Madhya Pradesh: The Heart of Incredible India

Madhya Pradesh is the heart of India. Originally known as Malwa, the place has nurtured
some epic rulers and warriors as well, like Emperor Ashoka, Chandragupta,
Vikramaditya, Harsha Vardhan, Raja Bohoj and many others. A long, revealing history
forged by these great men is preserved in book and ink. Encompassing the Vindhya and
Satpura ranges, fertile plains, and meandering rivers, Madhya Pradesh offers a diverse
landscape that has nurtured civilizations for thousands of years.

In the culture of India, Madhya Pradesh is like a glowing lamp , whose light has a completely
different glow and effect. The huge rock peaks of this region, many mythological stories
echoing through the tributaries of Vindhya-Satpura, Maikal-Kaimur and rivers
like Narmada , Son , Sindh , Chambal , Betwa , Ken , Dhasan , Tawa , Tapti , Kshipra , Kali
Sindh etc. Thousands of streams bursting from the myths of the origin and meeting of the
rivers not only inundate the life here but also satisfy them.

Madhya Pradesh was the largest state of India by area as of 1 November 2000 . On this
day, Chhattisgarh state was established by separating 16 districts from Madhya Pradesh
state. Currently, Madya Pradesh is the 2nd largest state in the country. The borders of Madhya
Pradesh meet the borders of five states. It is bordered by Uttar Pradesh in the
north , Chhattisgarh in the east, Maharashtra in the south , Gujarat in the west ,
and Rajasthan in the north-west. The state has no coastline and no international frontier.
The capital is Bhopal, in the west-central part of the state. Area is 119,016 square miles
(308,252 square km) and population is (2011) 72,597,565.

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1. Culture of Madya Pradesh:

Madhya Pradesh boasts a vibrant culture, a harmonious blend of ancient traditions and
contemporary influences. It is like an attractive bouquet of unity in diversity of different
cultures, Madhya Pradesh, which nature has decorated with its own hands on the altar of the
nation, whose colourful beauty and charming fragrance is spreading all around. The sweet
fragrance of art, literature and culture keeps floating in the climate of the districts here. The
flow of dance, music and songs keeps flowing spontaneously every day among the folk
groups and tribal groups here. Madhya Pradesh is an inclusive world of six folk cultures.
These six cultural areas are –

 Nimar
 Malwa
 Bundelkhand
 Baghelkhand
 Mahakaushal
 Gwalior (Chambal)

MP State Map

Each cultural region or region has a distinct vibrant folk life, literature, culture, history, art,
dialect and environment. Madhya Pradesh is a confluence of various folk and tribal cultures.
There is no single folk culture here. On one hand there is an inclusive world of five folk
cultures, while on the other hand there is a wide spectrum of primitive culture of many tribes
like Dhar-Jhabua, Mandla-Balaghat, Chhindwara, Narmadapuram, Khandwa- Burhanpur ,
Betul, Rewa-Sidhi, Shahdol etc.

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 Dance forms

MP folk dance

Madhya Pradesh (MP) boasts a vibrant collection of folk dances, each with its unique
costume, music, and story. From the powerful bison hunt mimicked in the Gaur dance to the
playful bird movements of the Sugga dance, these performances showcase the rich culture of
the state. The Saila dance, with its hopping steps and stick props, adds another layer of
variety. Notably, the Karma dance, celebrated during the Karma festival, boasts several
variations, highlighting the depth and diversity of Madhya Pradesh's folk traditions.

 Art of forms

Gond Painting

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The fine artworks, hurled right from the heart of the nation endure a worldwide audience.
This innate talent helps in producing handicrafts like - Woven cotton or silk sarees, fabrics
with block prints, stuffed toys, floor coverings, bamboo work, cane work, jute work,
woodcraft, iron craft, stone craft, metal craft, terra cotta, zari work, folk paintings, ornaments,
dolls and papier-mache. Apart from the above, it is much known for the uncanny work of
Gond painting and the traditional carpets of Gwalior. The other crafts like bamboo and jute
work are widely traded in the local bazaars.

 Festivals

Ujjain Kumbha Mela

Madhya Pradesh vibrates with a unique blend of widely celebrated festivals like Holi and
Dussehra, alongside regional gems. The Lokrang Festival showcases tribal dance and music,
while the Khajuraho Festival stages classical Indian dance forms against a backdrop of
ancient temples. Literature enthusiasts flock to the Akhil Bhartiya Kalidas Samaroh, and the
Ujjain Kumbh Mela, held every 12 years, draws millions for a spiritual pilgrimage. Love
finds its expression in the Bhagoria Haat, where a vibrant exchange of red powder signifies
potential unions. Malwa Utsav explodes with dance, music, and art, while the Panchmarhi
Utsav offers a platform for international artists. From animal trading at the Nagaji Fair to
delectable food stalls at various celebrations, Madhya Pradesh's festivals offer a delightful
glimpse into the state's cultural tapestry.

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 Architecture

Khajuraho Temples

Madhya Pradesh boasts a remarkable collection of monuments reflecting the diverse eras
and religions that have shaped India. From ancient Hindu temples like Khajuraho, a
UNESCO World Heritage Site, to Buddhist stupas like Sanchi Stupa built by Emperor
Ashoka, the state showcases its rich history. Architectural marvels like Jahaz Mahal, a
palace resembling a ship floating on water, and the Indo-European fusion of Jai Vilas
Palace stand as testaments to the region's artistic influences. Notably, Hoshang Shah's
Tomb is believed to be the first ever built with marble, highlighting the innovation and
grandeur of Madhya Pradesh's monuments.

 Food

MP traditional dish

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Madhya Pradesh offers a diverse culinary landscape, with regional variations catering to both
vegetarian and non-vegetarian preferences. Traditional favorites like Poha, Jalebi, and
Biryani tantalize taste buds across the state. Bhopal excels in flavorful kebabs, kormas, and
meat dishes, while Indore and Gwalior boast creamy delights prepared with milk. Wheat-
based Baflas and the vegetarian Bhutte ki Kees (corn and milk dessert) showcase the
region's culinary versatility.

 Tribes of MP

Image of MP tribe people

A number of nomadic tribes belong to Madhya Pradesh. Gonds, Kols, Bhills, Murias,
Baigas, Korkus, Kamaras, Marias and Oraons are some of them. The tribe of Gond is
practically untouched, their isolation is checked and their rituals, folklores, and legends
are still sung. You will notice each tribe's unique music, dance, jewellery and even
habitats. To take a bite, visit the tribal fares in Jabua and Bastar, you will find the native
charisma life-changing. To take a totem of remembrance you can buy crafts forged by
the tribal hand itself. Buy these from any weekly market or haats.

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2. Political Landscape of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh, thrives in a multi-party democracy. Since its formation in 1956, the state
has witnessed a dynamic political landscape with various parties vying for power. There are
230 seats in the Legislative Assembly in Madhya Pradesh. The state sends 40 members to the
Parliament of India: 29 to the Lok Sabha (lower house) and 11 to the Rajya Sabha (upper
house). The constitutional head of the state is the Governor , who is appointed by the
President of India on the recommendation of the Central Government. The executive head of
the state is the Chief Minister , who is the leader elected on the basis of majority among the
elected members of the Legislative Assembly. At present, the Governor of the state
is Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel and the Chief Minister is Dr. Mohan Yadav of the
Bharatiya Janata Party . The major political parties of the state are BJP and Congress . Unlike
many neighbouring states, small or regional parties here have not had much success in
assembly elections.

Image of MP State Assembly

The Government of Madhya Pradesh, also known as the State Government of Madhya
Pradesh, governs the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and its 55 districts through three
primary branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. At the helm of the executive branch is
the governor, appointed by the president of India, while the chief minister serves as the head
of government, wielding significant executive and financial powers. Bhopal, the capital of

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Madhya Pradesh, hosts the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the
secretariat.

Madhya Pradesh boasts a unicameral legislature known as the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan
Sabha, comprising 230 directly elected Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and one
nominated member. The legislative assembly's term spans five years, barring early
dissolution. Notably, the state's language policy underwent a shift on February 1, 2016, with
the legislative assembly mandating the use of Hindi for all official purposes, effectively
banning English. Moreover, on December 4, 2017, the Madhya Pradesh Assembly
unanimously passed legislation instituting the death penalty for individuals found guilty of
raping girls aged 12 and under, signaling a stringent stance on crimes against minors.

In the realm of judiciary, the Madhya Pradesh High Court, headquartered in Jabalpur, holds
jurisdiction over the entire state. Ravi Malimath presides as the chief justice, overseeing the
judicial proceedings within Madhya Pradesh. This tripartite governance structure ensures the
functioning of democratic processes, the enactment of legislation, and the dispensation of
justice across the state of Madhya Pradesh.

