WIND DESIGN WORKBOOK

© 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski

FOR MICROSOFT EXCEL

¤ THIS IS AN UNREGISTERED COPY ¤

CONTENTS

Topography
Wind speed I not significant
Duopitch roof

Wind speed II Topography Basic wind speed

significant

Overall building loads Direction factor

Vertical walls Effective height

Free-standing wall Significant topography

Flat roof Factor Sb

Click on a button

Other spreadsheets: Other spreadsheets:

STEEL BEAM FOR MICROSOFT EXCEL BAR SCHEDULE 8666 FOR MICROS
This spreadsheet performs an analysis and design of simply supported and
Bar Schedule 8666 for Microsoft Excel is a sprea
cantilever, steel beams bending about their X-X axis and subjected to gravity
for the reinforcement of concrete. The spreadshe
loads. Beams can be either with full restraint or without full restraint. Design is in
comply with BS 8666 : 2000.
accordance with BS 5950-1:1990. Bending moments, shear forces and
deflections are computed at 1/60th positions along the span and the maximums of
The aim of the spreadsheet is to reduce the time
these values are used for the design. This spreadsheet also contains a calculation
reduce arithmetical errors, reduce scheduling err
sheet for checking local web bearing and buckling. The spreadsheet uses UK
BSI specified format for bar scheduling and, eve
steel section properties which have been directly obtained from the Corus
electronic data interchange.
Construction Manual, released on CD in February 2000.
The latest version of Bar Schedule 8666 may be
The latest version of Steel Beam may be downloaded from :
http://www.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk
http://www.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk/

Other spreadsheets:
BAR SCHEDULE FOR EXCEL 97
Bar Schedule for Excel 97 is a spreadsheet for the scheduling of steel for the
reinforcement of concrete. The spreadsheet has been developed to comply with
BS 4466 : 1989 and Amendment No. 1 published 28 February 1990.

The aim of the spreadsheet is to reduce the time taken to produce a bar
schedule, reduce arithmetical errors, reduce scheduling errors, increase
compliance with the BSI specified format for bar scheduling and, eventually,
become the basis for electronic data interchange.

The latest version of Bar Schedule may be downloaded from :

http://www.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk/
Other spreadsheets:
BAR SCHEDULE FOR EXCEL 97
Bar Schedule for Excel 97 is a spreadsheet for the scheduling of steel for the
reinforcement of concrete. The spreadsheet has been developed to comply with
BS 4466 : 1989 and Amendment No. 1 published 28 February 1990.

The aim of the spreadsheet is to reduce the time taken to produce a bar
schedule, reduce arithmetical errors, reduce scheduling errors, increase
compliance with the BSI specified format for bar scheduling and, eventually,
become the basis for electronic data interchange.

The latest version of Bar Schedule may be downloaded from :

http://www.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk/
ORKBOOK Version 2.1

ERED COPY ¤

Size effect factor

Monopitch coefficients

Hipped coefficients

Internal Pressure

Tables

Notes

About

readsheets:
HEDULE 8666 FOR MICROSOFT EXCEL
ule 8666 for Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet for the scheduling of steel
forcement of concrete. The spreadsheet has been developed to
h BS 8666 : 2000.

the spreadsheet is to reduce the time taken to produce a bar schedule,

hmetical errors, reduce scheduling errors, increase compliance with the
ed format for bar scheduling and, eventually, become the basis for
data interchange.

version of Bar Schedule 8666 may be downloaded from :

w.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 01
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Standard Wind Speeds
Dynamic Augmentation
Factor (Cr) Basic Wind Speed Reference height Ss Sp
Kb H (m) Cr Vb (m/s) Hr (m)
1 15 0.025 equ (C.2) 22 15 1.00 1.00
Cr okay - proceed with design Standard values:
Ss=1.0 Sp=1.0

Altitude factor for non significant topography

Site altitude, DS (m) 60
Altitude factor, Sa 1.060 equ (9)
N
I
غ
IV

II
III

Wind directions
Building orientation unknown

Nearby buildings ignored

Wind Direction
I II III IV
Wind direction غ 180 270 360 90
Direction factor Sd 0.965 1.000 0.865 0.765
Site Wind Speed (m/s) Vs 22.50 23.32 20.17 17.84 equ (8)

Nearby Average height (m) Ho 6 6 6 6

buildings Upwind spacing (m) X 20 20 20 20
Effective Height (m) He 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80

Distance to sea (km) 25 25 25 25

Terrain town town town town
Terrain and building factor Sb 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70
Effective Wind Speed (m/s) Ve 38.24 39.63 34.28 30.32 equ (12)
Dynamic Pressure (N/m²) qs 896.4 962.6 720.3 563.3 equ (1)
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 02
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Standard Wind Speeds
Dynamic Augmentation
Factor (Cr) Basic Wind Speed Reference height Ss Sp
Kb H (m) Cr Vb (m/s) Hr (m)
1 15 0.025 equ (C.2) 22 15 1.00 1.00
Cr okay - proceed with design Standard values:
Ss=1.0 Sp=1.0
Altitude factor for significant topography
Upwind Slope Feature Hill/ridge
Parameters Site location Downwind
Z (m) 100
LU (m) 400
yU 0.250 Topographic Location Factor, s
ye 0.250 X (m) LD X/LD H/Le s
Le (m) 400 25 2000 0.013 0.038 0.923

Site altitude, DS (m) 150

Base altitude, DT (m) 50 N
I
1 + 0.001DS 1.150 equ (10)
1 + 0.001DT +1.2yes 1.327 equ (11)
غ
IV
Altitude factor, Sa 1.327

II
III
Building orientation unknown

Nearby buildings ignored Wind directions

Wind Direction
I II III IV
Wind direction غ 25 115 205 295
Direction factor Sd 0.807 0.817 1.000 0.997
Site Wind Speed (m/s) Vs 23.55 23.84 29.19 29.10 equ (8)

Nearby Average height (m) Ho 6 6 6 6

buildings Upwind spacing (m) X 20 20 20 20
Effective Height (m) He 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80

Distance to sea (km) 25 25 25 25

Terrain town town town town
Terrain and building factor Sb 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70
Effective Wind Speed (m/s) Ve 40.02 40.51 49.61 49.44 equ (12)
Dynamic Pressure (N/m²) qs 981.6 1006.1 1508.5 1498.4 equ (1)
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 03
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Overall Building Loads
WIND NORMAL TO: LONG FACE SHORT FACE Building Dimensions
Dynamic Pressure, qs (N/m²) 500 450 Length Width Height
Breadth B (m) 50 35 L (m) W (m) H (m)
Inwind depth D (m) 35 50 50 35 14
Span ratio, D/H 2.50 3.57
Scaling length, b 28 28 Dynamic Augmentation
Factor (Cr)
Standard Pressure Coefficients Kb H (m) Cr
External pressure coefficients Cpe for vertical walls 1 14 0.024
Windward (front) face 0.700 0.629 equ (C.2)
Leeward (rear) face -0.200 -0.129

Standard Wind Loads

Size effect factor for external pressures, Ca
Effective height, He (m) 14 14
Distance to sea (km) 60 25
Terrain town country
Site exposure type B B
Diagonal dimension (m) 51.923 37.696
Ca 0.823 0.847 fig 4

