ETN 4086

Mobile and Satellite Communications

Lab Report

MSC2: Link Budget Analysis for Satellite

Communications using Scilab

Name : Muhammad Afwan Bin Mohd Ariffin

ID : 1151104911

Majoring : TE

Due Date : 6th January 2023

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EXPERIMENT MSC 2: LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS FOR SATELLITE
COMMUNICATIONS USING SCILAB

1. Introduction

Scilab is a numerical, programming and graphics environment available for free from
the French government’s Institut Nationale de Recherche en Informatique et en
Automatique – INRIA ( National Institute for Informatics and Automation Research).
The software has the similarity operation to MATLAB and other existing
numerical/graphics environments. It can be run using a variety of operating system
including UNIX, Windows, Linux, etc.

Scilab can be used for simple arithmetic operations as well as for some algebraic
operations to generate graphics, to program functions, and to solve linear algebra
problems and ordinary differential equations, among other things. Scilab also can be
program to produce a simple or complex graphic user interface components.

In this lab, will show the implementation of satellite link budget in Scilab. The link
budget will determine what is the size of the antenna use, power amplifier (PA),
power requirement, link availability, and BER (bit error rate). A link budget actually
involves a relatively simple addition and substraction of gain and losses within RF
link. When gains and losses of various components are determined, th e results is an
estimation of end-to-end system performance in real world.

2. Objective

a) To learn the basic usage of Scilab

b) To implement satellite link budget in Scilab

3. Experiments
This section is the screenshot of six experiment that required to run the Scilab code.

Experiment 1
In this experiment, it shows the result to calculate the antenna power and gain for any
given satellite communication antenna.

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 Experiment 2
In this experiment, it shows the result to calculate EIRP for any given satellite
communication link.

Experiment 3
In this experiment, it shows the result to calculate C/N from communication satellite link
considering various losses when input transmitted power is given.

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 Experiment 4
In this experiment, it shows the result to calculate C/N for communication satellite link
considering various losses when saturation flux density is given.

Experiment 5
In this experiment, it shows the result to calculate total C/NDOWNLINK and C/NUPLINK

Experiment 6
In this experiment, it shows the result to noise temperature for any given satellite
communication link.

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 4. Exercises and Results
By using the codes given in the experiments in Section 3,

a) The EIRP from satellite is 49.4 dBW. Calculate:

i. The power density at a ground station for which the range is 40000 km

EIRP satellite = 49.4 dBW = 87096.359

R = 40000 km
EIRP is equal to the ammount of the power that would have to be applied to an
isotropic radiator to give the same power density at a given point.

𝑬𝑰𝑹𝑷
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝝋 =
(𝟒𝝅𝑹𝟐 )

𝟖𝟕𝟎𝟗𝟔. 𝟑𝟓𝟗
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝝋 =
(𝟒𝝅(𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)𝟐 )

𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝝋 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟑 𝑿 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐

𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝝋 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝟒. 𝟑𝟑 𝑿 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 )

𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝝋 = −𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒅𝑩𝑾/𝒎𝟐

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 ii. The power delivered to a matched load at the ground station receiver if the
antenna gain is 50 dB. The downlink frequency is 4GHz.

c = 3×108,
f = 4 GHz,
λ = c/f = 0.075 m
GAntenna = 50 dB
EIRP = 49.4 dBW

𝟒𝝅𝑹 𝟐
𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔, 𝑳𝑭𝑺 = ( )
𝝀
𝟐
𝟒𝝅(𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝑳𝑭𝑺 =( ) = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟖 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟗
𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓

LFS = 10 log (4.4918 X 1019)

= 196.5242 dB

Pr = 49.4 + 50 – 196.5242
= -97.1242 dBW

The calculation of the power density and the power delivered can be computed on the Scilab
as shown below:

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The output of the computed Scilab,

Discussion:
As it can see the value of the manual calculation and computed from the Scilab are
equal and has the same result.
b) A receiving system consists of an antenna having a noise temperature of 60 K,
feeding directly into a LNA. The amplifier has a noise temperature of 120 K and a
gain of 45 dB. The coaxial feeder between the LNA and the main receiver has a
loss of 2 dB, and the main receiver has a noise figure of 9 dB. Calculate the
system noise temperature referred to input.

To = 290 K
Tant = 60 K
Te1 = 120 K
G1 = 45 dB = 104.5 = 31622.7766
L = 2 dB = 100.2 = 1.5849
Noise Figure, F = 9 dB, = 100.9 = 7.9433

System noise temperature, TS

(𝐿−1)𝑇𝑜 𝐿(𝐹−1)𝑇𝑜
TS = 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑡 + 𝑇𝑒1 + +
𝐺1 𝐺1

(1.5849 − 1)(290) 1.5849(7.9433 − 1)(290)

= 60 + 120 + +
31622.7766 31622.7766

= 60 + 120 + 5.3639 𝑋 10−3 + 0.1009

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 = 180.1063 𝐾
This is the code from the Scilab:

The output:

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Discussion:
From the calculation and the computed value from the Scilab, it can be observed that the
result shown a slightly different value which is 0.02376 difference.

c) In a satellite link the propagation loss is 200 dB. Margins and other losses account for
another 3 dB. The receiver [G/T] is 11 dB, and the [EIRP] is 45 dBW. Calculate the
received [C/N] for a system bandwidth of 36 MHz.

𝐶 𝐺
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, [ ] = [𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃] + [ ] − [𝐿] − 10log(𝑘)
𝑁 𝑇
𝐶 𝐶 𝐺
[ ]=[ ] = [𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃] + [ ] − [𝐿] − 10 log(𝑘) − 10log(𝐵)
𝑁 𝑁𝑜 𝐵 𝑇

EIRP = 45 dBW
Receiver’s Figure of Merit, (G/T) = 11 dB
LT = LP + LM
= 200 + 3
= 203 dB
Bandwidth, B = 36 MHz
Boltzmann’s Constant, k = 1.38 X 10-23 J/K

𝐶 𝐶
[ ]=[ ] = 45 + 11 − 203 − 10 log(1.38 𝑋 10−23 ) − 10log(36 𝑋 106 )
𝑁 𝑁𝑜 𝐵

𝐶 𝐶
[ ]=[ ] = 45 + 11 − 203 − (−228.6012) − 75.5630 = 6.0382 𝑑𝐵
𝑁 𝑁𝑜 𝐵

= 6.0382 𝑑𝐵

Below is the computational method by using Scilab:

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The output:

Discussion:
Both method which by using the Scilab and manual calculation provide the same value as we
round off to the fourth decimal place which is 6.0382 dB.

5. Conclusion

From the experiment that has been conducted, it can be conclude that link budget analysis can
be analyse by using a numerical and graphical software such as Scilab, MATLAB and others.
The value may slightly be differed by a decimal point compared to the manual calculation.
This is a matter of the accuracy of the data, the accuracy of the data is depending on how
many decimal points were taken in the value. User also play an important role to write a
proper code to represent and define the result that we desire. Meanwhile, by manual
calculation, normally involves a standard built-in program in the calculator and the round off
values taken at each intermediate steps before the final value.

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