DRUG STUDY

Cesarean Section
Drug Name Drug Class Indications MOA Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Omeprazole Proton Pump Used before Caesarean It works by inhibiting the Hypersensitivity Headache Assess medical history, including allergies,
40mg BID Inhibitor section appeared to be proton pump in the to the drug. Abdominal Pain current medications, and any existing
effective in reducing stomach lining, thereby Concurrent use Vomiting gastrointestinal issues.
intragastric volume and reducing the production with Diarrhea Provide detailed information about
acidity to acceptable of gastric acid. This medications like omeprazole & emphasize importance of
values. mechanism helps atazanavir and adhering to medication.
alleviate symptoms nelfinavir, Monitor for any signs of adverse effects.
associated with acid- Work collaboratively with the healthcare
related disorders. team to ensure a comprehensive approach
to patient care.
Advocate for the patient's well-being by
ensuring that the prescribed medication
aligns with the current standard of care.

Epidural Local To provide pain relief Epidural anesthesia
Anesthesia anesthetics and anesthesia to the involves the injection of a
lower half of the body. local anesthetic, such as
It is indicated when a bupivacaine or
woman is undergoing a ropivacaine, into the
planned or emergency epidural space in the
Caesarean delivery. spine. These blocks nerve
signals in the lower spine,
resulting in the loss of
sensation in the lower
body, including the
abdomen and pelvic
region. Sometimes,
opioids may be added to
enhance the analgesic
effect.
Allergy to local Hypotension (low Regularly monitor vital signs, fetal heart
anesthetics blood pressure) rate, and uterine contractions. Assess for
Bleeding Headache signs of hypotension, allergic reactions, or
disorders Nausea or any adverse effects.
Infection at the vomiting Assist the patient in maintaining a side-
injection site Itching lying position to optimize uterine blood
Severe maternal Backache flow and prevent aortocaval compression.
hypotension Difficulty Administer intravenous fluids to prevent
Increased urinating maternal hypotension associated with
intracranial Rare epidural anesthesia.
pressure complications Document the administration of the
include nerve epidural, including the drugs used, dosage,
damage, and the patient's response.
infection, or Regularly assess the level of pain relief
epidural provided by the epidural and adjust the
hematoma. dosage if needed.
Monitor the patient postoperatively for
any lingering effects of the epidural, such
as numbness or weakness, and address any
discomfort.
 DRUG STUDY
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Drug Name Drug Class Indications MOA Contraindications Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Paracetamol Analgesics Headache It is believed to involve Hypersensitivity Deep, rapid, Assess the patient's medical history,
500mg 1tab and Tension headache inhibition of the to paracetamol, in difficult especially for any liver conditions or
q4 PRN for T > antipyretics enzyme hepatic and renal breathing allergies.
Migraine
37.8 C cyclooxygenase (COX). failure. feeling sick Evaluate the type and intensity of pain the
Backache (nausea) patient is experiencing.
Rheumatic and muscle Unlike nonsteroidal
being sick Administer paracetamol orally as directed,
pain anti-inflammatory
(vomiting) considering any contraindications to the
drugs (NSAIDs), loss of appetite intravenous route.
Mild
paracetamol has a Loss of appetite Regularly monitor vital signs, especially if
arthritis/osteoarthritis
more selective action Increased paracetamol is administered
Toothache on the central nervous sweating intravenously.
Period pain system (CNS). It Diarrhea Monitor liver function tests in patients on
(dysmenorrhea) primarily inhibits COX Acute liver long-term or high-dose paracetamol.
Colds and flu in the CNS, particularly failure Document the time, dosage, and route of
symptoms in the hypothalamus, Dark urine paracetamol administration accurately.
Sore throat which is involved in Hives Record the patient's response to the
Itching medication, including changes in pain
Sinus pain temperature
levels and any adverse reactions.
Post-operative pain regulation. By reducing
Monitor for any allergic skin reactions, and
Fever (pyrexia) the production of report promptly.
prostaglandins in the
CNS, paracetamol is
thought to lower fever
and provide analgesic
(pain-relieving) effects.
HR2E • To treat Isoniazid is a prodrug Patients with Chest pain or Conduct a thorough baseline
(Rifampin, tuberculosis (TB) activated by bacterial severe hepatic tightness assessment, including the patient's
isoniazid, and infection catalase, inhibiting damage; severe clumsiness or medical history, liver function, and any
pyrazinamide mycoloic acid adverse unsteadiness allergies.
combination synthesis. It is reactions to coughing or Ensure that each component of the
bacteriocidal against isoniazid, such spitting up HRZE combination is administered
Mycobacterium as drug fever, blood according to the prescribed dosage
tuberculosis chills, and dark urine and schedule.
organisms, specifically arthritis;
 InhA, by forming a patients with fast, irregular, Regularly assess for adverse effects
covalent adduct with acute liver pounding, or such as hepatotoxicity, and visual
the NAD cofactor, disease of any racing disturbances.
acting as a slow, tight- etiology; and heartbeat or Emphasize the importance of strict
binding competitive patients with pulse adherence to the prescribed regimen
inhibitor. acute gout. loss of appetite to prevent the development of drug-
nausea resistant TB.
numbness, Monitor liver function regularly, as
tingling, hepatotoxicity is a known side effect.
burning, or Document the administration of each
pain in the component, including dosage and any
hands and feet observed side effects.
pain in the Record the patient's response to
large and small treatment, including improvements
joints and any adverse reactions.
sneezing
trouble
breathing
unusual
tiredness or
weakness
vomiting
yellow eyes or
skin

Vitamin B essential To treat or prevent B vitamins are vital as Known Nausea Assess the patient's nutritional status,
Complex water- vitamin deficiency due coenzymes, participating hypersensitivity Tingling dietary intake, and risk factors for vitamin
Soluble to poor diet, certain in cellular physiological with same sensation or B deficiency.
vitamins illnesses, alcoholism, or processes by combining formula numbness If supplementation is necessary, ensure
during pregnancy. with protein apoenzymes Weakness that the vitamin B complex is administered
to form "holoenzymes," Frequent as prescribed.
which facilitate various urination Educate patients on dietary sources of
reactions. These vitamins Redness of the vitamin B complex, promoting a balanced
serve as crucial cofactors skin and nutritious diet.
in more than 140 Diarrhea Monitor for improvements in symptoms
enzymes, with coenzyme Constipation related to vitamin B deficiencies, such as
A (CoA) being a Abdominal pain fatigue, weakness, or neurological
mandatory co-factor for Headache symptoms. If applicable, monitor
4% of mammalian Itching laboratory values (e.g., complete blood
enzymes. Additionally, B Fatigue count, vitamin B12 levels) to assess
vitamins act as direct Anemia response to supplementation.
precursors for metabolic Irritability Be aware of potential adverse effects
substrates like acetyl-CoA related to vitamin B complex
and niacin, contributing supplementation and report any concerns
to essential metabolic to the healthcare provider.
pathways. Document the administration of vitamin B
complex, including the type, dosage,
route, and any observed effects.
 NURSING CARE PLAN
VATS
Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation
“Nahihirapan akong Impaired Gas Exchange After of 8 hours of nursing • Monitor vital • Regular vital sign After of 8 hours of
huminga, ang sikip-sikip related to the surgical intervention the client signs regularly, monitoring allows nursing
ng dibdib ko.” As procedure and effects on will: with a focus on for early detection intervention the
verbalized. lung function. Maintain optimal respiratory rate, of any respiratory client was able to
respiratory function. oxygen compromise or participate the treatment
Objective: Participate in treatment saturation, and signs of inadequate regimen and reports
Abnormal breath sounds regimen. pain levels. pain control. decrease in difficulty
• Encourage the • Adequate pain breathing.
