Degu Final Thesis

DESIGN OF PEA SHELLER MACHINE 2017
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all we would like to thank God for his merciful and endless guidance through my life,
however, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals
and organizations.
Next to GOD we are highly indebted to instructor Eniyew Eskezia for his advice, guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also
for his support in completing the project.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our Institute of Technology in developing the project and
people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.
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ABSTRACT
Many farmers grow peas but could not afford the cost of acquiring some of the imported shelling
or threshing machines because of their cost and shortage of information about them. Such people
resort to manual means of shelling or threshing which results into low efficiency, high level of
wastage and exerting of much labor. This machine was constructed to shell pea and separate the
pod from the grains. It was constructed from locally available materials and its cost is very low
and affordable. In this study the most important materials like material, structures and load
conditions are studied for the analysis of pea Sheller machine components in order to improve
the quality of shelled pea, to improve mass production.
It should be noted that in this paper modeling of the pea Sheller machine is done using CATIA
and AUTOCAD software.
Finally Results of simulation analysis and part drawings of each designed parts are discussed for
evaluating the suitability of the project. From the result it is expected that this pea Sheller
machine has better potential by strength, mass production and we hardly expected that it helps
the agro economy of Ethiopian farmers.
Key word: roller method, pea Sheller, design analysis
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Table of Contents pages

