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Fortunately, occupational hearing loss can be prevented. NIOSH
has produced new hearing loss prevention guidance, using the
hierarchy of controls (see image). Actions that workers, employ-
ers and safety professionals can take to prevent exposures to the

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Environmental Protection & Monitoring
By: Tim Turney, Contributor
Construction Boundary Monitoring:

Protecting Workforces & Communities
© Roman_23203 - stock.adobe.com
Construction dust can compromise air quality; environmental for noise control rests with State and local governments, the
noise pollution can be harmful to workers and local residents; act ensures that Federal action deals with major noise sources
and excessive vibration can have damaging consequences. Site in commerce, control of which requires national uniformity
management has a duty of care to protect against potentially of treatment.
dangerous conditions. However, this can be challenging to
manage without reliable data streams and instrumentation In New York, a city under constant renovation and construc-
that gathers environmental information. Consequently, more tion, the Noise Code mandates that all construction must be
companies are turning to boundary monitoring technology to conducted in accordance with noise mitigation plans that
measure the risks and ensure they adhere to environmental address the specific location, type of work and timing of a
limits and guidelines. project. Sites must be able to provide evidence of compliance
and maintain their reputations, and local communities must be
Site boundary or “fence line” monitoring is used widely on considered. For example, when construction activity is planned
construction sites and other high-risk locations, including near locations such as schools, hospitals and houses of worship,
demolition projects, mines and quarries, and environmental the party responsible for construction is expected to design their
remediation sites. Boundary monitoring units are set up on noise mitigation plan to be sensitive to its neighbors. If noise
the exterior perimeter of the worksite to monitor for poten- complaints are received, an inspector will ensure the contractor
tial hazards that might cause compliance issues for the site or has posted the plan and that it is being followed. To achieve
present a health risk to site neighbors. It is an essential part of compliance, site monitoring must be recorded and reported
the safety and risk management ecosystem of these sites, and upon, and action taken if limits are exceeded.
it helps control and mitigate potential environmental, health
and reputational risks. If complaints arise, responsible companies using boundary
monitoring have proof points to show they have been diligent
Identifying Potential Hazards with their monitoring in operations and abiding by operational
Hazards that are typically monitored for include excess levels requirements. Data evidence from a boundary moni-
of dust, noise, vibration and, in some cases, volatile toring system is also helpful if a worksite is accused
organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs include a variety of issues caused by another operation—allowing
of chemicals, some of which may have short- and site managers to respond rapidly, minimizing rep-
long-term adverse health effects. If these are present utational damage.
on a site or work their way into soil or groundwater,
they can present a hazard to future development or Ensuring Accuracy
remediation of a worksite or property. Understanding how to mount any environmental
monitor is essential to obtain accurate results. For
Achieving Compliance example, noise monitors should not be mounted
There are stringent legal and environmental controls
surrounding levels of noise, dust and vibration that Combined boundary monitoring solutions, such as the
construction projects cannot exceed. For example, Casella Guardian 2, can continually measure conditions
on or around a worksite and provide customizable,
in the U.S., the Noise Control Act of 1972 establishes automated reports—thus allowing managers to
a national policy to promote an environment for all check data streams across multiple units and multiple
Americans free from noise that jeopardizes their sites remotely. (photo courtesy Casella Solutions)
health and welfare. While primary responsibility

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Environmental Protection & Monitoring
against flat surfaces, because this will result in noise levels being monitors and data sources. Alerts can be sent instantly via
overestimated. Any microphone should be above hoardings, text, allowing sites to monitor levels around-the-clock and
with a clear line of sight to the nearest receptor. Inlets for any react quickly to reduce levels of dust or noise that exceed set
real-time dust measurements should also be clear of obstacles limits and mitigate potential negative outcomes. This gives site
and be mounted away from buildings, ideally between 1.5-4 managers a reliable data source that can be accessed any time.
meters above the ground. When measuring vibration, the sensor
should be mounted to a concrete plinth firmly attached to the Daily, weekly or monthly reports can be sent directly to an email
creativepro.com
ground to ensure accurate measurements. inbox in graphical or tablature format and can even be supplied
directly to local authority or environmental organizations—get-
Taking Advantage of Combined Solutions ting ahead of potential site visits from inspectors. If possible,
A variety of different monitoring solutions can be employed baseline conditions should be established by testing before the
and combined to give a full picture of site emissions and risks. start of operations and continued throughout the operation to
Increasingly, project managers and occupational hygienists observe site emissions and ensure compliance with planning
are turning to combined solutions that continually measure conditions. Having access to real-time, near-reference data can
conditions on or around a worksite and provide customiz- help save site managers time, ensure environmental incidents
able, automated reports—thus allowing managers to check are prevented and keep more people safe.
data streams across multiple units and multiple sites remotely.
About the Author:
Tim Turney is Global Marketing Manager at Casella and gradu-
ated as an engineer from Queen Mary and Westfield in London.
Since starting at Casella in 1998, Tim has been involved in the
acoustics and air sampling industry, specializing in measure-
ment and instrumentation technologies. Casella is dedicated
to reducing occupational health and environmental risks and
supporting businesses in solving their monitoring and analysis
needs. For more information about Casella’s noise monitoring
solutions visit, https://www.casellasolutions.com.
Are You Aware of our Three

