Introduce a short background of the product including the raw materials, reaction equation involved

in the process and application of the product. The introduction should be supported with related

references.

In general, the Haber-Bosch process, commonly referred to as the Haber process, is one of the most
effective and successful industrial procedures used to produce ammonia. German scientists Fritz
Haber and his colleague created high-pressure equipment and catalysts in the 20th century to
perform the process on a laboratory scale. Carl Bosch later used the invention to produce an
industrial-level machine in the year 1910. Indeed, this was a significant advancement in the scientific
community.

RAW MATERIALS AND CATALYST USED

The Haber process involves interacting nitrogen (N2) with hydrogen (H2) to produce ammonia (NH3).
In this case, high temperatures and pressures are maintained while using a metal catalyst such as
iron.

Air, which contains 78% nitrogen on average, serves as the process's primary basic resource. The
major source of hydrogen is methane found in natural gas. To separate the carbon and hydrogen
atoms in the natural gas, the process of steam reforming is carried out in a high-temperature and
high-pressure pipe within a reformer. The Haber cycle also uses iron as a low-cost catalyst, to be able
to reach a fair yield in a respectable amount of time. This catalyst will not deplete.

REACTION EQUATION INVOLVED

The interaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia is the foundation of the Haber
process. Notably, the reaction in this process is an exothermic reaction, meaning that energy is
released. The chemical equation for this as follows:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

As for steam reforming process to produce the needed hydrogen, the chemical equation as follows:

CH4(g) + H2O → H2(g) + CO(g)

APPLICATION OF AMMONIA

In agricultural

Most agricultural enterprises utilize ammonia. About 90% of the ammonia generated is used in this
industry. Ammonia often utilized in fertilizers as a rich supplier of nitrogen and other components,
essentially sustaining food production. Additionally, it is also used in the production of liquid fertilizer
solutions that contain substances like urea, salts, and ammonium nitrate, among others. On some
fruits, ammonia is frequently used as a preservative and as an antifungal agent.

In household
Many household cleaning solutions use ammonia as one of their primary components. It is a cleaning
agent that can be used to clean a variety of surfaces, including mirrors, baths, sinks, windows, and
more. Ammonia is also utilized as a fuel and as an antibacterial agent or antiseptic, among other
things.

In petroleum and mining industry

Ammonia is used in the petroleum industry to balance out the acidic components of crude oil.
Furthermore, it aids in preventing corrosion on equipment. Ammonia is also employed in the mining
sector to recover various metals.