Overall horizontal loads pe P pe P

on building N/m² kN N/m² kN
Front face, å Pfront 288.16 201.71 239.72 117.46
Rear face, å Prear -82.33 -57.63 -49.03 -24.03
Overall load, P - 225.67 - 123.12 equ (7)
Note. -ve sign indicates suction.
Frictional Drag on side walls
Is depth D>b ? Yes Yes
Zone length C (m) 7 22
Area, As (m²/m height) 7 22
Frictional drag coefficient, Cf 0.04 0.04
Ca 0.847 0.823
Pf (kN/m height) 0.119 0.326 equ (7a)

Frictional Drag on roof

Is depth D>b/2 ? Yes Yes
Zone length D (m) 21 36
Area, As (m²/m width) 21 36
Frictional drag coefficient, Cf 0.04 0.04
Site exposure type B B
Diagonal dim. (m) 61.033 61.033
Ca 0.811 0.811
Pf (kN/m width) 0.341 0.526 equ (7a)
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 04
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Vertical Walls of Rectangular Plan Buildings
WIND NORMAL TO: LONG FACE SHORT FACE Building Dimensions
Dynamic Pressure, qs (N/m²) 500 450 Length Width Height
Breadth B (m) 50 35 L (m) W (m) H (m)
Inwind depth D (m) 35 50 50 35 14
Span ratio, D/H 2.50 3.57
Scaling length, b 28 28

Standard Pressure Coefficients

External pressure coefficients Cpe for vertical walls Side Wall Zone Lengths (m)
Windward (front) face 0.700 0.629 Wind on: Long Short
Leeward (rear) face -0.200 -0.129 Side Face: (short wall) (long wall)
Exposure Zone A -1.3 -1.3 Zone A 5.6 5.6
Side face Isolated Zone B -0.8 -0.8 Zone B 22.4 22.4
Isolated Zone C -0.4 -0.4 Zone C 7 22

Internal pressure coefficients Cpi for enclosed buildings

Both opposite walls: Impermeable Impermeable
Windward (front) face -0.3 or +0.2 -0.3 or +0.2 Internal layout generally open
Leeward (rear) face -0.3 or +0.2 -0.3 or +0.2 Multi-room building
Side Faces -0.3 or +0.2 -0.3 or +0.2

Standard Wind Loads

Size effect factor, Ca Panel Dimensions
Surface: External Internal External Internal Height Length
Effective height, He (m) 14 14 h (m) l (m)
Distance to sea (km) 60 25
Terrain country country
Site exposure type B B B B
Diagonal dimension (m) 5.000 173.801 5.000 173.801 Internal Volume (m³)
Ca 1.000 0.732 1.000 0.732 Enter room volume 5250
Net Surface Pressures On External Walls
Wind On Long Face
Elevation: Windward (front) Leeward (rear) Sides
Zone A Zone B Zone C
case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii)
pe (N/m²) 350.0 350.0 -100.0 -100.0 -650.0 -650.0 -400.0 -400.0 -200.0 -200
pi (N/m²) -109.8 73.2 -109.8 73.2 -109.8 73.2 -109.8 73.2 -109.8 73.21055
p (N/m²) 459.8 276.8 9.8 -173.2 -540.2 -723.2 -290.2 -473.2 -90.2 -273.2
Note: -ve sign indicates suction or outward pressure, +ve sign indicates inward pressure
Wind On Short Face
Elevation: Windward (front) Leeward (rear) Sides
Zone A Zone B Zone C
case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii)
pe (N/m²) 282.9 282.9 -57.9 -57.9 -585.0 -585.0 -360.0 -360.0 -180.0 -180
pi (N/m²) -98.8 65.9 -98.8 65.9 -98.8 65.9 -98.8 65.9 -98.8 65.8895
p (N/m²) 381.7 217.0 41.0 -123.7 -486.2 -650.9 -261.2 -425.9 -81.2 -245.9

Net Pressure On Internal Walls

Wind on: Long Short
Cp 0.5 0.5
p (N/m²) 183.0 164.7
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 05
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Free-Standing Walls and Parapets
Dynamic Pressure, qs (N/m²) 500 Wall Dimensions
Height Length
Return Corners h (m) L (m)
Return corners at both ends? No 2.5 50
Is return wall longer than 0.833m ? Yes

Standard Pressure Coefficients

Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D
Solidity 1 1 1 -
Cp 3.4 2.1 1.7 1.2

10.0m

5.0m

0.75m

End of wall
A B C D h

Wall Elevation

Standard Wind Loads

Size effect factor, Ca
Effective height, He (m) 2.5
Distance to sea (km) 75
Terrain town
Site exposure type C
Diagonal dimension (m) 50.062
Ca 0.800

Net Pressures On Wall, p

Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D
p (N/m²) 1360.0 840.0 680.0 480.0 equ (5)
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 06
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Wind on Flat Roofs
WIND NORMAL TO: LONG FACE SHORT FACE Flat roof type
Dynamic Pressure, qs (N/m²) 500 450 With parapets
Breadth B (m) 50 35
Inwind depth D (m) 35 50 Building Dimensions
Scaling length, b 28 28 Length Width Height
Parapet height, h (m) 1.2 1.2 L (m) W (m) H (m)
h/b 0.043 0.043 50 35 14

Standard Pressure Coefficients

External pressure coefficients Cpe for flat roofs Zone Lengths (m)
Zone A -1.83 -1.83 Wind on: Long Short
Zone B -1.27 -1.27 Zone A 2.80 2.80
Zone C -0.70 -0.70 Zone B 2.80 2.80
Zone D +0.2 or -0.2 +0.2 or -0.2 Zone C 11.20 11.20
Zone D 21.00 36.00
Internal pressure coefficients Cpi for enclosed buildings
Permeability of the two walls
Impermeable Impermeable
normal to wind Roof permeable
Roof -0.3 -0.3

Standard Wind Loads

Size effect factor, Ca Internal Volume (m³)
Surface: External Internal External Internal Enter storey volume 5250
Effective height, He (m) 14 14
Distance to sea (km) 60 25
Terrain town town Roof Dimensions
Site exposure type B B Width Length
Diagonal dimension (m) 5.000 173.801 5.000 173.801 w (m) l (m)
Ca 1.000 0.732 1.000 0.732

Net Surface Pressures On Flat Roof

Wind On Long Face
Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D
case (i) case (ii)
pe (N/m²) -914.3 -635.7 -350.0 100.0 -100.0
pi (N/m²) -109.8 -109.8 -109.8 -109.8 -109.8
p (N/m²) -804.5 -525.9 -240.2 209.8 9.8
Note: -ve sign indicates suction or outward pressure, +ve sign indicates inward pressure
Wind On Short Face
Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D
case (i) case (ii)
pe (N/m²) -822.9 -572.1 -315.0 90.0 -90.0
pi (N/m²) -98.8 -98.8 -98.8 -98.8 -98.8
p (N/m²) -724.0 -473.3 -216.2 188.8 8.8
X Y and Partners Project Wind Loading Calculations
address Client Made by Date Job No
Description ABC 6-3-00 2001
tel & fax nos Checked Revision Page No
Wind Design Workbook © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski Unregistered Copy for Evaluation - - 07
Design in accordance with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Wind on Duopitch Roofs
WIND NORMAL TO: LONG FACE SHORT FACE Pitch angle a
Dynamic Pressure, qs (N/m²) 500 450 15°
Breadth B (m) 50 35
Inwind depth D (m) 35 50 Building Dimensions
Scaling length, b 28 28 Length Width Height
L (m) W (m) H (m)
Standard Pressure Coefficients 50 35 14
External pressure coefficients Cpe for duopitch roofs
Zone A -1.30 0.20 -1.60 Zone Lengths (m)
Zone B -0.80 0.20 -1.50 Wind on: Long Short
Zone C -0.30 0.20 -0.60 Zone A 2.80 2.80
Zone D -0.30 Zone B 2.80 2.80
Zone E -1.10 Zone C 14.70 11.20
Zone F -0.90 Zone D 36.00
Zone G -0.50 Zone E 2.80
Zone F 2.80
Internal pressure coefficients Cpi for enclosed buildings Zone G 14.70
Permeability of the two walls
Equally permeable Impermeable Roof permeable
normal to wind
Roof 0.2 -0.3

