TSD 2018iTH-steel

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i
Steel Design
Workshop Manual
Copyright © 1992 - 2018 Trimble Solutions Corporation – part of Trimble Navigation Ltd. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents ii (31)
Table of Contents
1 The Interface..............................................................................................................................................3
2 Basic Functionality .....................................................................................................................................4
3 Start a New Project ....................................................................................................................................5
4 Steel Structure Modeling............................................................................................................................7
4.1 Structural Details ................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Loading Details ...................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Modelling ...........................................................................................................................................9
4.3.1 Creating a new model ............................................................................................................... 10
4.3.2 Defining Construction Levels ..................................................................................................... 10
4.3.3 Inserting the Architectural Grid ................................................................................................. 10
4.3.4 Creating steel columns .............................................................................................................. 11
4.3.5 Creating steel trusses ................................................................................................................ 12
4.3.6 Creating steel beams ................................................................................................................ 13
4.4 Creating slabs on beams ................................................................................................................... 15
4.5 Creating roof panels ......................................................................................................................... 16
4.6 Creating bracing ............................................................................................................................... 17
5 Steel Structure Loadings ........................................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Creating load cases ........................................................................................................................... 18
5.1.1 Applying loads .......................................................................................................................... 18
5.1.2 Creating Load Combinations ..................................................................................................... 20
6 Steel Structure Analysis and Design .......................................................................................................... 21
6.1 Analysing and Designing the structure .............................................................................................. 21
6.1.1 Analysis and Design Options ..................................................................................................... 21
6.2 Reviewing the Design Status ............................................................................................................. 21
6.3 Designing and checking individual elements ..................................................................................... 22
6.4 Show\Alter State .............................................................................................................................. 22
6.5 Design Tabular Results...................................................................................................................... 24
6.6 Analysis Results ................................................................................................................................ 25
6.6.1 Model Analysis Results.............................................................................................................. 25
6.6.2 Tabular Analysis Results ............................................................................................................ 25
6.6.3 Member Analysis Results .......................................................................................................... 26
7 Reports .................................................................................................................................................... 27
7.1 Generating reports ........................................................................................................................... 27
7.1.1 Managing reports and their content ......................................................................................... 27
8 Drawings .................................................................................................................................................. 29
8.1 Drawing settings............................................................................................................................... 29
8.1.1 Drawing creation ...................................................................................................................... 29
8.2 Save the model ................................................................................................................................. 31

© Trimble Solutions Corporation January 26, 2019 Steel Design
1 The Interface 3 (31)
1 The Interface
 The Ribbon is located at the top of the screen and is split up into a number of tabs. Each tab is labelled based on the type
of action that can be carried out when that tab is selected. For example, the Model tab allows you to create/edit your
model, the Load tab allows you to apply loads, etc.
 The File tab contains standard options, such as New, Open, Save As and Exit. It also provides a list of Recent Documents
that you’ve been working on.
 The Quick Access Toolbar contains certain tools that can always be accessed, irrespective of which tab you have selected
on the Ribbon, such as Delete, Undo and Save.
 The Project Workspace contains numerous tabs that display different trees of information. The Structure tree lists all
elements in the model, as well as architectural grids, levels, frames, planes and more. Other options include the Loading
tree, which compares loads applied against reactions, and the Status tree, which shows the status of various validations
and analyses completed.
 The Properties window list all properties associated with whatever items are selected in the model.
 The Scene Views show various different views of the model, including 3D views, 2D plans, frames and planes. These views
can also display the model in different View Modes, including Structural, Solver, Results and Review.
 The Scene Content window allows you to control what information is displayed in the current view.
 The Loading drop list controls the active load case or combination, and allows you to either apply loads or view results for
the selected option.
 The Status Bar shows the units, design codes used and allows you to switch between View Modes.
 The yellow Information Bar shows the currently active command, what the next step for that command is, and to press
Esc to exit the command.

