HEMIS TRY

C PBL 1

FOOD ADDITIVES &

MEDICINES
Name: Iverson Tan

Class: 5S4

Teacher: Pn Chan Yoke Bee

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 types of
food additives

preservatives
Exp: Sodium nitrate, sulphur dioxide

Function: Prevent spoilage by inhibiting the

growth of bacteria, fungi and other
microorganisms

colourants
Exp: Tartrazine (E102), beta-carotene

Function: Make food more visually appealing, or

compensate for natural colour loss during
processing

flavour enhancers
Exp: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), disodium
inosinate

Function: Bring out natural flavours of

ingredients such as umami to improve the
food’s taste
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 types of
food additives

Antioxidants
Exp: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Function: Slow down the oxidation of fats and

oils in food, extending its shelf-life

Emulsifiers
Exp: Lecithin, monoglycerides

Function: Help mix ingredients that would

normally separate, prevent formation of clumps,
and improve the texture of food products

Thickeners and stabilizers

Exp: Xanthan gum, pectin

Function: Improve texture and consistency of

food products by adding viscosity and enhancing
the stability of emulsions in foods

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 EFFECTS OF FOOD
ADDITIVES ON HEALTH
ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Certain food additives can trigger
allergic reactions in sensitive individuals,
leading to symptoms like skin rashes,
itching, swelling, or respiratory issues.

HYPERACTIVITY
Some studies suggest a possible link
between certain food additives,
particularly artificial colourants and
preservatives, and increased hyperactivity
and attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children.

GASTROINTESTINAL
DISTURBANCES
Consumption of certain food
additives may cause bloating, gas,
diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort,
particularly in individuals with
sensitivities or intolerances.

NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS
Some food additives, particularly flavor
enhancers have been reported to cause
adverse neurological effects such as
headaches, dizziness, or numbness in
sensitive individuals.

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 TRADITIONAL
MEDICINES
Root plant from Asia and North America
Boosts energy, improves cognitive
function, enhances physical stamina,
GINSENG strengthens immune system, and acts as
an adaptogen

Spice from South Asia

Contains curcumin with anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant properties
Used for pain relief, inflammation
reduction, digestion improvement, and TUmERIC
overall health support

Flowering plant native to North America

Strengthens immune system, shortens
cold and flu duration
Additional anti-inflammatory and
ECHINACEA antimicrobial benefits

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 TRADITIONAL
MEDICINES
Bulbous plant cultivated worldwide
Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and
immune-boosting properties

Garlic Supports cardiovascular health, lowers

blood pressure and cholesterol, enhances
immune function

Rhizomatous plant from Southeast Asia

Reduces nausea, indigestion, and
gastrointestinal discomfort
Possesses anti-inflammatory properties, ginger
relieves pain, reduces inflammation, and
supports immune function

Hybrid mint plant from Europe and Asia

Soothes digestive issues, reduces

peppermint headaches, relieves nasal congestion,

and improves mental clarity

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 TRADITIONAL
MEDICINES
Flowering plant native to Europe and
Western Asia
Promotes relaxation, relieves stress and
anxiety, reduces insomnia, and soothes
chamomile digestive discomfort
Commonly consumed as tea

Succulent plant from North Africa

Treats skin conditions like burns, wounds,
sunburns, insect bites, moisturizes, and Aloe
soothes skin vera
Flowering plant from Europe, Asia,
and North Africa
Eases symptoms of mild to moderate
ST. john’s depression and anxiety, may help
wort relieve nerve pain and promote
wound healing

Perennial herb from Europe and Asia

Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and
demulcent properties licorice
Soothes coughs, sore throats, respiratory
infections, and supports digestive health
root
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 TYPES OF
MODERN
MEDICINES
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Antibiotics
Exp: Amoxicillin,
Ciprofloxacin
Treat bacterial infections
by killing or inhibiting
bacterial growth, targeting
specific bacterial structures
or processes
Analgesics
Exp: Acetaminophen
(paracetamol), Morphine
Relieve pain by blocking
pain signals to the brain
or reducing inflammation,
providing temporary relief
from various types of pain

Antidepressants
Exp: Sertraline, Fluoxetine, Escitalopram
Treat depression and mood disorders by
altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain,
improving mood, regulating sleep patterns,
and enhancing overall well-being
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 POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF
USING MODERN MEDCINES
DROWSINESS
OR DIZZINESS
Certain medications can cause
drowsiness, dizziness, or impaired
coordination, affecting one's
ability to perform tasks safely.
HORMONAL
IMBALANCE
Certain medications can disrupt
hormone levels, causing side effects
like weight gain, acne, menstrual
irregularities, or sexual dysfunction.
RISK OF
INFECTIONS
Immunosuppressant medications
can weaken the immune system,
increasing the risk of
infections or reactivation of
latent infections.
DRUG
INTERACTIONS
Modern medicines can interact with
each other or other substances,
potentially altering effectiveness or
increasing the risk of adverse effects.
BONE DENSITY
LOSS
Long-term use of certain
medications can increase the risk of
osteoporosis and bone fractures
due to reduced bone density.
LIVER OR
KIDNEY
DAMAGE
Some medications, especially pain meds,
antibiotics, or chemotherapy drugs,
can cause liver or kidney damage with
excessive or prolonged use.
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 Prescription and
C OR RE CT Consultation
US AG E O F Obtain a prescription from a
qualified healthcare professional

MODERN based on a thorough assessment of

your medical condition.

EDICINES
M
read
instructions
carefully
Read the medication label or patient
information leaflet carefully before
taking the medication, paying
attention to dosage instructions and
potential side effects.

Take With Food Dispose of Unused or

or Water if
Necessary
Some medications may need to be
taken with food or water for better
absorption or to reduce side effects.
Expired Medications
Properly
Dispose of unused or expired
medications properly to prevent
accidental ingestion or
environmental contamination.

Store properly
Store medications according to
instructions provided on the label to
maintain stability and effectiveness.

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 MODERN
MEDICINES vs TRADITIONAL
MEDICINES

Both aim to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage medical

conditions, improving health outcomes.

Developed through careful Used for centuries based on

scientific research and regulatory empirical observations, cultural
approval processes practices, and ancient knowledge

Undergo standardized Derived from natural sources

manufacturing processes and such as plants, herbs, minerals,
quality control measures and animal products

Target specific biochemical Holistic approaches that address

pathways or physiological physical, mental, emotional, and
processes involved in disease spiritual aspects of health

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