Last Push To Final Exam Paper 1 Manual

LIFE SCIENCES REVISION MATERIALTO FINAL EXAM P1 1 NOVEMBER 2022
NKANGALA
REVISION MATERIAL
TO
FINAL EXAMINATION
LIFE SCIENCES
A
PAPER 1
NOVEMBER 2022
CONTENTS:
NO TOPIC PAGES
1 REPRODUCTION 2- 8
2 HUMAN RESPONSE TO THE 8 – 16
ENVIRONMENT
3 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM & 17– 22
HOMEOSTASIS
4 PLANT RESPONSE TO THE 23 - 27
ENVIRONMENT
LEARNER’S MANUAL
1. REPRODUCTION
1.1 The diagrams below show animals with different reproductive strategies.
Give the LETTER only of the organism(s) with the following reproductive
strategies:
1.1.1 External fertilisation (2)
1.1.2 Internal fertilisation with altricial development (2)
1.1.3 External fertilisation with precocial development (1)
1.1.4 Viviparous animals (1)

(6)
1.2 The diagram below shows a bird’s nest in a high tree with some newly hatched
birds.
1.2.1 State TWO observable reasons why this type of development can be
regarded as altricial. (2)
1.2.2 Explain ONE advantage of the nest being high in the tree for the
altricial development in an ecosystem. (3)
1.2.3 Explain the volume of the yolk in an amniotic egg of the bird that is
precocial as compared to the same size of bird that is altricial. (3)
1.3 The diagram below shows the structure of the human male reproductive system.
1.3.1 Identify AND give the function of the structure labelled:
(a) A (2)
(b) B (2)
1.3.2 Identify the part labelled C. (1)
1.3.3 Give the LETTER of the part that …
(a) produces sperm cells. (1)

(b) stores sperms. (1)
1.3.4 Name the structure that is responsible for the transfer of sperm
into the female reproductive tract. (1)
1.3.5 Explain what would happen to the male’s ability to reproduce if the
part labelled C is permanently blocked. (3) (11)
1.4 The diagram below shows the male reproductive system.
B
E
Male reproductive system
1.4.1 Identify parts labelled:
(a) B (1)
(b) C (1)
(c) E (1)
1.4.2 Name and describe the type of gametogenesis that occurs in part D.
(4)
1.4.3 Test results show that a man has a low sperm count.
Explain why a doctor would advise him against wearing tight

underwear. (3)
1.4.4 A man had surgery and his part A was cut as shown in the
diagram above.
Explain ONE reason why this man will:
(a) Not be able to reproduce (2)
(b) Still be capable of releasing semen from the body (2)

(14
1.5 The diagram below represents the development of an ovum in the
ovary of a female. 2n and n refer to the number of chromosomes (2n
is diploid and n is haploid).
1.5.1 Name the process taking place at 4. (1)
1.5.2 Describe the process of oogenesis. (4)
2.2.3 A contraceptive containing progesterone is

injected at the beginning of the cycle.
Explain the effect this would have on the ovarian cycle shown. (3)
1.5.4 Explain the change in hormone levels that occur during the
ovarian cycle. (6)
(14)
1.6 The graph below shows the level of four hormones in the blood of a
woman during her menstrual cycle. Study the graph and answer the
questions that follow.
1.6.1 How long is the menstrual cycle of this woman? (1)
1.6.2 Name the hormones labelled A, B, C and D (4)
1.6.3 Which line on the graph (A, B, C or D) would be different if

fertilisation occurs? (1)
1.6.4 Explain ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.4.3. (2)
1.6.5 What effect does hormone C have on the endometrium? (2)