2 Basic Functionality 4 (31)
2 Basic Functionality
 Selecting – When no command is active, you are automatically in Select mode. If you want to edit an existing item,
you must select it and then edit its properties.
• To select an individual element, simply left click on that object.
• To add an individual element to an existing selection, hold the CTRL key whilst you left
click.
• If you place your cursor over multiple elements, the Select Entity window will
automatically appear; use the scroll buttons on your keyboard or tab key to highlight
the reference for the element you want to select, and then left click or press enter.
• You can select multiple elements by holding the left mouse button down and dragging
a window around the objects. Other select options are available.
 Deleting – Clicking the Delete button, either on your keyboard or from the Quick
Access Toolbar, deletes whatever you currently have selected. You can also
activate Delete first, then click on the item to be deleted. You can also delete by
dragging a window around multiple elements.
• Navigating a scene view - Below are several of the basic ways to navigate a scene view.
• Zoom – Scroll up or down using the mouse scroll wheel.
• Pan – Press and hold the mouse scroll button down, then move the mouse.
• Rotate (3D view only) - Press and hold the right mouse button, then move the mouse.
• Exiting a command – Once you have finished using a particular command, you need to press the Esc button on
your keyboard to exit from that command. If you don’t do this, that command will remain active for the scene
view that it was activated in.

3 Start a New Project 5 (31)
3 Start a New Project
Before creating a new model, the Settings and Materials should be reviewed to ensure the required options are selected.
New models take a lot of these settings to create their own model settings for the new file, and can include information such
as the default section sizes and the concrete grades.
Once the new project has been created, its model settings can be reviewed and amended via the Model Settings.
 Click on Tekla Structural Designer 2017i icon on the Desktop to launch it
 Click on the Settings button

 Select the settings set as Singapore Settings via Import... button
 Click on >>Active button to make the selected settings set to be active
 In the Settings list, select on Design Codes and set the Head Code to be Singapore (Eurocode)
 Click OK to accept the changes and exit Settings window

3 Start a New Project 6 (31)
 Click on the Materials button

 In the Materials list, select on Material and set Material Type to Steel
 Select on S355 from the Available Grades list and click on >>Default button to set it as Default Grade
 Click Close to accept the changes and exit Materials window

4 Steel Structure Modeling 7 (31)
4 Steel Structure Modeling
Base Plan and Structure 3D views
First Floor and Second Floor Plan (identical)

Frame 1 (and 3) and Frame 2 (bracing omitted)
Bracing layout (3D view and Plan view of roof)

4.1 Structural Details
• Design Code = Singapore Eurocode

• 4 storeys of 4.0m
• X direction bays = 2 x 6.0m
• Y direction bays = 2 x 6.0m
• 9 steel columns, orientation and height as shown on screenshots above.
 Auto design using ‘UC Column Continental’ section order file, S355
• Steel beams, as shown on screenshots above.
 Auto design using ‘UB Beam Continental’ section order file, S355
 1st and 2nd floor level fully restrained.
• Eaves level and above unrestrained.
• Steel Howe pitched roof trusses, as shown on screenshots above
 Auto design using ‘SHS Hollow Continental’ section order file, S355
 4 panel divisions left and right, 4m height
• 2-way slab, 150mm depth, C32/40 concrete
• 1-way slab, 150mm depth, C32/40 concrete
• Steel bracings, as shown on screenshots above.
 Select CHS 88.9 x 5.0 from ‘CHS Hollow Continental’ section order file, S355
4.2 Loading Details
• Self-weight of frame = Automatically Applied

• Slab dead load = Automatically Applied
• Dead finishes area load all floors = 0.5 kN/m2 (Dead - Level load)
• Dead perimeter beam wall load = 8.0 kN/m (Dead - Member load)
• Services area load all floors = 1.0 kN/m2 (Services - Level load)
• Imposed area load on 1-way slab = 3.5 kN/m2 (Imposed - Slab load)
• Imposed area load on 2-way slab = 4.0 kN/m2
(Imposed - Slab load)
• Roof Imposed area load = 0.6 kN/m2 (Roof Imposed - Area load)
• Roof dead area load = 0.4 kN/m2 (Dead - Area load)
4.3 Modelling
All standard modelling commands are accessed from the Model ribbon tab.

