A

Seminar Report
On
“AUTOMOBILE SAFETY SYSTEMS”
Submitted by
VIVEK DEEPAK MARNE
(2130331612030)
F.Y. B.TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Under the guidance of
PROF. PRASHANT AGWANE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY LONERE
 2021-2022

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

LONERE 402103, TAL:-MANGAON, DIST:-RAIGAD MAHARASHTRA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report, entitled AUTOMOBILE SAFETY SYSTEM is a

bonafide work carried out by Mr.VIVEK DEEPAK MARNE (2130331612030) of First Year

Bachelor of Technology in mechanical Engineering of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological

University, Lonere in academic year 2021-2022

Prof.Prashant Agwane Dr.Neeraj Aggarwal

(Guide) (Head of Department)

Examiners:

1 _____________

2______________

Place:-Lonere, Raigad
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks to our guide Prof. Prashant Agwane constant

guidance and support. Our heartfelt gratitude goes out to her for helping us in every aspect.

We are grateful to Dr.Neeraj Agrawal for giving us an opportunity to study on particular topic.

Also, we would like to thank to all other staff members and colleagues who has helped us.

VIVEK DEEPAK MARNE

(2130331612030)
 INDEX

Sr.no Content Page No

1 Abstract 1

2 Introduction

3 Types of safety systems

3.1 Active safety systems

 1.ABSTRACT

AUTOMOBILE SAFETY SYSTEM

Safety conscious design has always been and remain a vital aspect in car development. The

increasing luxury and power of the cars pays major role for the instability and poor safety of the

automobile .Here is the safety precautions which prevents the major porn parts of human life .This

safety system consist of the Emergency tensioning device ( ETD properly positioned air bags, E-call

and an highly improved XDS tech glasses, which are assisted by sensor to give the maximum safety

for pleasure riding .The position of air bags helps to protect the vital human from injury in case of

accidents .The emergency act of the seat belt tension make the victim to be back rest and relative

lower body movement. We think that this safety avoids the major loss of life in case of an accident.

In the event of an accident ,the onboard e-call device transmits an emergency call to the most

appropriate public service answering point along with certain vehicle related data. Actually it works

either with the human intervention or even without it; there will also always be a voice connection

between the vehicle and the rescue centre in addition to the data link.

2.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction Of Automobile Safety:-

Automotive safety is the study and practice of design, construction, equipment and
regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of traffic collisions involving motor
vehicles. Road traffic safety more broadly includes roadway design.

Crash testing is one of the components of automotive safety.

One of the first formal academic studies into improving motor vehicle safety was by Cornell
Aeronautical Laboratory of Buffalo, New York. The main conclusion of their extensive report is
the crucial importance of seat belts and padded dashboards. However, the primary vector of traffic-
related deaths and injuries is the disproportionate mass and velocity of an automobile compared to
that of the predominant victim, the pedestrian. In the United States a pedestrian is injured by an
automobile every 8 minutes, and are 1.5 times more likely than a vehicle’s occupants to be killed in
an automobile crash per outing.

Improvements in roadway and automobile designs have steadily reduced injury and death
rates in all first world countries. Nevertheless, auto collisions are the leading cause of injury-related
deaths, an estimated total of 1.2 million in 2004, or 25% of the total from all causes. Of those killed
by autos, nearly two-thirds are pedestrians. Risk compensation theory has been used in arguments
against safety devices, regulations and modifications of vehicles despite the efficacy of saving lives.

The rising trend of autonomous things is largely driven by the move towards the
autonomous car, that both addresses the main existing safety issues and creates new issues. The
autonomous car is expected to be safer than existing vehicles, by eliminating the single most
dangerous element – the driver. The Center for Internet and Society at Stanford Law School claims
that “Some ninety percent of motor vehicle crashes are caused at least in part by human error”. But
while safety standards like the ISO 26262 specify the required safety, it is still a burden on the
industry to demonstrate acceptable safety.
 In order to understand how safety systems provide protection it is important to know about
occupant movement in the event of an accident. Upon impact the vehicle either decelerated rapidly
or accelerated when hit by a moving object such as another vehicle. When this occur inertia always
causes the occupants to move in the opposite direction to the applied impact force. The safety
systems are intended to reduce the risk of contact between the occupants and vehicle interior.
However glasses generally prevent the risk of injuries caused by objects entering the vehicle from
outside.