(10)
1.7 DIAGRAM I shows the structure of a normal female reproductive system
and DIAGRAM II shows the structure of a female reproductive system
with didelphys uterus. Women with didelphys uterus may have a normal
pregnancy, but there may be complications in some cases such as
ectopic pregnancies, intra-uterine foetal growth restriction, abnormal
placentation and foetal malposition.
Cervix
Cervix Cervix
DIAGRAM I DIAGRAM I I
1.7.1 Tabulate TWO structural differences between the female

reproductive systems as shown in DIAGRAM I and DIAGRAM II. (5)
1.7.2 State TWO possible complications that may occur in a female with
didelphys uterus during pregnancy. (2)
1.7.3 A woman with didelphys uterus is 10 weeks pregnant.
Explain why no other implantation will occur in the second uterus

during this time. (4)
1.8 Describe the structures that develop after implantation to ensure protection
and nutrition of the developing embryo. (8)
1.9 The diagram below represents the relationship between the blood
system of the foetus and that of the mother. The arrows indicate
the direction of blood flow in the blood vessels.
Blood vessel A
P of the foetus
Blood vessel D
of the mother
Foetus
Blood vessel C
of the mother
Blood vessel B
of the foetus
Placenta
1.9.1 Identify:
(a) Structure P (1)
(b) The extra-embryonic membrane Q (1)
1.9.2 Give TWO functions of the placenta. (2)

1.9.3 Blood vessel A is a vein.
Tabulate TWO differences between the composition of blood found in

blood vessel A and blood found in blood vessel B. (5)
1.9.4 Explain ONE consequence for the foetus if blood vessel B becomes
blocked preventing blood flow. (2)
1.9.5 If the blood of the mother and the blood of the foetus mix during
pregnancy, it could lead to the death of the foetus.
Describe how this could cause death of the foetus. (2)
(13)
1.10 Describe the development of a fertilised human egg cell until implantation. (4)
2. HUMANS RESPONSE
2.1 The diagram below represents two types of neurons.
DIAGRAM I
B D
DIAGRAM II
2.1.1 Identify the neuron in:
(a) DIAGRAM I (1)
(b) DIAGRAM II (1)
2.1.2 Identify part C. (1)
2.1.3 Give the LETTER and the NAME of the part that:
(a) Provides electrical insulation (2)
(b) Receives incoming impulses (2)
2.1.4 Which neuron (I or II) transmits impulses to the central nervous

system? (1)
2.2 The diagram below represents a reflex arc.
D
C
Diagram of a reflex arc
2.2.1 What is a reflex action? (2)
2.2.2 Identify the:
(a) Functional connection at D (1)
(b) Type of neuron at B (1)

2.2.3 State ONE significance of the connection mentioned in

QUESTION 2.2.2(a). (1)
2.2.4 Name the neurons as they occur, in the correct sequence, from
receptor to effector. (2)
2.2.5 Explain the consequences of a reflex action if neuron C is

damaged. (2)
2.2.6 Draw a labelled diagram to represent the structure of neuron A. (5)

(14)
2.3 The diagram below shows a human brain.
E
B
D
C
Human brain
2.3.1 Write down the LETTER and the NAME of the part that:
(a) Has its hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum (2)
(b) Is responsible for regulating the heartbeat (2)
(c) Co-ordinates voluntary actions (2)
(d) Has white matter on the outside (2)

(8)
2.4 The diagram below represents the human brain.
Give the LETTER and NAME of the part of the brain responsible for:
2.4.1 Coordinating all voluntary muscles (2)

2.4.2 Connecting the two hemispheres of the brain (2)
2.4.3 The reflex action that occurs when stepping barefoot on a sharp
object. (2)
2.4.4 Secreting hormones (2)
(8)
2.5 The diagram below represents the structure of the human eye.
A
B
C
D
E
2.5.1 Identify part B. (1)
2.5.2 Describe the functioning of part D when a person is in dim light. (2)
2.5.3 Explain the role part A and E when an object is moving closer. (3)
2.5.4 Glaucoma is an eye disease that can lead to blindness. It occurs when
the excess aqueous humor cannot leave the eye because the
drainage channels in the cornea and iris are blocked. This
blockage creates more pressure in the eye which will damage
the photoreceptors and the optic nerve.
(a) Give the LETTER that represents the aqueous humor. (1)
(b) Describe how the pressure in the eye may increase. (2)
(c) Explain why a person with glaucoma may become blind. (3)
2.6 The diagram below represents a visual defect of the human eye.
2.6.1 Identify part C. (1)
2.6.2 Name the visual defect that is represented in the diagram. (1)
2.6.3 Describe the effect of the visual defect mentioned in QUESTION