4.3.1 Creating a new model
Before creating a new model, the Settings and Materials commands on the Home ribbon tab should be reviewed to ensure
the required options are selected. New models take these settings to create their own model settings for the new file, and can
include information such as the default section sizes and the concrete grades.
Once the new file has been created, its model settings can be reviewed and amended via the Model Settings command on the
Home ribbon tab. Design code-based features in the program, such as generated Load Combinations, are based on the default
Head Code setting also specified in these windows.
Clicking the New command will create a new blank file, ready for you to insert your model.
 Review the Settings and Materials, then create a new file.
 Move on to the Model ribbon tab.
4.3.2 Defining Construction Levels
New levels can be created by clicking the Construction Levels command.

 Insert the construction levels based on the structural details provided, as shown:
• The Level and Spacing columns can be edited to specify the storey heights and their Z coordinates.
• The Type column defines the setting out position as T.O.S (top of steel), S.S.L (structural slab level) or T.O.F (top
of foundation) for entities placed on that level.
• The Source column defines whether a level is unique or a duplicate copy of another defined level.
• The Floor column determines if the level is a floor or not and can affect imposed load reductions.
4.3.3 Inserting the Architectural Grid
To insert most elements into a model, Grid Lines or Construction Lines are required. To define an Architectural grid, you can
click on the drop down arrow below the Grid Line command and review the options.
 Click on the drop down arrow below the Grid Line command and choose Rectangular Wizard.
 On the Levels and Grid Name dialog, define a Grid Name, then click Next.
 On the Select Origin dialog, accept the default (0,0) position for the bottom left corner of the grid, then click
Next.
 On the Generate dialog, accept the default of All Lines, then click Next.
 On the X direction extents dialog, select Irregular and enter the Lengths 6m, 6m then click Next.
 Do the same for the Y direction extents dialog, then click Finish.

4.3.4 Creating steel columns
Steel columns can be inserted into a model in a Plan, Frame or Structure 3D scene view, and are created by clicking the Steel
Column button. Once the Create Steel Column command is activated, the column’s properties can be defined in the Properties
window. These include the section size/autodesign, releases, restraints, top and bottom levels, and how the column is aligned
in the plan view.
Once the Properties are set up as required, you can then insert them into the model in a variety of different ways, such as by
left clicking on an individual grid intersection or by dragging a window around a number of grid intersections when in a plan
view.
 Click on the St. Base (Base) 2D view.
 Click on the Steel Column command and review the Properties.
 Insert the columns, as shown.
 Then press Esc to exit the command.
To exit a command, either press on the ESC key or double right mouse clicks.
 Select to edit the columns along gridline A & C to adjust their Top level to St.3 (eaves), as shown.
To select multiple members, hold on CTRL key and click to pick or drag a window.

 Select to edit the columns along gridline B to adjust their Top level to St.2 (2), as shown.
 Press Esc to exit the command once all the columns have been placed.
4.3.5 Creating steel trusses
Steel trusses can be inserted into a model in a Frame or Structure 3D scene view, and are created by clicking the Steel truss
button. Once the Create Steel truss command is activated a wizard takes you through the truss creation - defining the truss
start and end positions, the truss type, panel divisions, truss shape and height. Clicking Finish will place the truss into the model.
The section sizes are taken from the defaults in the model settings – these can be edited in the Properties window after the
truss has been placed.
 Click on the Structure 3D view.
 Click on the Steel Truss command.
 Insert the truss as shown.
 Select on the truss, go to its properties window and tick the Autodesign mode.

