A 1000BMT401122302 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Seventh Semester B.Tech Degree Regular and Supplementary Examination December 2023 (2019 Scheme)

Course Code: BMT401

Course Name: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
Answer all questions, each carries 3 marks. Marks

1 Define (i) Contrast (ii) Brightness (iii) Mach Bands. (3)

2 Distinguish the different adjacencies among pixels. (3)
3 What is the need for image transform? (3)
4 List any three properties of Haar transform. (3)
5 For a given orthogonal matrix A and image U find the unitary transformed matrix. (3)
A=1/√2[1, 1; 1, -1] and U=[1, 2;3, 4]
6 Differentiate clipping operation from thresholding in image processing. (3)
7 Identify the main disadvantage of an inverse filter. (3)
8 What are Laplace operators? How are they useful in image processing? (3)
9 What is the chain code method for boundary representation? (3)
10 Identify the role of Hough Transform in boundary extraction. (3)

PART B
Answer any one full question from each module, each carries 14 marks.
Module I
11 a) Differentiate between a digital image and the binary version of the same image. (6)
b) State and illustrate 2D sampling theory. Demonstrate the importance of Nyquist (8)
criterion based on the sampled spectrum.
OR
12 a) Draw a monochrome vision model for the human visual system. Interpret the (8)
properties of the different components of the visual system in arriving at such a
model.
b) What are the different methods of color representation? (6)

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Module II
13 a) Write down the forward and inverse transformation expressions for a 2D DFT. (8)
Enlist any five properties of 2D DFT.
b) Obtain the Hadamard transformation matrix for N=8 (6)
OR
14 a) What are sine and cosine transforms? Explain their properties. (8)
b) Determine the DFT of the sequence x(n)=[0,1,2,1]. (6)

Module III

15 a) What do you mean by bit plane slicing? What would be the effect on the histogram (6)
if the higher order bit planes are set to zero?
b) Given histograms (a) and (b), modify the histogram as given by histogram (b). (8)
Histogram (a)
Gray 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number 790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81
of
pixels

Histogram (b)
Gray 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number 0 0 0 614 819 1230 819 614
of
pixels

OR
16 a) Compare image smoothing and sharpening spatial filters. (8)
b) Suggest a technique to obtain a high pass filtered image in the spatial domain using (6)
a spatial low pass filter.
Module IV
17 a) Elaborate on edge detection using gradient methods. (7)

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b) Perform zooming by interpolation on the given image and convert it into 8 X 8 (7)
image.

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 8 6 7
0 1 2 3

OR
18 a) Explain homomorphic filter with the help of a neat block diagram. Mention any (8)
one application in medical image processing.
b) Compare the performance of inverse and wiener filters in image restoration. (6)
Module V
19 a) Elaborate region based approaches in image segmentation. (9)
b) Examine the contour following algorithm for performing boundary extraction. (5)
OR
20 a) Discuss boundary extraction methods Edge Linking and Heuristic Graph (8)
Searching with the help of suitable examples.
b) Examine the steps employed in an image segmentation techniques used for (6)
biomedical image processing.
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