PERPETUAL HELP PARAMEDICAL SCHOOL INC.

HAPPY HOMES SUBD. TAGAS TABACO CITY

LEGAL ASPECTS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

(PORTOLIO)

GROUP 3 MEMBERS:

BUELO, DANIEL
MAGTANGOB, RIZA
LUMABI, ROBELYN
BLANDO, TRISHA MEA
DE LA TORRE, ROSE
BONTO, MARY ROSE
BOLA, ALLYSA
BOLA, ROSE ANN
GARCIA, GISELLA

MS. SALVE CAPINO

(INSTRUCTOR)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TO OUR INSTRUCTOR, MS. SALVE CAPINO,we would like to send you

our sincerest gratitude for teaching us the legal aspects of tourism and

hospitality. Your dedication to delivering excellent instruction has been an

inspiration. Your knowledge and expertise have helped us gain a comprehensive

understanding of the legal issues that impact our industry. We appreciate your

ability to share your experience with us. We are grateful for your guidance and

support throughout the duration of the course.

TO OUR SCHOOL ADMIN, MR. MANUEL BINALINGBING, we extend our

sincere gratitude for your invaluable service as our school's administrator. Your

leadership and guidance have been integral to our overall educational

experience. Your commitment to fostering a positive and supportive learning

environment has contributed significantly to our success. Thank you for your

unwavering support. We are confident that the knowledge and skills we have

gained under your guidance will serve us well in our future endeavors.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE...........................................................................................................

............................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1

ABOUT US............................................................................................................2

REPUBLIC ACT OF 2009.....................................................................................7

SALE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY.................................................................12

TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP............................................................................15

RECTO LAW.......................................................................................................18

CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE..............................................................................21

AIR PASSENGER BILL OF RIGHTS.................................................................26

TOURISM ACT OF 2009.....................................................................................35

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM............................................................................38

.........................................................................40
TOURISM ENTERPRIZE ZONE

REFLECTION......................................................................................................41

APPENDICES.........................................................................................................

GLOSSARY............................................................................................................
 INTRODUCTION

This portfolio is intended for gaining new knowledge and learning's

throughout this semester. The context of this portfolio is all about the laws that

are connected to the tourism and hospitality industries. This consists of the

different topic that were given to us by our instructor, and this is where we learn

the Republic Act 9593, also known as the Tourism Act of 2009, tackles the topic

of promoting and developing our country’s tourism industry. We also learned the

there are different agencies that are associated with the R.A. 9593. The second

topic is the Sale of Immovable Property and the Two Kinds of Sale. In the two

kinds of sale, we learned about the absolute and conditional sale. Next is the

Transfer of Ownership and the Recto Law (R.A. No. 6552), also known as the

Realty Installment Buyer Protection Act.

The next topic was the Contract of Carriage, also known as

Commonwealth Act No. 65. It’s an act that governs contract for the

transportation of goods by sea to and from Philippine ports in foreign trade. And

the next is the Air Passenger Bill of Rights based on joint DOTC-DTI

Administrative Order No. 1 series of 2012, or the Air Passenger Bill of Rights.

This topic consists of the rights of all passengers when boarding the plane.

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 ABOUT US

Hi, I am Daniel Buelva Buelo and many people call me Dan,

I am a 3rd year college student of Perpetual Help Paramedical

School Inc. The first impression I had on this subject was that it was

hard subject because it was a subject about the Laws that is connected to

Tourism and Hospitality Industry but after a few weeks of studying this subject I

realize that learning the Legal Aspect in Tourism and Hospitality Industry can

greatly help me in the future because knowing the law can help me to know how

can I provide a safe service to my customer hospitality laws will protect the

security of customers and employee to ensure that there will be no problems that

would cause harm to others.

Hi everyone I`m Riza Magtangob but you can call me ‘Riz’

or ‘Zha’. Iam currently a third year college student of Perpetual

Help Paramedical School Inc. At first I find it hard because you

need to study and be familiarized to the different laws we have that

can be connected to the Tourism and Hospitality industry. This subject which is

the Legal aspect helps me to realized the importance of the Tourism and

Hospitality Industry that can be a big help for me when I begin to work in the

world of the said industy.

Hi everyone I’m Robelyn Lumabi a third year college

student. 21 years of age. My hobbies is baking. And my dream was

to become a professional chef. The first impression that I always

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get is that I don’t get along with others or a self absorb which is not true. I have

jolly personality and easy to get along with.

Hi, Good Day everyone. I’m Trisha Mea Benitez Blando,

‘Trish’ for short 20 years of age from Comon, Tabaco City. I am 3 rd

year student currently taking Bachelor of Science in Hotel and

Restaurant Management in Perpetual Help Paramedical School Inc. I simply

aimed to finish my studies and find a stable job. While I struggle with

interpersonal skills and patience, I excel as a listener, am sociable, and

approachable. I am the person with bright and cheerful side.

Hi! I am Rose B. De La Torre a third year student of Bachelor of

Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management or also known as

BSHRM. I am a transfer student and or an irregular student here in

Perpetual Help Paramedical School Inc., At first, my impression to the

subject itself is more about on laws and aspects in relation to tourism and

hospitality. That I thought on the other side I'm not familiar on some of it. As the

topic discuss furthermore by the assign reporter on each group, I learned some

idea and insights about the topic itself. And at the end it does give some

reflections to the current situation and or real life event happened in tourism and

hospitality industry.

Hi, my name is Mary Rose Bonto. I am 21 years old. I’m currently a third

year college student. My course is Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant

Management. Learning this subject was a fun experience, I’ve gained a lot of

knowledge in this subject.

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 Hello everyone! My name is Rose Ann Bracia Bola. I am a

4th year college student. My course is Bachelor of Science in

Hospitality and Restaurant Management, and I'm excited to be a part

of this group portfolio project. I come from Mariroc, Tabaco City, and

I have a variety of interests that I am passionate about. I love cooking, singing,

dancing, and acting. Cooking is one of my greatest passions, and I thoroughly

enjoy experimenting with different flavors and creating delicious dishes.

