ORAL COM REVIEWER
Step 1 > Stimulus
WEEK 1 : DEFINING COMMUNICATION
Communication > the act or process of
using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors
to express or exchange information or to
express your ideas, thoughts, feelings to
someone else.
> Sounds and words
> Also called Verbal Communication
> Speaking and Listening
- voice quality, pitch, intonation, stress,
and word junctures
Factors affecting the speaker’s message :
Vocal Qualities >
Tone = The quality or emotion implied
such as sadness, anger, and surprise
Word Emphasis = Meaning may differ
based on the word we emphasize
Speed and Volume = Affects how well
others understand you.
Pitch = is the highness or lowness of
sound
Intonation = is variation in the pitch of
the voice
Stress = is when you emphasize a syllable
in a word so the meaning differ
Word Junctures = are pauses between
words and punctuations
WEEK 2 : THE PROCESS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Step 2 > Ideas are recognized by the
brain
Step 3 > Ideas and thoughts are encoded
into language symbols or words
Step 4 > Thoughts/Ideas will be
externalized, choosing a channel
Step 5 > Words are now being uttered
and may be done with actions
Step 6 > The message is received by the
listener through his/her senses
WEEK 3 : ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
> Sender-Receiver
> Message
> Channel
> Feedback
> Noise
> Setting
WEEK 4 : MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Linear/Transmission Model > The receiver
is passive.
Interaction model > Communicators has
an exchange of messages and feedback
Transactional model > Message are
continuously sent without waiting for
feedback
Encoding > Thoughts into communication
Decoding > Communication into thoughts
Aristotle model > Simplest model.
Sender (Ethos) - Message (Logos) -
Receiver (Pathos)
Wendell Johnson’s Model > This model is
primary physiologically based, not
interested in attitudes, social situations
or message organization. It is concerned
with production of ideas.
David Berlo’s model > Uses the SMCR as
the key components of communication
S = Source of communication
M = Message
R = Channel
C = Receiver
WEEK 5 : NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Types of Non Verbal communication :
A. Body Movements > also known as
kinesics
1. Emblems > Body movements with
translation into words (Thumbs up)
2. Illustrators > Used to accent, to
emphasize, or to reinforce words. When
someone points they finger when giving
direction.
3. Regulators > Signs showing control of
the back and forth nature of speaking
and listening (Head nods, hand gestures,
and other movements that signal the
beginning and end of interaction)
4. Display of feelings > A person’s face
and body movements may convey how
intense his emotions is (hug may signify
an intimate relationship)
5. Adaptors > Non verbal ways used in
adapting to the communication situation.
Usually, these are implied meanings that
the speaker would like to mean
B. Paralanguage > refers to the ways of
saying something
1. Rate > speed of speaking
2. Pitch > Highness or lowness of tone
3. Volume > Loudness or softness
4. Sound (Quality) > Pleasing or
unpleasing sound
C. Body types > can also communicate a
message (William Wells and Betram
Siegel, Stereotyped Somatotypes)
1. Ectomorphs (Thin people) > ambitious,
younger, more suspicious of others
2. Endomorphs (Fat people) > more
fashionable, lazier, weaker, warm-
hearted
3. Mesomorphs (Athletic people) >
stronger, more adventurous, more
matured
D. Attractiveness > physical attributes of
a person may mean something to the
people around him/her
E. Body Adornment > includes hairstyle,
facial hair, tattoos, piercing, and make
up, is any addition to the body designed
to beautify.
F. Space and Distance > is studied as
proxemics (Edward Hall). It concerns the
way a person uses the space around him
as well as the distance where he stands.
1. Intimate Distance (18 inches apart) - in
direct contact with each other
2. Personal Distance (18 inches to 4ft) >
casual and personal conversations
3. Social Distance (4 to 12ft) > mostly
done in impersonal business and social
gatherings or interviews which is
expected to be more formal
4. Public Distance (12ft or more) > used in
public speaking.
G. Touch > is called haptics. According to
Hybels and Weaver (2997) there are five
categories of touch
H. Time > chronemics is the study of how
we refer to and perceive time.
WEEK 6 : EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
Intrapersonal Communication >
Communication with the self
Interpersonal Communication >
Communication with others
Guides to Improve a Person's
Communication Skills :
1. Be an attentive listener.
2. Observe nonverbal signals.
3. Be stress-free during communication.
4. Be assertive
Attentive listener > also understanding
the emotions the speaker is trying to
communicate.
Nonverbal signal > the way you look,
listen, move, and react to another person
tells them about you
Stress-free during communication > To
communicate effectively, you need to be
aware of and in control of your emotions.
Assertive > Expressing your thoughts,
feelings, and needs in an open and
honest way, while standing up for
yourself and respecting others.
Stress and out of control emotion > you're
more likely to misread other people,send
confusing or off-putting nonverbal
signals
Lack of Focus > thinking about something
else, you're almost certain to miss
nonverbal cues in the conversation
Inconsistent Body Language > If you say
one thing, but your body language says
something else, your listener will likely
feel you're being dishonest
Negative Body Language > If you
disagree with or dislike what's being said,
you may use negative body language
tore buff the other person's message
Empathy > conveys sensitivity to the
other person
Escalating assertion > you become
increasingly firm as time progresses,
which may include outlining
consequences if your needs are not met.
WEEK 7 : INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
Intercultural Communication > form of
communication that aims to impart
information,ideas, insights and opinions
across various cultures and social
communities.
Message Transmission > In
communication between two people of Regulation/ Control
the same culture, the person who Social Interaction
receives the message interprets it based Motivation
on values, beliefs and expectations or Information
behavior similar to those of the person Emotional Expression
who sent the message.

Attribution > It is the process where

people look for an explanation of another
person's behavior

Adaptation > Management of

Intercultural Communication

Cultural Convergence > In a relatively

closed social system in which
communication among members is
unrestricted, the system as a whole will
tend to converge over time toward a
state of greater cultural uniformity.

Communication Accommodation Theory

> This theory focuses on linguistic
strategies to decrease or increase
communicative distances

Intercultural Adaptation > This theory is

designed to explain how communicators
adapt to each other in " purpose -related
encounters", at which cultural factors
need to be incorporated.

Co-cultural Theory > It refers to

interactions among under represented
and dominant group members. It
includes but are not limited to people of
color, women, people with disabilities,
gay men and lesbians, and those in the
lower social classes

WEEK 8 : FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION