Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers
 Complex Numbers
● Iota and Powers of iota
● Describing Complex Number and its Algebra
● Conjugate of complex number
● Argand Plane
● Representation of complex number in different forms
● Cube roots of unity
Lota and Powers of Lota
So far, the biggest number system we have been dealing with is
“real numbers”. In this chapter we will be learning a new
number system called “Complex Numbers” which is even bigger
than system of “Real Numbers”.
1. Iota and powers of Iota:

We know that in real number is not defined, but now here in

complex numbers we are going to define it.
Its value is called as iota “i”.
Values of powers of Iota:

i1 = i i5 = _______
i2 = _____ i6 = _______
i3 = _____ i7 = _______
i4 = _____ i8 = _______

______ ; ______
______ ; ______
In general i4k + r = =
ir
______ ; ______
______ ; ______
 Question!

Q Find the value of

(a) i57 (b) i128
(c) (d) i2015 + i2016 + i2017 + i2018.
 Question!

Q Find the value of (a) i57

Solution :
 Question!

Q Find the value of (b) i128

Solution :
 Question!

Q Find the value of (c)

Solution :
 Question!

Q Find the value of : (d) i2015 + i2016 + i2017 + i2018.

Solution :
 Question!

Q Prove that sum of any four consecutive integral powers of

iota is zero.
Solution :
Let four consecutive integral power of iota be
where n ∈ integers

Hence proved

Remark
Remember above statement as a result.
 Question!

Q Evaluate:
Solution :

(Sum of four consecutive integral power of iota is = 0)

Observation
Observation

does not hold when both a and b are negative.

Describing Complex Number and
its Algebra
Describing Complex Number and its Algebra
If x and y are real numbers, then number of the form x + iy is
called a complex number. Its generally denoted by Z
z = x + iy ; x, y ∈ R
Here x is called real part of z (Re(z)) and y is called imaginary
part of z (Im(z))

Eg: z1 = 2 + 3i ➝
z2 = 1 - 2i ➝
z3 = 0 + 4i ➝
z4 = 5 + 0i ➝
Describing Complex Number and its Algebra
If x and y are real numbers, then number of the form x + iy is
called a complex number. Its generally denoted by Z
z = x + iy ; x, y ∈ R
Here x is called real part of z (Re(z)) and y is called imaginary
part of z (Im(z))
Eg: z1 = 2 + 3i ➝
z2 = 1 - 2i ➝
z3 = 0 + 4i ➝
z4 = 5 + 0i ➝
(a) If x = 0 then z is called purely imaginary.
Remark
(b) If y = 0 then z is called purely real
 Question!

Q Roots of the equation z2 + z + 1 = 0 have

A Positive real part

B negative imaginary part

C Non-zero imaginary part

D zero real part

 Question!

Q Roots of the equation z2 + z + 1 = 0 have

A Positive real part

B negative imaginary part

C Non-zero imaginary part

D zero real part

Solution :
 Algebra of complex numbers
1. Equality: Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2
Then, z1 = z2 If x1 = x2 and y1 = y2
Note: Inequalities do not occur in complex number i.e. we
cannot compare two complex numbers.
1 + 2i < 5 + 10i is a wrong statement
Algebra of complex numbers

2. Addition and subtraction

z1 + z2 = (x1 + x2) + i(y1 + y2)
z1 - z2 = (x1 - x2) + i(y1 - y2)
Eg. (2 + 3i) + (5 + 7i) =
(2 + 3i) - (1 - 2i) =
Observation
3. Multiplication
z1 × z2 = (x1 + iy1) × (x2 + iy2) =
Eq. (a) (2 + 5i) × (-3 × 2i) =
(b) (a + ib) × (a - ib) =
Observation

i.e.,
 Question!

Q If z = x + iy then Re(z2) and Im(z2) are respectively

A x2 + y2 and 2xy

B x2 - y2 and -2xy

C x2 - y2 and 2xy

D x2 - y2 and 2xyi
 Question!