Hello everyone! My name is Allysa Bola, and I'm thrilled to

be a part of this group portfolio project. At 23 years old, I am

currently a 4th-year college student, majoring in Bachelor of

Science in Hospitality Restaurant Management (BSHRM).

Ultimately, my dream is to establish a milk tea and pastry business with my

boyfriend as my business partner. I am excited about the prospect of creating a

successful venture together and sharing our passion for delicious beverages and

pastries with others. Aside from my entrepreneurial aspirations, I have a talent for

singing and dancing.

I'm Gisella Garcia, I thought this subject was difficult because

it’s all about laws, but when the day started I realized that this subject

was very important to our industry so that in the future we have idea

and knowledge about our duties, responsibilities and rights. I gained

more knowledge about this subject and to our teacher Ma’am Salve Capino.

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 R.A. 9593 (TOURISM ACT OF 2009)

INTRODUCTION

R.A 9593 was approved by former President Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo on

May 12, 2009 and published in the Official Gazette on July 13, 2009.

And later on approved by Congress as SENATE BILL 2213/HOUSE BILL

5229, entitled: AN ACT DECLARING A NATIONAL POLICY FOR TOURISM AS

AN ENGINE OF INVESTMENT, EMPLOYEMENT, GROWTH AND NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING THE DOT, ITS ATTACHED

AGENCIES, TO EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT THAT POLICY, AND

APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORE.

SECTION SUMMARY

 It identifies tourism focal points and resources available within the proposed

Tourism Enterprise Zone (TEZ) and adjoining areas.

 It identifies areas for infrastructure development, investment, and

preservation, as well as the kind of development, nature of investment, or

sustainable activities allowed within preserved areas, respectively.

 It includes medium and long-term studies on market trends and

corresponding development strategies for the TEZ.

 It contains studies on the economic impact of development within the TEZ

and in surrounding communities.

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 It establishes a Board of Directors to oversee the implementation of the

Act.The Board of Directors is responsible for coordinating with inspection

committees, conducting periodic inspections and inventory, preparing the

Department's Annual Procurement Plan, developing and administering

maintenance programs, and coordinating transportation, communication,

messengerial, security, and janitorial services of the Department.

 It provides technical assistance to Local Government Units (LGUs) in the

collection of statistics and establishment of tourism databank at the local

destinations.It prepares economic and market analysis of the trends and

performance of the tourism industry at the national and local destinations,

including the periodic accomplishments of the Department and its attached

agencies.

 It establishes alliances and networks with concerned government agencies,

statistical organizations, private sector, academe, and research institutions to

broaden and deepen awareness of tourism research and statistics as well as

address bottlenecks on gathering and compiling of tourism data.

 It formulates policies on the proper control, utilization, storage, and disposal

of equipment, property, supplies, and materials, in accordance with

government prescribed standards, rules, and regulations.It requires LGUs to

regularly provide a report on the status of tourism plans and programs, tourist

arrivals, and tourism enterprises and inventory of all the resources available

in their areas of jurisdiction, among others, to the Department.

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 TOURISM ACT OF 2009

DECLARED POLICY:

Tourism is an indispensable element of the national economy and an

industry of national interest and importance; harnessed as an engine of

socioeconomic growth/cultural affirmation, to generate investment, foreign

exchange, employment and to mold national pride.

AIMS OF TOURISM AS A NATIONAL POLICY

 For and by the Filipino people, heritage, national identity and sense of

unity.

 Sustainable tourism development.

 Favorable image of the Philippines in international community.

 As a prime tourist hub in Asia, center of world congresses and

conventions.

 Private sector participation and agri-tourism

ATTACHED AGENCIES

PHILIPPINE TOURISM AUTHORITY OR TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE AND

ENTERPRISE ZONE AUTHORITY (TIEZA)

Is an agency of the philippine national government under

the department of tourism responsible for implementing policies

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and programs of the department pertaining to the development, promotion, and

supervision of tourism projects in the Philippines.

The Act supports the establishment of Tourism Enterprise Zones (TEZs)

established to be the centers of tourism development in the country. TIEZA is

mandated to designate, regulate and supervise the TEZs established under this

Act, as well as develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects in

the country.

PHIL. CONVENTION & VISITORS CORP now the TOURISM PROMOTION

BOARD (TPB)

An attached agency of the Department of

Tourism, the Tourism Promotions Board (TPB) exists

to market and promote the Philippines domestically

and internationally as a world-class tourism and MICE destination, in

strategic partnership with private and public stakeholders to deliver a

unique high-value experience for visitors, significantly contributing to

increased arrivals, receipts and investments to the country.

NATIONAL PARKS DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Is an agency of the department of

tourism (dot) of the philippines that is mandated

to develop, preserve, and manage rizal

park (Luneta) and paco park in manila and other parks that may be

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 assigned to it. Its main office is located in the old planetarium

building, padre burgos avenue, rizal park, ermita, manila. NPDC aims to

provide the general public with access to and enjoyment of an open park,

showcase national heritage that will promote Filipino arts, culture and

tradition, develop new parks and conducive business climate consonant to

preservation of historical significance, and establish inter-agency linkages

to achieve the agency’s thrust and programs.

DUTY FREE PHILIPPINES CORPORATION

The DFPC shall be a body corporate to operate the duty

- and tax - free merchandising system in the Philippines to

augment the service facilities for tourists and to generate foreign exchange and

revenue for the government, as established by the Department under Executive

Order No. 46.

INTRAMUROS ADMINISTRATION

IA is a National Government Agency attached to the

Department of Tourism of the Philippines. Under Presidential

Decree No. 1616, IA is responsible for the orderly restoration

and development of Intramuros as a monument to the Hispanic period of

Philippine history.

PHILIPPINE RETIREMENT AUTHORITY

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 PRA is mandated to develop and promote the Philippines as retirement

haven as a means of accelerating the social and economic development of the

country, strengthening its foreign exchange position at the same time providing

further best quality of life to the targeted retirees in a most attractive package.

