Given: Mu 0.67fcu/γc εc=0.

003
Mu
Required: b, d, As
C

amax

cmax
b is usually assumed according to N.A. d h
architectural requirements. yct

For maximum efficiency of As

concrete section, use maximum
T=As fy/γs εs>εy/γs b d’
value for (c).

To ensure a ductile behavior, cmax 2 cb

=
ECP 203 specifies that (c) should d 3 d
not be greater than (⅔cb) . 2 600
=
3 600 + f y /  s
400
=
600 + f y /  s

Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry

From equilibrium :
M u = C .yct ( 1 )
0.67fcu/γc εc=0.003
0.67 f cu amax Mu
Mu = amaxb ( d - )
c C

amax
2

cmax
0.67 f cu amax a N.A. d h
Mu = ( 1 - max )bd 2
c d 2d yct

f cu As
M u = Rmax bd 2 T=As fy/γs εs>εy/γs d’
c b

where: Also, from equilibrium: 0.67 f cu /  c amax

amax amax As = bd
Rmax = 0.67
d
(1-
2d
), T = C ( 2 ) fy / s d
amax cmax put:
f y 0.67 f cu
= 0.8
As = amax b 0.67 f cu /  c amax
d d
s c max =
fy / s d
1 Mu 0.67 f cu /  c As = maxbd
d min =
Rmax f cu /  c b As = amax b
fy / s where µ is the
As
reinforcement =
ratio. bd
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry
 cmax 400
=
d 600 + f y /  s
are calculated for different
The values of: amax amax values of fcu and fy and
Rmax = 0.67 (1- )
d 2d presented in tables.
0.67 f cu /  c amax
max =
fy / s d

fy (N/mm2) cmax/d Rmax μmax

240 0.50 0.214 8.56 ×10-4 fcu
280 0.48 0.208 7.00 ×10-4 fcu
360 0.44 0.194 5.00 ×10-4 fcu
400 0.42 0.187 4.31 ×10-4 fcu

Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry

Design a RC rectangular section to h = d + 50
resist (MDL=40kN.m and = 388 + 50 = 438 mm
MLL=25kN.m) given that (b=200mm). take h=450 mm
fcu=25N/mm2 Therefore dactual=450-50=400 mm
st. 360/520

For MLL<0.75MDL: As = maxbd

Mu=1.5(MDL+MLL) = ( 5.00 × 10 -4 × 25 )( 200 )( 388 )
1.5(40+25)=97.5 kN.m
= 970 mm2
From code table:
choose 4φ18 (1017mm2)
Rmax=0.194,
µmax=5.00×10-4fcu
Note: Use the calculated (required)
1 Mu d, not the rounded (actual) d, to
d min =
Rmax f cu /  c b calculate As.

1 97.5 × 106
=
0.194 × 25 / 1.5 200
= 388 mm
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry
 Given: Mu, b, d 0.67fcu/γc εc=0.003
Mu
Required: As C
a c
Since d>dmin: N.A. d
As<Asmax, yct
a<amax,
As
εs>εy/γs T=As fy/γs εs>εy/γs b
From equilibrium : 0.67 f cu a a
)bd 2 
M u = C . yct
Mu =
c d
(1-
2d R = 0.67 ( 1 - )
2
0.67 f cu a Mu a a  2 - 2 + 3 R = 0
Mu = ab ( d - ) = 0.67 ( 1 - )
c 2 f cu
bd 2
d 2d 2 ± 4 - 4 × 3R
c =
That is a 2nd
degree 2
Mu
equation which can be put R=
f cu  = 1 - 1 - 3R
simplified as follows: bd 2
c Note: α ≥0.1
a
=
d
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry
Also, from equilibrium: 0.67fcu/γc εc=0.003
Mu
M u = T .yct C
a c
fy N.A. d
a
= As ( d - ) yct
s 2
As
fy  T=As fy/γs εs>εy/γs b
= As d (1- )
s 2
Design procedure:
Mu Mu
As = R= ≤Rmax
fy  f cu
bd 2
d (1- ) c
s 2
 = 1 - 1 - 3R ≥0.1
Mu
As =
fy 
d (1- )
s 2
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry
As min is the least of:
f cu 1.1
As min = 0.225 bd ≥ bd
fy fy the
smaller
= 1.3 As req

the
But, not less than: greater
As min = 0.25%bd for ordinary mild steel
= 0.15%bd for high tensi le steel

Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry

 Mu
R=
f cu
Design a RC rectangular section to bd 2
resist (MDL=40kN.m and c
MLL=25kN.m) given that (b=200mm, 97.5 × 106
h=600mm). = = 0.100
25
fcu=25N/mm2 ( 200 )( 540 )2
1.5
st. 360/520 < (Rmax=0.194)

For MLL<0.75MDL:
 = 1 - 1 - 3R
Mu=1.5(MDL+MLL)
=1.5(40+25) = 1 - 1 - 3(0.1) = 0.164
=97.5 kN.m >0.1
Mu
d=h-d’ As =
fy 
=600-60 d (1- )
=540 mm s 2
97.5 × 106
= = 628 mm 2
360 0.164
( 540 ) ( 1 - )
1.15 2
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry
Check Asmin:

f cu 25
0.225 bd = 0.225 ( 200 )( 540 ) = 338 mm2
fy 360
1.1 1.1 the
( ≥ bd = ( 200 )( 540 ) = 330 mm2 ) smaller
fy 360
(338)
the
2
1.3 As req = 1.3( 628 ) = 816 mm larger
(338)
0.15%bd = 0.0015( 200 )( 540 ) = 162 mm2

Asmin=338 mm2 (<As=628 mm2)

choose 2φ20 (628mm2)

or 3φ18 (763mm2)

Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry

 Since (d<dmin), compression Given: Mu, b, d
reinforcement must be used. Required: As, A’s

A’s Mu εc=0.003 Muo A’s ΔMu

ε ’s Cs

cmax
d d ys d
= +
As Aso
b εs>εy/γs b
T1
b As1

1 M uo For the rectangular concrete section

d= carrying Muo, tensile reinforcement
Rmax f cu / γ c b
Aso is required, where:
M uo = 
Aso = μmaxbd

Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry

M u = M u - M uo εc=0.003 A’s d” ΔMu
Cs
M u M u ε ’s

cmax
Cs = T1 = =
ys d - d" ys d

T1
As1 =
fy / s
εs>εy/γs T1
b As1
cmax - d "
ε's = 0.003 ( )
cmax
If ε’s ≥ εy/γs → f ’s=fy/γs
A’s Mu
If ε’s < εy/γs → f ’s=Es ε’s

' Cs d
As = '
f s
As
As = Aso + As1 b

Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry

 Alternatively:
Design a RC rectangular section to 1 Mu
d min =
resist (MDL=40kN.m and MLL=25kN.m) Rmax f cu / γ c b
given that (b=200mm, h=400mm).
1 97.5 × 106
fcu=25N/mm2 =
0.194 × 25 / 1.5 200
st. 360/520
= 388 mm > d not O.K.
For MLL<0.75MDL:
Mu=1.5(MDL+MLL) Therefore, we have to use compression
=1.5(40+25)=97.5 kN.m reinforcement.
d=h-d’=400-50=350 mm 1 M uo
d=
Rmax f cu / γ c b
From code table: Rmax=0.194,
µmax=5.00×10-4fcu 1 M uo
350 =
0.194 × 25 / 1.5 200
Mu
R= M uo = 79.2 ×106 N.mm
f cu 2
bd
γc
Aso = μmaxbd
97.5 × 106
= = 0.239 > Rmax = ( 5.00 × 10 -4 × 25 )( 200 )( 350 )
25
( 200 )( 350 )2 = 875 mm2
1.5 not O.K.
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry
 M u = M u - M uo εc=0.003 Cs A’s d” ΔMu
= 97.5 - 79.2 = 18.3 kN.m
ε ’s

cmax
M u d
Cs = T1 = ys
d - d"
18.3 × 106
= = 61000 N
350 - 50 εs>εy/γs T1
b As1
T1
As1 = f y / Es 360 / 200 ,000
fy / s y / s = = = 0.00157
s 1.15
61000
= = 195 mm 2 ∴'s >  y /  s → f 's = f y /  s
360 / 1.15
400 Cs Cs
A' s = =
cmax =
600 + f y /  s
d f 's fy /  s
A’s
400 61000
= ( 350 ) = 153 mm = = 195 mm 2
600 + 360 / 1.15 360 / 1.15
d
choose 2φ12 (226mm2)
cmax - d "
ε' s = 0.003 ( ) As = Aso + As1
cmax
= 875 + 195 = 1070 mm2 As
153 - 50 b
= 0.003 (
153
) = 0.00202 choose 6φ16 (1206mm2)
Reinforced Concrete Design-1, Dr Hazem Elbakry