Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 1

Homogeneous Differential Equation

Definition
A function ( ) is called homogeneous of degree if
( ) ( )
where is a nonzero real number.
Example
 ( ) √ is homogeneous function of degree 1, because

( ) √

⟹ ( ) √ √ ( )

 ( ) is homogeneous function of degree 8, because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

 ( ) ( ) is homogeneous function of degree 0, because

( ) ( )

⟹ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Definition
A first order differential equation

( ) (1)

is said to be homogeneous if ( ) is homogeneous function of any degree, Eq. (1) can be

written as
( ) ( )
Then it is called homogeneous if ( ) and ( ) are homogeneous function of the same
degree.
Example
 is homogeneous differential equation, because
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 2

( )

or ( ) ( )

⟹ ( ) is homogeneous

 is homogeneous differential equation, because

( )

or ( ) ( )

⟹ ( ) is homogeneous
How to Solve Homogeneous Differential Equation
To solve a homogeneous differential equation

( ) (1)

we proceed the following steps

Step 1: Put

and

Step 2: Eq. (1) we have

( )

⟹ ( )

Step 3: Separate the variables we have

( )

Step 4: Integrate both sides we have

∫ ( )
∫ (2)

Step 5: Solve Eq. (2) and substitute we get the required solution of Eq. (1)

Problem 1
Solve (1)

Solution: The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 3

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

or ( )

Integrating both sides we have

∫( ) ∫

( ) ( ) ( )

or ( ) ( )

Substituting we have

( ) ( )

Problem 2

Solve (1)

Solution: The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 4

Integrating both sides we have

∫ ∫

( ) ( )

or ( )

Substituting we have

( ) ( )

or ( )

Problem 3
Solve ( ) (1)
Solution: Eq. (1) can be rewrite as

The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

Integrating both sides we have

Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 5

∫ ∫
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
or
Substituting we have

( )

or
Problem 4

Solve (1)

Solution: The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

( )

( )

Integrating both sides we have

∫( ) ∫
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ( )]
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 6

Substituting we have

* ( )+

or ( ( ))

Problem 5
Solve (1)

Solution: The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

or ( )

Integrating both sides we have

∫( ) ∫

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

or ( ) ( ) ( )

Substituting we have

( ) ( ) ( )

Problem 6
Solve ( ) (1)
Solution: Eq. (1) can be written as
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 7

The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

Integrating both sides we have

∫( ) ∫
( ) ( ) ( )
or ( ) ( )
Substituting we have

( ) ( )

Problem 7
Solve ( ) * ( ) + (1)

Solution: Eq. (1) can be written as

( )
( )

The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )
( )
( )

( )
⟹ ( ) ( )
( )
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 8

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( )
( ) ( )

( )

Integrating both sides we have

∫ ( ) ∫
( ) ( ) ( )
or ( ) ( )
Substituting we have

( ) ( )

Problem 8
Solve ( ) (1)

Solution: The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 9

Integrating both sides we have

∫ ∫
( )
or ( )
Substituting we have

( )

or ( )
Now applying initial condition ( ) i.e., value of when
( ) ⟹
Therefore we have the solution
( )
Problem 9
Solve ( ) ( ) ( ) (1)
Solution: Eq. (1) can be written as

The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

Integrating both sides we have

∫ ∫
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 10

( ) ( )

Substituting we have

( ) ( )

Now applying initial condition ( ) i.e., value of when

( ) ( )

( )
√

Therefore we have the solution

( ) ( )
√

Problem 10
Solve ( ) (1)

Solution: The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

Integrating both sides we have

∫ ∫

( )

Substituting we have
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 11

( )

Now applying initial condition ( ) i.e., value of when

( )

Therefore we have the solution

( )

Problem 11
Solve ( ) ( ) ( ) (1)
Solution: Eq. (1) can be written as

The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )

⟹ ( ) ( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

( )

Integrating both sides we have

∫( ) ∫
( )
Substituting we have

( )

( )
Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 12

Now applying initial condition ( ) i.e., value of when

( )

Therefore we have the solution

( )
Problem 12
Solve ( ) * ( ) + ( ) (1)

Solution: Eq. (1) can be written as

( )
( )

The given differential equation is homogeneous differential equation because

( )
( )
( )

( )
⟹ ( ) ( )
( )

so, ( ) is homogenous.
To solve Eq. (1) put and

in Eq. (1), we have

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( )
( ) ( )

( )

Integrating both sides we have

∫ ( ) ∫
( ) ( )
Substituting we have

( ) ( )

Now applying initial condition ( ) i.e., value of when

Homogeneous Differential Equation Differential Equations (DEs) 13

( ) ( ) ⟹

( ) ( )

Exercise
Solve the following Homogeneous differential equations
1. ( ) ( )

2.

3.

4. ( )
5. ( )

6. ( ) * ( ) ( )+

7. √
Solve the following initial value problems
8. ( ) ( )
9. ( ) ( ) ( )

10. ( )

11. ( √ ) ( )
12. ( ) ( )