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... i
LISTS OF TABLE ....................................................................................................................................... vi
LISTS OF FIGURE .......................................................................................................................................... vii
LISTS OF SYMBOL ................................................................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.3.2 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Methodology of the Thesis ................................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Organization of the Paper ................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Methods of Pea Shelling Existing Previously ..................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Roller method patents .................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.2 Tumbler Method Patents .............................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................................... 9
3 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PEA SHELLER COMPONENTS ......................................................... 9
3.1 Concept Generation ............................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 Selection of Material for Pea Sheller Machine Components ............................................................ 10
3.2.1 Gear Material ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.2.2 Roller Material ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.3 Belt Material .............................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.4 Pulley Material ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.5 Material Selection for Key ......................................................................................................... 12
3.2.6 Material selection for slat plate or edge plate ............................................................................ 12
3.3 Geometry Analysis of Pea Sheller Machine Components ................................................................ 12
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3.3.1 Geometric analysis of conveyor chain. ...................................................................................... 12
3.3.2 Geometric Analysis of Gear ....................................................................................................... 16
3.3.3 Geometry of Pulley .................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.4 Housing (Structural) Geometry Analysis ................................................................................... 20
3.3 Force and Stress Analysis of Pea Sheller Machine Components ...................................................... 20
3.3.1 Force Analysis and Stress Analysis of Gear .............................................................................. 20
3.4.2 Belt Design Analysis .................................................................................................................. 27
3.4.3 Pulley Design Analysis .............................................................................................................. 31
3.4.4 Roller Design Analysis .............................................................................................................. 33
3.4.5 Key and Key Way Design .......................................................................................................... 36
3.4.6 Bearing design ........................................................................................................................... 39
3.4.7 Bolt Design ................................................................................................................................ 41
3.4.8 Chain Conveyor Selection ......................................................................................................... 42
3.4.8 Housing (stand) Design .............................................................................................................. 44
3.4.9 Welding analysis ........................................................................................................................ 46
3.4.10 selection of wheel..................................................................................................................... 47
3.5 Results and Discussions .................................................................................................................... 48
3.6 Working Principle ......................................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................................... 50
4. MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................... 50
4.1. The Spur Gear Manufacturing Process ............................................................................................ 50
4.2 Manufacturing Process of Roller Part ............................................................................................... 52
4.3 Manufacturing Process of Feeder Shaft ............................................................................................ 53
4.4 Manufacturing Process of Housing and plate on the feeder ............................................................. 53
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................................ 54
5. COST ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................................. 54
5.1 material cost ...................................................................................................................................... 54
5.2 Machine Cost .................................................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................................................... 56
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................... 56
6.1 Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 56
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6.2 Future work ....................................................................................................................................... 56
6.3 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 56
Part Drawing ............................................................................................................................................... 57
Assembly Drawing...................................................................................................................................... 65
REFERENCE.............................................................................................................................................. 68
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LISTS OF TABLE
Table 3. 1 standard dimension of conveyor chain [11] ................................................................. 14
Table 3. 2 standard dimensions of conveyor sprocket [11] .......................................................... 15
Table 3. 3 the minimum number of teeth on the pinion in order to avoid interference ................ 16
Table 3. 4 diameter and thickness of flat-belt[2] .......................................................................... 20
Table 3. 5 values service factor. [2] .............................................................................................. 21
Table 3. 6 endurance limits [2] ..................................................................................................... 23
Table 3. 7 values of surface endurance limit. [2] .......................................................................... 25
Table 3. 8 the approximate value of shaft [6 ] .............................................................................. 27
table 3. 9 specification of cotton belt [6] ..................................................................................... 28
Table 3. 10 pulley width and tolerance [2] ................................................................................... 28
Table 3.11 classification of belt drive [6] ..................................................................................... 29
Table 3.12 coefficient of friction for belt material [2] .................................................................. 29
Table 3.13 density of belt material [5] .......................................................................................... 30
Table 3.14 Proportional of standard parallel, taper and gib head keys [5] ................................... 38
Table 3. 15 principal dimension of radial ball bearing [2] .......................................................... 40
Table 3.16 bolt and nut size [5] .................................................................................................... 41
Table 3.17 selection of standard caster wheel [15] ....................................................................... 47
Table 4.1 manufacturing process of gear ...................................................................................... 51
Table 4 .2 Roller manufacturing process ...................................................................................... 52
Table 4.3 manufacturing process .................................................................................................. 53
Table 5 1 cost analysis .................................................................................................................. 55
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LISTS OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 the first pea sheller machine[3] ..................................................................................... 3
Figure 2.2 Pea Sheller [3] ............................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2.3 Electric Mr.Pea Sheller [3] ............................................................................................ 5
Figure 2.4 roller methods [1] .......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.5 roller methods[1] ........................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.6 roller methods [1] ......................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.7 Tumbler Front View[1] ................................................................................................. 7
Figure 2.8 Tumbler Side View[1] ................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3.1 dimensions of conveyor chain [11] ............................................................................. 13
Figure 3.2 geometry of conveyor sprocket [11]............................................................................ 14
Figure 3.3 conveyors with its conveyed material [11] .................................................................. 15
Figure 3,4 gear nomenclature [2] .................................................................................................. 17
Figure 3.5 belt geometry[2] .......................................................................................................... 19
Figure 3.6 spur gear [5] ................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 3. 7 gear force [4] .............................................................................................................. 22
Figure 3 .8 belt forces [4] .............................................................................................................. 34
Figure 3.9 load on gear [5] ............................................................................................................ 35
Figure 3.10 sunk key [2] ............................................................................................................... 37
Figure 3.11 ball bearing [5] .......................................................................................................... 39
Figure 3.12 bolt [4] ....................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 3.13 the bending moment and shear force on the support. ................................................ 44
Figure 3.14 hear force and bending moment diagram .................................................................. 46
Figure 3. 15 welding [2]................................................................................................................ 47
Figure 6.1 roller shaft .................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 6.2 feeder shaft .................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 6.3 spur gear ...................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 6.4 pulley with diameter of 100mm .................................................................................. 60
Figure 6.5 pulley with diameter 0f 150mm .................................................................................. 61
Figure 6.6 pulley with diameter of 200 ......................................................................................... 62
Figure 6 .7 roller ........................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 6.8 edge plate on the conveyor .......................................................................................... 64
Figure 6 .9 Assembly Drawing ..................................................................................................... 65
Figure 6 .10 final assembly drawing ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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LISTS OF SYMBOL
Tg1=number of tooth on gear 1
Tg2=number of tooth on gear 2
Pc=circular pitch
Pd=diameter of pitch
M=module
Pb=base pitch
a=addendum
b=addendum
ht=whole height
C=clearance
Dog=outside diameter of gear
Wh=working depth
t=tooth thickness
r=fillet radius at root
Cv=velocity factor
Wt=load transmitted
Wn=normal load on tooth
=allowable static stress
Wr=radial load
σw=permissible working stress
σa=allowable working stress
Cs=service factor
Ws=static load endurance strength of tooth
=pressure angle
Eg1=young’s modulus for the material of gear 1
Eg2=young’s modulus for the material of gear 2
WT=tangential load
T=twisting moment on the shaft
Te= equivalent twisting moment
Tc=centrifugal tension
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Tt=total tension
V=speed of belt for max
σmax=maximum stress in belt
F.s=factor of safety
T= torque
L=hub length
D1=diameter of hub
M=maximum bending momentum
Z=module section
V1=driven pulley
V2=driving pulley
Df=diameter of feeder
Dp=diameter of pulley
=coefficient of friction
Fv=vertical force
C=the center distance of the pulley
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CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
Among vegetables, green peas occupy important place. Peas are very popular among other
similar crops due to its high nutrition value and good taste. Fresh peas are rich source of protein,
amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamin A and C, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Shelling peas from
their pod is time and energy consuming. To solve this problem different mechanisms are tried by
different peoples. Pea Sheller machine is a machine which used to shell the peas from their pods
by passing them through two rotary rollers. The Pea Sheller machine has been started producing
or manufacturing from Europe country in 2009 G.C like America, Canada, New Lanark,
Scotland and etc. But it is not still imported or manufactured in Ethiopia. Due to this reason as
graduated mechanical engineering students we have identified this problem and tried to solve
and design the machine. [3]
1.1 BACKGROUND
In fact 80% of Ethiopian people are living in rural area and most of them are farmers. Those
rural area peoples are interested to produce more peas. So producing and designing the machine
which can shell peas helps farmers to solve their problem and helps them to supply their quality
product for market. This design structure shell clean, with no damage, high output, and solve
labor problem. The roller part is made of SUS304 stainless steel which has no effect on the
quality of pea. The material is recommended by hygienic standard. The project is introducing
new technology for Ethiopian farmers. In Agricultural mechanization played a significant
economic role by increasing agriculture production and reducing cost of cultivation.
Mechanization implies the use of agricultural machinery in performing the farm operations with
a high speed and good efficiently, to improve the productivity of pea crop products.[3]
1.2 Statement of the Problem