2.4.2. (2)
2.6.4 Explain the effect if the light rays were to fall on part A. (3)
2.6.5 Explain TWO ways in which the lens is structurally suited to

perform its function. (4)
(11)
2.7 The lens of the human eye changes shape to ensure that a clear image is
formed.
The diagram below shows the lens of two people, a 70-year-old,

and a 17-yearold. Each person is looking at a book that is placed
50cm away. The 17-yearold can see the writing clearly while the
70-year-old sees a blurred image.
Lens of a 17 -year -old Lens of a 70 - year -old
2.7.1 Name the process that occurs when a lens changes its shape for a
clear image to be formed. (1)
2.7.2 Describe the changes that occurs in the eye lens of the 17-year-old
when looking at the book. (5)
2.7.3 Name ONE part of the eye, besides the lens, that is involved in the
refraction of light. (1)
2.7.4 Explain why the 70-year-old sees a blurred image. (3)
2.7.5 Name the visual defect caused when the lens becomes cloudy.(1)
(11)
2.8 Read the following extract.
New blood test may detect

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
AD occurs due to the accumulation of a protein called beta-amyloid that

clumps together to form “sticky” plaques on the brain. These plaques affect
the transmission of impulses between brain cells and may result in the death
of brain cells, leading to symptoms of AD. These symptoms include memory
loss, mood changes, and difficulties with speech.
Scientists observed that beta-amyloid protein was able to travel from the
brain into the blood. This then led to the discovery that analysis of blood
samples could identify whether or not somebody was forming amyloid
plaques on their brain.
2.8.1 According to the passage, what leads to the death of brain cells? (1)
2.8.2 List TWO symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease mentioned in the

passage (2)
2.8.3 Explain how the success of this discovery will impact human lives. (3)
(6)
2.9 Describe how a simple reflex arc occurs. (5)

2.10 The diagram below shows part of the human ear.
D
B
E
A
2.10.1 Identify part D. (1)
2.10.2 State ONE function of part E. (1)
2.10.3 State why part A must absorb the excess pressure waves. (1)
2.10.4 Describe the how the structures indicated by C maintain balance. (7)
2.10.5 Explain why a rupture (hole) in part B may lead to hearing loss. (4)
(14)
2.11 The diagram below represents a part of the human ear.
2.11.1 Identify:
(a) The part of the brain that receives impulses from parts A
and B (1)
(b) The receptor found in Part C (1)
2.11.2 Explain why scuba divers experience pain in their ears when
they dive deeper than 10 m underwater and describe how they
can
correct the problem. (4)
2.11.3 Describe the process of hearing in the middle ear. (4)

(10)
2.12 The following diagram shows the human ear.
F E D
C
A B
2.12.1 Identify the parts labelled:
(a) B (1)
(b) D (1)
2.12.2 Write down the LETTER of the part that absorbs excess pressure
from the inner ear. (1)
2.12.3 Explain the consequence if part A was damaged (2)
2.12.4 Explain how middle ear infection could affect hearing. (3)
(8)
2.13 Describe the role of the semi-circular canals in maintaining balance. (6)
3.ENDOCRINE SYSTEM & HOMEOSTASIS

3.1 The diagram below shows a relationship between two endocrine glands.
Human brain Larynx
Hormone S
Hormone U
Gland R Gland T
3.1.1 Identify glands:
(a) R (1)
(b) T (1)
3.1.2 Identify hormones:

(1)
(a) S
(1)
(b) U
3.1.3 State which hormone (U or S), controls metabolic rate. (1)
3.1.4 State the gland (R or T) that enlarges due to the lack of iodine in the
diet? (1)
(6)
3.2 The diagram below represents a homeostatic interaction that occurs in the
human body.
Hormone
A B
3.2.1 Identify organ B. (1)
3.2.2 Explain why the function of gland A shown here is an endocrine

function. (2)
3.2.3 Name the hormone that is secreted by the pancreas when glucose
levels are high? (1)
3.2.4 Describe the interaction between gland A and organ B when blood
glucose levels are low. (3)

(7)
3.3 The diagram below represents parts of the human skin.

