HANDOUTS FOR MS2 final exam

1. FOLLOWERSHIP 2

CHAPTER 1
FOLLOWERSHIP: REQUISITE FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP

Learn to obey before you command. Solon

In the study of leadership, followers are all too often taken for granted.
There are critical interdependencies between leader and followers that cannot
be ignored.

Leaders come from the ranks of followers. Few leaders can be

successful without first learning ski1ls of followership

Most of us are followers more often than we are leaders. Even when we have
subordinates, we still have those above us. Followership, dominates our lives and
our organizations, but a preoccupation with leadership often constraints us from truly
appreciating the nature of' the follower

Section 1-1 Implications for Leadership

Because leadership consists of getting things done through others,
followership is critical to the leader's effectiveness.

Section 1-2 On Followers and Followership

Robert Kelley provides an excellent framework with "In Praise of
Followers" (Chapter 12). He describes the characteristics of effective
followership as being the same as effective leadership, suggesting a
redefinition of both roles. With good leaders setting an example of
followership, independent critical thinking and self-management can be
developed in leader and follower alike. Evaluating people on their followership qualities
adds to the appraisal dimensions with which we are familiar. With the military
restructuring for changing times, Kelley's piece has important implications for creating
flatter, leaner organizations designed to encourage the development of followership and
leadership.
CHAPTER 2
IN PRAISE OF FOLLOWERS
To encourage this kind of effective following in other organizations, we need to
understand the nature of the follower's role. To cultivate good followers, we need to
understand the human qualities that allow effective followership to occur.
Section 2-1 The Role of Follower
By proving themselves in the follower’s role, they hope to win the confidence of peers
and superiors and move up the corporate ladder.
Section 2-2 The Qualities of Followers
1. Effective followers share a number of essential qualities:
a.They manage themselves well.
b.They are committed to the organization and to a purpose; .principle, or person
outside themselves.
c.They build their competence and focus their efforts for maximum
impact.
d.They are courageous, honest, and credible

2. Self-Management. Paradoxically, the key to being an effective follower

is the ability to think for oneself to exercise control and independence and to
work without close supervision.

3. Commitment. Effective followers are committed to something a cause, a

product, an organization, an idea in addition to the care of their own lives and
careers.

4. Competence and Focus. On the grounds that committed

incompetence is still incompetence, effective followers master skills that will be
useful to their organizations.

5. Courage. Effective followers are credible, honest, and courageous. They

establish themselves as independent, critical thinkers whose knowledge and
judgment can be trusted.

Section 2-3 Cultivating Effective Followers

a. Redefining Followership and Leadership.
Our stereotyped but unarticulated definitions of leadership and followership shape our
expectations when we occupy either position.
b. Honing Followership Skills.
 Most organizations assume that leadership has to be taught but that everyone
knows how to follow.

c. Peformancee Evaluation and Feedback. Instead of rating employees on

leadership qualities such as self-management, independent thinking, originality,
courage, competence, and credibility, we can rate them, on these same qualities
in both the leadership and followership roles and then evaluate each individual's
ability to shift easily from the one role to the other.

d. Organizational Structures That Encourage Followership.

Unless the value of good following is somehow built into the fabric of the
organization, it is likely to remain a pleasant conceit to which everyone pays
occasional lip service but no dues.

CHAPTER 3
LEADING THE NEW PROFESSIONAL

Section 3-1 The New Professional

Each understands the perspective of the other, and both recognize that they can be successful

in the long term only if they share success .

Section 3-2 A Model for Evaluating Followers as Partners
1. Partners and Other Followers. Our basic assumption is that no one gets up in
the morning and goes to work with the intent to fail.

2. Follower Styles.

a.Subordinate. The subordinate is the "traditional" follower who

does what he or she is told.
b.Contributor. This type of follower behaves in an exemplary way, that is to
work hard and is known for the quality of his or her work.
c.Politician. The politician gives more attention to managing relationships than
to maximizing performance.
d.Partner. The partner is committed to high performance and effective
relationships
3. Follower Behaviors. These four types of followers can't be identified by describing
their behavior in terms of two dimensions performance initiative and relationship
initiative that each has four subscales.

