Sukhesh Kothari

CCNA, N+ Level 4: CCIE

Duration: 2 Weeks.
Level 3: CCNP
Hindi English.

7:30-9:30 PM Level 2: CCNA

Level 1: Networking (N+)

ISO-OSI Model.

Application Layer 7
Presentation Layer 6
Session Layer 5
Transport Layer 4
Network Layer 3
Datalink Layer 2
Physical Layer 1

ARP: Address Resolution Protocol.

 S2
S1
P6 000D.BDCC.E400 F0/1
P1 0060.5CE4.886D F0/1
P7 0050.0FEA.46C6 F0/2
P2 00E0.F7B4.E940 F0/2
P8 000A.F37A.32C4 F0/3
P3 00D0.D3C4.1B0D F0/3
P9 0001.6461.CEB2 F0/4
P4 00E0.8F44.33BC F0/4
P10 0030.F25E.AB0C F0/5
P5 0040.0BBE.421A F0/5
P1 0060.5CE4.886D G0/1
P6 000D.BDCC.E400 G0/1
P2 00E0.F7B4.E940 G0/1
P7 0050.0FEA.46C6 G0/1
P3 00D0.D3C4.1B0D G0/1
P8 000A.F37A.32C4 G0/1
P4 00E0.8F44.33BC G0/1
P9 0001.6461.CEB2 G0/1
P5 0040.0BBE.421A G0/1
P10 0030.F25E.AB0C G0/1
VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network:

VLAN Trunking: VLAN Trunk.

VTP: Virtual Trunk Protocol.

CISCO IOS:

Level 1: User Mode

>
Level 2: Privilege Mode
STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. (STP)

Redundancy

ARP

ARP ARP
ARP

S1
S2
P1 0060.5CE4.886D F0/1
P6 000D.BDCC.E400 F0/1
P2 00E0.F7B4.E940 F0/2
P7 0050.0FEA.46C6 F0/2
P3 00D0.D3C4.1B0D F0/3
P8 000A.F37A.32C4 F0/3
P4 00E0.8F44.33BC F0/4
P9 0001.6461.CEB2 F0/4
P5 0040.0BBE.421A F0/5
P10 0030.F25E.AB0C F0/5
P6 000D.BDCC.E400 G0/1
P1 0060.5CE4.886D G0/1
P7 0050.0FEA.46C6 G0/1
P2 00E0.F7B4.E940 G0/1
P8 000A.F37A.32C4 G0/1
P3 00D0.D3C4.1B0D G0/1
P9 0001.6461.CEB2 G0/1
P4 00E0.8F44.33BC G0/1
P10 0030.F25E.AB0C G0/1
P5 0040.0BBE.421A G0/1
 Broadcast Storm.

Forwarding loops.

Root Port
Root Bridge
0060.2f64.e001
0001.c7dc.8801

S1 S2
0060.2f64.e002 0001.c7dc.8802
32769 32769

Rule 1: Lowest Bridge Priority Number

8 4 2 1 Rule 2: Lowest MAC Address.

0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0 48 bit hexa decimal format. 6+10=16
7 0 1 1 1
00E0.F9D3.116B
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
10=A 1 0 1 0
11=B 1 0 1 1
12=C 1 1 0 0
13= 1 1 0 1
D
14=E 1 1 1 0
15=F 1 1 1 1
B0-A4-60-D7-7D-78

Layer 2:

VLAN, VLAN_Trunking, VTP, STP.

Layer 3:

IP Addressing.

Internet Protocol.

IPv4 = 32 Bit (0101001000110010001)

IPv6 = 128 Bit

IPv4 = 32 Bit (0101001000110010001)

Decimal Format.

00110011.11110000.11110000.01010101

192.168.5.21

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

7
2 2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

172.48.63.54

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

10.100.200.165

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

7
2 2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0.0.0.0

255.255.255.255

0,1=232=4,29,49,67,296=4.2Billion.

Masking:

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

7
2 2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255= Class A

128.0.0.0.-191.255.255.255 = Class B

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0

Class A 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255
Public Use.
Class B 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255

Class C 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255

Class D 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
DoD
Class E 240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255

1. Assign Unique IP address.

2. Communication
 IPV4
Network Bits Host Bits
8192 2223745
2223028
2221068
+91 9876543210
99865338258

+9 65 6621 0904
Subnet Mask:

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

10.10.10.10

255.0.0.0

AND Operation (Multiplication)

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10.0.0.0

IPV4
 Network Bits Host Bits
10 0.0.0
0.0.1
0.0.2
0.0.3

255.255.255

100.200.159.186

255.0.0.0

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100.0.0.0
 IPV4
Network Bits Host Bits
10 0.0.0
0.0.1
0.0.2
0.0.3

255.255.255
100 0.0.0

200.159.186

255.255.255

172.16.148.56

255.255.0.0

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

7
2 2 2 24 23
6 5 2
2 1
2 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5 2
2 1
2 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5 2
2 1
2 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172.16.0.0
 IPV4
Network Bits Host Bits
10 0.0.0
0.0.1
0.0.2
0.0.3

255.255.255
100 0.0.0

200.159.186

255.255.255
172.16 0.0

255.255

192.168.55.69

255.255.255.0

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

7
2 2 2 24 23
6 5
2 2 1
2 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5 2
2 1
2 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5 2
2 1
2 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.55.0

IPV4
Network Bits Host Bits
10 0.0.0
0.0.1
0.0.2
0.0.3

255.255.255
100 0.0.0

200.159.186

255.255.255
172.16 0.0

255.255
192.168.55 0

255
Network Host
0 0.0.0

Class A:

255.0.0.0
255.255.255 8 (Network Bits)
1 0.0.0
32-8=24host.

224=1,67,77,216
255.255.255
2
3 194.250.186.125
4

127 0.0.0

255.255.255
192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L 192.168.5.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.6.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
L 192.168.6.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
L 192.168.5.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.6.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L 192.168.6.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.6.4

255.255.255.0

192.168.6.0
Class A Class B Class C

0-127 128-191 192-223

32-8=24 32-16=16 32-24=8

224=1,67,77,216 216=65,536 28=256

Apple: 10.0.0.0

TCS, Microsoft=

ABC= 192.168.4.0= 256-300=45

Subnetting: “Divide the network into smaller network”

 Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
7
2 2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21 0
2 27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22
21
20
27
2 2 24 23
6 5
22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Subnetting: Changing Host to Network Bit

10.0.0.0-10.0.255.255

10.0.0.1

10.0.0.2

10.0.255.255

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 8 8 8
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N H H H H H H H
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
192.168.64.0-192.168.64.127/25 =S1
192.168.64.128-192.168.64.255/25 =S2
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128

192.168.64.0

64 host.