PHILIPPINE COMMISSION ON SPORTS SCUBA DIVING

The Philippine Commission of Sports Scuba Diving

(PCSSD) is mandated to promulgate programs and projects

geared to the development of the country as a premier diving area in Asia, and to

formulate rules, regulations, safety standards and operating procedures to

implement the development of Sports SCUBA Diving. The PCSSD manages

many of the country’s re-compression chambers and carries out routine spot

checks on breathing air quality from the compressor of its members.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM LAW??

Laws are pervasive in the tourism industry in order to regulate, permit,

promote, empower or ban the commercial/leisure activities of both service

providers as well as contract laws to determine the relations within the industry

segments.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF LAW IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY?

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 KEEP CUSTOMERS SAFE: Food safety laws play a major role in the

hospitality industry, and knowledge about how to clean and store food can keep

your customers safe and help your business avoid lawsuits and fines.

WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF LAWS OF TOURISM LAWS??

NATIONAL LAW

A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by the government of a

sovereign state that holds force throughout the regions and territories within the

government's dominion.

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

International human rights treaties provide an agreed set of human rights

standards and establish mechanisms to monitor the way that a treaty is

implemented. By ratifying a treaty, a country voluntarily accepts legal obligations

under international law.

CUSTOMARY LAW

Customary law is a set of customs, practices and beliefs that are accepted

as obligatory rules of conduct by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Customary law forms an intrinsic part of their social and economic systems and

way of life.

PRIVATE AUTONOMY

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 The principle of private autonomy "simply means that the law views private

individuals as possessing a power to effect, within certain limits, changes in their

legal relations." Autonomy theory argues that people should be free to make

worthwhile choices.

SALE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

The sale of immovable property refers to the transfer of ownership of land,

buildings, or other real estate from the seller to the buyer in exchange for a

certain price. This type of sale typically involves a written contract and may have

specific legal requirements depending on the jurisdiction.

Sale of immovable property through an agent, special power of attorney is

needed when the sale of a piece of land or any interest therein is through an

agent, the authority of the latter shall be in writing otherwise the sale shall be

void.

A contract to sale of a parcel of land must be in writing but not necessarily

notarized.Though a conveyance of land is not made in public document

(meaning not notarized), it does not affect the validity of such conveyance.

TWO KINDS OF SALE

ABSOLUTE SALE

A contract of sale is absolute when title to the property passes to the

vendee upon delivery of the thing sold. A deed of sale is absolute when there is

no stipulation in the contract that title the property remains with the seller until full

payment of the purchase price. The sale is also absolute if there is no stipulation

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giving the vendor the right to cancel unilaterally the contract the moment the

vendee fails to pay a fixed period.

Example:

Justine corporation through its president entered into a contract will Joey,

the registered owner of a 500 square-meter lot located in Bagiuo City. In the said

contract, Joey conveys, transfer and sells his said land to Justine corporation for

the amount of 5 million pesos. Justine corporation shall pay the contract price in

two installments:2.5million pesos upon signing of the contract, and the other

2.5million pesos on Dec. 15,2016.

The above example is an absolute sale because the contract expressly

transferred ownership to Justine corporation despite the fact that the latter shall

pay the contract price into two equal installments. In absolute sale the transfer of

ownership is not subject to any condition.

CONDITIONAL SALE

Ownership remains with the vendor and does not pass the vendee until

full payment of the purchase price. The full payment of the purchase price

partakes of the suspensive condition, and non-fulfillment of the condition

prevents the obligation to sell from arising. An example is contract to sell.

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Example:

Justine corporation through its president entered into a contract with Joey

the registered owner of a 500 square-meter lot located in Bagiuo City. In the said

contract it was stipulated that Joey shall convey, transfer and sell of the said land

to Justine corporation upon payment of the full contract amounting to 5 million

pesos which shall be payable in two installments: 2.5million pesos upon signing

the contract, and the other 2.5 million shall be paid on Dec. 15, 2016. further,

upon payment of the said price, Justine corporation and Joey shall execute

another contract that finally transfer the ownership.

The above example id a conditional sale the transfer of the ownership is

dependent upon the happening of the condition that is full payment of the

contract price and upon execution of another contract that finally transfer

ownership. If these two conditions were not met, there is no transfer of

ownership.

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 TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP

LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP IN TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY

This may involve contracts, licenses, permits, and other legal documents

that outline the terms of the transfer. Additionally, the regulatory environment

governing such transactions varies from one jurisdiction to another, adding

another layer of complexity to the process . Therefore, it is essential for business

owners in the tourism and hospitality sector to seek legal guidance to navigate

the intricacies of transfer of ownership effectively.

TYPES OF OWNERSHIP TRANSFERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

INDUSTRY

Types of ownership transfers in the tourism and hospitality industry can

take various forms, including mergers, acquisitions, and franchising agreements.

Mergers involve two companies combining to form a new entity, while

acquisitions occur when one company purchases another.

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Franchising agreements allow a business to use another company's brand and

business model in exchange for a fee.

These ownership transfers can have significant implications for the

companies involved, as they can lead to changes in management, branding, and

overall business operations .

FACTORS INFLUENCING TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP IN TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY

Factors influencing the transfer of ownership in the tourism and hospitality

industry are diverse and complex.

 One key factor is the economic climate, as fluctuations in the economy

can impact the valuation of tourism and hospitality businesses and the

willingness of buyers to invest.

 Another important factor is regulations and government policies, which

can affect the ease and legality of transferring ownership of businesses

in this sector.

 Additionally, the reputation and brand value of a tourism or hospitality

business can significantly influence the transfer process, as buyers may

be more inclined to acquire businesses with strong brand recognition and

customer loyalty.

 Lastly, technological advancements and market trends play a crucial role

in shaping the transfer of ownership in this industry, as businesses need

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 to adapt to changing consumer preferences and technological

innovations to remain competitive in the market.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN OWNERSHIP TRANSFER WITHIN

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Challenges and opportunities abound in the transfer of ownership within

the tourism and hospitality industry.

 One of the primary challenges faced by businesses in this sector is the

intricate nature of the ownership transition process, which involves

numerous legal, financial, and operational considerations. For instance,

navigating the complexities of stakeholder agreements, licensing

requirements, and tax implications can be daunting for owners looking to

transfer their businesses.