 With the truss still selected, go to Edit > Copy and paste the new trusses as shown.
Copy command is available in Edit menu or via right mouse click menu.
 Press Esc to exit the command once all the trusses have been placed.
4.3.6 Creating steel beams
Steel beams can be inserted into a model in a Plan, Frame, Sloped Plane or Structure 3D scene view, and are created by clicking
the Steel Beam button.
Once the Create Steel Beam command is activated, the beam’s properties can be defined in the Properties window. These
include the section size/autodesign, releases, restraints and how the beam is aligned. Once the Properties are set up as
required, you can then insert beams into the model in many different ways.
• You can click the support points, drag a window around multiple columns, and beams will automatically be inserted
between them where a grid line already exists.
• To place a beam off another beam,
 Hover over the supporting beam to obtain points to connect to.
 Click on the point required and then move to the second supporting beam.
 Again, hover over a point and click on the required point. If the points do not provide the required position
you can press ‘F2’ and define the distance along the beam.
 In the Structure Tree, expand the option Levels, then double click on the St. 1 (1) and St. 3 (eaves) levels to
create 2D plan views for these levels.
 Ensure the St. 1 (1) 2D view is active by clicking on the view tab.
 Click on the Steel Beam command and review the Properties.
 Insert the main beams on St. 1 (1) as shown. Note the beams are also replicated on the St. 2 (2) level as this is
a duplicate level.

 Go to Edit > Create Infills to insert more beams as shown.
 To insert beam at specify distance - click on Steel Beam command, hover the cursor to the first supporting
beam, press F2, input 2.5m & hit Enter. Then move the cursor to the next supporting beam using the auto-
detected Perpendicular distance.

 Press Esc to exit the command once all the beams have been placed on this level.
 Go to St. 3 (eaves) 2D view, click on the Steel Beam command and review the Properties.
 Insert the beams on as shown.
 Press Esc to exit the command once all the beams have been placed on this level.
 Click on the Structure 3D view, click on the Steel Beam command and review the Properties.
 Insert the ridge beams as shown.
 Press Esc to exit the command once all the columns have been placed on this level.
4.4 Creating slabs on beams
Slab on beams can be created in a Plan or Structure 3D scene view, and are created by clicking on the Slabs on Beams button.
Once the Slab on beams command is activated, the slab’s properties can be defined in the Properties window. These include
the slab depth and diaphragm options.
Once the Properties are set up as required, you can then insert the slab panels into the model in a variety of different ways,
such as by left clicking into an individual axis region, or by dragging a window around or within a number of axis regions when
in a plan view.
 Go to St. 1 (1) 2D view.
 Click on the Slab on Beams command and review the Properties.
 Insert the slabs as shown.

To insert different slab type, go to slab properties window, first set Slab to ‘--New
Slab--‘ and then fill in the new properties input.
 Press Esc to exit the command once all the slabs have been placed on this level.
4.5 Creating roof panels
Roof panels can be created in a Plan, Slope or Structure

3D scene view and are created by clicking on the Roof Panel command. They must lie in a 2D plane and are only used for the
purpose of applying load and decomposing load to the supporting entities.
To place a roof panel, left click on node points (in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction), to define the vertices. Once three
vertices have been defined, the 2D plane for the roof panel is set and you can only continue in the defined 2D plane. To complete
the roof click on the first node point again or double left click the penultimate node point.
The roof’s properties can be amended afterwards by selecting the roof panel and reviewing the Properties window.
 Go to Structure 3D view.
 Click on the Roof Panel command.
 Click node points to define the two roof panels as shown.
 Press Esc to exit the command.

4.6 Creating bracing
Steel braces can be inserted into a model in a Plan, Frame, Slope or Structure 3D scene view, and are created by clicking the
down arrow below Steel Brace and selecting either Steel Brace or one of the pattern options. In this exercise we will use the
steel brace command.
Once the Create Steel Brace command is activated, the brace’s properties can be defined in the Properties window. These
include the section size/autodesign, releases and alignment. Once the Properties are set up as required, you can then insert
them into the model by left clicking the brace start and end support locations to define the location.
 Click on the Steel Brace command and review the Properties.
 Insert the braces as shown.
 Press Esc to exit the command once all the braces have been placed.