“Workplace” Publications?
Print. Digital. Thought Leadership. A Combo.
Site boundary or “fence line” monitoring is an essential part of the safety
and risk management ecosystem of various construction sites; it helps Reach these different industries:
control and mitigate potential environmental, health and reputational
risks. (photo courtesy Adobe Stock Images)
» Chemicals
» Construction
» Distribution Centers
Site managers are busy people, so less frequent manual main- » Food & Beverage
tenance of environmental monitors is key. Having a single unit » Manufacturing/Industrial
that can measure parameters such as noise, dust and vibration » Metals
means only one unit to install—and one set of software with » Oil & Gas/Petro/Refineries
which to interact and learn—making the process easier and » Rubber & Plastics
saving time. Once units are installed at a site boundary, they » Technology
need very little interaction; “set it and forget it,” as the phrase » Transportation Mfg
goes. They enact monitoring 24/7 without input, running either » Warehousing
from mains, battery or even solar-powered configurations. » Water/Wastewater
Preventing Issues with Surrounding Residents

Contact Randy at 586-227-9344
Users can receive automatically generated, customized reports
or randy@rdgmedia.net
to a set schedule or when specific emissions limits are reached,
to see how we can put the right
preventing issues with surrounding residents and subsequent
one to work for your company.
complaints to authorities. Limits can be used to trigger preven-
tative measures, such as dust suppression.
Managers only need to check a single unit or combined data

report, which is a more efficient method than checking multiple

• Increase worker efficiency with remote collaboration tools
• Proactively change behaviors and optimize safety through data analytics
• Real time location monitoring of workers in duress leads to a safer workforce &
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800 754-5165
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5
Rentals/Gas Detection
By: Jason Wright, Contributor
Five Reasons to Rent Gas

Detection Equipment
As the year kicks into high gear, your facility might have to per-
form a shutdown or turnaround. It can be extra challenging to
maintain safety standards during shutdowns due to disruptions
to standard routines, extra workers on site and atmospheric
hazards that you might not normally encounter—including
oxygen deficiency and combustible or toxic gases.
Whether your team has planned for an upcoming turnaround,

outage or shutdown, or whether it’s unexpected, evaluating
your gas detector fleet and making sure that you have all the
equipment you need for the project—from beginning to end—
is essential. However, most companies don’t keep enough gas
detectors on-hand for the influx of workers.
Renting gas detection equipment is the most efficient way to

quickly obtain the safety equipment you need to ensure team
safety, hazard visibility and more.
Whether your team has an upcoming turnaround, outage or shutdown,
Here are five reasons you should consider renting gas detectors or whether it’s unexpected, evaluating your gas detector fleet and
this year: making sure that you have all the equipment you need for the project is
essential. (photo courtesy Adobe Stock Images)
1. Save Money
Get the equipment you need at a fraction of the price. With 4. Variety to Fit Your Unique Application
rental gas detectors, you can protect your team without com- Suppliers can carry all the equipment you need for your turn-
mitting to the long-term expenses or responsibilities associated around or unique application—from personal monitors to an
with purchasing. area monitoring system with peer-to-peer wireless commu-
nication and live monitoring software. Some companies even
Alternatives to renting, like expanding your fleet with new offer full accessory lines that include probes, spare battery
devices or purchasing disposable gas monitors, have hidden packs, docking stations and other parts, so you have the right
expenses that cost you more in the long run. If you only plan to equipment for any application—rather than relying on a one-
use the spare gas monitors for special projects, it doesn’t make size-fits-all solution.
sense to budget for the large capital expense of purchasing or
maintenance costs throughout the year. 5. Ready-to-Use Monitors
When your team is jumping into a special project, especially
2. Quick Delivery an unexpected one, their time is valuable. Rental gas monitors
Get back up and running more quickly during unexpected arrive pre-calibrated and come with calibration certificates, so
events. In most cases, the gas detectors you need can be read- you can count on their accuracy without adding another task
ied and delivered the very next day. This is ideal for shutdowns to anyone’s to-do list. Some personal and area monitors can
that may arise immediately. You don’t need to delay the job or easily connect to one another for peer-to-peer alarm sharing
sacrifice worker safety, if rentals arrive at your facility as soon and live data-monitoring —without IT set-up—so workers can
as you need them. clock in knowing their gas detectors are ready to go.
3. Flexible Rental Terms What to Ask Before You Rent

