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The Use of TikTok in Learning English as a Second Language

Article in International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research · July 2023
DOI: 10.55057/ajress.2023.5.2.35

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Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences
e-ISSN: 2682-8502 | Vol. 5, No. 2, 355-365, 2023
http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ajress

The Use of TikTok in Learning English as a Second Language


Nurul Huda Ibrahim1*, Suhaniz Ayuni Shafie1, Intan Noorazlina Abdul Rahim1
1
General Studies Department, Kolej Poly Tech MARA Kuantan, Kuantan, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: huda_i@gapps.kptm.edu.my

Received: 28 April 2023 | Accepted: 5 July 2023 | Published: 30 July 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2023.5.2.35
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: The use of social media platforms such as TikTok has become increasingly popular
in recent years, and it is not limited to entertainment purposes only. This paper explores the
potential benefits of using TikTok as a tool for learning the English language. The study
analyses how TikTok can enhance language learning by providing learners with exposure to
authentic language use, opportunities to practise language skills, and engagement with a
community of language learners. The qualitative method was used in conducting this study.
The findings suggest that TikTok can be an effective supplement to traditional language
learning methods, providing learners with a fun and engaging way to develop their language
skills. However, further research is needed to determine the full extent of TikTok's potential as
a language-learning tool.

Keywords: TikTok, English language, social media, education


__________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Introduction

The emergence of social media platforms has opened up new opportunities for language
learners to practise their skills and engage with a global community of language learners. One
such platform that has gained significant popularity in recent years is TikTok. TikTok is a
social media platform that allows users to create and share short videos, with a focus on music,
dance, and comedy. While TikTok is often associated with entertainment, it also has the
potential to be a powerful tool for language learning. This makes it an ideal tool for language
learning because it provides learners with exposure to authentic language use in real-world
contexts. By watching videos created by native speakers of English, learners can improve their
listening and comprehension skills and learn new vocabulary and expressions. TikTok also
allows users to create videos, which can be used as a tool for practising language skills such as
speaking, pronunciation, and writing. Users can even get feedback from native speakers and
other language learners by sharing their videos with the community.

TikTok for language learning is that it provides learners with a sense of community. The
platform has a large and active community of language learners who share tips and resources,
provide feedback, and offer support to one another. This can help learners feel more motivated
and engaged in their language-learning journey. While TikTok shows promise as a language
learning tool, further research is needed to determine its full potential. Some challenges may
arise, such as the quality of the content and potential distractions from other entertainment
content. However, the findings suggest that TikTok can be an effective supplement to
traditional language learning methods, providing learners with a fun and engaging way to
develop their language skills.

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TikTok has been a pop culture phenomenon, which has garnered one million active users per
month worldwide (Doyle, 2023). The app's widespread use represents a new form of
communication that makes use of videos to convey information in fun and engaging ways.
Language learning educators are beginning to recognize TikTok's potential to revolutionise
teaching and learning experiences. TikTok offers a new and innovative way of creating and
sharing educational content that caters to the needs and preferences of learners. Moreover,
using TikTok in classrooms has proved to promote digital literacies, cultural exchange, and
collaborative learning.

On the other hand, English is considered the most widely spoken language in the world, and
learning it provides a lot of opportunities for personal growth, and academic, and professional
advancement. However, learning English as a second language (ESL) is not always easy,
especially for non-native speakers. Many students face challenges in acquiring fluency,
pronunciation, vocabulary, and comprehension, as they struggle to find studies that are
engaging and effective. The advancement of technology and the ubiquity of social media have
resulted in new possibilities for language learning. TikTok, a short-form video-sharing app,
has been at the forefront of these developments.

2. Background of the Study

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of using TikTok as a tool for learning the
English language. The English language is widely recognized as a global language and is used
for communication in various fields such as business, education, and technology. In recent
years, social media platforms such as TikTok have gained immense popularity among people
of all ages, particularly among the youth. Tik-Tok is a video-sharing app that allows users to
create short videos and share them with a global audience. The app has become a popular
source of entertainment and a platform for creative expression.

Given the popularity of TikTok and the importance of English proficiency, it is worth exploring
the potential of TikTok as a tool for English language learning. TikTok provides a unique
opportunity to engage learners interactively and engagingly. The app's short video format can
be used to teach English vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and other language skills.
Additionally, TikTok's algorithm can be used to personalise learning by recommending content
based on learners' interests and learning preferences.