Standard Wind Loads Internal Volume (m³)

Size effect factor, Ca Enter storey volume 5250
Surface: External Internal External Internal
Effective height, He (m) 14 14
Distance to sea (km) 60 25 Roof Dimensions
Terrain town town Width Length
Site exposure type B B w (m) l (m)
Diagonal dimension (m) 5.000 173.801 5.000 173.801
Ca 1.000 0.732 1.000 0.732

Net Surface Pressures On Flat Roof

Wind On Long Face
Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone E Zone F Zone G
case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii) case (i) case (ii)
pe (N/m²) -650.0 100.0 -400.0 100.0 -150.0 100.0 -550.0 -450.0 -250.0
pi (N/m²) 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2
p (N/m²) -723.2 26.8 -473.2 26.8 -223.2 26.8 -623.2 -523.2 -323.2
Note: -ve sign indicates suction or outward pressure, +ve sign indicates inward pressure
Wind On Short Face
Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D

pe (N/m²) -720.0 -675.0 -270.0 -135.0

pi (N/m²) -98.8 -98.8 -98.8 -98.8
p (N/m²) -621.2 -576.2 -171.2 -36.2
 Basic wind speed Vb (in m/s) for United Kingdom
Aberdeen 24 Edinburgh 23.5 Newcastle
Aberystwyth 22.5 Exeter 22.5 Newry
Basingstoke 20.5 Fishguard 24 Northampton
Bedford 21.5 Glasgow 24 Norwich
Belfast 24 Gloucester 20 Nottingham
Birkenhead 22.5 Grangemouth 23 Oban
Birmingham 20.5 Great Yarmouth 25 Oxford
Blackpool 23.5 Huddersfield 23 Penzance
Bournemouth 22 Inverness 24 Perth
Bradford 23.5 Ipswich 23 Plymouth
Brighton 22 Kingston-on-Hull 24 Portsmouth
Bristol 20.5 Leeds 23.5 Preston
Cambridge 23 Leicester 21.5 Sheffield
Cardiff 21 Liverpool 22.5 Southampton
Carlisle 24 London 21 Southend-on-Sea
Colwyn Bay 23 Londonderry 24.5 Stoke
Coventry 20 Luton 21 Swansea
Dover 22.5 Manchester 22.5 Ullapool
Dumfries 24 Margate 22.5 Wolverhampton
Dundee 23.5 Middlesbrough 24.5 York

Republic of Ireland Channel Islands

Athlone 23.5 Isle of Man
Ballina 25 Isle of Wight
Cork 24.5 Orkney Islands
Dublin 23 Outer Hebrides
Galway 24.5 Shetland Islands
Limerick 24
Kilkenny 23.5 For additional information refer to
Killarney 25 Figure 6, BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
Sligo 24.5
Waterford 24
dom Home
25
23
21
24.5
22
25.5
20
24
23
23
22
23
22.5
22.5
22
21.5
22
26
21
24

24
24.5
22.5
28
28.5
30.5

nal information refer to

S 6399 : Part 2 : 1997
 Direction Factor

Enter غ Sd غ Sd Direction factor, Sd

359 0.868 0 0.780 Wind Direction
1 0.778 I
2 0.777 غ
Angle
3 0.775 179°
4 0.773 Sd 0.963
5 0.772
6 0.770
N
I 7 0.768

Direction factor, Sd
IV غ 8 0.767
9 0.765
10 0.763
11 0.762
12 0.760 1.10
13 0.758
1.00
14 0.757
II 0.90
III 15 0.755
16 0.753 0.80
17 0.752 0.70
18 0.750 0.60
19 0.748
0.50
20 0.747
0.40
21 0.745
22 0.743
23 0.742 Degrees

24 0.740
25 0.738
26 0.737
27 0.735
28 0.733
29 0.732
30 0.730
31 0.730
32 0.730
33 0.730
34 0.730
35 0.730
36 0.730
37 0.730
38 0.730
39 0.730
40 0.730
41 0.730
42 0.730
43 0.730
44 0.730
45 0.730
46 0.730
47 0.730
48 0.730
49 0.730
50 0.730
51 0.730
52 0.730
53 0.730
54 0.730
55 0.730
56 0.730
57 0.730
58 0.730
59 0.730
60 0.730
61 0.730
62 0.731
63 0.731
64 0.731
65 0.732
66 0.732
67 0.732
68 0.733
69 0.733
70 0.733
71 0.734
72 0.734
73 0.734
74 0.735
75 0.735
76 0.735
77 0.736
78 0.736
79 0.736
80 0.737
81 0.737
82 0.737
83 0.738
84 0.738
85 0.738
86 0.739
87 0.739
88 0.739
89 0.740
90 0.740
91 0.740
92 0.739
93 0.739
94 0.739
95 0.738
96 0.738
97 0.738
98 0.737
 99 0.737
100 0.737
101 0.736
102 0.736
103 0.736
104 0.735
105 0.735
106 0.735
107 0.734
108 0.734
109 0.734
110 0.733
111 0.733
112 0.733
113 0.732
114 0.732
115 0.732
116 0.731
117 0.731
118 0.731
119 0.730
120 0.730
121 0.732
122 0.735
123 0.737
124 0.739
125 0.742
126 0.744
127 0.746
128 0.749
129 0.751
130 0.753
131 0.756
132 0.758
133 0.760
134 0.763
135 0.765
136 0.767
137 0.770
138 0.772
139 0.774
140 0.777
141 0.779
142 0.781
143 0.784
144 0.786
145 0.788
146 0.791
147 0.793
148 0.795
149 0.798
150 0.800
151 0.802
152 0.803
153 0.805
154 0.807
155 0.808
156 0.810
157 0.812
158 0.813
159 0.815
160 0.817
161 0.818
162 0.820
163 0.822
164 0.823
165 0.825
166 0.827
167 0.828
168 0.830
169 0.832
170 0.833
171 0.835
172 0.837
173 0.838
174 0.840
175 0.842
176 0.843
177 0.845
178 0.847
179 0.848
180 0.850
181 0.853
182 0.855
183 0.858
184 0.861
185 0.863
186 0.866
187 0.869
188 0.871
189 0.874
190 0.877
191 0.879
192 0.882
193 0.885
194 0.887
195 0.890
196 0.893
197 0.895
198 0.898
199 0.901
200 0.903
201 0.906
202 0.909
203 0.911
204 0.914
205 0.917
206 0.919
207 0.922
208 0.925
209 0.927
210 0.930
211 0.932
212 0.935
213 0.937
214 0.939
215 0.942
216 0.944
217 0.946
218 0.949
219 0.951
220 0.953
221 0.956
222 0.958
223 0.960
224 0.963
225 0.965
226 0.967
227 0.970
228 0.972
229 0.974
230 0.977
231 0.979
232 0.981
233 0.984
234 0.986
235 0.988
236 0.991
237 0.993
238 0.995
239 0.998
240 1.000
241 1.000
242 0.999
243 0.999
244 0.999
245 0.998
246 0.998
247 0.998
248 0.997
249 0.997
250 0.997
251 0.996
252 0.996
253 0.996
254 0.995
255 0.995
256 0.995
257 0.994
258 0.994
259 0.994
260 0.993
261 0.993
262 0.993
263 0.992
264 0.992
265 0.992
266 0.991
267 0.991
268 0.991
269 0.990
270 0.990
271 0.987
272 0.985
273 0.982
274 0.979
275 0.977
276 0.974
277 0.971
278 0.969
279 0.966
280 0.963
281 0.961
282 0.958
283 0.955
284 0.953
285 0.950
286 0.947
287 0.945
288 0.942
289 0.939
290 0.937
291 0.934
292 0.931
293 0.929
294 0.926
295 0.923
296 0.921
297 0.918
298 0.915
299 0.913
300 0.910
301 0.907
302 0.904
303 0.901
304 0.898
305 0.895
306 0.892
307 0.889
308 0.886
309 0.883
310 0.880
311 0.877
312 0.874
313 0.871
314 0.868
315 0.865
316 0.862
317 0.859
318 0.856
319 0.853
320 0.850
321 0.847
322 0.844
323 0.841
324 0.838
325 0.835
326 0.832
327 0.829
328 0.826
329 0.823
330 0.820
331 0.819
332 0.817
333 0.816
334 0.815
335 0.813
336 0.812
337 0.811
338 0.809
339 0.808
340 0.807
341 0.805
342 0.804
343 0.803
344 0.801
345 0.800
346 0.799
347 0.797
348 0.796
349 0.795
350 0.793
351 0.792
352 0.791
353 0.789
354 0.788
355 0.787
356 0.785
357 0.784
358 0.783
359 0.781
360 0.780
 Home