You can’t always predict how long you’ll need spare equipment. Now that you’ve explored the five reasons why you should
Shutdowns and turnarounds can last anywhere from a few consider renting gas detection equipment, it’s important to
days to months, and your plans might change as the project understand that not all gas detector rental programs offer the
progresses. For that, you need a flexible timeline to ensure same benefits. If you do plan on renting, be sure to scope out
workers are always protected. the project and ask the right questions, including:

• When does the rental period start, and when does it end?
Some rental companies start the clock the day the equipment
leaves their facility; others start it the day it is received. The
length of the rental depends on the company you rent from;
however, some companies are also flexible about extending
rentals, which means you don’t need to rush projects to fit
your rental period.
• What is included with the gas detectors?
For example, if you’re getting a monitor with a rechargeable
battery, ask if the charger will be included.
• What gas detector accessories would be ideal for a given
application?
Ask the rental company about accessories that might make
the job easier and safer. For example, in confined spaces,
specific tubing and probes are required compared to other
gas detection applications.
• Do I need to pay for sensors that fail while in use?
Some rental companies make up the internal expenses of Many companies don’t keep enough gas detectors on-hand for the
maintaining their rental fleet by charging customers for influx of workers. Renting gas detection equipment is the most efficient
sensors that fail while in use, even if the sensors fail due to way to quickly obtain the safety equipment you need to ensure team
safety, hazard visibility and more. (photo courtesy ISC)
normal use.
• Are the monitors pre-calibrated?
Ask to have calibration certificates provided with each you have the equipment you need to protect every worker
rental unit. on-site without worrying about maintenance or committing
to a purchase. Renting your gas detection equipment is the
Whether you’re preparing for your upcoming turnarounds most efficient way to quickly obtain the safety equipment you
and shutdowns, or face an unplanned emergency, make sure need to ensure team safety, hazard visibility and more.
WORLD-CLASS RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Learn more about

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srsafety.com
May/June 2023 41
Sensor Technology
© Gorodenkoff - stock.adobe.com
By: Todd Hardwick, Contributor
Sensor Technology
for Peace of Mind
Industrial settings provide ample opportunities to put a work- A Photoionization Detector (PID) is a commonly used gas
er’s health and safety at risk. In 2021, the most recent data detection technique in industrial hygiene instruments to mea-
available, there were 5,190 fatal work injuries in the U.S., sure a wide variety of organic compounds and some inorganic
according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. gases in ambient air. When the gas level or VOC level becomes
too high, an alarm in the instrument goes off to tell the person
Equipment, policies and procedures need to come together to leave the space.
to ensure an overall safe environment for workers. A safe
workplace can boost employee retention and the company’s “These sensors are used in industrial hygiene applications, like
reputation, while unsafe conditions can lead to legal and finan- confined space monitors that are worn on your belt or lapel.
cial consequences for companies. It’s crucial workers have the This technology can save your life,” said AMETEK MOCON
tools necessary to ensure their safety and security on the job. Global Product Manager Todd Hardwick.
The Importance of Sensor Technology Convenient, Reliable Technology