patient to control encourages
report pain the patient to
promptly for participate in
timely activities that
intervention. enhance respiratory
• Teach and function, such as
encourage deep coughing and deep
breathing breathing exercises.
exercises, • Respiratory
incentive exercises help
spirometry, and maintain lung
coughing compliance,
techniques. prevent atelectasis,
• Encourage fluid and improve overall
intake unless lung function.
contraindicated. • Proper fluid balance
• Encourage contributes to
position overall respiratory
changes and health and
turning in bed. facilitates the
• Administer mobilization of
supplemental respiratory
oxygen based secretions.
on prescribed • Position changes
parameters. assist in lung
expansion and
improve
 ventilation-
perfusion matching.
• Continuous
monitoring of
oxygen saturation
guides adjustments
in oxygen therapy to
maintain optimal
levels.

“Kumikirot po yung part Acute Pain related to the After 8hrs of nursing • Use a pain • Regular After 8hrs of nursing
ng inopera sa akin.” As surgical incisions and intervention, the client assessment assessments ensure intervention, the client
verbalized. tissue manipulation. will: scale to quantify that the pain was seen performing pain
• Be able to the patient's management plan is management such as
perform effective pain intensity. tailored to the relaxation techniques/
pain • Encourage the patient's evolving deep breathing.
management. use of needs.
relaxation • Non-
techniques, pharmacological
guided imagery, measures
and distraction complement
methods. analgesic therapy,
• Explain the promoting a holistic
importance of approach to pain
adhering to the management.
prescribed pain • Patient education
management enhances their
plan. understanding of
• Assist the pain management,
patient in fostering
 finding collaboration in
comfortable care.
positions, • Proper positioning
especially minimizes pressure
during activities on surgical incisions
such as sitting or and reduces
lying down. discomfort,
• Support the contributing to pain
patient in early control.
ambulation and • Early ambulation
movement helps prevent
within complications, such
recommended as postoperative
limits. ileus, and promotes
• Provide updates overall well-being.
on the patient's • Input from different
pain status and team members
response to allows for
interventions. adjustments to the
• Provide pain pain management
medication plan based on the
according to the patient's overall
prescribed condition and
schedule. response to
treatment.
• Timely
administration of
analgesics helps
manage pain
effectively and
improves overall
patient comfort.
 Nursing Care Plan
Cesarean Section

“Sumasakit po Impaired Comfort related After 8hrs of nursing • Administer prescribed • Administering After 8hrs of nursing
yung tiyan ko.” As to surgical incision and intervention, the client analgesics on schedule prescribed analgesics intervention, the client
verbalize. uterine contractions. will: and assess pain on schedule helps to reports decrease pain.
- Able to regularly. manage pain
Pain scale: 8/10 determine • Encourage and assist effectively, promoting Pain scale: 5/10
different with position changes comfort and facilitating
technique to promote comfort. the patient's ability to
measures to • Apply ice or heat packs engage in activities of
ease to the incision site as daily living.
discomfort. ordered. • Position changes can
• Educate the patient on relieve pressure on the
deep breathing and incision site and
relaxation techniques improve overall
to manage pain. comfort.
• Applying ice or heat
packs as ordered can
reduce swelling and
provide relief from
pain.
• Teaching deep
breathing and
relaxation techniques
empowers the patient
to actively participate
in pain management
and promotes
relaxation.
“Paano po ba ang Risk for Infection related to After 8hrs of nursing • Monitor vital signs and • Monitoring vital signs After 8hrs of nursing
tamang paglilinis surgical incision and intervention, the client assess incision site for and assessing the intervention, the client
ng tahi?” as altered immune response. will: signs of infection incision site allows for was able to understand
verbalized. - Be able to (redness, swelling, early detection of any the importance of proper
perform warmth). signs of infection, wound care and was able
proper wound • Administer enabling prompt to perform wound care.
care. prophylactic intervention.
 antibiotics as • Administering
prescribed. prophylactic antibiotics
• Encourage proper as prescribed helps
hand hygiene and prevent bacterial
aseptic technique growth and reduce the
during wound care. risk of postoperative
• Educate the patient on infections.
signs and symptoms of • Emphasizing proper
infection and when to hand hygiene and
seek medical aseptic technique
attention. during wound care
minimizes the risk of
introducing pathogens
to the surgical site.