Direction factor, Sd
Wind Directions
II III IV
Ø+90º Ø+180º Ø+270º
269° 359° 89°
1.000 0.868 0.763

Degrees
 Effective Heights in Towns

Ho

Wind

Effective Height, He
Hr Ho X He
m m m m
13.5 10 27 6.9
in Towns Home

Building under Hr
consideration
 Topographic Location Factor, s

Refer to Figure 8, BS 6399 : Part 2 for

definition of topographic dimensions

Upwind Slope Upwind

Parameters H Le A B X LU
Z 100 14 800 0.979 2.627 -10 2000
LU 800
yU 0.125 Downwind - Hills and ridges
ye 0.125 H Le A B X LD
Le 800 14 800 0.979 -1.746 10 2000

Downwind - Cliffs and escarpments

H Le A B C X
14 800 -0.020 -0.521 0.355 10
tion Factor, s Home

s
0.967 equ G.1

s
s Site altitude, DS 150
0.971 equ G.4 Base altitude, DT 50
Location factor, s 0.967
ents 1 + 0.001DS 1.15
s 1 + 0.001DT +1.2yes 1.19505
0.841 equ G.7 Altitude factor, Sa 1.19505
 Terrain and Building Factor

He Distance Terrain Sb
m km
15 10 town 1.820

Table 4. Factor Sb for standard method

Site in country Site in t
Closest distance to sea, km
He (m) He (m)
0 0.1 2 10 100
0 1.48 1.48 1.40 1.35 1.26 0
2 1.48 1.48 1.40 1.35 1.26 2
5 1.65 1.65 1.62 1.57 1.45 5
10 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.73 1.62 10
15 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.82 1.71 15
20 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.89 1.77 20
30 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.85 30
50 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 1.95 50
100 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.07 100
uilding Factor Home

Note
Sb values obtained through
logarithmic interpolation.

or standard method
Site in town
Closest distance to sea, km
0 0.1 2 10 100
1.48 1.48 1.18 1.15 1.07
1.48 1.48 1.18 1.15 1.07
1.65 1.65 1.50 1.45 1.36
1.78 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.58
1.85 1.85 1.85 1.82 1.71
1.90 1.90 1.90 1.89 1.77
1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.85
2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 1.95
2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.07
 Size Effect Factor

Figure 4 - Graph for Size effect facto

Size effect factor, Ca
1.00
Diagonal dimension, a (m) 30
A 0.888 0.95
Site Exposure Type B 0.865 0.90
C 0.844 0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
1 3.162277 10 31.62277 100 316
6601683 6601683 660
8 8

Figure 4 (key). Size effect factor Ca for standard method

Site exposure types
Site in country Site in town
Closest distance to sea, km Closest distance to sea, km
He (m) He (m)
0 2 10 100 0 2
100 A A A B 100 A A
50 A A A B 50 A A
30 A A A B 30 A A
20 A A B B 20 A A
15 A A B B 15 A A
10 A A B B 10 A A
5 A B B B 5 A C
2 A B B B 2 A C
0 A B B B 0 A C
 Home

4 - Graph for Size effect factor Ca

a A B C
1 1.100 1.122 1.140
3.16 1.029 1.035 1.040
10 0.957 0.948 0.940
31.6 0.885 0.861 0.840
100 0.813 0.774 0.740
A 316 0.742 0.687 0.640
B 1000 0.670 0.600 0.540
C

