Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin

near relationnships 1

Exercise 88A 2aa

1a x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y –4 –2
2 0 2 4

b
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y 4 2 0 –2 –4

c
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
b
y –1 0 1 2 3

d
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y –3 –2
2 –1 0 1

e
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
c y –1 1 3 5 7

f
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y 4 3 2 1 0

3aa y = x
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
d
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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b y = 2x + 2 e y = 3x − 1
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2 x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y –2 0 2 4 6 y –6 –4
4 –1 2 5

c y = −x + 3 f y = −2 x + 3
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2 x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y 5 4 3 2 1 y 7 5 3 1 –1

d y = −x − 1
4aa Multiplyin
ng each valuue by 3 then
n adding 4
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2 a ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y 1 0 –1 –
–2 –3 b –2 1 4 7 10

b Multiplying
g each valuue by –1 and
d adding 1
p ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
q 3 2 1 0 –1
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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c 6aa

he line graphh using 10 on

b 5.7 (read th o the
orizontal ax
ho xis)

7aa d = mt
d
4 = m×2
4
m= =2
2
d = 2t
b
t 0 2 4 6 8
d 0 4 8 12 16

5a Cost (c)) (values forr c are geneerated from

w).
b Weight ((w) (any vallues for w)
c

c
8aa y = 3x
0 = 3× 3 False
F
b y = x+7
6 = −1+ 7 True
c x + 2y = 9
d $18 (readd the line grraph using 1.5
1 on the 1+ 2 × 4 = 9 True
horizontal axis)
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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d 2x − 3y = 0 1
c y+ x =1
2 × 0 − 3 × 0 = 0 Truue 2
e 4x − y + 1 = 0 1
y = − x +1
4 × 1− (−
−1) + 1 = 0 False 2
f 3x − 4 y + 1 = 0 x ‒2 ‒1
‒ 0 1 2
3× 2 − 4 × 0 + 1 = 0 F
False y 2 1.5
1 1 0.5 0

9a y + 2 = 3x
y = 3x − 2
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2
y –8 ––5 –2 1 4

d 4x − y + 2 = 0
y = 4x + 2
x ‒2 ‒1 0 1 2
y –6 –2
2 2 6 10

b x+ y−4=0
y = −x + 4
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2
y 6 5 4 3 2
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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1
e x− y =1
3
1
y = x −1
3
x ‒6 ‒‒3 0 3 6
y –3 ––2 –1 0 1

f 4 − y = 3xx
y=− −3x + 4
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2
y 10 7 4 1 –2
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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Exercise 88B Vertical risse 2

Gradient
G = = − = −2
−
Verticcal rise 4 Horizontal
H ruun 1
1a Gradiennt = = =4
Horizonntal run 1 y--intercept off –1
Verticaal rise 2 c
b Gradientt = = − = −1
Horizontal run 2
Verticaal rise 12
1
c Gradientt = = − = −12
Horizonttal run 1
Verticaal rise 12
2
d Gradientt = = =4
Horizonttal run 3
Vertical risse 2
Verticall rise 4 Gradient
G = = =1
2a radient = = =2 Horizontal
H ru
run 2
Horizonttal run 2 y--intercept off –1
Verticaal rise 5 d
b Gradientt = = − = −5
Horizontal run 1
Verticaal rise 1
c Gradientt = =−
Horizonttal run 2

3a Cuts thee vertical axxis at 2.

b Cuts the vertical axiis at –1
Vertical risse 4 1
Gradient
G = = =
Horizontal
H ruun 12 3
4a
y--intercept off 0

5aa

Vertical rrise 8
Gradient = = =2 Vertical risse 3
Horizontal run 4 Gradient
G = = =1
y-interceptt of 2 Horizontal
H ruun 3
b y--intercept off 3
b
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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Vertical rrise 1 uation is d = 150t

6aa Linear equ
Gradient = = − = −1
Horizontaal run 1 t 0 1 2 3 4
y-interceptt of 1 d 0 150 300 450 600
c b

Vertical rise 2 1
Gradient = = =
Horizontaal run 4 2
y-interceptt of 1
d

Vertical rrise 600

c Gradient = = = 150
Horizontall run 4
d Cuts the veertical axis aat 0.

