INDEX

Sr. CHAPTER PAGE

NO
No.
1 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.1 PROPOSED WORK
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

2 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE SURVEY 3-9

2.1REVIEW
2.2 INTRODUCTION OF SUPERPOSITION
THEOREM
2.3 NEED FOR AN INTERACTIVE TRAINER
KIT
2.4 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
2.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2.6 GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
3 CHAPTER 3 : RESULT AND DISCUSSION 10-11
3.1 RESULT
3.2 ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION

4 CHAPTER 4 : FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION 12-13

4.1 FUTURE SCOPE
4.2 CONCLUSION
5 REFERENCE 14

1
 CHAPTER 1

1.1 PLAN OF WORK

In this project we To verify Kirchhoff’s laws and Superposition Theorem the he objective of
this project is to design and build a trainer kit that enables students and enthusiasts to
experimentally verify the superposition theorem through practical circuit analysis

Total task divided into two month

First week – we have decide the project topic among various project topic as understanding
long time benefit of this project to student

Second week –learn the superposition theorem by the guide verify superposition theorem by
considering different values of resistor and sources

Third week – build a circuit on multisim software by considering t network

Fourth week – select the values of circuit components which implement on trainer kit such as
resistor voltage source and power supply

Fifth week – actual implementation of circuit on breadboard for testing circuit

Sixth week – implements the circuit internally on trainer kit by using wooden box

Seven week – checking the results of trainer kit by giving external power supply

Eight week- prepare a report on project

1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to create a trainer kit that enables students to:

Understand the principles of the Superposition Theorem and its significance in circuit analysis.
Apply the Superposition Theorem to analyze and solve circuit problems effectively. Gain
practical experience through hands-on experimentation with circuits.Enhance critical thinking
and problem-solving skills in the field of electrical engineering.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Design and develop a comprehensive trainer kit to facilitate learning and understanding of the
Superposition Theorem in electrical engineering and circuit analysis.

2
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 REVIEW
The Superposition Theorem is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering, widely used
in circuit analysis to simplify complex circuits with multiple sources. Understanding and
applying the Superposition Theorem are crucial skills for electrical engineering students, as it
enables them to analyze circuits efficiently and solve engineering problems effectively. In this
detailed literature review, we will explore the theoretical foundations of the Superposition
Theorem, its practical applications, existing educational approaches, and the need for an
interactive trainer kit to facilitate learning.

Theoretical Foundations:

The Superposition Theorem, formulated by Gustav Kirchhoff, states that in a linear circuit with
multiple sources, the total response (voltage or current) at any point is the algebraic sum of the
individual responses due to each source acting alone while all other sources are turned off. This
theorem is based on the linearity of passive circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors, and
inductors, which allows their responses to be superimposed.

Practical Applications:

The Superposition Theorem is commonly applied in circuit analysis to determine voltages,

currents, and power dissipation in complex circuits. It is particularly useful when analyzing
circuits with multiple independent sources, such as voltage sources, current sources, and
dependent sources. By decomposing the circuit into simpler subcircuits and solving them
individually, engineers can obtain accurate results without resorting to complex mathematical
techniques.

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2.2 INTRODUCTION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
The superposition theorem is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering that states that
in a linear circuit containing multiple independent sources, the total response at any point is the
sum of the responses caused by each individual source acting alone.

All the components must be linear, for e.g.- the current is proportional to the applied voltage
(for resistors), flux linkage is proportional to current (in inductors), etc.

All the components must be bilateral, meaning that the current is the same amount for opposite
polarities of the source voltage.

. Passive components may be used. These are components such as resistors, capacitors, and
inductors, that do not amplify or rectify.

Active components may not be used. Active components include transistors, semiconductor
diodes, and electron tubes. Such components are never bilateral and linear.

The superposition theorem is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering that simplifies

the analysis of linear circuits. To facilitate hands-on learning and practical experimentation
with this theorem, this report details the development of a trainer kit specifically designed to
verify the superposition theorem.

2.3 NEED FOR AN INTERACTIVE TRAINER KIT:

There is a growing demand for interactive educational tools that engage students in active
learning and facilitate practical skills development. An interactive trainer kit for the
Superposition Theorem can address this need by providing hands-on experimentation with
circuits, interactive tutorials, and guided exercises. By combining theoretical knowledge with
practical application, such a trainer kit can enhance students' understanding and retention of
the Superposition Theorem

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2.4 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
Breadboard or Circuit Simulation Software:

Breadboard: A solderless breadboard with enough rows and columns to accommodate medium
to large circuits.