10 31.62277 100 316.2277 1000

6601683 6601683
8 8

ard method

Site in town
Closest distance to sea, km
10 100
A B
A B
A B
B B
B B
C C
C C
C C
C C
Enter a 5
Table 9 External pressure coefficients Cpe for monopitch
Zone
Pitch Ø = 0° Ø=
angle a
A B C AU AL
5 -1.80 -1.20 -0.60 -2.20 -2.10
6 -1.75 -1.16 -0.57 -2.26 -2.05
7 -1.70 -1.12 -0.54 -2.32 -2.00
8 -1.65 -1.08 -0.51 -2.38 -1.95
9 -1.60 -1.04 -0.48 -2.44 -1.90
10 -1.55 -1.00 -0.45 -2.50 -1.85
11 -1.50 -0.96 -0.42 -2.56 -1.80
12 -1.45 -0.92 -0.39 -2.62 -1.75
13 -1.40 -0.88 -0.36 -2.68 -1.70
14 -1.35 -0.84 -0.33 -2.74 -1.65
15 -1.30 0.20 -0.80 0.20 -0.30 0.20 -2.80 -1.60
16 -1.29 0.24 -0.78 0.22 -0.29 0.21 -2.73 -1.58
17 -1.27 0.28 -0.76 0.24 -0.29 0.23 -2.65 -1.56
18 -1.26 0.32 -0.74 0.26 -0.28 0.24 -2.58 -1.54
19 -1.25 0.36 -0.72 0.28 -0.27 0.25 -2.51 -1.52
20 -1.23 0.40 -0.70 0.30 -0.27 0.27 -2.43 -1.50
21 -1.22 0.44 -0.68 0.32 -0.26 0.28 -2.36 -1.48
22 -1.21 0.48 -0.66 0.34 -0.25 0.29 -2.29 -1.46
23 -1.19 0.52 -0.64 0.36 -0.25 0.31 -2.21 -1.44
24 -1.18 0.56 -0.62 0.38 -0.24 0.32 -2.14 -1.42
25 -1.17 0.60 -0.60 0.40 -0.23 0.33 -2.07 -1.40
26 -1.15 0.64 -0.58 0.42 -0.23 0.35 -1.99 -1.38
27 -1.14 0.68 -0.56 0.44 -0.22 0.36 -1.92 -1.36
28 -1.13 0.72 -0.54 0.46 -0.21 0.37 -1.85 -1.34
29 -1.11 0.76 -0.52 0.48 -0.21 0.39 -1.77 -1.32
30 -1.10 0.80 -0.50 0.50 -0.20 0.40 -1.70 -1.30
31 -1.10 0.80 -0.49 0.51 0.42 -1.69 -1.30
32 -1.10 0.80 -0.47 0.51 0.44 -1.67 -1.30
33 -1.10 0.80 -0.46 0.52 0.46 -1.66 -1.30
34 -1.10 0.80 -0.45 0.53 0.48 -1.65 -1.30
35 -1.10 0.80 -0.43 0.53 0.50 -1.63 -1.30
36 -1.10 0.80 -0.42 0.54 0.52 -1.62 -1.30
37 -1.10 0.80 -0.41 0.55 0.54 -1.61 -1.30
38 -1.10 0.80 -0.39 0.55 0.56 -1.59 -1.30
39 -1.10 0.80 -0.38 0.56 0.58 -1.58 -1.30
40 -1.10 0.80 -0.37 0.57 0.60 -1.57 -1.30
41 -1.10 0.80 -0.35 0.57 0.62 -1.55 -1.30
42 -1.10 0.80 -0.34 0.58 0.64 -1.54 -1.30
43 -1.10 0.80 -0.33 0.59 0.66 -1.53 -1.30
44 -1.10 0.80 -0.31 0.59 0.68 -1.51 -1.30
45 -1.10 0.80 -0.30 0.60 0.70 -1.50 -1.30
46 0.80 0.61 0.71 -1.48 -1.29
47 0.80 0.63 0.71 -1.46 -1.29
48 0.80 0.64 0.72 -1.44 -1.28
49 0.80 0.65 0.73 -1.42 -1.27
50 0.80 0.67 0.73 -1.40 -1.27
51 0.80 0.68 0.74 -1.38 -1.26
52 0.80 0.69 0.75 -1.36 -1.25
53 0.80 0.71 0.75 -1.34 -1.25
54 0.80 0.72 0.76 -1.32 -1.24
55 0.80 0.73 0.77 -1.30 -1.23
56 0.80 0.75 0.77 -1.28 -1.23
57 0.80 0.76 0.78 -1.26 -1.22
58 0.80 0.77 0.79 -1.24 -1.21
59 0.80 0.79 0.79 -1.22 -1.21
60 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
61 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
62 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
63 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
64 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
65 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
66 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
67 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
68 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
69 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
70 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
71 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
72 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
73 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
74 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
75 0.80 0.80 0.80 -1.20 -1.20
 Freeze Home
efficients Cpe for monopitch roofs of buildings
Zone
Ø = 90° Ø = 180°
B C D A B C
-1.70 -0.60 -0.50 -2.30 -1.20 -0.80
-1.69 -0.62 -0.52 -2.33 -1.18 -0.81
-1.68 -0.64 -0.54 -2.36 -1.16 -0.82
-1.67 -0.66 -0.56 -2.39 -1.14 -0.83
-1.66 -0.68 -0.58 -2.42 -1.12 -0.84
-1.65 -0.70 -0.60 -2.45 -1.10 -0.85
-1.64 -0.72 -0.62 -2.48 -1.08 -0.86
-1.63 -0.74 -0.64 -2.51 -1.06 -0.87
-1.62 -0.76 -0.66 -2.54 -1.04 -0.88
-1.61 -0.78 -0.68 -2.57 -1.02 -0.89
-1.60 -0.80 -0.70 -2.60 -1.00 -0.90
-1.57 -0.81 -0.71 -2.58 -1.01 -0.89
-1.55 -0.83 -0.71 -2.56 -1.03 -0.89
-1.52 -0.84 -0.72 -2.54 -1.04 -0.88
-1.49 -0.85 -0.73 -2.52 -1.05 -0.87
-1.47 -0.87 -0.73 -2.50 -1.07 -0.87
-1.44 -0.88 -0.74 -2.48 -1.08 -0.86
-1.41 -0.89 -0.75 -2.46 -1.09 -0.85
-1.39 -0.91 -0.75 -2.44 -1.11 -0.85
-1.36 -0.92 -0.76 -2.42 -1.12 -0.84
-1.33 -0.93 -0.77 -2.40 -1.13 -0.83
-1.31 -0.95 -0.77 -2.38 -1.15 -0.83
-1.28 -0.96 -0.78 -2.36 -1.16 -0.82
-1.25 -0.97 -0.79 -2.34 -1.17 -0.81
-1.23 -0.99 -0.79 -2.32 -1.19 -0.81
-1.20 -1.00 -0.80 -2.30 -1.20 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.81 -2.23 -1.19 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.81 -2.17 -1.17 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.82 -2.10 -1.16 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.83 -2.03 -1.15 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.83 -1.97 -1.13 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.84 -1.90 -1.12 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.85 -1.83 -1.11 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.85 -1.77 -1.09 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.86 -1.70 -1.08 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.87 -1.63 -1.07 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.87 -1.57 -1.05 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.88 -1.50 -1.04 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.89 -1.43 -1.03 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.89 -1.37 -1.01 -0.80
-1.20 -1.00 -0.90 -1.30 -1.00 -0.80
-1.20 -0.96 -0.87 -1.28 -0.98 -0.79
-1.20 -0.92 -0.83 -1.26 -0.96 -0.79
-1.20 -0.88 -0.80 -1.24 -0.94 -0.78
-1.20 -0.84 -0.77 -1.22 -0.92 -0.77
-1.20 -0.80 -0.73 -1.20 -0.90 -0.77
-1.20 -0.76 -0.70 -1.18 -0.88 -0.76
-1.20 -0.72 -0.67 -1.16 -0.86 -0.75
-1.20 -0.68 -0.63 -1.14 -0.84 -0.75
-1.20 -0.64 -0.60 -1.12 -0.82 -0.74
-1.20 -0.60 -0.57 -1.10 -0.80 -0.73
-1.20 -0.56 -0.53 -1.08 -0.78 -0.73
-1.20 -0.52 -0.50 -1.06 -0.76 -0.72
-1.20 -0.48 -0.47 -1.04 -0.74 -0.71
-1.20 -0.44 -0.43 -1.02 -0.72 -0.71
-1.20 -0.40 0.40 -0.40 0.40 -1.00 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.41 -0.39 0.40 -1.01 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.41 -0.37 0.40 -1.01 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.42 -0.36 0.40 -1.02 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.43 -0.35 0.40 -1.03 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.43 -0.33 0.40 -1.03 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.44 -0.32 0.40 -1.04 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.45 -0.31 0.40 -1.05 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.45 -0.29 0.40 -1.05 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.46 -0.28 0.40 -1.06 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.47 -0.27 0.40 -1.07 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.47 -0.25 0.40 -1.07 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.48 -0.24 0.40 -1.08 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.49 -0.23 0.40 -1.09 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.49 -0.21 0.40 -1.09 -0.70 -0.70
-1.20 -0.40 0.50 -0.20 0.40 -1.10 -0.70 -0.70
Enter a -45
Table 11 External pressure coefficients Cpe for hipped roofs of buildings
Zone
Pitch
Ø = 0° and Ø = 90°
angle a
A B C E F
-45 -1.30 -0.60 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-44 -1.37 -0.61 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-43 -1.43 -0.63 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-42 -1.50 -0.64 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-41 -1.57 -0.65 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-40 -1.63 -0.67 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-39 -1.70 -0.68 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-38 -1.77 -0.69 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-37 -1.83 -0.71 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-36 -1.90 -0.72 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-35 -1.97 -0.73 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-34 -2.03 -0.75 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-33 -2.10 -0.76 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-32 -2.17 -0.77 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-31 -2.23 -0.79 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-30 -2.30 -0.80 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70
-29 -2.32 -0.81 -0.81 -0.69 -0.69
-28 -2.34 -0.83 -0.81 -0.67 -0.67
-27 -2.36 -0.84 -0.82 -0.66 -0.66
-26 -2.38 -0.85 -0.83 -0.65 -0.65
-25 -2.40 -0.87 -0.83 -0.63 -0.63
-24 -2.42 -0.88 -0.84 -0.62 -0.62
-23 -2.44 -0.89 -0.85 -0.61 -0.61
-22 -2.46 -0.91 -0.85 -0.59 -0.59
-21 -2.48 -0.92 -0.86 -0.58 -0.58
-20 -2.50 -0.93 -0.87 -0.57 -0.57
-19 -2.52 -0.95 -0.87 -0.55 -0.55
-18 -2.54 -0.96 -0.88 -0.54 -0.54
-17 -2.56 -0.97 -0.89 -0.53 -0.53
-16 -2.58 -0.99 -0.89 -0.51 -0.51
-15 -2.60 -1.00 -0.90 -0.50 -0.50
-14 -2.57 -1.02 -0.89 -0.48 -0.48
-13 -2.54 -1.04 -0.88 -0.46 -0.46
-12 -2.51 -1.06 -0.87 -0.44 -0.44
-11 -2.48 -1.08 -0.86 -0.42 -0.42
-10 -2.45 -1.10 -0.85 -0.40 -0.40
-9 -2.42 -1.12 -0.84 -0.38 -0.38
-8 -2.39 -1.14 -0.83 -0.36 -0.36
-7 -2.36 -1.16 -0.82 -0.34 -0.34
-6 -2.33 -1.18 -0.81 -0.32 -0.32
-5 -2.30 -1.20 -0.80 -0.30 -0.30
5 -1.80 -1.20 -0.60 -0.60 -0.60
6 -1.75 -1.16 -0.57 -0.64 -0.66
 7 -1.70 -1.12 -0.54 -0.68 -0.72
8 -1.65 -1.08 -0.51 -0.72 -0.78
9 -1.60 -1.04 -0.48 -0.76 -0.84
10 -1.55 -1.00 -0.45 -0.80 -0.90
11 -1.50 -0.96 -0.42 -0.84 -0.96
12 -1.45 -0.92 -0.39 -0.88 -1.02
13 -1.40 -0.88 -0.36 -0.92 -1.08
14 -1.35 -0.84 -0.33 -0.96 -1.14
15 -1.30 0.20 -0.80 0.20 -0.30 0.20 -1.00 -1.20
16 -1.29 0.24 -0.78 0.22 -0.29 0.21 -0.98 -1.15
17 -1.27 0.28 -0.76 0.24 -0.29 0.23 -0.96 -1.11
18 -1.26 0.32 -0.74 0.26 -0.28 0.24 -0.94 -1.06
19 -1.25 0.36 -0.72 0.28 -0.27 0.25 -0.92 -1.01
20 -1.23 0.40 -0.70 0.30 -0.27 0.27 -0.90 -0.97
21 -1.22 0.44 -0.68 0.32 -0.26 0.28 -0.88 -0.92
22 -1.21 0.48 -0.66 0.34 -0.25 0.29 -0.86 -0.87
23 -1.19 0.52 -0.64 0.36 -0.25 0.31 -0.84 -0.83
24 -1.18 0.56 -0.62 0.38 -0.24 0.32 -0.82 -0.78
25 -1.17 0.60 -0.60 0.40 -0.23 0.33 -0.80 -0.73
26 -1.15 0.64 -0.58 0.42 -0.23 0.35 -0.78 -0.69
27 -1.14 0.68 -0.56 0.44 -0.22 0.36 -0.76 -0.64
28 -1.13 0.72 -0.54 0.46 -0.21 0.37 -0.74 -0.59
29 -1.11 0.76 -0.52 0.48 -0.21 0.39 -0.72 -0.55
30 -1.10 0.80 -0.50 0.50 -0.20 0.40 -0.70 -0.50
31 -1.10 0.80 -0.49 0.51 0.42 -0.69 -0.49
32 -1.10 0.80 -0.47 0.51 0.44 -0.69 -0.47
33 -1.10 0.80 -0.46 0.52 0.46 -0.68 -0.46
34 -1.10 0.80 -0.45 0.53 0.48 -0.67 -0.45
35 -1.10 0.80 -0.43 0.53 0.50 -0.67 -0.43
36 -1.10 0.80 -0.42 0.54 0.52 -0.66 -0.42
37 -1.10 0.80 -0.41 0.55 0.54 -0.65 -0.41
38 -1.10 0.80 -0.39 0.55 0.56 -0.65 -0.39
39 -1.10 0.80 -0.38 0.56 0.58 -0.64 -0.38
40 -1.10 0.80 -0.37 0.57 0.60 -0.63 -0.37
41 -1.10 0.80 -0.35 0.57 0.62 -0.63 -0.35
42 -1.10 0.80 -0.34 0.58 0.64 -0.62 -0.34
43 -1.10 0.80 -0.33 0.59 0.66 -0.61 -0.33
44 -1.10 0.80 -0.31 0.59 0.68 -0.61 -0.31
45 -1.10 0.80 -0.30 0.60 0.70 -0.60 -0.30
46 0.80 0.61 0.71 -0.60 -0.30
47 0.80 0.63 0.71 -0.60 -0.30
48 0.80 0.64 0.72 -0.60 -0.30
49 0.80 0.65 0.73 -0.60 -0.30
50 0.80 0.67 0.73 -0.60 -0.30
51 0.80 0.68 0.74 -0.60 -0.30
52 0.80 0.69 0.75 -0.60 -0.30
53 0.80 0.71 0.75 -0.60 -0.30
54 0.80 0.72 0.76 -0.60 -0.30
55 0.80 0.73 0.77 -0.60 -0.30
56 0.80 0.75 0.77 -0.60 -0.30
57 0.80 0.76 0.78 -0.60 -0.30
58 0.80 0.77 0.79 -0.60 -0.30
59 0.80 0.79 0.79 -0.60 -0.30
60 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
61 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
62 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
63 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
64 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
65 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
66 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
67 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
68 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
69 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
70 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
71 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
72 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
73 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
74 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
75 0.80 0.80 0.80 -0.60 -0.30
 Freeze Home
pped roofs of buildings

