Transcendent:

exceeding or surpassing

(in the philosophy of Kant) beyond or before experience; a priori

"that which goes beyond" (transcends) any possible knowledge of a human being.

Transcendental:

of or relating to experience as determined by the mind's makeup (Kant)

transcendental meant knowledge about our cognitive faculty with regard to how objects are
possible a priori. "I call all knowledge transcendental if it is occupied, not with objects, but with the
way that we can possibly know objects even before we experience them

a priori

knowledge which is independent of experience eg maths, logic

eg All men are mortal. Harold is a man. Therefore, Harold is mortal.

a posteriori

knowledge which depends on experience, eg science, personal knowledge

the distance of the earth from the moon