Q If z = x + iy then Re(z2) and Im(z2) are respectively

A x2 + y2 and 2xy

B x2 - y2 and -2xy

C x2 - y2 and 2xy

D x2 - y2 and 2xyi
Solution :
 3. Division

Eg. (a)

(b)

(c)

Remark is called reciprocal or multiplicative inverse

of a + ib
 Question!

Q Find the smallest positive integer n for which

(1 + i)2n = (1 - i)2n.
Solution :
 Question!

Q
Solution :
Solution :
 Question!

Q If z2 + (3 + 2i)z + (1 +ai) = 0 has a real root then find ‘a’.

Note
D ≥ 0 works only if coefficients are real.
Solution :
Value of a polynomial at a complex number
 Question!

Q Find value of (a) x3 + 7x2 - x + 16 at x = 1 + 2i

(b) x3 - 5x2 + 33x - 19 at x = 2 + 5i
 Question!

Q Find value of (a) x3 + 7x2 - x + 16 at x = 1 + 2i

Solution :
 Question!

Q Find value of (b) x3 - 5x2 + 33x - 19 at x = 2 + 5i

Solution :
Square root of a complex number
 Question!

Q (a) Find square root of i. (b) Evaluate

 Question!

Q (a) Find square root of i.

 Question!

Q (b) Evaluate
Solution :
Solution :
Conjugate of a Complex Number
 Conjugate of a complex number
Let z = x + iy then its conjugate, denoted by is defined as x - iy
So,
i.e., sign of imaginary part changes.
Eg:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
 Question!

Q If (x - iy)(3 + 5i) is the conjugate of (-6 -24i), then values of x

and y are respectively

A 3, -3

B 3, 4

C -3, 4

D -3, -4
 Question!

Q If (x - iy)(3 + 5i) is the conjugate of (-6 -24i), then values of x

and y are respectively

A 3, -3

B 3, 4

C -3, 4

D -3, -4
Solution :
 Question!

Q Solve for z:
(a)
(b)
 Question!

Q Solve for z: (a)

Solution :
 Question!

Q Solve for z: (b)

Solution :
 Question!

Q Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers.

If then what are the values of x × y

A ±2

B ±15

C ±30

D 2

Hint and
 Question!

Q Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers.

If then what are the values of x × y

A ±2

B ±15

C ±30

D 2
Solution :

As
Solving both we get
2x2 = 8 and 2y2 = 2
x2 = 4 y2 = 1
x = ±2 y = ±1
Then x × y = ±2
Properties of conjugate
(1)
(2) ;

(3)

(4)
(5)

(6) (a)
(b)
Note
Prop - 6 is used a lot whenever we have to work around
Re(z) or Im(z).
 Question!

Q If then z is

A Purely real

B Purely imaginary

C Zero

D None
 Question!

Q If then z is

A Purely real

B Purely imaginary

C Zero

D None
Solution :
 Question!

Q If then z is

A Purely real

B Purely imaginary

C Zero

D None
 Question!

Q If then z is

A Purely real

B Purely imaginary

C Zero

D None
Solution :
 Question!

Q is a purely imaginary number (z ≠ -1), then the

value of |z| is

A -1

B 1

C 2

D -2
 Question!

Q is a purely imaginary number (z ≠ -1), then the

value of |z| is

A -1

B 1

C 2

D -2
Solution :
Recall
 Question!

Q If then

A IIT 1982
Re(z) = 0

B Im(z) = 0

C Re(z) > 0, Im(z) > 0

D Re(z) > 0, Im(z) < 0

 Question!

Q If then

A IIT 1982
Re(z) = 0

B Im(z) = 0

C Re(z) > 0, Im(z) > 0

D Re(z) > 0, Im(z) < 0

Solution :
MASTER CLASS
TEACHER TEACHER
 JEE 2023
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