Sensor technology is a first line of defense for workers, giving Workers need an instrument that includes a sensor providing
them peace of mind when they’re at risk from dangerous levels accurate, immediate results they can trust to protect their health
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The accuracy of that and safety.
technology is critical. Even at low concentration levels, VOCs
such as benzene pose a threat to workers in environments like “Companies are responsible for ensuring their workers have the
petrochemical refineries, where workers can be exposed to technology in place to safely complete their daily tasks. Having
VOCs through routine sampling and maintenance operations, a trusted partner provide high-quality safety equipment, uti-
surface spills and pipeline leaks. lizing accurate sensors, can give them peace of mind that their
workers are supported,” Hardwick stated.
Concentrations of VOCs can be up to 10 times higher indoors
than outdoors, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Equipment that contains sensors is subject to a number of
Agency. VOCs can quickly become deadly, but the primary certifications, and having a partner that’s knowledgeable in
concern is the negative health effects of long-term exposure to those certifications—while creating a unique solution to meet
VOCs. Health effects can include damage to the liver, kidneys the company’s needs—is key. Companies also need a partner
or central nervous system. who has a reliable supply chain, so they can quickly access new
sensors when needed.
PID sensors are small and discreet, so they can be used in equip-
ment that can be worn for safety monitoring while the worker
is in a confined space, such as a mine or a tank in a refinery.
They can weigh as little as 8g–ideal for workers who are at times
carrying equipment into confined spaces. Although they’re
small, these sensors commonly have detection limits of less
than 1ppm to upwards of 2,000ppm. Sensors and equip-
ment that contain them function for hours at a time every
day, and workers can count on them for daily protection.
Industrial sites can also present a range of difficult tem-

peratures and humid environments for workers, and quality
PID sensors are small and discreet, so they can be used in equipment
that can be worn for safety monitoring while the worker is in a confined sensors provide accurate measurements within that tempera-
space. (photo courtesy AMETEK MOCON) ture and humidity range. Workers need a sensor that can

continue to function accurately and reliably in high humidity,
alerting a user if hazardous levels of VOCs are detected.
Industry News
If something goes wrong at an industrial workplace, compa-
& Trends
nies need to have the safety pieces in place to quickly address at Your Fingertips
it. By equipping their workers with reliable sensor technology,
they’re taking steps to be prepared and potentially save workers’
lives.
Fast track to the content that will
help you day-to-day in your facility.
• Gas Detection
• Respiratory
• Hearing
• Welding
» Dust & Fume
Control
• Training/eLearning
A Photoionization Detector (PID) is a commonly used gas detection

technique in industrial hygiene instruments to measure a wide variety
of organic compounds and some inorganic gases in ambient air. (photo
courtesy AMETEK MOCON)
[Todd Hardwick is a Global Product Manager at AMETEK

MOCON. He has been in the sensors and instrumentations
industry for more than 30 years.] www.industrialhygienepub.com
20 th
Celebrating 20 Years As...
Anniversary The Leader in Low Level Gas Detection
For 20 years, DOD Technologies has supplied quality, low-level gas detection products and
services to industrial and commericial institutions. We still offer the most technologically-
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operations efficient. Visit us at DODtec.com to shop on-line or contact us today for a quote.
815-788-5200 solutions@dodtec.com DODtec.com

May/June 2023 43
Air Sampling
By: Aaron Apostolico, CIH, CSP, CIEC, Contributor
Calibration vs. Setting & Verifying

Flow Rates in Air Sampling
Air sampling is a critical process utilized in industries such
as environmental monitoring, industrial hygiene and public
health. It involves measuring the concentration of airborne con-
taminants to inform decisions about worker safety and public
health. In this article, we will discuss the difference between
the term “calibration” and the process of setting and verifying
flow rates in air sampling, and why it is important to follow best
practices to ensure accurate and reliable results.
Calibration of Electronic Flow Meters

Pump calibration is a term that is frequently misused in air
sampling. Calibration generally refers to the adjustment or
verification of the accuracy and precision of a measuring instru-
ment to an established standard, such as NIST. Electronic flow A traceable electronic flow meter setting the flow rate of a
meters are utilized in air sampling to set and verify the flow rate personal air sampling pump. (photo courtesy of Sensidyne, LP)
of a sampling pump. These flow meter devices should be cali-
brated to established, traceable standards for volume and time. This process is crucial to ensure that air samples are collected
at the desired flow rate, along with the necessary precision
The calibration of an electronic flow meter is done using equip- (e.g., +/-5%), and should be performed each time prior to air
ment with higher accuracy that has been demonstrated to be sample collection. Without following these best practices, errors
traceable to national can occur, and results can be inaccurate. Users should keep in
or international mete- mind that changing the pump to an alternate flow rate requires
orological standards. the pump’s values to once again be compared to that of the
flow meter.
Accredited organiza-
tions certified under Traceable vs. Non-Traceable Flow Meters
ISO/IEC 17011 are It’s worth noting that, in older documents, flow meters with
responsible for per- traceable calibrations have been referred to as “primary stan-
forming traceable dards” and those without as “secondary standards.” However,
calibration of equip- in metrology, a primary standard and secondary standard have
ment according to different definitions, so those terms should not be applied for
ISO/IEC 17025. devices used for setting and verifying flow rates.
A calibration For the purpose of calibrating an electronic flow meter, only