 However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for growth and

innovation. By strategically managing the ownership transfer process,

businesses can attract new investors, forge strategic partnerships, and

capitalize on emerging trends in the market.

 Furthermore, ownership transfer presents an opportunity for businesses

to reposition themselves in a rapidly evolving industry landscape by

leveraging their unique strengths and competitive advantages.

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 RECTO LAW (R.A. NO. 6552)

"Realty Installment Buyer Protection Act"

INTRODUCTION:

 Also known as “Installment sales Law”

 Authored by Senator Claro M. Recto in Dec. 1933

 inspired by the case of “Bachrach Motor vs. Pablo Milan (1933)”

 the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, primarily deals with

intellectual property rights in the Philippines.

Recto Law applies only to:

Sale of personal property where price is payable in several installments;

and lease of personal property with an option to buy, wherein the lessor has

deprived the lessee of the possession or enjoyment of the thing.

COVERAGE: The law covers various types of intellectual property, including but

not limited to:

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Administration: The Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) is

tasked with administering and implementing the provisions of the law.

Patents: Provides protection for inventions that are novel, involve an inventive

step, and are industrially applicable.

Industrial Designs: Protects the visual design of objects that are not purely

utilitarian.

Geographical Indications: Protects products that have a specific geographical

origin and possess qualities, reputation, or characteristics inherent to that

location.

Trademarks: Protects distinctive signs that identify certain goods or services as

those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise.

Copyrights: Grants authors, composers, artists, and other creators rights over

their literary and artistic creations.

Industrial Designs: Protects the visual design of objects that are not purely

utilitarian.

Geographical Indications: Protects products that have a specific geographical

origin and possess qualities, reputation, or characteristics inherent to that

location.

Integrated Circuits: Offers protection to the layout designs of integrated circuits

used in electronic devices.

Enforcement: The law provides mechanisms for enforcing intellectual property

rights, including civil and administrative actions against infringers.

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Penalties: Establishes penalties for various offenses related to the infringement

of intellectual property rights, including imprisonment and fines.

PURPOSE OF RECTO LAW

To prevent the potential abuse committed in connection with the

foreclosure of chattel mortgages. This occurs when the mortgagee-creditor

(seller) foreclose the chattel mortgage and bought it in a lower price then collects

the deficiency from the mortgagor-debtor (buyer).

REQUISITES OF RECTO LAW

 Personal Property

 Price is payable in several installments

 There has been failure to pay two or more installments

 Chattel mortgage has been executed

This law aims to protect buyers from onerous and unfair conditions in real

estate transactions, ensuring that they are treated fairly and have avenues for

recourse in case of financial difficulty.

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 CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE

COMMONWEALTH ACT No. 65

IN ACT TO DECLARE THAT PUBLIC ACT NUMBERED FIVE HUNDRED

AND TWENTY-ONE, KNOWN AS "CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT,"

ENACTED BY THE SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED

STATES, BE ACCEPTED, AS IT IS HEREBY ACCEPTED BY THE NATIONAL

ASSEMBLY

CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE

A “contract of carriage” is a negotiated contract not subject to a tariff that

is between the carrier and shipper for the transportation of cargo.

The written contract between a shipper and carrier sets forth the terms,

conditions, and obligations of each party with respect to the carriage of the

particular goods. Contracted carriers may choose if and when to provide service.

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 COMMON TYPES OF CONTRACTS OF CARRIAGE INCLUDE THE

FOLLOWING:

1. BILL OF LADING

A bill of lading (BOL or B/L) is issued to a shipper detailing the method

and path of a shipment. It is a contract for the movement of the goods, and

serves as a receipt for the cargo and can act as proof of ownership of the goods

being transported.

Ocean shipments use original or express bills of lading while Air

shipments use air waybills.

2. SEA WAYBILL

Sea Waybill is a transport contract contract of carriage) - the same as a

Bill of Lading.

A Sea Waybill, however, is not needed for cargo delivery and is only

issued as a cargo receipt. A Sea Waybill is not negotiable and cannot be

assigned to a third party.

3. AIR WAYBILL

Air waybills are the freight documents associated with air shipments.

An air waybill (AWD) is a non-negotiable document issued by a carrier

when goods are transported by air. An air waybill acts as delivery instructions, a

contract of carriage and a cargo receipt for airfreight.

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4. CHARTER PARTY

Charter party, contract by which the owner of a ship lend it to others for

use in transporting a cargo. The shipowner continues to control the navigation

and management of the vessel, but its carrying capacity is engaged by the

charterer.

CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS

The parties here are the common carrier and the passenger. A passenger

is one who travels in a public conveyance by virtue of contract, express or

implied, with the carrier subject to payment of fare or an equivalent thereof.

i. Gratuitous or reduced fare – a passenger is still considered as such

even if he is being carried gratuitously or under a reduced fair. Art. 1758 of

Civil Code: when a passenger is carried gratuitously, a stipulation limiting

the common carrier’s liability for negligence is valid.

ii. It is the person whose contractual right has been invaded who must

bring every action based on contract.

iii. Only the operator can breach the contract of carriage. A complaint for

breach of a contract of carriage should be dismissed against the employee

who was driving the bus because the parties to the contract of carriage

are only the passenger and the bus owner/operator.

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 iv. However, whether or not there is a written agreement, the carrier owes

a duty of extraordinary diligence directly to the passengers.

There are 2 types of contracts of carriage of passengers.

1.Contract to Carry – an agreement to carry the passenger at some future date.

This contract is consensual and is therefore perfected by mere consent.

2.Contract of Carriage or of Common Carriage itself – should be considered

a real contract for not until the facilities of the carrier are actually used can the

carrier be said to have already assumed the obligation of the carrier.

CARRIAGE OF GOODS

The parties are the shipper and the carrier. The shipper is the person who

delivers the goods to the carrier for transportation. The shipper is the person who

pays the consideration on whose behalf payment is made.

i. Consignee – the person to whom the goods are delivered. May be a

third person who is not actually a party to the contract of carriage.

ii. When Consignee is bound by Contract – The consignee is bound by

the terms and conditions of the bill of lading where it was established that

he accepted the same and is trying to enforce the agreement. They can

be bound by the stipulations of the bill of lading contract by reason of

either:

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 1. the relationship of agency between the consignee and the

shipper/consignor;

2. the unequivocal acceptance of the BOL delivered to the

consignee, with full knowledge of its contents; or

3. availment of the stipulation pour autrui, i., when the consignee, a

third person, demands before the carrier the fulfillment of the stipulation

made by the consignor/shipper in the consignee’s favor, specifically the

delivery of the goods/cargoes shipped.