uation is c = $16 × n
7aa Linear equ
n 0 1 2 3 4
Vertical rrise 2
Gradient = =− c 0 16 6 32 48 64
Horizontall run 3
y-interceptt of –3
e
b

Gradient of 4,
y-interceptt of –3
f

Rise 64
c Gradient orr m = = = 16
Run 4
d Cuts the veertical at thee origin or c = 0
Vertical rrise 4
Gradient = = =2
Horizontal run 2
y-interceptt of 0
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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Exercise 88C Rise 1

c Gradient = = , yy-intercept of
o –1
1a y = 4 x + 2 Run 2
Gradient iss 4, y-intercept is 2 y = 12 x − 1
b y = 3x − 7
Rise 122
Gradient iss 3, y-intercept is ‒7 d Gradient = = − = −3, y-inttercept 12
Run 4
c y = 5 x + 00.4 y = −3x + 12
2
Gradient iss 5, y-intercept is 0.4
d y = 1.5 x − 2 4aa y = mx + b
Gradient iss 1.5, y-interrcept is ‒2 y = 2x + 3
e y = 12 x + 3
Gradient
G is 2, y-interceppt is 3
1 b
Gradient iss , y-interrcept is 3
2
f y = 5 − 3xx
y = −3x + 5
Gradient iss ‒3, y-interrcept is 5
g y=x
Gradient iss 1, y-intercept is 0
h y = 2+55x
= 5x + 2
Gradient iss 5, y-intercept is 2 5aa y = kx (direct variatiion formulaa)
y = kx
2a y = mx + b
2=k×4
12
y = 3x + 2
12
b y = mx + b k= =3
4
y = −2x + 10 y = 3x
c y = mx + b
y = −4x − 1
d y = mx + b
y = 0.5xx + 1 b Multiplyingg each valuue by 3
x 0 1 2
Rise 3 y 0 3 6
nt =
3a Gradien = = 1, y-inteercept of 1
Run 3
y = x +1
Rise 6
b Gradient = = − = −2 , y-in
ntercept –11
Run 3
y = −2x − 1
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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6a p = mh (direct varriation formu

ula) d y = −x
p = mh Gradient
G of –1
– and y-inttercept of 0
168 = k × 8 e y = −x −1
168 Gradient
G of –1
– and y-inttercept of -1
1
k= = 21
8 f y = −x − 2
p = 21h Gradient
G of –1
– and y-inttercept of –2
2
b Multiplyying each vaalue by 21 Graphs
G a to f
h 0 2 4 6 8
p 0 422 84 1266 168

g The graphss for equatioons a, b and d c are

paarallel with a positive ggradient. Th
he graphs
fo
or equationss d, e and f aare parallel with a
neegative graddient.
7a d = mt (direct variiation formu
ula)
d = mt 9aa y = x + 1
350 = k × 7 Gradient
G of 1 and y-interrcept of 1
b y = 3x + 1
350
k= = 50 Gradient
G of 3 and y-interrcept of 1
7
c y = 2 x +1
1
d = 50t
b Multiplyying each vaalue by 50 1
Gradient
G of and y-inttercept of 1
t 0 2 4 6 8 2
d 0 1000 200 3000 400 d y = −x − 2
Gradient
G of –1
– and y-inttercept of –2
2
e y = −2 x − 2
Gradient
G of –2
– and y-inttercept of –2
2
f y = −3 x − 2
Gradient
G of –3
– and y-inttercept of –2
2
Graphs
G a to f

8a y = 2 x
Gradient of 2 and y-inntercept of 0
b y = 2x + 1
Gradient of 2 and y-inntercept of 1
c y = 2x + 2
Gradient of 2 and y-inntercept of 2
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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9g The graaphs for equuations a, b and c f 4x + y = 8

intersect onn the y-axiss at 1 (y-inteercept of 1).. y = −44x + 8
The graphss for equatioons d, e and d f intersect
on the y-axxis at ‒2 (y-intercept off ‒2) Gradient
G is –4
– and y-inteercept is 8