Despite the potential of TikTok as a tool for English language learning, there is a lack of
research on its effectiveness. Therefore, conducting a case study on the use of TikTok for
English language learning can provide valuable insights into the benefits and limitations of
using the app for language learning. The case study can also explore the perceptions and
experiences of learners and instructors using TikTok for language learning. Overall, the study
can contribute to the development of effective strategies for using TikTok as a tool for English
language learning.

3. Literature Review

3.1 Social media


Social media is a term used to describe a group of online platforms and technologies that enable
users to create, share, and exchange user-generated content and participate in social
networking. Social media platforms are primarily internet-based and may include websites,
mobile applications, and other digital communication tools.

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e-ISSN: 2682-8502 | Vol. 5, No. 2, 355-365, 2023
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According to Lin et al. (2016), students who utilised social media for foreign language learning
exhibited significant enhancements in their motivation and attitudes towards the subject, as
well as notable progress in their speaking and listening abilities. Similarly, a sizable study
conducted in Malaysia investigated the use of Facebook for learning English at the tertiary
level and found that students perceived it as a valuable online platform for improving their
language skills (Kabilan et al., 2010).

Social media allows individuals and organisations to connect and interact with each other, share
information, and build communities. Users can share a wide range of content, including text,
images, videos, and links. Social media platforms also offer features such as commenting,
liking, and sharing, which allow users to engage with each other's content and build
relationships.

Some popular social media platforms include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok,
YouTube, and LinkedIn. These platforms have become an integral part of many people's daily
lives, providing a way to stay connected with friends and family, stay informed about current
events, and engage with communities of interest. Social media has also become an important
tool for businesses and organisations to connect with customers and promote their products and
services.

According to Sarwar et al. (2019), almost all students, approximately 95%, have access to an
internet-connected mobile device, which means only a small fraction of students, less than 5%,
may not be able to use mobile technology for educational purposes. As social media is highly
prevalent among students, it is crucial to explore its potential for educational use and
incorporate media-oriented strategies in the development of educational curricula and
technology-based learning resources.

3.2 TikTok as an educational tool


TikTok is a well-known social media platform that focuses on young users sharing brief videos
lasting from 3 to 60 seconds. Users can create videos of themselves acting silly or lip-syncing
to music or speech recordings, and then modify the content using different visual effects.
Demmy and Fathul (2018) state that TikTok is a newly popular social media platform that
allows users to create interesting videos and engage in private chats. The app has simple yet
captivating visual effects. One potential productive use of TikTok in the classroom is for
students to watch videos created by teachers. In a flipped classroom approach, teachers have
produced their own videos to explain complex topics and provide detailed instructions for
assignments, which are accessible on their personal websites.

TikTok is primarily known as a social media app for entertainment and creative expression,
but it has also been used in educational contexts. Some educators and learners have found
TikTok to be a useful tool for teaching and learning such as:
a. Teaching language skills: TikTok can be used to teach language skills such as vocabulary,
grammar, and pronunciation. Educators can create short videos explaining language
concepts, and learners can create videos to practise using the language.
b. Explaining complex concepts: TikTok short video format can be used to explain complex
concepts simply and engagingly. Educators can create videos that break down difficult
topics into bite-sized pieces, making it easier for learners to understand and remember the
information.

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c. Collaborative learning: TikTok can be used to promote collaboration and group learning.
Learners can create videos together on a specific topic or project, and share their videos
with their classmates.
d. Personalised learning: TikTok algorithm can be used to personalise learning by
recommending content based on learners' interests and learning preferences. Educators can
curate a list of relevant videos for their learners, and learners can also explore the app and
discover videos that interest them.
e. Creative expression: TikTok can be used as a tool for creative expression and storytelling.
Learners can create videos that demonstrate their understanding of a topic or express their
ideas and opinions.

The research was conducted by Chen and Kang (2023) stated that TikTok helps students in
becoming more fluent in English. It is probable that students will derive pleasure from novel
experiences that have practical applications to their everyday routine, such as utilising social
media platforms. Implementing social media tools in education is not a groundbreaking
concept. Some researchers have employed social media apps as educational resources, as
demonstrated by Herlisya and Alfiawati's (2019) use of Tiktok as a platform for instructing
English language writing abilities.

Furthermore, language education through short videos in TikTok has made gaining knowledge
more accessible and has also lessened the formality of academic learning. English, being one
of the commonly spoken languages, has been the top pick of many video creators and viewers
for language education as stated in Duan (2023).