ELEMENTS

The essential requisites of a valid contract are: 1) consent, 2) object, and 3)

consideration.

In a contract of carriage, consent is given by the carrier on one hand and

the passenger or the shipper as the case may be. The consideration for the

carrier is the fare or freight to be paid by the passenger or shipper. The

consideration for the passenger or the shipper is the promise to transport the

passenger or the goods. The object of the contract is the prestation which id the

transportation of the passenger or goods from one place to another.

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 AIR PASSENGER BILL OF RIGHTS

Based on Joint DOTC-DTI Administrative Order No. 1 Series of 2012 or the

Air Passenger Bill of Rights.

The Rights of Air Passengers under the said Administrative Order are as follows:

1. Right to Full, Fair, and Clear Disclosure of the Service Offered and all the

Terms and Conditions of the Contract of Carriage (Section 4);

2. Right to Clear and Non-Misleading Advertisements of, and Important

Reminders Regarding Fares (Section 5);

3. Right Against Misleading and Fraudulent Sales Promotion Practices (Section

6);

4. Right to Transportation and Baggage Conveyance (Section 7);

5. Right to be Processed for Check-In (Section 8);

6. Right to Sufficient Processing Time (Section 9);

7. Right to Board Aircraft for the Purpose of the Flight (Section 10);

8. Right to Compensation and Amenities in Case of Cancellation of Flight

(Section 11);

9. Right to Compensation and Amenities in Case of Flight Delay (Section 12);

26
10. Right to Compensation for Delayed, Lost and Damaged Baggage (Section

14);

11. Right to Compensation In Case of Death or Bodily Injury of a Passenger

(Section 15);

12. Right to Immediate Payment of Compensation (Section 16).

AIR PASSENGER BILL OF RIGHTS

With the increasing number of people travelling yearly, concerns about an

increase in the number of complaints relating to the conduct of air carriers were

also raised.

In response to such complaints, the Department of Transportation and

Communication (DOTC), together with the Department of Trade and Industry

(DTI), approved the Joint DOTC-DTI Administrative Order No.1 Series of 2012,

otherwise known as the "Air Passenger Bill of Rights," which took effect on Dec.

21,2012. Among other, this issuance seeks to provide full, clear, and accurate

information to the passengers on the services offered by air carriers and the

terms and conditions of the contract of carriage, protection from being bumped

off, and right to compensation in case of cancellation or delay of flights.

It has been observed that the provisions of the regulation appear to

provide equal or better rights to passengers going to or coming from the

Philippines, compared to regulation affecting passengers going to or coming from

the United States (US) or the European Union (EU).

27
RIGHT TO BE INFORMED

The Air Passenger Bill of Rights places emphasis on the right of the

consumer to be informed of the complete terms and conditions of the contract of

carriage, among others. The ticket or boarding pass should state either the

complete terms and conditions of the contract of carriage or that such terms are

readily available in the air carrier’s website, which may be sent to the consumer

upon request. In case of online bookings, the consumer must be informed, at

least twice, of such terms and conditions prior to final submission of his or her

purchase order. In addition, passenger must be apprised verbally of such terms

and conditions in a language easily understood by them.

RIGHT TO NON-MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENT

In order to prevent travelers from being misled by apparently ″cheap″ air

fares which, in actuality, cost considerably higher than the publicized amount, the

Air Passenger Bill if Rights requires air carrier to disclose all other mandatory

fees and charges, including government taxes and full surcharges, in their fare

advertisement. Notably, the new advertisements of several air carriers on

promotional air fares now include the breakdown of other fees charged. This is

similar to the US and EU regulations which also require the advertisements to

state the full price to be charge to the consumer, inclusive of all government

taxes and fees.

RIGHT TO BOARD THE AIRCRAFT

The Air Passenger Bill of Rights takes cognizance of the practice of air

carriers to overbook flights. While the same is not out-rightly prohibited, air

28
carriers are required to bear any expense or injury to the passengers who will be

affected by such overbooking. As remedial measure, the air carrier is mandated

to seek volunteers who would be willing to give up their seats for reasonable

compensation. In case the volunteers are not enough to accommodate all

booked passenger, the air carrier is required to further increase the offer to entice

sufficient volunteers. The air carrier may not bump off passengers without their

consent.

RIGHT TO COMPENSATION AND AMENITIES IN CASE OF CANCELLATION

OF FLIGHT

In case of cancellation of a passenger’s flight, the air carrier is obligated to

provide sufficient refreshments, hotel accommodation, transportation from airport

to the hotel, free phone calls, texts or emails and first aid, if necessary.

Furthermore, the passenger sufficient refreshments, hotel accommodation,

transportation, from airport to the hotel, free phone calls, texts or emails and first

aid, if necessary. Furthermore, the passenger must be reimbursed of the value of

the fare, including taxes and surcharges, or endorsed to another air carrier or

rebooked to the next flight available without additional charge.

RIGHT TO COMPENSATION AND AMENITIES IN CASE OF FLIGHT DELAY

Air carrier are required to provide refreshments, free phone calls, text or

emails and first aid as well as re-book or refund the ticket of the passenger

similar to when the flight of the passenger is cancelled. However, if the delay

extends to at least six hours from the estimated time of departure, the flight will

be considered cancelled, and the rights afforded to passengers booked in

29
cancelled flights will apply. Moreover, the passenger will be entitled to receive

additional compensation. Nevertheless, if the air carrier pushed through with the

flight despite the delay of more than six hours, the passenger has the option to

board such flight.

PHILIPPINE REGULATION AT PAR

Although far from being perfect, the protection afforded by the Air

Passenger Bill of Rights to passenger may be considered at PAR or even better

than the protection offered to passenger covered by the US and EU regulations.