5 Steel Structure Loadings 18 (31)
5 Steel Structure Loadings
All standard Loading commands are accessed from the Load ribbon tab.
5.1 Creating load cases
The Loadcases in your model can be viewed and edited by clicking the Loadcases command.
A number of loadcases are created by default, including Self weight – excluding slabs and Slab self-weight, which are then
automatically calculated based on your model.
New loadcases can be created by clicking the Add button in this window.
 Go to Load menu, click the Loadcases command.
 Click a loadcase in the list on the left to review the loadcase details.
 Click Add, and create an additional loadcase Roof Imposed of load type Roof Imposed and then click OK.
5.1.1 Applying loads
To apply a load under a particular loadcase, you must first select an appropriate scene view (1), as some load types can only
be applied whilst in a 2D view, whilst others can only be applied in a 3D view.
If a load type can’t be applied in the scene view you have selected, then it will be greyed out (2).
You then need to select the loadcase that you want to apply the load under using the Loading drop list (3).
Once this is done, you can then select the appropriate load type from the Load ribbon tab (4), adjust their directions and
magnitudes in the Properties window (5), and apply the load to the model.
The Scene Content window (6) allows you to control which load types are displayed.

 Apply all loads to the model under the appropriate loadcases, as shown.

5.1.2 Creating Load Combinations
The Load Combinations in your model can be viewed and edited by clicking the Combinations command. New combinations
can be manually created by clicking the Add button in this window. You can then edit the Name of the combination and control
which load cases are included in it – this is done by selecting the required load case in the Available Loadcases list and using
the arrow buttons to move it into the Included list.
A series of code-based combinations can also be generated automatically by clicking the Generate button in this window, which
will then lead you through the Combination Generator. All that’s required for this model is gravity combination containing all
of the default load cases, and the gravity combination including EHFs.
 Click the Combinations button, and then Generate…to run through the wizard.

6 Steel Structure Analysis and Design 21 (31)
6 Steel Structure Analysis and Design
All standard analysis and design commands are accessed from the Analyse ribbon tab and the Design ribbon tab.
6.1 Analysing and Designing the structure
In a traditional design package we would now run the analysis and then undertake the design of the elements afterwards. All
of the various analyses that can be completed in the program can be accessed from the Analyse tab, and the analysis results
could then be interrogated.
In Tekla Structural Designer, we combine the analysis and design into a single design step, although the analysis is still available
for us to review. This is achieved via the Design ribbon tab.
This process goes through a series of steps mentioned below. You can see which stage the design process is at by clicking the
Show Process button in the bottom left corner of the screen. Elements designed during this process will be designed for the
analysis type set in the Design options. The steps are typically;
• Validation – The purpose of validation is to trap out errors that will likely cause the analysis or design to fail. If
any issues are found, they will be reported as either a warning or an error in the Status Tree. Errors MUST be
corrected to allow the analysis and design to be completed. You can double click on the warning and error
messages to locate the issues.
• Load Decomposition – Slab loads are decomposed into the frame using an FE mesh, ready for the 3D Analysis.
• 3D Analysis – This will analyse the whole model at once, following the analysis and design options made.
• Auto Design/Check Design – Once the structure is fully analysed, Tekla Structural Designer will perform either a
full Auto Design or a Check Design of all frame elements in the model, depending on their Autodesign status and
whether they’ve been designed before or not.
• Design Steel (Gravity) – Autodesign or check designs elements for combinations classed as Gravity. This allow the
quick effective design of elements such as floor beams that are not effected by lateral loads.
• Design Steel (Static) – Autodesign or check designs elements for combinations classed as Gravity and Lateral.
6.1.1 Analysis and Design Options
As with all analysis and design packages, it’s important to check the settings for the analyses and designs to be completed
before running them. This should ensure that the analysis results are accurate and correct, and that the completed designs
follow the parameters you want.
The Analysis Options contain key settings related to each analysis type available in the program, such as the Modification
Factors for E and I values, which will naturally affect the stiffness of the structure.
The Design Options let you control how the various elements are designed, allowing you to specify things like ignorable force
limits.
 Click onto the Analyse ribbon tab, click the Options button, review them and accept the defaults.
 Click onto the Design ribbon tab, click the Options button, review them and accept the defaults.
 Click onto the Design ribbon tab and click the Design Steel (Static) button.
6.2 Reviewing the Design Status
Once the Design Steel (Static) process is complete, the View Mode of your active scene view will automatically change to the
Review View mode, and the newly-created Review ribbon tab will be activated. This will allow you to see the graphical design
Status of each element in the model, as well as the design Ratio. This Review mode will also allow you to quickly change
parameters using the Show\Alter State group.