°
G H I J
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.70 -0.80 -0.80 -0.20
-0.69 -0.79 -0.79 -0.21
-0.67 -0.77 -0.77 -0.21
-0.66 -0.76 -0.76 -0.22
-0.65 -0.75 -0.75 -0.23
-0.63 -0.73 -0.73 -0.23
-0.62 -0.72 -0.72 -0.24
-0.61 -0.71 -0.71 -0.25
-0.59 -0.69 -0.69 -0.25
-0.58 -0.68 -0.68 -0.26
-0.57 -0.67 -0.67 -0.27
-0.55 -0.65 -0.65 -0.27
-0.54 -0.64 -0.64 -0.28
-0.53 -0.63 -0.63 -0.29
-0.51 -0.61 -0.61 -0.29
-0.50 -0.60 -0.60 -0.30
-0.48 -0.60 -0.60 -0.31
-0.46 -0.60 -0.60 -0.32
-0.44 -0.60 -0.60 -0.33
-0.42 -0.60 -0.60 -0.34
-0.40 -0.60 -0.60 -0.35
-0.38 -0.60 -0.60 -0.36
-0.36 -0.60 -0.60 -0.37
-0.34 -0.60 -0.60 -0.38
-0.32 -0.60 -0.60 -0.39
-0.30 -0.60 -0.60 -0.40
-0.30 -1.20 -0.60 -0.40
-0.32 -1.22 -0.60 -0.39
-0.34 -1.24 -0.60 -0.38
-0.36 -1.26 -0.60 -0.37
-0.38 -1.28 -0.60 -0.36
-0.40 -1.30 -0.60 -0.35
-0.42 -1.32 -0.60 -0.34
-0.44 -1.34 -0.60 -0.33
-0.46 -1.36 -0.60 -0.32
-0.48 -1.38 -0.60 -0.31
-0.50 -1.40 -0.60 -0.30
-0.49 -1.40 -0.61 -0.29
-0.49 -1.40 -0.63 -0.29
-0.48 -1.40 -0.64 -0.28
-0.47 -1.40 -0.65 -0.27
-0.47 -1.40 -0.67 -0.27
-0.46 -1.40 -0.68 -0.26
-0.45 -1.40 -0.69 -0.25
-0.45 -1.40 -0.71 -0.25
-0.44 -1.40 -0.72 -0.24
-0.43 -1.40 -0.73 -0.23
-0.43 -1.40 -0.75 -0.23
-0.42 -1.40 -0.76 -0.22
-0.41 -1.40 -0.77 -0.21
-0.41 -1.40 -0.79 -0.21
-0.40 -1.40 -0.80 -0.20
-0.39 -1.39 -0.80 -0.20
-0.39 -1.39 -0.80 -0.20
-0.38 -1.38 -0.80 -0.20
-0.37 -1.37 -0.80 -0.20
-0.37 -1.37 -0.80 -0.20
-0.36 -1.36 -0.80 -0.20
-0.35 -1.35 -0.80 -0.20
-0.35 -1.35 -0.80 -0.20
-0.34 -1.34 -0.80 -0.20
-0.33 -1.33 -0.80 -0.20
-0.33 -1.33 -0.80 -0.20
-0.32 -1.32 -0.80 -0.20
-0.31 -1.31 -0.80 -0.20
-0.31 -1.31 -0.80 -0.20
-0.30 -1.30 -0.80 -0.20
-0.30 -1.29 -0.77 -0.20
-0.30 -1.29 -0.75 -0.20
-0.30 -1.28 -0.72 -0.20
-0.30 -1.27 -0.69 -0.20
-0.30 -1.27 -0.67 -0.20
-0.30 -1.26 -0.64 -0.20
-0.30 -1.25 -0.61 -0.20
-0.30 -1.25 -0.59 -0.20
-0.30 -1.24 -0.56 -0.20
-0.30 -1.23 -0.53 -0.20
-0.30 -1.23 -0.51 -0.20
-0.30 -1.22 -0.48 -0.20
-0.30 -1.21 -0.45 -0.20
-0.30 -1.21 -0.43 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
-0.30 -1.20 -0.40 -0.20
Internal Pressures
270º
Open-sided buildings

