⋅ =∑ ⋅⋅ = ∑∑ ⋅⋅ = ∑∑ ⋅⋅ = ∑∑

= = = = = = =

⋅⋅⋅ = ∑∑∑
= = =

= ∑∑ − ⋅⋅
= ∑∑∑ − ⋅⋅⋅

= = = = =

=∑ ⋅
− ⋅⋅
= ∑ ⋅⋅ − ⋅⋅⋅

= =

= − = ∑ ⋅⋅ − ⋅⋅⋅

 = ∑∑ ⋅ − ∑ ⋅⋅
= = =
=
∑
−

= − ⋅⋅ + ⋅⋅⋅

− =

= = − − −  

= −

= ∑∑ − ⋅⋅
= −
= =

= ∑ ⋅ − ⋅⋅
 =
 
 −  − 
=

= ∑ ⋅ − ⋅⋅

= =  − 

= − −

= −
=
= −
=
 
=  −  − 
=

! " # $ $