It is undeniable that TikTok has the potential to serve as an effective educational tool,
particularly in enhancing one's listening skills. According to Adnan, Ramli and Ismail (2021),
students should be offered a range of options to choose from, based on their individual learning
styles and interests, while also encouraging the use of autonomy-supportive behaviours and
increasing its usage.

3.3 English language in education


The English language is an important aspect of education, as it enables individuals to
communicate effectively, access information, pursue higher education, and advance their
careers. The English language plays a vital role in education, especially in today's globalised
world. English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and it is used as a common
language for international communication in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.
Therefore, a good command of English is necessary for effective communication with people
from different countries and cultures. Other than that, English can open up a world of career
opportunities in fields such as international business, tourism, and education. Many
multinational companies require employees who can communicate effectively in English, and
English language skills are often a prerequisite for employment in certain industries. English
language proficiency can be particularly valuable when employees need to work with clients
and partners from different countries and cultures. Mastery of the English language can provide
individuals with a range of benefits and advantages in today's globalised world.

4. Methodology

Methodology is a critical component of any research study as it provides a systematic approach


to ensure that the research is conducted in a valid, reliable, and ethical manner. In this section,

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the researcher will explain the overall methodology process in this study such as sample size,
data analysis, data collection and research procedure.

4.1 The purpose of the study


The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of TikTok in learning English as a second
language. This study aims to achieve the following objectives:
i. To explore the student's perception of using TikTok in learning the English Language.
ii. To enhance the language skills among students by using TikTok in learning
iii. To compare the used of TikTok and traditional textbook

4.2 Respondents of the case study


For this study, the population of the respondents is semester two students. The researcher
targeted the Business Management students at Kolej Poly Tech MARA Kuantan. A total
number of 23 students will be selected as a respondent for the semi-structured interview
session. The researcher only focuses on a specific group of students at a particular program and
uses a small sample of individuals to gather data about the effectiveness of TikTok as an
English language learning tool.

4.3 Data collection and analysis


In this research, the researcher used the qualitative method. In conducting the qualitative
research, the researcher chooses to conduct the case study method to answer the research
objectives. By using a case study method, the researcher was able to gather detailed and
nuanced information about the experiences of the students using TikTok for English language
learning. This allowed them to gain a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of TikTok as
a language learning tool and how it was being used in a specific context.

At the end of the case study, the researcher will interview the respondent to collect their
response regarding this study. A semi-structured interview is used to conduct the interview. A
semi structured method is a method of gathering information where predetermined themes
guide the questioning, but the questions themselves are not strictly structured. In this particular
study, the interview was fully recorded to ensure the researcher could concentrate on the
interviewees and maintain the precision of the data collection. The purpose of this interview is
to gather feedback from the respondent on the accuracy and completeness of the information
collected during the study. The respondent can also provide their thoughts and insights on the
research objectives and provide additional context or information that may have been missed
during the initial data collection. The researchers conducted analysis using the data
interpretation. Data interpretation is interpreting the findings by drawing conclusions and
making connections between the themes and patterns identified in the data. Table 1 indicated
the interview question adapted from Mei and Aziz (2022)

Table 1: Interview question


No Interview Questions
1 Do you have a TikTok account?
2 How often do you use TikTok?
3 How long would you use TikTok in a day?
4 What do you think about using TikTok to support English language learning?
5 How can Tik-Tok be used to assist you in English language learning?
6 What are the differences between learning English using TikTok & text book?
7 What are the advantages of using TikTok in English language learning?
8 What is your perception of using TikTok in English language learning?

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5. Results and Analysis

The main subject of this chapter is the outcomes of collecting interview data. The goal of the
research is to assess the perception of TikTok as an English language learning instrument by
23 students. The chapter starts by analysing the students’ demographics and proceeds to present
the primary results of the study.

5.1 Respondent’s Demographic Details


5.1.1 Respondent’s Gender
Table 2 indicated a total of 23 students participated in the study. The group consisted of six
males and 17 females, whose ages are also listed. All participants were enrolled as full-time
students of Diploma in Business Management at Kolej Poly- Tech MARA Kuantan. The
interview session with the 23 students was conducted entirely in English, and the results are
analysed based on previous research. The following section presents a summary of the results,
which are described in accordance with the students’ responses to the interview questions.