0º

90º

WIND NORMAL TO:

Internal pressure coefficients C pi LONG FACE SHORT FACE
for open-sided buildings load case (i) load case (ii) load case (i)
One short face open -0.60 -0.60 0.85
One long face open 0.68 -0.16 -0.40
Two open faces (adjacent) 0.77 -0.30 0.77
Three open faces - short face remains 0.00 0.00 0.60
Three open faces - long face remains 0.60 -0.39 0.00

Notes: The two load cases cater for the two

wind directions for wind normal to each face.
i.e. 0° & 180° or 90° & 270°
 Home

180º

ORMAL TO:
SHORT FACE
load case (ii)
-0.16
-0.40
-0.38
-0.39
0.00
Table 1. Building-type factor, Kb
Type of building
Welded steel unclad frames
Bolted steel and reinforced concrete
unclad frames
Portal sheds and similar light structures
with few internal walls
Framed buildings with structural walls
around lifts and stairs only (e.g. office
buildings of open plan or with partitioning)
Framed buildings with structural walls
around lifts and stairs with additional
masonry subdivision walls (e.g. apartment
buildings), buldings of masonry
construction and timber-framed housing
Table 2. Dynamic pressure, qs
Effective wind speed, Ve (m/s) 35
Dynamic pressure, qs (N/m²) 751
Table 6. Frictional drag coefficients
Type of surface
Smooth surface without corrugations or
ribs across the wind direction
Surfaces with corrugations across the wind
direction
Surfaces with ribs across the wind direction
Check for significant top
Kb
8 Is site located on a hill, ridge,
cliff or escarpment ?
4 Is upwind slope more than
1 in 20 (0.05) ?
2 Is topographic feature: hill/ridge
or cliff/escarpment ?
1 Enter upwind slope:
Enter upwind slope length (m):
Is site located within 0m of the
crest on the upwind slope ?
0.5 Is site located within 0m of the
crest on downwind slope ?
Topography not signific
Distance to sea upwind of s
Inland areas of water
Is an inland area of water closer
equ (1) than 1km to the site?
Does the inland area of water
extend more than 1km upwind?
Estuaries
Cf Is the distance across the
0.01 estuary more than the distance
from the site to the estuary?
0.02 Is the distance across the
estuary more than the distance
0.04 from the estuary to the coast?
Use distance to coast
heck for significant topography
Home
cated on a hill, ridge,
No
scarpment ?
d slope more than
No
0.05) ?
aphic feature: hill/ridge
hill/ridge
scarpment ?
wind slope: 0
wind slope length (m): 0
cated within 0m of the
No
the upwind slope ?
cated within 0m of the
No
downwind slope ?

Topography not significant

ance to sea upwind of site

reas of water
and area of water closer
No
m to the site?
e inland area of water
No
more than 1km upwind?
s
stance across the
more than the distance No
site to the estuary?
stance across the
more than the distance No
estuary to the coast?

Use distance to coast

 NOTES
FOREWORD
This spreadsheet implements the full Standard Method of calculating wind loads for buildings in accordance w
6399 : Part 2 : 1997. This method is suitable for buildings up to 100m high. The workbook contains spreadshee
can be printed as complete calculation pages. It also contains spreadsheets which can be used as design aids
hand calculations or checking designs.
The concept of the workbook is that each sheet remains independent of the others. No calculations are linked
calculations on other sheets. This increases the amount of input but also gives greater flexibility in the use of th
workbook.

SETUP
This spreadsheet has been formatted using Arial, Arial Black, Symbol and Tahoma truetype fonts. The spreads
been optimised for a screen resolution of 1027x768 HiColor (16 bit) using large fonts.