3.3.1 Give the NAME of the part labelled A. (1)
3.3.2 Identify which diagram(s) (1, 2 or 3) represent(s):
a) The body’s response to high environmental temperatures (2)
b) Vasoconstriction (1)
3.3.3 Would the skin release more heat through radiation in Diagram 1
or Diagram 3? (1)
3.3.4 Which part of the brain controls thermoregulation in humans? (1) (6)
3.4 The diagram below shows the structures involved in thermoregulation in

the skin.
S kin surface
Sweat gland
A
3.4.1 Identify part A. (1)
3.4.2 Explain the condition of part A on a cold day. (3)
3.4.3 Frostbite is caused by the death of the tissues around the toes
when a person is exposed to severe cold conditions for a
prolonged period.
Explain why the condition of part A mentioned in

QUESTION 3.4.2 may result in frostbite. (3)
3.4.4 Anhidrosis is a condition which results in the sweat glands

producing no sweat. It can affect the whole body or a small
part of the body. Anhidrosis may be caused by severe burns,
radiation, infection, inflammation, or other injuries to the skin.
Explain why anhidrosis affecting the whole body may lead to death,
when the person is exposed to very hot conditions for a
few hours. (4)
(11)
3.5 The graph below represents the homeostatic control of salt levels in the
blood of a person.
Normal E
C level
Time (hours)
3.5.1 Name the:
(a) Organ that regulates the salt levels in the blood (1)
(b) Hormone that controls the salt levels in the blood (1)
3.5.2 Explain the:
(a) Shape of the graph between B and C (5)
(b) Salt concentration in the urine excreted between D and E (4)(11)

3.6 Read the extract below.
Hypercarbia is a condition whereby excess carbon dioxide builds up
in the body. It can be caused by severe illness, trauma, hypothermia,
scuba diving and improper settings on a ventilator.
It may lead to headaches, dizziness, fatigue or serious complications

such as seizures or loss of consciousness.
3.6.1 What is hypercarbia? (1)
3.6.2 Mention TWO symptoms of hypercarbia. (2)
3.6.3 Which part of the brain controls the concentration of carbon dioxide
in the body? (1)
3.6.4 Describe the negative feedback mechanism in the human body

when the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high. (6)
(10)
3.7 The graph below shows the relationship between the levels of Aldosterone in
the blood and tubular reabsorption of salt in the kidney.
Relationship between level of Aldosterone and

tubular reabsorption of salt
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Level of Aldosterone in arbitrary units
3.7.1 Name the gland that produces aldosterone. (1)
3.7.2 What was the rate of tubular reabsorption when the level of aldosterone
was 6 arbitrary units? (1)
3.7.3 Explain why the trend in the graph indicates that the person had a very
low salt content in the blood. (3)
3.7.4 Calculate the percentage increase in reabsorption between 2 and 5

arbitrary units of aldosterone. (3)
(8)
3.8 The diagram below shows the blood vessels of the skin at different
environmental temperatures. The arrows in the blood vessels
indicate the direction of blood flow.
Skin surface
Blood vessels
Diagram M Diagram N
3.8.1 Which diagram (M or N) represents the blood vessel at low