laboratory accredited traceable devices should be utilized, such as described in
to ISO 17025 standards. ASTM Standard D5337*. Nevertheless, either a traceable or
(photo courtesy of
non-traceable device can be utilized for setting the flow rate of
Sensidyne, LP)
a pump. There are several devices without traceable calibration
commonly used, such as a field rotameter. However, even the
Setting and Verifying Flow Rates rotameter requires calibration, and such calibration should be
Despite being often referred to as calibration, using an elec- at the same environmental conditions, in terms of temperature
tronic flow meter to set and verify the flow of a sample pump is and ambient pressure, where the sampling will be performed.
not the same as calibrating the pump itself. Setting the pump’s
flow rate is achieved by adjusting the speed of a motor, which * ASTM Standard D5337 - Standard Practice for Setting and
in turn adjusts the rate at which a volume of air is delivered. Verifying the Flow Rate of Personal Sampling
Once the motor speed is adjusted, the measured flow rate on the
electronic flow meter is compared with the desired or expected Importance of Proper Calibration
flow rate of the pump, and any necessary adjustments are made Ensuring accurate and reliable air sampling is critical for deter-
to the pump’s motor speed to align it with the desired flow rate. mining exposures and the appropriate responses to be taken.

A rotameter, without traceability,
setting the flow rate of a personal
air sampling pump. (photo
courtesy of Sensidyne, LP)
The consequences of an improper pump flow rate can lead to of the equipment being utilized to assess exposures. By under-
false-positive or false-negative results, which can have a signif- standing the differences between the calibrations of electronic
icant impact on worker safety or public health. Additionally, flow meters and following the best practices for setting and
using improperly calibrated equipment may result in regulatory verifying the flow rates of sampling pumps, organizations
compliance issues, leading to fines, legal action and reputa- can ensure that air samples are collected accurately—and that
tional harm. Therefore, it is essential to adhere to established results are reliable.
guidelines and regulations concerning flow meter calibration
and setting the flow rate on air sampling pumps. About the Author
Aaron Apostolico is a Certified Industrial Hygienist and the
Conclusion Product Applications & Research Manager with Sensidyne, LP.
In conclusion, setting and verifying pump flow rate is a critical He is responsible for Sensidyne’s Corporate IH program and
process in air sampling that ensures the accuracy and precision managing product applications across multiple business lines.
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Product Spotlight
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Stop-a-Ladder was designed to smallest 5-gas monitor
keep extension ladders from including standard 4
slipping on synthetic decking. confined space gases, and a
It is easy to use, affective, and 5th channel for infrared or
gives you piece of mind while toxic sensors.
using an extension ladder on
smooth/slippery surfaces. It has Equipped with Bluetooth
a strap to easily attach to the wireless communication,
bottom rung, and comes with the GX-3R Pro is compat-
a plastic case to keep the foam ible with RKI’s Connected
base clean. Worker Solution and has a
3-year warranty as standard.
Working Concepts, Inc. The Lithium-ion battery-pack continuously operates 25
PO Box 1345, Gresham, Oregon 97030 hours and passes a 21’ drop-test for toughness.
503-663-3374 • 888-456-3372 • Fax: 503-663-1437
E-mail: ask@softknees.com • www.softknees.com RKI Instruments, Inc.
33248 Central Ave. Union City, CA 94587
AIHce Booth #332 • Safety 23 Booth #1008 https://www.rkiinstruments.com/product/gx-3r-pro/
AIHCe Booth 1109 • ASSP Booth 1945