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3. Geo-Economic Landscape

Madhya Pradesh occupies a pivotal position on the map of India, serving as a strategic link
between the north and south. This central location has historically facilitated trade and
connectivity, fostering the state's economic development.

Location:

Madhya Pradesh is centrally located in India, spanning from latitude 21°6' north to 26°30'
north and longitude 74°9' east to 82°48' east. The state is characterized by the flow of the
Narmada River, which runs between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, traditionally
demarcating North and South India. Its dimensions stretch 605 kilometers from north to south
and 870 kilometers from west to east, with the standard time line passing through Singrauli
district. Bounded by Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, Rajasthan to the
northwest, Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, and Chhattisgarh to the east, Madhya Pradesh
occupies a strategic position within the Indian subcontinent.

Climate:

Madhya Pradesh experiences a tropical climate typified by a hot summer (April–June),

monsoon rains (July–September), and a relatively dry autumn. The average annual rainfall
stands at 1371 mm (54.0 in), with south-eastern districts receiving the heaviest precipitation,
while western and north-western regions receive comparatively less rainfall.

Environment:

Forests cover a significant portion of Madhya Pradesh, accounting for 30.72% of the state's
total area and 12.30% of India's total forest cover. These forests are classified into "Reserved
Forest" (65.3%), "Protected Forest" (32.84%), and "Available Forest" (0.18%). The state's
soil varies, with black soil prevalent in the Malwa region and southern Bundelkhand, red and
yellow soil in Baghelkhand, alluvial soil in northern Madhya Pradesh, laterite soil in highland
areas, and mixed soil in parts of Gwalior and Chambal divisions.

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Flora and Fauna:

Madhya Pradesh hosts abundant forest areas, home to numerous national parks, wildlife
sanctuaries, and natural reserves. Notable among these are Bandhavgarh, Kanha, Pench,
Panna, and Satpura National Parks, serving as habitats for diverse flora and fauna. The state
also boasts unique biosphere reserves such as Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Amarkantak
Biosphere Reserve, and the world's first White Tiger Safari and Zoo in Satna.

Rivers:

The Narmada River, the longest river in Madhya Pradesh at 1312 km, flows westward
through a rift valley, nourishing vast areas of the state. Other significant rivers include the
Tapti, Chambal, Kshipra, Kali Sindh, Parvati, Kuno, Sindh, Betwa, Dhasan, and Ken, which
contribute to the region's agricultural richness. Additionally, the Son River, originating in the
Maikal Mountains near Amarkantak, is a vital tributary of the Ganges, while rivers like
Wainganga, Wardha, Pench, and Kanhan feed into the Godavari river system.

Narmada River Son River

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Shri Ram Ghat Betwa River
Economic Factors:
The economy of Madhya Pradesh is agrarian, with 72.37% population of M P. living in
the rural areas. Madhya Pradesh has approximately 70% population dependent
on agriculture and allied sectors. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is dominated by
the primary sector (47%), followed by the tertiary sector (34%) and the manufacturing sector
(18%).

In the fiscal year 2023-24, Madhya Pradesh forecasts a Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP) of Rs 13,87,117 crore, showing a 5% growth over the previous year. Expenditure
(excluding debt repayment) is projected to rise by 12% to Rs 2,81,552 crore, with debt
repayment of Rs 24,551 crore. Receipts (excluding borrowings) are estimated at Rs 2,25,843
crore, resulting in a modest revenue surplus of Rs 413 crore, compared to 0.11% of GSDP in
the previous fiscal year. The fiscal deficit target for 2023-24 is set at Rs 55,708 crore,
equivalent to 4% of GSDP, reflecting a slight increase from the previous year's 3.6% of
GSDP.

Madhya Pradesh's fiscal management demonstrates a shift towards sustainability, aiming to

balance expenditure priorities and revenue generation. Despite economic fluctuations, the
state maintains a commitment to responsible financial management, evident in its efforts to
manage deficits while fostering growth and development initiatives.

Agriculture:

Madhya Pradesh relies heavily on rainfall for agriculture, although some areas have adopted
mechanized cultivation techniques. The Narmada valley stands out as a particularly fertile
region, known for exporting durum wheat worldwide. Additionally, Madhya Pradesh holds
the title of the largest soybean producer in India and also produces various rice varieties,
including the Chinnar rice brand, which received a GI tag in 2021.