4. Growing Professionals. Creating the conditions that lead followers to partnership

requires leaders to know what they are looking for in their followers.

CHAPTER 4
THE TEN RULES OF GOOD FOLLOWERSHIP
a. Do Not Blame the Boss.
b. Do Not Fight the Boss.
c. Use Initiative
d. Accept Responsibility.
e. Tell the Truth and Do Not Quibble
f. Do Your Homework.
g. Suggest implementation.
h. Keep the Boss Informed
i. Fix Problems as They Occur.
j. Put in an Honest Day's Work.
k. The Ten Rules of Good Followership.

CHAPTER 5

FOLLOWERS MAKE GOOD LEADERS GOOD

What makes a good follower? The single most important characteristic may well
be a willingness to tell the truth.

CHAPTER 6
CLIMATE, CULTURE, AND VALUES
And in the end, through the long ages of our quest for light, it will be found that, truth is
still mightier than the sword. For out of the welter of human carnage and human wealth

the indestructible thing that will always live is a sound idea.

- General Douglas McArthur
2. Combat Training for Individual Soldier 1

COVER
• Cover, made of natural or man-made materials, gives protection from
bullets, fragments of exploding rounds, flame, nuclear effects, biological and
chemical agents, and enemy observation.
• NATURAL COVER
Natural cover includes logs, trees, stumps, rocks, and ravines.

 MAN-MADE COVER
Man-made cover includes fighting positions and protective equipment

CONCEALMENT
 Concealment is anything that hides you from enemy
observation. Concealment does not protect you from enemy
fire.
NATURAL CONCEALMENT
Natural concealment includes bushes, grass, and shadows. If possible,
natural concealment should not be disturbed
ACTIONS AS CONCEALMENT
Light, noise, and movement discipline, and the use of camouflage,
contributes to concealment.

LIGHT DISCIPLINE
• Light discipline is controlling the use of lights at night by such things
as not smoking in the open, not walking around with a flashlight on,
and not using vehicle headlights.
NOISE DISCIPLINE
• Noise discipline is taking action to deflect sounds generated by your
unit (such as operating equipment) away from the enemy and, when
possible, using methods to communicate that do not generate sounds
(arm-and-hand signals).
MOVEMENT DISCIPLINE
Movement discipline includes not moving about fighting positions unless
necessary and not moving on routes that lack cover and concealment. In
the defense, build a well-camouflaged fighting position and avoid moving
about.
LITTER DESCIPLINE
• Took all litter to established collection points.
• Carried all litter until it could be disposed of without leaving any trace.
CAMOUFLAGING
Camouflage is anything you use to keep yourself, your equipment, and
your position from being identified.
MOVEMENT
Movement and activity draw attention. When you give arm-and-hand
signals or walk about your position, your movement can be seen by the
naked eye at long ranges.
POSITIONS
Avoid putting anything where the enemy expects to find it. Build
positions on the side of a hill, away from road junctions or lone buildings,
and in covered and concealed places. Avoid open areas.

OUTLINES AND SHADOWS

These can reveal your position or equipment to an air or ground
observer. Break up outlines and shadows with camouflage. When
moving, try to stay in the shadows.
SHINE
A shine will naturally attract the enemy’s attention. In the dark, a burning
cigarette or flashlight will give you away.
COLORS
If your skin, uniform, or equipment colors stand out against the
background, the enemy can obviously detect you more easily than he
could otherwise.
DISPERSION
This means spreading Soldiers, vehicles, and equipment over a wide
area. The enemy can detect a bunch of Soldiers more easily than they
can detect a lone Soldier.
PREPARATION
Before camouflaging, study the terrain and vegetation of the area in
which you are operating. Next, pick and use the camouflage material
that best blends with the area. When moving from one area to another,
change camouflage as needed to blend with the surroundings.
3. Basic Life Support

Limitations of First Aid

 You should only work to the training you have received to treat the casualty's injuries
or medical problems and if required pass on to further more advanced care.
 If you aren't trained don't do it and if in doubt get help.