environmental temperature? (1)
3.8.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1 using evidence from the
diagram. (3)
3.8.3 Describe the role of the sweat glands on a hot day. (3)
(7)
4.PLANT RESPONSE
4.1 Complete the following table BY GIVING THE CORRECT BIOLOGICAL TERM.
A statement Biological TERM
4.1.1 A plant response to an external
stimulus
4.1.2 A plant response to a light
stimulus
4.1.3 A plant response to a gravity
stimulus
4.1.4 Plant growth substance
responsible for cell elongation
4.1.5 Plant growth substance that
promote fruit growth
4.1.6 Plant growth substance that slows
down seed germination
4.1.7 Sharp structures that protect the
plant against predators.
(7)
4.2
AUXINS AS HERBICIDES
There are many different herbicides (chemicals used as weed killers). Most
herbicides that do not contain hormones damage the plant parts above the ground
only, that is the leaves and stems. These herbicides are also poisonous to other
organisms.
Hormone-based herbicides are usually a solution to this problem. They kill the plant
as a whole and they are selective about which plants they target.
Usually auxins are used as herbicides because of their selective nature in the type of
plant they affect. They are most effective against 'broad-leafed' dicotyledonous
plants.
4.2.1 Name TWO place in a plant where the auxins are naturally produced. (2)
4.2.2 State ONE function of auxins which results in the growth of a plant. (1)
4.2.3 Describe TWO disadvantages of using the herbicides that are NOT
made of plant hormones. (4)
4.2.4 Explain why it would be a disadvantage for a farmer to use auxin as
herbicides in a field planted with beans that are dicotyledonous. (2)
4.2.5 TWO advantages of hormone based herbicides (2) (11)
4.3 Study the following illustration of a bean seedling that had been placed
horizontally on moist cotton wool. During the investigation the seedling had
UNIFORM light exposure for four days. After a few days the part labelled A
started to grow upwards.
4.3.1 Identify the specific tropism illustrated by the growth at A. (1)

4.3.2 Name the hormone responsible for the growth movement illustrated above.
(1)
4.3.3 Describe how the hormone mentioned in QUESTION 4.3.2 led to the
upward growth of part A. (4)
4.3.4 A rotating clinostat overcomes the effect of gravity.
Explain the difference in results if this investigation was set up on a

rotating clinostat. (2)
4.4 An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of an external

stimulus on plant growth movement.
The procedure was as follows:
• A glass jar was lined with a layer of cotton wool.

• 15 bean seeds were allowed to germinate to produce seedlings.
Each seedling produced a root tip and a stem tip. The seedlings were
placed between the glass jar and the cotton wool so that the root tips
and stem tips of each seedling were visible through the glass,
• The seedlings were arranged as follows:
- five seedlings with their root tips pointing downwards
- five seedlings with their root tips pointing upwards
- five seedlings with their root tips pointing in a horizontal
direction The sides of the glass jar were covered with aluminium
foil.
• The cotton wool was kept moist by watering it every day.
• The growth response of the root tips was observed for seven
days.
Setup of the investigation at the start of day 1.
4.4.1 Identify the:
(a) External stimulus being investigated (1)
(b) Dependent variable (1)
4.4.2 What is the aim of this investigation? (1)

4.4.3 Define the term tropism.
(2)
4.4.4 Explain ONE step that was done to improve the validity of the
investigation. (2)
4.4.5 Name the plant hormone that is responsible for the growth
response that is being investigated. (1)
4.4.6 Describe the effect of the external stimulus in this investigation on a
root tip placed horizontally.

(5)
(13)
4.5 A group of Grade 12 learners investigated the influence of different
concentrations of auxins on plumule growth. (A plumule is a young
stem that grows from a seed).
The procedure was as follows:
- 35 bean seeds were germinated.