10a Gradieent is 2/3 andd y-intercep

pt is 2

g 2x + y + 6 = 0
y = −2x − 6
b Gradientt is 0.25 andd y-interceptt is –3 Gradient
G is –2
– and y-inteercept is –6

h x + 4y = 0
−1
c Gradient is and y-intercept
y is 2 4 y = −xx
3
1
y=− x
4
−1
Gradient
G is and y-inttercept is 0
4

d Gradientt is 0.5 and y-intercept

y is
i –3

i 3x − y = −3
3
− y = −3
3x − 3
e y+x=5
y = 3x + 3
y=−
−x + 5
Gradient
G is 3 and y-interrcept is 3
Gradient iss –1 and y-inntercept is 5
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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Exercise 88D d A = 14 N
1a 500 L (RRead the grraph when t = 0) = 14 × 350
0 = 87.5 = $$87.5 billionn
b 1500 L (RRead the grraph when t = 5)
c 2100 L (RRead the grraph when t = 8) e A = 14 N
d 10 minuttes (Read thhe graph wh
hen y = 25000) = 14 × 100
00 = 250 = $$250 billion
n
e 1900 L (RRead the grraph when t = 7)
2a 400 CN
NY (Read grraph when AUDA = 80) 6aa $15 (Readd the graph wwhen n = 0)
b 250 CNY Y (Read graaph when AU UD = 50) b $25 (Read the graph w when n = 20
0)
c 20 AUD (Read grapph when CN NY = 100) c 30 calls (Reead the grapph when C = 30)
d 70 AUD (Read grapph when CN NY = 350) 100 − 30 1
d Gradient = = , y-interccept is 15
Rise 5500 − 0 65 − 30 2
e Gradientt = = =5
Run 100 − 0 y = mx + b
C = 0.5n + 15
1
3a $1.50 (R
Read the graaph when weight
w = 50))
b $3.50 (R
Read the grapph when weeight = 900))
7aa Step graph
h with 3 parrts: $10 (lesss than 3
c $1.50 (Reead the grapph when weeight = 200)) ho
ours) then $15
$ (from 3 to 6) and $20 $ (from 6
d $3.00 (R
Read the grapph when weeight = 800)) to
o 9).

4a $40 0000 (Read the graph whenn t = 32)

b $90 000 (Read the graph
g when t = 12)
c 48 monthhs (Read thee graph wheen v = 0)
120
d Gradientt = − = −2.5
− , y-inteercept is 1200
48
y = mx + b
v = −2.5t ++120 b Draw a verrtical line frrom $4. It in ntersects
e v = −2.5tt + 120 he step at $1
th 15.
= −2.5 × 2 +120 = 115 or $115 5,000 c Time from 10.30 am too 1.00 pm is 2.5
f Equipmennt depreciattes by the gradient or hoours. Draw a vertical liine from 2.5 50. It
$2,500 eacch month. in
ntersects thee step at $100.
d Time from 5.15 am to 11.15 pm is i 6 hours.
Draw
D a verticcal line from
m 6. It interrsects the
5a $125 billion (Read the graph when
w N=
sttep at $15.
500)
b 300 000 (Read the graph
g when A = 75)
8aa
125 1
c Gradientt = = , y-intercept is 0
500 4
y = mx + b
A = 14 N
Worked Solutions: Chapter 8 Linear relationships 12

b Draw a vertical line from 40. It intersects

the line graph at 16 GBP.
c Draw a horizontal line from 10 GBP. It
intersects the line graph at 25 AUD.
d Gradient is 0.4 and the vertical intercept is 0
e GBP = 0.4 × AUD or y = 0.4x
Worked Solutions: Chapter 8 Linear relationships 13

Exercise 8E 4a a = kb (direct variation formula)

1a y = kx (direct variation formula) b a = kb
b y = kx 84 = k × 56
24 = k × 8 84
k= = 1.5
24 56
k= =3 a = 1.5b
8
c y = 3x c a = 1.5b
= 3× 4 = 12 = 1.5 × 22
d y = 3x = 33
15 = 3× x d a = 1.5b
x=5 36 = 1.5 × b
b = 24
2a y = kx (direct variation formula)
b y = kx 5a p = kh
20 = k × 10 b p = kh
20 193.50 = k × 9
k= =2
10 193.50
k= = 21.5
c y = 2x 9
= 2 × 8 = 16 p = 21.5h
d y = 2x c p = 21.5h
12 = 2 × x = 21.5 × 11
x=6 = $236.50
d p = 21.5h
3a y = kx (direct variation formula) = 21.5 × 6.5
b y = kx = $139.75
3 = k × 12 e p = 21.5h
3 1 $365.50 = 21.5 × h
k= =
12 4 $365.50
h= = 17 h
1 21.50
c y= x
4 f p = 21.5h
1 $752.50 = 21.5 × h
= × 24 = 6
4 $752.50
1 h= = 35 h
d y= x 21.50
4
1 6a Linear equation is c = 2.5w
4= ×x
4 w 0 1 2 3 4
x = 16 0 2.5 5 7.5 10
c
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
near relationnships 14