Responsibilities of the First Aid Provider

 BRIDGE THE GAP between the victim and the physician.
 ENSURE HIS OWN SAFETY, that of the victim’s, and of bystanders.
 GAIN ACCESS to the victim.
 DETERMINE THREATS to the victim’s life.

Responsibilities of the First Aid Provider

 CALL FOR MORE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE as needed.
 PROVIDE EMERGENCY CARE to the victim.
 ASSIST EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS (EMTs) and other personnel
when they arrive.
 REMEMBER ALL ASSESSMENTS AND CARE given to the victim.
Characteristics of an Effective First Aid Provider
 Gentle
 Resourceful
 Observant
 Tactful
 Empathetic
 Respectable

Protecting the First Aid Provider’s Well-being

NEVER place yourself in a dangerous situation.

Danger

Environmental danger - any danger in the physical surroundings.

Human danger - danger from people at the scene, which can be intentional or
accidental.

Environmental Danger: What to do

 Seek help immediately; keep a safe distance from physical dangers.

 Move the victim away from physical dangers.
 Eliminate the danger if it can be done safely.
Human Danger
 From the victim of the injury
 From the victim’s relatives
 From the inflictor of the injury

Primary Assessment
 Circulation
 Airway
 Breathing

Circulation

Skin - color: reddish? whitish? bluish?

clammy? sweaty? very dry?
Pulse - at the side of the base of the thumb

Airway
 Able to speak / cry = open airway
 Note quality of speaking / crying
 Open the airway
 Remove obstructions

Breathing

 Check for signs of breathing (NOT > THAN10 SECONDS!)

 Feel the flow of air against your cheek
 Hear the flow of air
 See the chest rise and fall

4. Survival Techniques 2

S---- Size Up the Situation

U---- Use All Your Senses, Undue Haste Makes Waste
R---- Remember Where You Are
V---- Vanquish Fear and Panic
I------ Improvise
V----- Value Living
A------ Act Like the Native
L------ Live by your Wits, But for Now, Learn Basic Skill
TROPICAL SURVIVAL
Is a knowledge of field skills, the ability to improvise, and the application of the
principles of survival will increase the prospects of survival.

Travel Through Jungle Areas: With practice, movement through thick undergrowth
and jungle can be done efficiently.

Immediate Considerations: The most important items to take with you from the crash
site are a machete, a compass, a first aid kit, and a parachute or other material for use
as mosquito netting and shelter. Take shelter from tropical rain, sun, and insects.

FIELD-EXPEDIENT DIRECTION FINDING

USING SUN AND SHADOW

a. Shadow-Tip Methods: In the first shadow-tip method, find a straight stick

1 meter long, and a level spot free of brush on which the stick will cast a
definite shadow.

b. The Watch Method: Remember, the further you are from the equator, the
more accurate this method will be. If you only have a digital watch, you
can overcome this obstacle.
Using Moon: The moon rises after midnight, the illuminated side will be the east. This
obvious discovery provides us with a rough east-west reference during the night.
Using the Stars: Your location in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere determines
which constellation you use to determine your north or south direction.
A. THE NORTHERN SKY
Making Improvised Compasses: You can construct improvised compasses using a
piece of ferrous metal that can be needle shaped or a flat double-edged razor blade and
a piece of nonmetallic string or long hair from which to suspend it. You can magnetize
or polarize the metal by slowly stroking it in one direction on a piece of silk or carefully
through your hair using deliberate strokes.
Other Means of Determining Direction: Wind direction may be helpful in some
instances where there are prevailing directions and you know what they are.