While the government has done a commendable effort to protect the rights of air

passenger and address the abuses of certain air carriers, the measure of

success still rests on the effective implementation of such regulation.

THREE MAIN BILLS OF RIGHTS OF THE PASSENGER

1. The right to be provided with accurate information before purchase.

2. The right to receive full value of the service purchased.

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3. The right to compensation.

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 TOURISM ACT OF 2009

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9593

Background

 Approved by former President Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo on May 12, 2009

and published in the Official Gazette on July 13, 2009.

 Approved by Congress as SENATE BILL 2213/HOUSE BILL 5229, entitled:

AN ACT DECLARING A NATIONAL POLICY FOR TOURISM AS AN

ENGINE OF INVESTMENT, EMPLOYEMENT, GROWTH AND NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING THE DOT, ITS ATTACHED

AGENCIES, TO EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT THAT POLICY, AND

APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORE.

 IRR was signed on November 10,2009 and published November 12, 2009.

 Signed by the former President during the ONE VISAYAS SUMMIT On

CLIMATE CHANGE at Imperial Palace, Cebu City.

TOURISM ACT OF 2009

The Tourism Act of 2009 made the state declares the tourism is an

indispensable element of the national economy and an industry of national

interest and importance; harnessed as an engine of socioeconomic

growth/cultural affirmation, to generate investment, foreign exchange,

employment and to mold national pride for all Filipino.

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 PURPOSE OF TOURISM ACT OF 2009

The primary goal of tourism law is to create a regulatory framework for the

correct use,development, and control of tourist activities, which is backed by the

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).

POWERS OF DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM UNDER THE TOURISM ACT OF

2009

 It plays a crucial role in coordinating and supplementing the efforts of the

state/union territory governments, catalyze, private investment, strengthening

promotional and marketing efforts and in providing trained manpower

services.

 DOT shall be the primary planning, programming, coordinating, implementing

and regulatory government agency in the development and promotion of the

tourism industry, both domestic and international, in coordination with its

attached agencies and other government instrumentalities.

 It shall instill in the Filipino the industry’s fundamental importance in the

generation of employment, investment and foreign exchange.

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 HOW DID THE TOURISM ACT OF 2009 CONTRIBUTE TO THE PHILIPPINE

TOURISM

1. Ensure the Development of Philippine Tourism

2. Recognize Sustainable Tourism Development

3. IRR was signed on November 10, 2009 and published November 12, 2009

4. Promoting Tourism Industry

5. Create a favorable Image of the Philippines

6. Develop the country as a Prime Tourist Hub in Asia

IS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TOURISM ACT OF 2009 EFFECTIVE IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM?

Using descriptive method, results revealed that by implementing the policy

of tourism act of 2009, positive effects on the city economic, social and

environmental development occurred.

The awareness of the residents contributed successful implementation of

tourism act of 2009, by formulating their own policies in the form of ordinances,

resolutions, plans and programs of LGU units.

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 DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM DOT

The Department of Tourism (DOT) created by virtue of Presidential

Decree No. 189. It is the primary policy-making planning, programming,

coordinating and administrative entity of the executive branch of government in

the development of the tourism industry,both domestic and international.

The Department of Tourism (DOT) shall be the primary government

agency charged with the responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop

tourism as a major socioeconomic activity to generate foreign currency and

employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both private and public

sector.

The Department of Tourism (DOT), under this laws is recognized and

given considerable sources of funding to achieve its designated mandate and

functions, which includes increasing tourist access. Certain areas are to be

designated as tourism enterprise zones (TEZ) and incentives are given to

covered tourism enterprises.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (DOT)

 1950s started as a private initiative, the Philippine Tourist & Travel

Association was organized.

 1956 the Board of Travel & Tourist Industry was created by law.

 1973 the Department of Tourism (DOT), Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA),

and Philippine Convention Bureau (PBC) were created by the Philippine

government.

39
 DOT's role is to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major

socioeconomic activity to generate foreign currency and local employment,

ultimately spreading the benefits of tourism to both the private and public sector.

Department Secretary

Maria Esperanza Christina Garcia Frasco (born December 25, 1981) is

the current Secretary of the Department of Tourism after being appointed by

President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. in 2022, and the youngest member

of the Cabinet so far. She is a lawyer, having graduated from Ateneo Law.

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 TOURISM ENTERPRIZE ZONE TEZ

VISION

By 2028, TIEZA is the recognized tourism development agency

contributing to inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the Philippines.

MISSION

To contribute to national tourism development goals and showcase

Philippine culture by designating, supervising, and regulating sustainable

Tourism Enterprise Zones; undertaking viable Tourism Infrastructure Projects;

and managing assets.

 A TEZ is a tract of land with defined boundaries master planned to be

developed into an integrated tourism complex prescribed carrying capacities

to host tourism enterprise facilities and services within the property; and

designated as such as by the TIEZA Board under R.A.9593.

 It is responsible for implementing policies and programs of the DOT

pertaining to the development, promotion, and supervision of tourism projects

in the Philippines.

HOW CAN A SPECIFIC AREA BECOME A TOURISM ENTERPRISE ZONE?

It has, or it may have, strategic access through transportation

infrastructure, and reasonable connection with utilities infrastructure systems; It

must be at least five (5) hectares and sufficient in size, such that it may be further

utilized for bringing in new investments in tourism establishments and services.

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 REFLECTION

Daniel Buelo

When I started learning the Legal Aspects in Tourism and Hospitality

Industry i dont know what it is all about, but when class has started i learned that

the Legal Aspects is all about the Law's that help and protect the passenger's,

owner's and establishment. The thing that i learned is that law is a set of rule's

that human must follow like in the R.A. 9593 also known as the Tourism Act Of

2009 it was established so that it can help to promote our tourism industry and

established the attached agencies to help the Tourism Industry.

Riza Magtangob

Robelyn Lumabi

This subject was an interesting subject I've encounter this semester. Legal

Aspect in Tourism and Hospitality gives me a new knowledge regarding as a

tourism professional. The very first topic is all about the Republic Act of 2009

where I learned the different sectors of the tourism sector and how they work

here in the Philippines. There are 3 topics that was my favorite was the Tourism

Act of 2009, Sale of Immovable Property and the Air Passenger Bill of Rights.

