DRUG GENERAL INDICATIONS MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE NURSING CONSIDERATION/HEALTH

EFFECTS TEACHING
Brand Name: Indicated for the treatment of Losartan is an angiotensin II  Dizziness Nursing Considerations:
Cozaar hypertension (high blood receptor blocker (ARB). It  Headache
pressure) in adults and pediatric selectively blocks the binding of  Diarrhea 1. Assess the patient's blood
Generic Name: patients, as well as for the angiotensin II to the angiotensin II  Abdominal Pain pressure before initiating
Losartan treatment of certain types of type 1 (AT1) receptor found in  Symptoms of Upper losartan therapy and regularly
heart failure in adults. many tissues, including vascular Respiratory Tract throughout treatment.
Classification: Additionally, it may be smooth muscle and the adrenal Infection 2. Monitor for signs of
Pharmacotherapeutic: prescribed to reduce the risk of gland. By inhibiting the action of  Cough hypotension, especially during
Angiotensin II stroke in patients with angiotensin II, losartan causes  Back Pain the initial dose titration
receptor hypertension and left vasodilation and decreases  Fever period.
antagonist ventricular hypertrophy, as well aldosterone secretion. This results  Muscled weakness 3. Assess renal function by
Clinical: as to delay the progression of in decreased peripheral resistance monitoring serum creatinine
 Hypotension
Antihypertensive kidney disease in patients with and blood pressure, making and potassium levels
type 2 diabetes and losartan an effective medication periodically.
Dose: hypertension. for the treatment of hypertension 4. Educate patients about the
Initially, 50 mg once and certain types of heart failure. potential side effects of
daily. losartan, including dizziness,
Usual dose: 25–100 hyperkalemia, and cough.
mg/once 5. Advise patients to avoid using
daily or divided bid potassium supplements or salt
Initially, substitutes containing
50 mg/day; may potassium without consulting
increase to a healthcare provider while
100 mg/day Initially, taking losartan.
25–50 Health Teaching:
mg once daily. Target:
150 1. Instruct patients to take
mg once daily losartan exactly as prescribed,
Route: typically once daily with or
without food.
2. Emphasize the importance of
Reference: regular blood pressure
“Focus on Nursing monitoring and adherence to
Pharmacology" by lifestyle modifications (e.g.,
Amy M. Karch dietary changes, exercise) to
optimize treatment outcomes.
3. Encourage patients to report
 any signs of angioedema (e.g.,
swelling of the face, lips,
tongue, or throat) or other
serious side effects promptly.
4. Educate patients about the
potential risks of fetal injury
and death if losartan is used
during pregnancy and advise
women of childbearing age to
use effective contraception
while taking the medication.
5. Remind patients to inform
healthcare providers about all
medications, supplements,
and over-the-counter products
they are taking, as drug
interactions may occur with
losartan.