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Ernst R. Wendland

ANALYZING
THE PSALMS

Summer Institute of Linguistics


1998
Эрнст Р. Вэндленд

ГАРМОНИЯ И АЛГЕБРА
ПСАЛТИРИ:
литературный и лингвистический анализ
библейских псалмов

Общедоступный
Православный Университет,
основанный протоиереем Александром Менем

Институт перевода Библии, Москва

2010
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