Fig 1 Safety Systems

3.TYPES OF SAFETY SYSTEMS

Traditionally, there are two types of automobile safety systems namely Active safety systems and
Passive safety systems.
 3.1 Active safety systems

I. Active safety systems help prevent accidents and thus make a preventive contribution to
safety in road traffic.
II. Active safety systems are designed to help you avoid a crash in the first place.
III. Active safety features are designed to keep in full control of the vehicle at all times using
advanced technologies. These technologies attempt to avoid accidents in the first place, and
they are always on, alerting commuters. Thus, these safety features are always “active.”
IV. These systems always stay active while you drive, and continuously work to keep you from
getting into an accident. Most active safety features are electronic and controlled by a
computer.

3.1.1 Types of some active safety technologies

I. Anti-lock Braking system

i. An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and
on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing
the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the
road surface and allowing the driver to maintain more control over the vehicle.
ii. In an anti-lock braking system, your car’s wheel speed is monitored and if wheel lock is
detected, a sensor sends a message to a controller that releases and applies the brake up to 20
times per second, preventing a lock up and helping you maintain control of your vehicle.
 Fig 2 Working of ABS

II. Electronic Stability Control

i. Electronic stability control, also referred to as electronic stability program or dynamic
control, is a computerized technology that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and
reducing of traction.
 ii. Works automatically to help the driver maintain control of the car during hard steering
maneuvers. Helps prevent loss of control in curves and emergency steering maneuvers by
stabilizing your car when it begins to veer off your intended path.

Fig 4 Electronic stability control

III. Lane Departure System

i. In road-transport terminology, a lane departure warning system is a mechanism designed

to warn the driver when the vehicle begins to move out of its lane on freeways and
arterial roads.
ii. Lane Departure Warning provides an alert to the driver if they are beginning to leave the
traveling lane. If there is a risk of the vehicle leaving the traveling lane unintentionally,
the system provides visual and audio alerts to prompt the driver to take action.
 Fig5 Alert of Lane Departure System

2.2 Passive Safety Systems

Passive safety feature is a system that does not do any work until it is called to action. These
features become active during an accident, and work to minimize damage and reduce the risk of
injury during the time of impact.

A passive safety system helps to protect from injury if a crash is unavoidable.It refersto

components of the vehicle (primarily airbags, seatbelts and the physical structure of the vehicle) that
help to protect occupants during a crash

Passive safety systems serve to protect the occupants against serious or even fatal injuries.

2.2.1 Types of some passive safety systems

Air bags

Automotive airbags consist of flexible fabric bag or a cushion designed to inflate rapidly during a
collision. Its function is to cushion its occupants during a crash when they hit objects inside such as
the steering wheel or a window. Modern vehicles comprise of multiple airbag modules in different
side and frontal locations of the passenger seating positions which offer maximum protection during
collision

Fig 6 Air bags

Seatbelts

Seat belts are safety belts installed on the passenger seat of a vehicle to secure the occupant against
harmful movements that may result due to collision, jerk, or sudden braking.

As part of an overall automobile passive safety system, seat belts are intended to reduce injuries by
stopping the wearer from hitting hard interior elements of the vehicle, or other passengers (the so-
called second impact), are in the correct position for the airbag to deploy and prevent the passenger
from being thrown from the vehicle.

Seat belts also absorb energy by being designed to stretch during an impact, so that there is less
speed differential between the passenger's body and their vehicle interior, and also to spread the
loading of impact on the passengers’ body.
 Fig 7 Parts of seat belts

Deformation Zones
Cars have impact absorption or deformation zones at the front and rear of the body
shell. These zones are designed to absorb impact energy during a collision and
dissipate the energy across these areas instead of in the passenger compartment.
They do this by collapsing in a controlled fashion.
 Fig 8 Front and back deformation zone of car

CONCLUSION
The recent trend manufacturers shows keen interest in safety and pleasure riding. The seat
belts and the airbags which are now a important attachment of the cars must be utilized
fully for safer riding. The weakest and most harzdous part the glasses in cars are also now
made to add safety with the advanced technology. If this condition persist the safety factor
in cars will reach a pioneer position. With these kind of improved technology will pay way
for usage of large number of passenger cars.

REFERENCE
 https://www.slideshare.net//automobile-safety-system-224791489
 http://www.123seminarsonly.com
 https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fcartreatments.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fparts-
ofseatbelt.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcartreatments.com
%2Fseat-belt-wont-retract%2F&tbnid=sloy8otiODMy-
M&vet=1&docid=MsrbcNufYNFT9M&w=720&h=598&source=
sh%2Fx%2Fim