Igneous Rocks – formed from lava or magma

Magma – molten rock inside the earth’s surface

Lava – when magma comes up
Extrusive Igneous Rocks – sa labas nag foform yung rocks
Intrusive Igneous Rocks – inside the volcano nag foform lol

Granitic Composition (felsic) - the rocks are made up of almost entirely of light-colored silicates
Basaltic Composition (mafic) - Mafic rocks are naturally darker and denser because of their iron content.
Andesitic Composition (Intermediate Composition) - Rocks with a composition between granitic and
basaltic.
Peridotite (Ultramafic Composition)- an igneous rock with low silica composition, being made of olivine
and pyroxene. This kind of rocks are rare on the Earth’s surface and are the main component of the
upper mantle layer of the earth.

Sedimentary Rocks - are formed from the pre-existing rock and other materials like minerals and remains
of living things.
Sediments - bits and pieces of materials (pre-existing rocks, minerals, and remains of plants and animals)
Detrital Sedimentary Rocks - formed from fragments of weathered rocks, like the igneous rocks. This
type of sedimentary rock is mostly made up of clay minerals and quartz.
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks - formed from the materials that are carried to bodies of
water like lakes and seas.

The dissolved materials do not remain in that state for long. With the right condition, these dissolved
materials precipitate (settles out) through physical processes to form chemical sediments.

On the other hand, water-dwelling animals and plants that extract dissolve minerals to form shell or
other hard parts. When they die, their skeletons or shells may gather on the ocean or lake floor. These
remains become the biochemical sediments.
Organic Sedimentary Rocks - A coal is a type of sedimentary rock mostly made up of organic matter.

Metamorphic Rocks – formed from pre – existing rocks

Parent Rock – the preexisting rock
When parent rocks undergo metamorphism, the mineralogy, texture, and sometimes the chemical
composition change.
Low grade metamorphism – low temperature and pressure
High grade metamorphism – strong compressional force, high temperature and pressure
Contact metamorphism happens when magma comes in contact with the rock causing the temperature
to rise within the rock.
On the other hand, regional metamorphism happens during mountain building where a very large mass
of rocks is subjected to high pressure and temperature that cause high-scale deformation.

During metamorphism, rocks are exposed to the following agents simultaneously: heat, confining
pressure, differential stress, and chemically active fluids.
Non foliated rocks ( non-layered) metamorphic rocks – mainly due to heat from contact metamorphism
Foliated (layered ) metamorphic rocks – mainly due to pressure from regional metamorphism
Foliated rocks are layered. Non – foliated rocks typically have a parent rock that has simple chemical
composition.