 Use the Scene Content to turn off the Roof Panels, Slab Items and Loading to see the steel structure more
clearly.
Some other key points include:

• The Status Tree has become active in the Project Workspace, showing the status of the validations and analyses
completed – errors and warnings would also be displayed here.
• The Status bar shows green ticks and red crosses to highlight completed analyses and designs.
• The Review ribbon tab contains several other features to review and amend the model, including seeing which
members are pinned and which are set to be auto-designed or check-designed.
6.3 Designing and checking individual elements
You can right click elements in the model and undertake a number of tasks.
• Check Member to check an entity and see the code design results,
• Edit Member to change the properties of the member,
• Design Member to re-design (based upon the current analysis results),
• Open load analysis view to review the force and displacement results for the individual element,
• Show Member loading to review the applied member loads.
• Other tasks are also available.
 Review a failing brace via Check Member to review the results.
 Design a failing brace via Design Member.
6.4 Show\Alter State
Show\Alter State allows you to show and alter the state of the model.
Auto\Check Design allows you to review quickly which elements are in auto design mode and which are in check mode i.e.
have a section assigned.
 Use Auto\Check Design to confirm that all entities have a section and hence are in check mode (Off).

Reset all the failing entities back to auto design so that you can run the Steel Design (Static) to size them again for all
combinations.
 Set all braces to Autodesign status to On.
 Click onto the Design ribbon tab and click the Design Steel (Static) button to design (size) the entities with
their Auto\Check Design status to On.
 Return to the Review view and Status to review the updated design status for the model.
Copy properties provides the ability to copy sections of the properties to other entities in the model.
 Use Copy Properties to make all external primary beams along gridline 3, UB 406x140x39 section.
Show\Alter State – Steel section provides the ability to rationalise the model by assigning the same steel section to other
entities in the model .This can be useful for rationalising a floor plate to ensure the same section is utilised. Define the section
to apply in the properties window and then left click on entities in the model to assign the properties.
 Use Show\Alter State command – [A]ttribute set to Steel section and make all internal primary beams along
gridline 2, UB 457x152x52.3 section.

Once changes occur to the model the analysis and design results are no longer valid, as indicated on the status tree.
 Switch back to the Design ribbon tab and re-run the Design Steel (Static) which will update the analysis and
design status for all combinations.
6.5 Design Tabular Results
Tabular design data can be reviewed by clicking on the Tabular Data icon on the Review tab. You can then set the view type
(1) to review Sway, Design summary or Material list and apply further filters via the review data ribbon.
 Review the Sway results to determine the sway susceptibility of the structure.
From the sway details, we know that the structure is susceptible to sway in Direction 1 hence you can run 2nd order p-delta
analysis (via Design > Options) or you can adjust to increase the structure stiffness for Direction 1.
In this example, you can rotate all columns to 90o (i.e. stronger stiffness in Dir-1) and turn on Autodesign with section order
changed to ‘UB Beam Continental’. Then re-design using Design Steel (Static) and there is no sway issue reported.