b b

c c = 2.5w
w uation is J = E +10
9aa Linear equ
15 = 2.5 × ω E 0 1 2 3 4
15 J 10 11 12 13 14
w= = 6 kg
2.5

7a Linear eequation is v = −5t + 30

0
t 0 1 2 3 4
v 30 225 20 1
15 10
b

0a Linear eq
10 NZD = 1.20 × AUD
quation is N
AUD 0 10 20 30 40
NZD
N 0 12 24 36 48
c v = −5t + 30
b
= −5 × 0 + 30 = 30 × $100 = $3 3000
d v = −5t + 30
= −5 × 2 + 30 = 20 × $100 = $22000
e Half its innitial cost iss $1500
v = −5t + 30
15 = −5 × t + 30
5t = 15 or t = 3 years

8a Linear eequation is C = 2 × d + 3
d 0 10 20 30 3 40
C 3 223 43 63 6 83
Worked Solutions: Chapter 8 Linear relationships 15

Review
Multiple-choice
1C
Rise 4
Gradient = =
Run 3
2C
Cuts the y-axis at 1
3C
y = mx + b (y-intercept is 1)
y = −3x + 1
4D
a = kb (direct variation formula)
32 = k × 16
32
k= =2
16
5A
v = −40t + 150
= −40 × 2 + 150
= 70
6C
y = mx + b
c = 30n + 0
7D
c = 30n
= 30 × 12 = $360
8C
C = 50t + 10
= 50 × 10 + 10 = $510
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
near relationnships 16

Short-answ
wer Rise 6
1a 4aa Gradient = = =2
Run 3
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2 y--intercept iss –1
y 1 2 3 4 5 y = mx + b
y = 2x − 1
b Rise 4 1
b Gradient = =− =−
x ‒2 ‒‒1 0 1 2 Run 8 2
y 3 1 –1 –
–3 –5 y--intercept iss 0
y = mx + b
1
2a y=− x
2

5aa
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 2 3 4 5

Gradient
G is 1 and y-interrcept is 1
b
b
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 5 3 1 –1 _3

Gradient
G is –2
– and y-inteercept is 5
c
Rise 2 x 0 1 2 3 4
nt =
3a Gradien = =1
Run 2 y –2 1 4 7 10
Rise 3
b Gradientt = =
Run 2
Rise 10
c Gradientt = = − = −2
Run 5

Gradient
G is 3 and y-interrcept is –2
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
near relationnships 17

6a y = kx
C = πd
Constant oof variation is π
b C = πd
6=π ×d
6
d = = 1.9098... ≈ 2 cm
π

7a Dependdent variablee is Cost (c))

b Independdent variable is data (d))
c

d 2.5 (readd the graph when

w c = 20
0)
8a Linear eequation JPYY = 0.90 × AUD
AUD 0 100 20 30 400
JPY 0 9 18 27 366
b
Worked Soolutions: Chhapter 8 Lin
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Extended--response
1a $18 0000 (read the graph
g when t = 24)
b $24000 ((read the graaph when t = 12)
Rise 30 1
c Gradientt = =− =−
Run 60 2
y-interceptt is 30
y = mx + b
v = −0.5t + 30
d v = −0.5t + 30
= −0.5 × 6 + 30
= 27 = $27, 000
e 60 monthhs (read the graph when n v = 0)
f Gradient of the lineaar equation indicates
i
depreciatioon. Motor vehicle depreeciates $5000.

2a

b 8.5 km/s (read the graph when t = 6)

c 8 seconds (read the graph
g n v = 12 )
when