Use the Zoom button on the toolbar to reduce or enlarge the display to suit your computer. Use the Save butto
permanently store your new settings. Recommended zoom settings are as follows:
Screen resolution 800x600 with large fonts: 67%
Screen resolution 800x600 with small fonts: 85%
Screen resolution 1024x768 with large fonts: 85%
Screen resolution 1024x768 with small fonts: 105%

Company Details
Enter your company name and other details in the title block on the first sheet only. This is the 'Wind Speed I' s
details will be automatically copied to the other sheets. Company details cannot be entered in the other sheets

KEY INFORMATION
Microsoft Excel
This spreadsheet has been developed for use in Microsoft Excel 97 (v8.0) on the Microsoft Windows 95/98 ope
systems.
British Standard Specification (BSI)
This spreadsheet has been developed to comply with BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997. (issued 15th July 1997)
Support
Support for this spreadsheet may be obtained by email from: info@structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk
Additional Information
Refer to the accompanying README.TXT file for additional information.

SIMPLIFICATIONS
(Producing conservative results)
1) Reduction in lateral loads by dividing building into a number of parts ignored.
2) Maximum pressure coefficients used for Funnelling on side walls.

ASSUMPTIONS
1) Factor Sb - values for 0 km site in town same as values for site in country.
Interpolation valid between 0 km and 2 km site in town.
2) Size effect factor Ca - key for 0 km site in town same as site in country.
3) Scaling length for flat roofs with parapets is based on H being height of wall including
4) Size effect factors for side wall and roof frictional drag calculations based on diagonal length
of total side wall or roof area respectively.
USING WIND DESIGNERS WORKBOOK
The following colour key is a guide to using the full calculation page spreadsheets.

Input required. 24 Remove value

Computed output Error/ Alert

Message

Calculating loads on four faces

The spreadsheets for overall loads, walls and roofs have been set-up for two faces. To calculate loads on four
simply carry out the calculation for two faces and print your output. Then reuse the appropriate sheet for the re
two faces.
Home button
Click on the Home button to return to the first sheet of the workbook.
Freeze button
Click on the Freeze button (where present) to freeze table headings on the screen. Click a second time to unfr
headings.
Print button
Click on the Print button to print your calculation sheet.
Option buttons and check boxes
Where present, click on the check box to choose the option indicated.
Where present, click on the relevant option button to choose the option indicated.
Option buttons work in pairs so that if one is selected, the other is deselected.
Clear cell contents
To clear the contents of a cell, right click your mouse on the cell and then click Clear Contents.

SHORT CUTS
Entering Numerical Data
Expressions may be entered in place of numbers in cells requiring numerical input. e.g. To enter an expressio
of bars'.
Select the relevant cell. Enter the following: =4+8*3 - This expression evaluates to 28. You will see the expr
you double click on the cell or if you have the formula bar showing (go to View menu and click Formula Bar).
 Home
oads for buildings in accordance with BS
The workbook contains spreadsheets which
which can be used as design aids, useful for

others. No calculations are linked to

es greater flexibility in the use of the

ahoma truetype fonts. The spreadsheet has

rge fonts.

your computer. Use the Save button to

ollows:

et only. This is the 'Wind Speed I' sheet. The

nnot be entered in the other sheets directly.

n the Microsoft Windows 95/98 operating

97. (issued 15th July 1997)

l-engineering.fsnet.co.uk

ref:
cl. 2.2.3.2
cl. 2.4.1.4

ref:
table 4

fig. 4
f wall including parapet. cl. 2.5.1.2
sed on diagonal length
o faces. To calculate loads on four faces,
se the appropriate sheet for the remaining

screen. Click a second time to unfreeze the

✘ Check Box
Option Button 1
Option Button 2

ck Clear Contents.

l input. e.g. To enter an expression into 'No.

aluates to 28. You will see the expression if

ew menu and click Formula Bar).
 WIND DESIGN WORKBOOK
FOR MICROSOFT EXCEL
Version
Version 2.1
Please ensure you have the latest version of this software, which may be downloaded from the
internet via this hyperlink : http://www.structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk/
Click the Connect button to go to the web site.

If you have comments, suggestions, bug reports or require

information, please email: info@structural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk

Copyright © 2000-2002 Chris Buczkowski. All rights reserved.

Registration ¤ THIS IS AN UNREGISTERE

Single user licence: £45
Company multiple-user licence: £40 per copy installed.

Delivery will be by attachment to an email.

To order a copy, please send a cheque payable to 'C. Buczkowski' to the following address:
6 Stanhope Court, 53-55 Stanhope Road, North Finchley, LONDON N12 9DZ

You should include your email or postal address and a contact telephone number. Also
include the name you require the spreadsheet registered to (30 characters maximum).

Licence for Use and Distribution

This spreadsheet is NOT a public domain program. It is copyrighted by the Author*. This software is protecte
copyright law and also by international treaty provisions. The Author grants you a licence to use this so
purposes for an indefinite period. You may not use, copy, rent, lease, sell, modify, decompile, unprotect, di
reverse engineer, or transfer this software except as provided in this agreement. Any such unauthorise
immediate and automatic termination of this license. All rights not expressly granted here are reserved to the A
and distribute the unregistered version of this spreadsheet, completely unaltered, without further permissio
must accompany copies of the spreadsheet.
* The Author is Chris Buczkowski.

Disclaimer
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED FOR EVALUATION ONLY, ON AN "AS IS" BASIS. THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL W
TO THIS SOFTWARE, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPL
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE AUTHOR* SHALL NOT BE LIABLE
CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE SUCH SOF
AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR CLAIMS. THE PERSON USING THE S
RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE. ALTHOUGH EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN M
ACCURACY OF THIS PROGRAM, USERS SHOULD VERIFY THE RESULTS FOR THEMSELVES.

REVISION HISTORY
Date Version Action
1/6/2000 1.0 Initial release.
3/20/2000 2.0 Major update.
 Wind Speed I sheet - direction factor corrected. Wind Speed II sheet - directio
base altitude corrected, non-significant limits enhanced. Internal Pressures sh
Buildings, Vertical Walls, Free-Standing Wall, Flat Roof & Duopitch Roof shee
9/1/2002 2.1 type corrected. Size Effect Factor sheet amended. Basic Wind Speed sheet -
Flat Roof & Duopitch Roof sheets - Cpi amended for "all walls impermeable".
print function corrected.
ORKBOOK
XCEL
Home

ownloaded from the

/

ructural-engineering.fsnet.co.uk

All rights reserved.

S AN UNREGISTERED COPY ¤

llowing address:
2 9DZ
Tel: 07939-187549
Tel/fax: 020-8445 9438
email: chris_buck@biosys.net

e Author*. This software is protected by United Kingdom

ants you a licence to use this software for evaluation
l, modify, decompile, unprotect, disassemble, otherwise
agreement. Any such unauthorised use shall result in
y granted here are reserved to the Author. You may copy
naltered, without further permission. The readme.txt file

IS. THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES RELATING

BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
AUTHOR* SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT,
OR INABILITY TO USE SUCH SOFTWARE, EVEN IF THE
CLAIMS. THE PERSON USING THE SOFTWARE BEARS ALL
OUGH EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO ENSURE THE
THEMSELVES.

Y
Action
ected. Wind Speed II sheet - direction factor corrected,
its enhanced. Internal Pressures sheet amended.
Wall, Flat Roof & Duopitch Roof sheets - site exposure
mended. Basic Wind Speed sheet - Irish speeds added.
mended for "all walls impermeable". Buildings sheet -