Industrial Scientific
When a chemical release threatens your
people, plant, and community, turn to Let us focus on your thoughts! Industrial Hygiene
SAFER One™. SAFER One is dynamic in the Workplace’s “Thought Leadership” column
plume modeling software that gives you is a great way to get the word out about a new
the real-time information you need to pinpoint the source, process, technology or approach that serves the
stop the leak, communicate effectively, and improve industrial hygiene space.
reporting.
Learn more at www.indsci.com/safer. For more information or to talk about participating

in an upcoming issue, contact Barbara Nessinger,
Visit us at AIHce EXP booth #927 or
Editor-In-Chief, bnessinger@workplacemhs.com.
ASSP Safety booth #1115

Advertisers Index
American Industrial Hygiene . . . 31 NASP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

www.aiha.org www.naspweb.com
Automation Direct . . . . . . . . . . 35 Nextteq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

www.automationdirect.com www.nextteq.com
Bowman Dispensers LLC . . . . . 15 Nilfisk, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

www.bowmandispensers.com http://www.nilfisk.us
Bradley Corporation . . . . . . . . . 23 OHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

www.bradleycorp.com www.ohdusa.com
Casella CEL Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 RKI Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

www.casellasolutions.com www.rkiinstruments.com
DOD Technologies Inc . . . . . . . 43 Scantek Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

www.dodtec.com www.scantekinc.com
EMSL Analytical Inc . . . . . . . . . . 21 Sensidyne Industrial Health & Safety 7

www.emsl.com www.sensidyne.com
ENMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 SKC Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

www.enmet.com www.skcinc.com
GfG Instrumentation Inc . . . . . . 19 Sundstrom Safety Inc . . . . . . . . 41

www.gfg-inc.com www.srsafety.com
HafcoVac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Teledyne Gas & Flame Detection . . 29

www.hafcovac.com www.teledyne.com
Increase Company . . . . . . . . . . . 3 TSI Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

https://greengobblersafety.com www.tsi.com
Industrial Scientific . . . . . . . . . . 48 WatchGas Detection . . . . . . . . . 8-9

www.indsci.com www.watchgas.com
LTBLtech, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Working Concepts . . . . . . . . . . 32

www.ltbltech.com www.softknees.com
mPower Electronics . . . . . . . . . 37
www.mpowerinc.com
Learn about:
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REGULATORY REVIEW Five Industrial Hygiene Trends to Watch page 14

Why Rent Gas

Nilfisk offers free facility assessments to help

Visit nilfisk.us to learn more

Green Gobbler cart, SSTC-5

Full Service SSTC-5PAK

For pricing and info: Sales@IncreaseCompany.com | 920-691-2496

REGULATORY REVIEW NOISE & HEARING SENSORS &

PROTECTION & GAS DETECTION/

4 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

Single and Multi-Gas Detectors with a

Highly Visual Alarms –

Easy-to-Read LCD Display

A quality brand you can rely on

Easily identifiable gas type

Nextteq International LLC • Toll-free: 877-312-2333

Learn more about email: info@nextteq.com • www.nextteq.com

“Summertime…and the living is easy.”

“Summertime…and the living is easy.” That’s

6 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

Visit the Gilian Demo Lab in our booth!

Benefits of a healthy gender balance within companies

The need for gender diversity as part of social responsibility

Challenges regarding education and training

How to Maintain a Heat

Heat acclimatization occurs over a seven-14 day period with an

Successful Heat Acclimatization Plan

10 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

Constant flows to 5000 ml/min

2. Duration: Gradually increase work times

12 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

Simplify your heat stress management

That means understanding hazardous

Find out more

Three Trending Industrial

OSHA’s occupational noise exposure standard at 1910.95

Evaluating Noise Exposure

When evaluating which employees are potentially covered by © auremar - stock.adobe.com

14 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

CT200-0000 CL300-1214 BP-012 BK001-0300

Workplace lighting must consider quantity, quality, direction and a

Construction The number and severity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting

16 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

OSHA’s Combustible Dust Emphasis

Industries with a lower likelihood of having combustible dust

18 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

Multigas monitors from

The G888 and G999 are optionally

The G888 and G999 are available

GfG Instrumentation, Inc.

www.NASPweb.com or explosion hazards exist:

Certified Safety Manager

Want to contribute to IHW? Contact Barbara Nessinger,

20 Industrial Hygiene in the Workplace

• Asbestos • Silica • USP <797>

SAMPLING SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT RENTALS

Choose the Best

Here are some design features to maximize comfort when