5. Rope Techniques
6. Signal Communication

Signal Communication
- is a method or means or a combination thereof conveying
information of any kind of one person or place to another
except direct communication.
Means of Communication
- is a medium by which a message is conveyed from one
person or place to another.
 Agency of Communication
- Agency facility we embraces the personnel and equipment to
provide signal communication by any particular means or a
combination thereof. COMMEL, Division Signal Battalion.
Tactical Radio Sets
is a principal means of communication in tactical units.
It is used for command, fire control exchange of information and administrative purposes
between and within units.

Physical Communication
1. Messenger- the oldest and the relatively most secured means. This is the
most effective method of transmitting empty messages and bulky items.

2. Trained Animals- this means is not widely use in the AFP.

3. Mail - this means is not responsibility of the Signal Corps. Normally the
command adjutant or similar identity in theunit will provide funds to defray the
expenses that will incurred for this means of communication.

ADVANTAGES OF TACTICAL RADIO SETS

 Speed of Installations
- it is easy to established than a wire or other means of
communication.
 Flexible
- it is no fixed circuit are required to be constructed. It provide
communication across terrain over which it may be impractical
to install wire
DISADVATAGES OF RADIO SETS
Lack of Security
- radio is the least secured means. It is always assumed that
interception every time the transmitter is place on operation.
Subject for Interception
 - radio is less vulnerable to enemy terroristic activity than a wire,
however, it is subject for interference from precipitation and jamming
to other station.
7. MAP READING
MAP
- is a graphic representation of a portion of the earth's surface drawn to
scale, as seen from above.
- It uses colors, symbols, and labels to represent features found on the
ground.

PURPOSE
 Provides information on the location and distances.
 Ground features, populated places, routes of travel and
communication
 Indicate variations in terrain
 Heights of natural features, and
 The extent of vegetation cover.

CATEGORIES
A. SCALE - the ratio or fraction between the distance on a map and
the corresponding distance on the surface of the earth
1. SMALL SCALE - 1:1,000,000 & SMALLER
2. MEDIUM SCALE – 1:75,000-1:1,000,000
3. LARGE SCALE - 1:75,000 & LARGER
CATEGORIES
TYPE - Map categorized according to its purpose or the manner it
was made.

1. PLANIMETRIC
2. TOPOGRAPHIC
3. PHOTOMAP
4. JOINT OPERATIONS GRAPHIC
5. PHOTOMOSAIC
6. TERRAIN MODEL
7. MILITARY CITY MAPS
8. SPECIAL MAPS
MILITARY SYMBOLS
Symbols used to represent military features such as identity, size, location, and movement for
troops and military activities and installations.
COLORS used for MILITARY SYMBOLS
RED -ENEMY FORCES, ACTIVITIES AND INSTALLATIONS
BLUE-FRIENDLY FORCES
GREEN - ENGINEER ACTIVITIES
YELLOW – CONTAMINATED AREAS

POLAR PLOT

a method of locating or plotting an unknown position from a known point by giving a direction and
distance along that direction line.

INTERSECTION
a method of locating of an unknown point by successively occupying at least two but preferably 3 known
positions & sighting on the unknown point.

RESECTION

a method locating one’s position on a map by determining the grid azimuth to at least two well-defined
location that can be pinpointed on the map.

MODIFIED RESECTION

is the method of locating one’s position on the map when the person is located on a linear feature on
the ground such as road, stream, etc.

8. Weapons training 2
BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE WEAPONS

• BARREL – is the metal. Tube of a weapon made of high grade carbon steel generally cylindrical
in shape thru which the bullet is given velocity dir. Of flight.

• BREECH – is the opening at the rear end portion of the barrel through which of the
cartridge/ground is loaded with a recess to fit a locking mechanism.

• FIRING PIN MECH- device use to strike or hit the primer thereby igniting it.
• RECEIVER – houses or holds other working component parts to form one functional unit.

CLASSSIFICATION OF WEAPONS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

• AUTOMATIC

• SEMI-AUTOMATIC

• SINGLE

• SELECTIVE