Manufacturing Sector:

Madhya Pradesh's abundant raw materials make it a prime manufacturing hub, particularly in
automobile production. Cities like Indore and Bhopal have emerged as industrial investment
alternatives to larger cities like Noida and Gurgaon. The state leads in textile manufacturing,

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automobiles, food processing, and engineering. With over 4426 factories and India's first
greenfield SEZ in Pithampur, the manufacturing sector is a growing contributor to the state's
economy.

Tourism:

Madhya Pradesh's historical sites such as Ujjain and Khajuraho draw tourists from around the
globe. The state's diverse flora and fauna, showcased in its numerous national parks and
wildlife sanctuaries like Orchha, Pench, and Kanha, make it an attractive destination. With 25
wildlife sanctuaries and 6 tiger reserves, Madhya Pradesh hosts a substantial tiger population,
including the world's first white tiger discovered in Rewa.

Indore City Kanha National Park

Natural Resources:

Rich in natural resources, Madhya Pradesh significantly contributes to the nation's GDP. It
leads in mining stones and boasts the highest copper stone reserves in India. The state also
holds substantial coal reserves, with coal production reaching 132.531 million tonnes in
2023. Moreover, Madhya Pradesh is a major diamond-producing state, contributing
significantly to state revenue, despite not fully capitalizing on its resource potential.

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4. Overall Sectoral and Infrastructural Development

Sectoral Development

Agriculture:

Madhya Pradesh is primarily an agrarian state, with agriculture being the mainstay of its
economy. The state is known for the production of crops like wheat, soybean, pulses,
oilseeds, and cotton. Efforts have been made to enhance agricultural productivity through
irrigation schemes, use of technology, and extension services.

Industry:

The state has been focusing on industrial development, with several industrial areas and
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) established to attract investment. Key industries include
textiles, cement, mining, pharmaceuticals, and automobile manufacturing. Initiatives like the
Industrial Policy and Investment Promotion Scheme aim to boost industrial growth.

Tourism:

Madhya Pradesh is rich in cultural and natural heritage, attracting tourists from all over the
world. The state is home to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Khajuraho, Sanchi, and
Bhimbetka rock shelters. Wildlife tourism is also popular, with national parks and sanctuaries
like Kanha, Bandhavgarh, and Pench offering opportunities for wildlife safaris.

Education:

The state government has been working on improving the education sector by enhancing
infrastructure, promoting literacy, and introducing innovative schemes. Institutions like
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM), and All India
Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) have been established in the state, contributing to
higher education and research.

Infrastructure:

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Efforts have been made to develop infrastructure such as roads, railways, airports, and power
supply to support economic growth. Projects like the development of expressways, metro rail
systems, and the expansion of airports aim to improve connectivity within the state and with
other parts of the country.

Healthcare:

The state has been working on improving healthcare infrastructure and services to ensure
better access to healthcare for its citizens. Initiatives include setting up hospitals, medical
colleges, and implementing health insurance schemes to provide affordable healthcare.

Information Technology (IT):

Madhya Pradesh has been promoting the IT sector through initiatives like the establishment
of IT parks, providing incentives for IT companies, and promoting e-governance. Cities like
Indore and Bhopal are emerging as IT hubs, attracting investments and creating job
opportunities in the IT sector.

Infrastructural Development

Roads and Highways:

The state government has been investing in the expansion and improvement of road
networks, including the construction of highways and rural roads. Projects like the
development of the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) passing through the state have
been crucial for enhancing connectivity.

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Railways:

Madhya Pradesh has an extensive railway network. The government has been working on
modernizing existing railway infrastructure and improving connectivity to remote areas.
Initiatives such as the doubling of railway tracks, electrification, and station redevelopment
have been undertaken.

Airports:

The state has several airports, including the Raja Bhoj International Airport in Bhopal and
Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport in Indore. Efforts have been made to upgrade these airports
and enhance air connectivity to other parts of the country.

Waterways:

The development of waterways, especially along rivers like the Narmada and the Tapti, has
been explored to facilitate transportation of goods and passengers. However, progress in this
area may vary.

Urban Infrastructure:

Cities like Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, and Gwalior have seen significant development in terms
of urban infrastructure. Projects related to smart cities, urban transportation, sewage treatment
plants, and solid waste management have been undertaken to improve the quality of life in
urban areas.