One of the milestone laws is the Tourism Act of 2009, which was opened

in the Philippines to enhance its economy and infrastructure by developing its

tourism industry. Specifically, the mentioned act is focused on promoting the

country as the best tourist destination. The act also promotes sustainable tourism

to protect the natural resources of the country. The second important law for the

42
Philippines is the legal framework for the sale of immovable property. Especially,

the Philippine property sale laws safeguard buyers and sellers of immovable

property in the country. It also provides the nuances of property sales and

purchases in the real estate sector. The Air Passenger Bill of Rights and the

Presidential Decree 480, November serve the third milestone of the legal

environment. This act open the check-in, refund, and compensation provided to

the passengers in case of overbooking, cancellations, and delays. Together,

these laws create a more regulated and consumer-friendly environment in key

sectors affecting both residents and visitors in the Philippines, fostering growth

and ensuring equitable practices.

Trisha Mea Blando

Legal Aspect in Tourism and hospitality is one of the difficult subject for

me but with the help of our instructor that make it easy and help us understand

every topic that we discussed. I can say that it’s worth it to listen in every words

you can hear from her. The struggle of understanding the law, articles, the

importance of law in tourism and hospitality, the tourism act and the purpose of it,

bill of rights. In my course, understanding the legal dimensions of tourism and

hospitality is crucial for businesses to adhere to rules, mitigate risks, safeguard

rights, uphold consumer trust, and operate with integrity and longevity. This

encompasses various areas like permits, labor regulations, consumer rights,

health and safety protocols, environmental compliance, intellectual property, and

global legal frameworks. It learned the essence of skills in responsibility

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interpreting and implementing those laws that we tackled, alongside adeptly

managing risks, resolving conflicts, and handling crisis, to excel in these sectors.

Rose De La Torre

I learned that we must take part on negotiating things that related to

business or others. In order developed new tools needed for the infrastructures

to make some investment for the growth of the management in his/her

employment standards. In same other way if we have a property to be sold out in

case of something it has a legal documents or papers to be done to be negotiate

with your buyer or the customer. In short it is related to business too.

And if we travel we are aware of something that made us to the limit with

no endless. It may be relatable of not on you. But in some point we are engaging

to our travel agency to where we should supposed to go in a travel. The means

of transportation are used by the passengers to travel from place to another in

accordance to their safety and security. Then we enjoyed every moment that we

experience in travelling.

Lastly, it does give more knowledge and application to some aspects that

we may encounter as we enter to the tourism and hospitality industry. So that we

could accept or take the challenges that may happened to us. That could

developed our skills and abilities. This is just a part of the goal in our life that we

may choose or not.

Mary Rose Bonto

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 In the subject of legal aspects it is about studying of different laws. It

involves analyzing how these laws are interpreted and applied in different

context, and understanding their implications, on individuals, organizations, and

society as a whole. The laws includes here are Tourism Act of 2009, Sale of

Immovable Property. Transfer of Ownership, Recto Law and Contract of

Carriage.

In the Tourism Act of 2009 provides the legal and regulatory framework for

the development and promotion of tourism in the Philippines. It is significant

because it recognized tourism as as essential sector for economic development.

The Sale of Immovable Property involves transactions of real estate, typically

governed by laws that vary jurisdiction. In Tourism and Hospitality, could involve

the buying and selling of hotels, resorts, or other properties used for

accommodation and leisure purposes. The transfer of ownership refers to the

legals process of transferring the rights and the title to a property or asset from

one party to another party. It is important concept in the tourism and hospitality

industry, as it relates to the ownership and management of personal property

ensuring that sellers have the right to sell what they’re offering. In the Tourism

and Hospitality Industry, it could apply to contracts for accommodations,

services, or packages,ensuring that consumers rights are upheld and contractual

obligations are fulfilled. And it sets standards and requirements for the operation

of hotels, restaurant and other hospitality establishments, including licensing

sanitation, and safety measures in Contract of Carriage it refers to agreement

between passengers and transportation providers. It is essential to consider the

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rights and responsibilities of both the carrier and the passenger or shipper, as

outlined in the contract. It is important for tourism businesses to ensure the

smooth and secure transportation of their customers.

Overall, understanding and complying with these legal framework is

essential for the Tourism and Hospitality Industry to operate effectively, operate

effectively, protect the rights and safety of all stakeholders, and maintain the trust

and confidence of the customers.

Rose Ann Bola

Upon reviewing our group reports. I have gained valuable insights into the

various topics related to the tourism and hospitality industry. One of the key

lessons I learned is the economic importance of tourism. The report highlighted

how tourism serves as a driver of investment employment. This underscores the

significance of promoting and developing the industry to harness its full potential.

Another lesson I learned is the complexity of the transfer of ownership

within the tourism and hospitality industry. The report shed light on the legal

considerations and challenges involved in transferring ownership, such as

economic factors, regulations, and technological advancements. This

emphasizes the need for proper legal guidance and regulations to navigate the

transfer process effectively.

Allysa Bola

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 In reflection, these laws and regulations play a crucial role in the tourism

industry and consumer protection. They demonstrate the governments

commitment to providing a safe, fair and reliable environment for both tourists

and businesses. By enforcing these laws, the authorities ensure the rights and

well-being of travelers and consumers, festering trust and confidence in the

industry. Additionally, these regulations contribute to the overall development and

sustainability of the tourism sector, promoting responsible tourism practices and

protecting consumers interests.

Gisella Garcia

In this subject of Law Aspect in tourism and hospitality I learned a lot, like

the tourism and hospitality industry is subject to a wide range of regulations and

laws at the local, national, and international levels. Businesses in this industry

must comply with regulations related to health and safety, employment,

environmental protection, data privacy, and consumer rights. Also about the

Contractual Agreements, in Legal contracts play a significant role in the tourism

and hospitality industry. Businesses enter into agreements with customers,

suppliers, partners, and employees. These contracts outline the rights,

responsibilities, and obligation of each party and help us to prevent disputes and

legal issues. This subject give us more knowledge about the laws and duties in

our industry, that we can use or adapt to our future job under the tourism and

hospitality industry.