Circuit Simulation Software: Software such as Multisim that allows students to simulate
circuits on a computer.

Power Supply Unit (PSU):

A variable DC power supply to provide different voltage levels for the circuit.

Should have multiple outputs to provide independent sources for superposition analysis.

Resistors:
We have use a resistors of value 1k, 2.2k, 3k to provide protection against potentiometer

Voltage Sources:
We have use 5V or 12V voltage source for circuit implementation we have choose this values
for easy calculation of superposition theorem and understand basic principle of it

Switches:
We have use switches for turning on a main power supply Toggle switches or push-button
switches to activate/deactivate individual voltage/current sources

Potentiometers:
In this project we use 10k potentiometer by varying it we can get a number of readings

Digital multimeters for measuring voltage, current, and resistance in the circuit.

Wires and Connectors:

Assorted wires, jumper wires, and connectors for making connections on the breadboard or
prototyping board.

Voltmeters:

Digital Multimeter (DMM): Provides voltage measurement in DC and AC modes with high
accuracy and resolution.Analog Voltmeter: Provides a visual indication of voltage levels on a
scale.

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Ammeters:

Digital Multimeter (DMM): Provides current measurement in DC and AC modes with high
accuracy and resolution.

Analog Ammeter: Provides a visual indication of current levels on a scale.

Documentation and Manuals:

Detailed instructions, schematics, and theoretical background on the superposition theorem and
how to conduct experiments with the trainer kit

Educational Material:
Worksheets, tutorials, or guide explaining the superposition theorem and providing exercises
for students to reinforce their understanding.

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2.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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2.6 STEPS FOR APPLYING SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
 Currents containing only dependent sources

 Consider only sources to be active at a time

 Remove all other ideal voltage sources by short circuit& all other ideal current
sources by open circuit

• If there are practical sources,replace them by the combination of ideal source and an
internal resistances

• After that short circuit the ideal voltage source&open circuit the ideal current source

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2.7 EXAMPLE
Step1

Find the current flowing through R

Step2

Short circuiting voltage source v2 and finding the current I1

I1=V1/R

Step3

Short circuiting voltage source V1 and finding the current I2

I2=V2/R

Step4

The net current is

I = I1+I2

= V1/R-V2/R

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CHAPTER 3: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 RESULT
 Theoretical Understanding: Students and enthusiasts will gain a deeper
understanding of the superposition theorem through hands-on experimentation with the
trainer kit. They will observe how the total response in a circuit can be analyzed by
considering the individual contributions of each independent source.

 Experimental Verification: By conducting experiments with different circuit

configurations, users will verify the superposition theorem by comparing the measured
responses with theoretical predictions. This verification process reinforces the
fundamental principles of circuit analysis and enhances the practical skills of
participants.

 Overall, the trainer kit serves as a valuable educational tool for teaching and learning
about the superposition theorem in electrical engineering. It enables users to bridge the
gap between theory and practice, fostering a comprehensive understanding of circuit
analysis principles.

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3.2 ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION

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CHAPTER 4 FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION
4.1 FUTURE SCOPE
Future research could focus on extending the application of the To verify Kirchhoff’s laws
and Superposition Theorem to nonlinear circuits and exploring its integration into advanced
circuit analysis techniques. Additionally, the development of educational resources and
interactive tools could enhance understanding and application of the To verify Kirchhoff’s
laws and Superposition Theorem among students and practicing engineers.

Future enhancements to the trainer kit could include expanded circuit configurations, additional
measurement capabilities, and integration with computer-based simulation software for virtual
experimentation

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4.2 CONCLUSION
The development of a To verify Kirchhoff’s laws and Superposition Theorem provides an
invaluable resource for educators, students, and hobbyists a like. By enabling hands-on
experimentation with practical circuit analysis, this trainer kit enhances understanding and
appreciation of the superposition theorem and its applications in electrical engineering.

The superposition theorem is a powerful tool in the analysis of linear circuits, enabling
engineers to simplify complex problems and obtain accurate solutions. Through theoretical
study, simulation, and practical experimentation, this project highlights the importance and
practical implications of the superposition theorem in electrical engineering.

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REFERENCES

www.studocu.com
www.youtube.com

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-10/superposition-theorem

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/superposition-theorem

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_theorem

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