• Educating the patient
on signs and symptoms
of infection empowers
them to seek timely
medical attention if any
concerning symptoms
arise.
“Medyo Impaired Gas Exchange After 8hrs of nursing • Encourage and assist • Encouraging and After 8hrs of nursing
nahihirapan po related to pain and intervention, the client with deep breathing assisting with deep intervention, the client
akong huminga” restricted mobility. will be able to: exercises and breathing exercises and was able to:
as verbalized. - Perform incentive spirometry. incentive spirometry - Perform deep
relaxational • Assist the patient with helps prevent breathing
techniques early ambulation to atelectasis and exercises
and deep prevent respiratory improves lung - Relieve difficulty
breathing complications. expansion, promoting of breathing.
exercises. • Monitor respiratory effective gas exchange.
rate, depth, and • Early ambulation
oxygen saturation. prevents complications
• Administer prescribed such as pneumonia and
pain medication to promotes optimal
promote effective respiratory function.
coughing and deep • Monitoring respiratory
breathing. parameters ensures
early identification of
 any respiratory
distress, allowing for
timely intervention.
• Administering
prescribed pain
medication facilitates
effective coughing and
deep breathing,
reducing the risk of
respiratory
complications.
“Hindi ko Impaired Mobility related After 8hrs of nursing • Assist the patient with • Assisting the patient After 8hrs of nursing
maigalaw ng to surgical procedure and intervention, the client early and gradual with early and gradual intervention, the client
maayos ang postoperative pain will be able to: ambulation, starting ambulation prevents was able to:
katawan ko dahil - Demonstrate with simple complications such as - perform
sa tahi ko.” As relaxation movements. deep vein thrombosis diversional
verbalized skills and • Provide support and and promotes overall activities/ use
diversional education on proper recovery. guided imagery.
activities as body mechanics and • Providing support and - Appear relaxed
indicated for use of assistive education on proper
the situation. devices. body mechanics and
- Appear • Collaborate with assistive devices
relaxed and physical therapy for ensures safe and
comfortable. individualized mobility effective mobility.
exercises. • Collaborating with
• Assess and manage physical therapy allows
pain to promote for the development of
increased mobility and individualized mobility
prevent complications. exercises tailored to
the patient's needs.
• Assessing and
managing pain is crucial
for promoting
increased mobility, as
pain relief enhances the
patient's willingness
and ability to engage in

“Hindi ko pa rin Risk for Altered Parent-
nakikita ang baby Infant Bonding related to
ko, gusto ko syang separation during cesarean
nakikita sa tabi
ko” as verbalized.
After 8hrs of jursing • Facilitate skin-to-skin
intervention, the client contact as soon as
will be able to: possible after surgery.
section. - Participate in • Encourage
care breastfeeding and
- Communicate provide support and
her feelings education.
- Relieve stress • Involve the partner in
care and bonding
activities.
• Offer emotional
support and address
concerns about the
impact of the cesarean
section on bonding.
movement and
rehabilitation activities.
• Facilitating skin-to-skin After 8hrs of nursing
contact as soon as intervention, the client
possible after surgery was able to:
promotes bonding, -participate in care
regulates the baby's - relieve stress
temperature, and
supports breastfeeding
initiation.
• Encouraging
breastfeeding
enhances the
emotional connection
between the mother
and infant through
physical contact and
the release of bonding
hormones.
• Involving the partner in
care and bonding
activities fosters a
supportive
environment and
strengthens the family
unit.
• Offering emotional
support and addressing
concerns helps alleviate
anxiety and fosters a
positive emotional
connection between
the parent and infant.