6.6 Analysis Results
6.6.1 Model Analysis Results
Once an analysis has been completed, the results can be interrogated by switching view mode to the
Results View on the Status Bar (1) or via the context menu of the view tab (2), and a newly-created Results ribbon tab (3) will
be activated. Here, you can choose which analysis you want to view the results for, such as 1st Order Linear, and also select
the type of results you want to view, such as deflections, moment & shear diagrams, and reactions. The results displayed are
dependent on the load case, combination or envelope selected in the Loading Drop List, and you can adjust the scale of the
diagrams using the Scale Settings.
If you are unsure why you are getting certain results, you can also try switching view mode to the Solver View on the Status
Bar, so you can see the actual analysis model that was analysed. See the Help system for further information on the Solver
view.
 Click onto the Results ribbon tab and investigate some of the results available.
 Change to a Solver view and take a look at the analysis solver model.
6.6.2 Tabular Analysis Results
Nodes, Elements, Nodal Forces, Nodal Deflections and Element End Forces can all be displayed in tables by selecting the Analyse
ribbon tab (1) > Tabular data command (2).
Select the Analysis type required from the drop list on the Result Type group (3).

Select the result type to be displayed as a table from the View Type drop list (4).
Finally select the loadcase or combination to display from the Loading drop list (5) if required.
 Review some tabulated results.
6.6.3 Member Analysis Results
As well as being able to view the analysis results for the model as a whole, you can also view the results for individual elements.
These can be accessed through any view mode with the member geometry visible. This is achieved by hovering the cursor over
the element in question, right clicking and choosing Open Load Analysis View. A new view will be opened, and a Loading
Analysis ribbon tab will also automatically opened. This will allow you to choose which results are displayed and from which
analysis type.
 Try reviewing the individual member analysis results for a beam and a column.

7 Reports 27 (31)
7 Reports
Two types of reports are available – Model and Member reports. Model reports are accessed from the Report ribbon tab.
Member reports are generated by right clicking on a member to bring up the context menu and choosing the option Report
for member.
7.1 Generating reports
There are a number of standard model reports available using the Select drop down menu on the Report ribbon tab. Once
the required report is selected here, the Show Report button will display the report in a new scene view.
Once the report is generated, there are a number of options on the Report ribbon tab, including:
• Settings – Control font and text size, margins, page numbering, etc.
• Edit Header/Footer – Control the layout, labels and content of the report’s header and footer.
• Navigation – Navigate through the pages of the report using the arrow commands, or by using the Report Index
to quickly get to specific pages, which will become available in the Project Workspace.
• Export – Options to export the report to PDF, Word, Excel and Tedds for Word.
7.1.1 Managing reports and their content
If you want to create your own custom report, or just edit the content of the standard reports, you can use the Model Report
or Member Report options on the Report ribbon tab.
Select an existing report to edit or create a new report by clicking Add (1) and then entering a Report Name (2).
Content available for inclusion in the report is listed under the Chapters and Options list.
Once the option required for the report are found, it can be dragged into the Report Structure list (3), and then up or down
that list to specify the order.
Filters need to be defined for each items in the report to control the content. You can define model and loading filters and the
analysis method. Model filters allow you to specify if you are looking at the Structure, Level or Frame. Loading filters allow you
to specify if you are looking at a specific loadcase, combination or envelope.
Right clicking over the entries in the Report Structure list allows filters to be applied (4).

7 Reports 28 (31)
For the Filter type - select an available filter or create a new one by clicking Add (5), set the Filter property type (6) and Item
(7) and finally provide a Name to suit the properties (8). This filter will then be applied to the entry and will be available in the
list when you right click an item in the future (4).
You will need to repeat steps (4) to (8) to define the other filter types.
 Try generating a default report and creating your own report style.