Table 2: Respondents Demographic Details


Participant Gender Age Semester
R.1 Female 19 Semester 2
R.2 Female 19 Semester 2
R.3 Male 19 Semester 2
R.4 Male 19 Semester 2
R.5 Male 19 Semester 2
R.6 Female 19 Semester 2
R.7 Female 19 Semester 2
R.8 Female 19 Semester 2
R.9 Female 19 Semester 2
R.10 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 11 Male 19 Semester 2
R. 12 Male 19 Semester 2
R. 13 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 14 Female 19 Semester 2
R.15 Female 19 Semester 2
R.16 Female 19 Semester 2
R.17 Male 19 Semester 2
R. 18 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 19 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 20 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 21 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 22 Female 19 Semester 2
R. 23 Female 19 Semester 2

5.1.2 Respondent’s average time spent on TikTok


Table 3 exhibited the average time spent by the respondents on TikTok. The highest number
of participants, a total of 8 respondents, spent an average of 1-2 hours daily on TikTok. 6 other
respondents dedicated 3-4 hours, and 4 respondents devoted 5-6 hours daily to TikTok.
Interestingly, 5 respondents, representing 21.7% of the total, indicated that they spend more
than 6 hours on TikTok daily.

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Table 3: Average time spent on TikTok


Hour/ day Total
1-2 hours 8
3-4 hours 6
5-6 hours 4
More than 6 hours 5
Total 23

5.2 Research objective 1: To explore the student's perception of using TikTok in learning
the English Language
Table 4: Students’ perception of Using TikTok
Responses Respondents Total number of respondents
Interesting tools of learning R1, R2, R6, R7, R13, R19, R21 7
Easy to understand R3, R15, R18, R22 4
Sources of information R4, R5, R8, R11, R16, 5
Distraction R9, R10, R14, R17, R20, R23 6
Save money R12 1

Table 4 showed the students' perceptions of using TikTok as a tool for learning the English
language. Seven respondents found TikTok to be an interesting way of learning English.
Additionally, 4 respondents stated that they find it easy to understand English through TikTok,
while another 5 respondents reported using TikTok as a source of information for learning
English. In contrast, 6 respondents asserted that TikTok is a distraction for them when it comes
to language learning. Only one respondent claimed that learning English through TikTok could
save money as they do not need to purchase textbooks.

The reason why different students have different opinions about using TikTok as a tool for
learning English is because everyone learns in their own unique way. Some students may enjoy
using TikTok to learn English, while others may find it distracting. Additionally, the quality of
the content on TikTok can also vary, which can affect how useful students find it for learning
English. Finally, the way in which students are using TikTok for language learning can also
affect their perceptions. Students who use TikTok as a supplement to traditional classroom
learning may view it more positively than those who rely solely on TikTok for language
learning.

It is important for educators to consider the different needs and preferences of their students
and use a variety of teaching methods and resources to cater to their learning styles. They
should also curate the content carefully and ensure that it aligns with the learning objectives
and standards. By doing so, educators can help students maximize the benefits of using TikTok
and other tools for learning English.

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5.3 Research objective 2: To enhance the language skills among students by using Tik-
Tok in learning
Table 5: Enhance language skills
Agree R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R10, Reason
R11, R12, R13, R14., R15, R16, R17, Improve grammar
R18, R19, R20, R21, R23 Improve language skill
Confident in communicate in English
The video can be repeated to improve English
Can learn through famous influencer

Not agree R8, R9, Distraction


Choose another video than English video

Table 5 demonstrated the potential of TikTok to improve the language skills of English
language learners. 21 out of 23 respondents agreed that TikTok can enhance their
understanding of the language. They reported that TikTok had improved their grammar and
language skills, boosted their confidence in communicating in English, and enabled them to
learn from famous influencers. Additionally, they appreciated the ability to replay videos
repeatedly to improve their comprehension. However, 2 respondents stated that TikTok could
be a distraction for them in learning English, as they often opted for videos that did not use
English while using the app. The need for educators and learners to be mindful of the potential
for distractions on TikTok and to carefully curate content is an important consideration.

TikTok is a social media platform that features a wide variety of content, and not all of it is
related to language learning. As a result, learners may be tempted to watch videos that are not
helpful for their language learning goals. For example, learners may spend more time watching
entertaining or popular videos, rather than videos that can help them improve their language
skills.

Therefore, educators and learners need to carefully select and curate content that is relevant
and beneficial to language learning. This means choosing content that aligns with the learning
objectives and standards, and is appropriate for the learners’ proficiency level. Additionally,
educators can guide learners to select appropriate videos that are useful for language learning,
and discourage them from watching videos that may be distracting.