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Digital Infrastructure:

Efforts have been made to enhance digital infrastructure, including the expansion of
broadband connectivity, establishment of IT parks, and promotion of digital services to
facilitate e-governance and digital inclusion.

5. Challenges and Sustainability

Water Management:

Madhya Pradesh faces challenges related to water scarcity, especially in certain regions
during the dry seasons. Sustainable water management practices, including rainwater
harvesting, watershed management, and efficient irrigation techniques, are crucial to address
this challenge. The state government has initiated various schemes like Mukhya Mantri Jal
Abhiyan to improve water availability and quality.

Agriculture:

Agriculture is the backbone of Madhya Pradesh's economy, but it is often affected by factors
like erratic rainfall, soil degradation, and lack of modern farming techniques. Encouraging
sustainable agriculture practices such as organic farming, crop diversification, and promoting
the use of efficient irrigation methods can enhance productivity while minimizing
environmental impacts.

Forest Conservation:

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Madhya Pradesh is known for its rich biodiversity and extensive forest cover. Sustainable
forest management practices, including afforestation, reforestation, and protection of wildlife
habitats, are essential for maintaining ecological balance and conserving biodiversity.

Renewable Energy:

Despite having immense potential for renewable energy sources like solar and wind power,
Madhya Pradesh still relies heavily on conventional sources of energy. Increasing investment
in renewable energy infrastructure and promoting policies to incentivize renewable energy
adoption can help reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy security in the state.

Urbanization and Infrastructure:

Rapid urbanization in cities like Bhopal and Indore poses challenges related to infrastructure
development, waste management, and air pollution. Sustainable urban planning practices,
investment in public transportation, promotion of green buildings, and waste management
initiatives are essential to create livable and eco-friendly cities.

Healthcare and Education:

Ensuring access to quality healthcare and education, especially in rural areas, is crucial for
human development and overall sustainability. The government needs to invest in healthcare
infrastructure, promote preventive healthcare measures, and improve the quality of education
to foster sustainable development.

Climate Change:

Like many other regions, Madhya Pradesh is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change,
including extreme weather events, changes in rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures.
Developing climate resilience strategies, promoting climate-smart agriculture, and integrating

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climate change considerations into development planning are essential for building resilience
and adapting to the changing climate.

6. Implementation

The skit titled "A Journey Through Madhya Pradesh's History" takes the audience on a
captivating exploration of the state's rich cultural and historical heritage. The skit involves
five main characters: a Traveller, a Guide, Chandrashekar Azad, Ambedkar, and a Dancer.

The skit begins with the Traveller arriving in Madhya Pradesh and seeking guidance from the
Guide to understand the essence of the state. The Guide, with great enthusiasm, decides to
narrate the history through the lives of two significant figures - Chandrashekar Azad and
Ambedkar.

Chandrashekar Azad, a revolutionary freedom fighter, is depicted as a symbol of courage and

resistance against colonial oppression. His bravery and sacrifices inspire the audience as they
witness pivotal moments of his life, including his defiance against British rule and his
commitment to the nation's freedom struggle.

Next, the skit transitions to highlight the contributions of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of
the Indian Constitution and a champion of social justice. Through dramatic scenes and
dialogues, the audience learns about Ambedkar's relentless efforts to empower the oppressed
and marginalized communities, advocating for equality and dignity for all.

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Interwoven with these historical narratives is the presence of a Dancer, whose graceful
movements and expressive gestures add depth and emotion to the storytelling. The dancer
symbolizes the cultural richness of Madhya Pradesh, showcasing traditional dance forms and
celebrating the state's vibrant heritage.

As the skit unfolds, the Traveller not only gains insight into the history of Madhya Pradesh
but also develops a profound appreciation for its diverse cultural tapestry and the resilience of
its people. The skit concludes with a message of unity, urging the audience to cherish and
preserve the legacy of the past while embracing the opportunities of the future.

7. Preparation and Photo Gallery:

To implement this skit effectively, several key elements were considered :

 Script: A well-written script that seamlessly integrates historical facts with engaging
dialogue and narrative arcs for each character.
 Costumes and Props: Designing authentic costumes and acquiring props that reflect
the time periods and settings of the skit, enhancing its visual appeal.
 Audience Engagement: Incorporating interactive elements or post-performance
discussions to encourage students reflection and participation, deepening their
connection to the themes explored in the skit.

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