- The seedlings were then divided into five groups of seven
seedlings each.
- A measurement grid was first placed on a wooden board.
- In each group seven seedlings were tied to the wooden board
with cotton thread.
- Each wooden board with seedlings was placed in a beaker
containing a different concentration of auxins.
The diagram below shows the set-up of a single beaker
Wooden board
Measuring grid
Seedlings
Beaker
Auxin solution
- All five beakers were placed inside a dark cupboard for three
days.
- After three days the increase in the length of each plumule (a
young stem that grows from a seed) was measured.
- The average increase in length of the plumule in each beaker
was calculated and recorded in the table below.
AUXIN
AVERAGE INCREASE
CONCENTRATION IN
BEAKER NUMBER IN PLUMULE LENGTH
PARTS PER MILLION
(mm)
(ppm)
1 0.1 1,5
2 1 3,2
3 10 4,8
4 50 2,3
5 100 0
4.6.1 Identify the:
(a) Independent variable (1)
(b) Dependent variable (1)
4.6.2 State the purpose of the grid that was placed on a wooden
board. (1)
4.6.3 State ONE way in which the learners ensured the reliability of
this investigation. (1)
4.6.4 State THREE factors, not stated in the procedure, that should
be kept constant during this investigation. (3)
4.6.5 State the conclusion for this investigation. (3)
4.6.6 Name ONE other plant hormones that influence plant growth.
(1)
(11)
Good luck!!!

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LIFE SCIENCES REVISION MATERIALTO FINAL EXAM P1 1 NOVEMBER 2022

1.1.1 External fertilisation (2)

1.1.2 Internal fertilisation with altricial development (2)

1.1.3 External fertilisation with precocial development (1)

1.1.4 Viviparous animals (1)

1.3.1 Identify AND give the function of the structure labelled:

1.3.2 Identify the part labelled C. (1)

1.3.3 Give the LETTER of the part that …

(a) produces sperm cells. (1)

1.4 The diagram below shows the male reproductive system.

Male reproductive system

1.4.1 Identify parts labelled:

Explain why a doctor would advise him against wearing tight

(a) Not be able to reproduce (2)

(b) Still be capable of releasing semen from the body (2)

1.5.1 Name the process taking place at 4. (1)

1.5.2 Describe the process of oogenesis. (4)

2.2.3 A contraceptive containing progesterone is

1.6.1 How long is the menstrual cycle of this woman? (1)

1.6.2 Name the hormones labelled A, B, C and D (4)

1.6.3 Which line on the graph (A, B, C or D) would be different if

1.6.5 What effect does hormone C have on the endometrium? (2)

1.7.1 Tabulate TWO structural differences between the female

1.7.3 A woman with didelphys uterus is 10 weeks pregnant.

Explain why no other implantation will occur in the second uterus

(a) Structure P (1)

(b) The extra-embryonic membrane Q (1)

1.9.2 Give TWO functions of the placenta. (2)

1.9.3 Blood vessel A is a vein.

Tabulate TWO differences between the composition of blood found in

2.1.1 Identify the neuron in:

(a) DIAGRAM I (1)

(b) DIAGRAM II (1)

2.1.2 Identify part C. (1)

(a) Provides electrical insulation (2)

(b) Receives incoming impulses (2)

2.1.4 Which neuron (I or II) transmits impulses to the central nervous

2.2 The diagram below represents a reflex arc.

Diagram of a reflex arc

2.2.1 What is a reflex action? (2)

2.2.2 Identify the:

(a) Functional connection at D (1)

(b) Type of neuron at B (1)

2.2.3 State ONE significance of the connection mentioned in

2.2.5 Explain the consequences of a reflex action if neuron C is

2.2.6 Draw a labelled diagram to represent the structure of neuron A. (5)

2.3 The diagram below shows a human brain.

(a) Has its hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum (2)

(b) Is responsible for regulating the heartbeat (2)

(c) Co-ordinates voluntary actions (2)

(d) Has white matter on the outside (2)

2.4 The diagram below represents the human brain.

2.4.1 Coordinating all voluntary muscles (2)

2.5.1 Identify part B. (1)

2.6.1 Identify part C. (1)

2.6.3 Describe the effect of the visual defect mentioned in QUESTION

2.6.5 Explain TWO ways in which the lens is structurally suited to

The diagram below shows the lens of two people, a 70-year-old,

Lens of a 17 -year -old Lens of a 70 - year -old

clear image to be formed. (1)

when looking at the book. (5)

refraction of light. (1)

2.7.4 Explain why the 70-year-old sees a blurred image. (3)