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 APPENDICES

TOPIC 1 SHORT QUIZ AND ANSWER :

1. Tourism Act of 2009 also called as ?
 Republic Act No. 9593
2. What does TPB stands for ?
 Tourism Promotion Board
3-5. Give at least 3 aim of tourism as a national policy ?
 For and by the Filipino people, heritage, national identity and sense of
unity.
 Sustainable tourism development.
 Favorable image of the Philippines in international community.

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  As a prime tourist hub in Asia, center of world congresses and
conventions.
 Private sector participation and agri-tourism
6-7.Give at least 2 sources of laws of tourism laws.
 National law
 International treaties
 Customary law
 Private autonomy
8-10. What is Republic Act 9593 all about ?
 An Act declaring a national policy for tourism as an engine of investment,
employment, growth, and national development and strengthening the
DOT.
11-20. Give the 5 agency that is attached to R.A. 9593.
 Philippine Tourism Authority or TIEZA
 Tourism Promotion Board
 National Parks Development Committee
 Duty Free Philippines Corporation
 Intramuros Administration
 Philippine Retirement Authority
 Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving
TOPIC 2 SHORT QUIZ AND ANSWER : (this quiz was not taken due to lack
of time)
1. It refers to the transfer of ownership of land, building , or other real
estate from the seller.
 Sale of Immovable Property
2. Ownership remains with the vendor and does not pass the vendee until
full payment of the purchase price.
 Conditional Sale
3. A contract of sale is ________ when title to the property passes to the
vendee upon delivery.
 Absolute Sale

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4-5. Give the 2 kinds of sale.
 Absolute sale
 Conditional sale
6. A parcel of land must be in writing but note necessarily notarized.
 Contract to Sale
7-8. What are the 2 types of ownership transfer in tourism and hospitality ?
 Merger and franchising agreement
9-13. What are the 4 factors influencing transfer of ownership in tourism
and hospitality industry?
 Economic Climate
 Regulation and Government Policies
 Reputation and brand value
 Technological advancements and market trends
14-20. What are the 4 requisites of Recto Law?
 Personal Property
 Price is payable in several installment
 Chattel mortgage has been executed
 There has been failure to pay two or more installment

TOPIC 3 SHORT QUIZ ESSAY TYPE

1. In your opinion what is the contract of carriage ?
2. What is your takeaway about the Air Passenger Bill of Rights ?

TOPIC 4 SHORT QUIZ

1. What department is under the law is recognized and given considerable
sources of funding?
 Department of Tourism
2. This law declares that tourism is an indispensable of the national
economy and an industry.
 Tourism Act of 2009

50
3. In what year did the board of travel of tourist industry was created by
law?
 1956
4. In what year did the Philippine tourist and travel association was
organized?
 1950
5. This department is a tract of land with defined boundaries master
planned to be developed into an integrated tourism complex.
 TEZ or Tourism Enterprise Zone
6. TIEZA board is under what Republic Act?
 R.A. 9593 or Republic Act 9593
7-12. Give the 5 tourism act of 2009 contribute to the Philippine Tourism.
 Ensure the development of Philippine Tourism
 Recognize sustainable tourism development
 Promoting Tourism industry
 Create a favorable image of the Philippines
 Develop the country as a prime tourist hub in Asia
13-14. What is DOT stands for and give the definition ?
 Department of Tourism it is the primary policy-making planning,
coordinating, and administrative entity of the executive branch of
government.
15-16. What is UNWTO stands for and give the definition?
 United Nations World Tourism Organization is a specialized agency of
the united nations which promotes responsible, sustainable and
universally-accessible tourism.
17-20. Give the difference of DOT and TEZ. Essay Type

Rubrics for essays:

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Focus - distinct controlling point made.

Content - specific and illustrative content.

Organization - sophisticated arrangement of content

GLOSSARY

CHATTEL MORTGAGE s a loan for a manufactured home or other movable

piece of personal property, such as machinery or a vehicle.

COMPENSATION refers to monetary payment given to an individual in exchange

for their services.

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CONSIGNEE the person or company to whom goods or documents are officially

sent or delivered:

DEED OF SALE is a contract where (a) the seller sell property to the buyer; and

(b) the buyer pays the purchase price for the property.

DOT (Department of Tourism) is the Philippines' executive office responsible for

the regulation and promotion of the Philippine tourism industry.

DOTC (Department of Transportation and Communications) is the primary

government agency responsible for the development and regulation of

transportation and communications systems.

DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) is the executive department of the

Philippine government responsible for the advancement, promotion,

governance, regulation, management and growth of industry and trade.

GRATUITOUS is something that is done voluntarily or for free.

IMMOVABLE PROPERTY would be such things as land or buildings, which are

thought to be stationary in space

JURISDICTION the official power to make legal decisions and judgement.

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS (LGUS) can take the form of a province, a city, a

municipality, or a barangay.

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY means national public-sector bodies, or

bodies governed by private law with a public-service mission, to which

budget implementation tasks have been entrusted

NOTARIZED it is signed by a notary public in order to make it official or legal:

OVERBOOK to sell more tickets or places for an aircraft, holiday, etc. than are

available.

PERSONAL PROPERTY refers to the items that people own such as furniture,

appliances, or electronics

POUR AUTRUI is a legal term that means making an agreement or contract that

benefits a third party

REQUISITES means not lower or higher than necessary – fits comfortably w/in

scope of discretion

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SPECIAL POWER OF ATTORNEY is a legal document that grants a chosen

individual—the agent or attorney-in-fact—the authority to perform specific

actions on behalf of another person, the principal or grantor.

THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OF THE PHILIPPINES (IPOPHL) is

a government agency attached to the Department of Trade and Industry in

charge of registration of intellectual property and conflict resolution of

intellectual property rights in the Philippines.

TOURISM ENTERPRISE ZONE (TEZ) is a tract of land with. defined boundaries

and master planned to be. developed into an integrated tourism area with.

prescribed carrying capacities to host tourism.

VENDEE a person who buys.

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