8 Drawings 29 (31)
8 Drawings
All currently available standard drawing commands are accessed from the Draw ribbon tab and from the right click context
menu of an entity.
8.1 Drawing settings
Once elements have been designed, drawings of them can be created. All drawings are created based on the Drawing Settings
which controls presentation and the Design Options which controls detailing preferences. Drawing Settings can be accessed
by clicking the Edit option on the Draw ribbon tab. These settings allow you to control a wide variety of things, including what
information is displayed in each type of drawing, the colours of the different layers, section information, labelling and
dimensioning. The detail drawings will be generated as DXF files and will be displayed by exporting them to another program,
so you’ll need a program such as AutoCAD or TrueView to be able to view them.
 Go onto the Draw ribbon tab and review the Drawing Settings.
8.1.1 Drawing creation
You can generate drawings of the currently active plan, frame or slope scene view by clicking on the General Arrangement
button. The DXF Export Preferences dialog allows you to define the filename, layer configuration, layer style, scale and text
block spacing.
The layer configuration defines the layers that are active for export to create drawings such as General Arrangement, Floor
Loading, Beam End Forces and Foundation Reactions. These are controlled via the Drawing Settings button.
 Ensure the St 1 (1) 2D view is active and click on the General Arrangement button.
 Review the settings, accept the defaults and click OK to generate a General Arrangement drawing. This will be
automatically be opened in your DXF application.

8 Drawings 30 (31)
Although individual drawings can be created as and when required, it is often more efficient to create a batch of drawings in a
single operation. This becomes an almost essential requirement when working in large models.
The Drawing Management... command facilitates this process allowing you to:
• Select the drawing variant
• Either manually add a drawing sheet, or generate a series of drawing sheets
• Select the frames, levels or members for which drawings are to be created
• Arrange the drawings on the drawing sheet, (either in a linear or grid arrangement)
• For load dependant drawing variants, select the loadcases/combinations
• Create drawing revisions
• View the revision history
• Reset bar marks on concrete detail drawings (in order to remove gaps in the bar mark numbering)
 Click on the Drawing Management… button.
 Try to add first floor plan and an elevation view into a single drawing.

8 Drawings 31 (31)
Beam End Forces drawings are typically created to assist connection design in steel structures. (Note: these forces are not
relevant in concrete structures and therefore do not get displayed for concrete beams.)
 Ensure the St 1 (1) 2D view is active
 From the Loading drop list select Combination 1 to be displayed.
 Click on the Beam End Forces button.
 Review the settings, accept the defaults and click OK to generate the drawing
8.2 Save the model
 Click on File menu and choose a suitable saving mode


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Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

3 Start a New Project

 Click on the Settings button

 Click OK to accept the changes and exit Settings window

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

 Click on the Materials button

 Click Close to accept the changes and exit Materials window

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4 Steel Structure Modeling

Base Plan and Structure 3D views

First Floor and Second Floor Plan (identical)

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Frame 1 (and 3) and Frame 2 (bracing omitted)

Bracing layout (3D view and Plan view of roof)

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.1 Structural Details

• Design Code = Singapore Eurocode

4.2 Loading Details

• Self-weight of frame = Automatically Applied

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.3.1 Creating a new model

4.3.2 Defining Construction Levels

New levels can be created by clicking the Construction Levels command.

4.3.3 Inserting the Architectural Grid

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.3.4 Creating steel columns

 Then press Esc to exit the command.

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.3.5 Creating steel trusses

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.3.6 Creating steel beams

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

 Go to Edit > Create Infills to insert more beams as shown.

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.4 Creating slabs on beams

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.5 Creating roof panels

Roof panels can be created in a Plan, Slope or Structure

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

4.6 Creating bracing

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

5 Steel Structure Loadings

5.1 Creating load cases

5.1.1 Applying loads

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

5.1.2 Creating Load Combinations

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

6 Steel Structure Analysis and Design

6.1 Analysing and Designing the structure

6.1.1 Analysis and Design Options

6.2 Reviewing the Design Status

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Some other key points include:

6.3 Designing and checking individual elements

6.4 Show\Alter State

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i

6.5 Design Tabular Results

Tekla Structural Designer 2018i