By carefully curating content and guiding learners to select appropriate videos, educators can
help learners maximize the benefits of using TikTok for language learning. This will ensure
that learners are engaging with relevant and beneficial content that will help them achieve their
language learning goals.

5.4 Research objective 3: To compare the used of TikTok and traditional textbook
Table 6: TikTok and Textbook Comparison
TikTok Textbook Respondents
Interesting (video, background, Reader easy to get bored and sleepy R1, R3, R5, R6, R9, R14, R15,
animation, graphic) Too many words R16, R17, R20, R21, R22, R23
Can learn English everywhere Not convenient because textbook R2, R4, R7, R8, R19
(compact and easy to bring) hard to bring
Only can learn in class

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Easy to understand Complicated R10, R11, R12, R13


Easy to remember Hard to remember fact R18

Table 6 compared the effectiveness of using TikTok and a textbook for learning English
language. Only one respondent found it easier to remember what they learned from TikTok,
compared to facts from a textbook. However, 13 respondents commented that learning English
from TikTok was more interesting than from a textbook due to the use of animations and
graphics in the videos. Additionally, five respondents agreed that TikTok made it easier for
them to learn from anywhere since they could bring their devices with them, while carrying a
textbook was cumbersome. Another four respondents found it challenging to understand
English language through reading a textbook, but found it easier to learn through TikTok.

TikTok videos often make use of animations, graphics, and other visual elements that can make
the learning experience more engaging and interactive. For instance, a TikTok video may use
animations to demonstrate the correct pronunciation of a word or the use of a particular
grammar rule. These visual aids can be particularly helpful for learners who are visual or
kinesthetic learners, as they can help to reinforce concepts and improve retention. On the other
hand, TikTok has the potential to help learners fit learning into their busy schedules and make
more progress in less time.

TikTok, as a mobile app, provides an accessible and convenient platform for learners to engage
in language learning anytime, anywhere. This flexibility can be particularly advantageous for
busy individuals who may struggle to find dedicated time for language learning. With TikTok,
learners can access short, bite-sized language learning content that can be consumed quickly
and easily, without the need for structured class time or a dedicated study schedule.

Furthermore, the engaging nature of TikTok's content, which often includes animations,
graphics, and interactive elements, can help learners stay motivated and focused on their
language learning goals. This can lead to more efficient and effective learning, allowing
learners to make progress in less time.

However, it is important to note that TikTok should not replace traditional language learning
methods entirely. It should be viewed as a supplement to a more comprehensive language
learning curriculum, which includes structured learning and practice opportunities.
Additionally, learners should be mindful of potential distractions and carefully curate content
that is relevant and beneficial to language learning.

6. Conclusion

TikTok can be a valuable tool for learning English as a second language. The platform's short-
form videos and unique style of communication can provide an engaging and entertaining way
for language learners to practise their skills.

Users can find a variety of English language content on TikTok, including instructional videos,
language challenges, and conversations between native and non-native speakers. Additionally,
the app's algorithm can be customised to provide more English language content for users who
express an interest in learning the language.

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However, it is important to note that TikTok should not be used as the sole method of language
learning, as it may not provide a comprehensive understanding of grammar and vocabulary. It
should be used in conjunction with other language learning resources, such as textbooks,
courses, and language exchange programs. Furthermore, TikTok's short-form video format
offers a unique and engaging way to learn English language. Unlike traditional learning
methods, TikTok's videos can be more immersive, interactive, and visually stimulating, which
can make the learning process more enjoyable and effective for many learners.

TikTok's videos can be replayed multiple times, allowing learners to review and reinforce their
understanding of the content. This feature provides a more dynamic and interactive learning
experience than traditional textbooks or lectures, as learners can engage with the content
actively and at their own pace. The ability to replay videos also provides an opportunity for
learners to focus on specific language skills or concepts they need to improve, enabling them
to customize their learning experience. By providing an immersive and engaging learning
experience, TikTok has the potential to motivate learners to continue learning and practicing
English language skills. This can lead to more effective learning outcomes, such as improved
grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary.

In conclusion, while TikTok can be a helpful tool for language learners, it should not be relied
upon as the sole means of learning the English language. With a combination of traditional
language learning resources and the unique engagement and entertainment value of TikTok,
language learners can improve their English language skills while enjoying the app's unique
style of communication.

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