In Ethiopia almost all farmers are used traditional way of Shelling pea. As the result they face
different problems such as; increased losing of time, requires large numbers of people and also
reducing the quality of product. The Europe and America pea Sheller agricultural machines have
some problems .This problem rise due to different ways. Some of these are like; the wet pea
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product can crushed by the roller, feeding mechanisms also difficult, manually operated, the
machine shells only picked peas.[3]
1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General Objective
The general objective of this project is designing and manufacturing of modernized pea Sheller
machine for agro economy purpose.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
Design of pea Sheller machine and each of its components
Modeling and analysis of the machine
To shell higher quantity of pea at a time
To reduce number of workers
1.4 Methodology of the Thesis

To fulfill the objectives of the study the following were done:
Literature Review; Survey of books, journal articles, and other relevant literature dealing with
the subject matter
Data collection and data analysis; Data regarding the properties and size of peas, materials
used for shelling, motor specification, table values, and other data used in this thesis were
obtained from books, Hand books and internet sources.
Modeling and Analysis; 3D CAD model has been developed using CATIA soft ware.
1.5 Organization of the Paper
This paper has six chapters. The first chapter includes background of the project, statement of the
problem, objectives, and methodologies. The second chapter deals about only literature review as it is the
base for this paper. The third chapter is the main body which consists of material selection, geometry, and
stress analysis of the design. Fourth chapter includes manufacturing process. Fifth chapter includes
machine and material cost and the final chapter contains conclusion and recommendation.

CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
John Alexander Chisholm (1859-1903) was a Canadian inventor and businessman who
developed the Chisholm-Scott Pea Viner, an agricultural machine for shelling peas, and sold
these machines throughout Canada and the United States through the Chisholm-Scott
Company.
John and his brother Charlie invented the first pea harvesting machine that could shell peas
through impact. In 1890 their invention passed field tests in New York State and they brothers
soon formed a partnership with Robert P. Scott as the Chisholm-Scott Company. These pea
viners had a series of paddles which struck the pea pods, compressing the air inside which split
the pods open and released the peas onto a conveyor belt.[3]
The pea-viners were sold both in Canada and the United States and the company found a large
market for their product. The Chisholm-Scott Pea Viner was praised by the Pennsylvania
Department of Agriculture for its efficiency and ability to greatly simplify the task of shelling
peas. A report on the state's canning industry by George C. Butz wrote that “The pea canning
business has been greatly modified in recent years by the invention of some remarkable
machinery, particularly the Chisholm-Scott Pea Viner. Formerly a great army of pickers was
necessary in pea canning section to pick the peas from the vines in the fields. Another army of
hands was necessary to hull the green peas and so throughout the whole series of operations of
canning peas the labor was excessive, tedious and expensive.
Figure2.1the first pea sheller machine[3]

Pea Sheller Jr.;- The Pea Sheller Jr (Mr. Pea Sheller) was created by L. H. Powell of Dallas, TX
for Lee Mfg Co in 1973. This pea Sheller comes with a hand-crank, but also runs with your
electric hand mixer or your own lightweight electric drill for even faster production. Saves time
and labor with fantastic results. No mashing or squeezing when peas are ripe as for hand
shelling. When pods can be stripped out of the pods using only your fingers, this machine will
save you lots of time and labor!
No adjustments to make, means the machine imported as fully assembled. Just feed the pods into
the Sheller’s upper slot and they zip right through onto your table or into your box below it. The
shelled peas roll down the trough into your pan beneath.[3]
Figure 2.2Pea Sheller [3]

Electric Mr. Pea Sheller;-This is the base model for electric pea Sheller machines. The Electric
Mr. Pea Sheller is great for medium to larger gardens, or for those who just want a quicker way
to shell peas. The Electric Mr. Pea Sheller machine is very compact. Comparatively small
Electric Mr. Pea Sheller can do nearly as much as a Taylor Pea Sheller. Well, only because you
can run only so many peas through by hand at a time. The Electric Mr. Pea Sheller machine
comes fully assembled.

Figure 2.3 Electric Mr.Pea Sheller [3]

Although the above machines are faster than manually pea shelling process, it is not giving the
sufficient and required purpose for the society especially for the farmers. This machine shells
only picked parts, feeding system used is sliding by hand, even the machine is imported it is fully
assembled results in high cost for its maintenance, and etc.
2.1 Methods of Pea Shelling Existing Previously
The patent search (previous invention) performed by the group resulted in a large variety of
concepts that have been previously designed. The patented concepts varied in scale and method.
Their design concept includes; the machine which is manually operated, with one roller system,
top load feeding system (feeding by hand). Their designed machine processes only picked peas.
There were two methods used;
2.1.1 Roller method patents
The first group of patents shown uses the “roller method” for de-shelling peas. In general,
patents for this method were the oldest. Also, these patented concepts are for a small scale
operation.
Figure 2.4 roller methods [1]

The concept shown above is from 1864. It uses a hand crank to drive the main two rollers. The
gap between the two rollers can be easily adjusted with a screw mechanism at the top of the
machine. The peas are separated from their pods after they move through the rollers. This
method of separation is different from most of the other roller method designs. The most typical
method of separation is to have the peas stay on the feed side of the rollers while the pods move
to the other side. An additional patent is shown below in Figure 2.5[1]
Figure2.5 roller methods [1]

Two sets of rollers are used to shell the peas. When the peas go through the first set of rollers,
they are sliced open by the bottom roller. The top roller has ridges on it to help pull the peas
through. This process is shown in figure. The next set of rollers is placed close together so that
the pods get pulled through the rollers.
Figure2.6 roller methods [1]

Although the above machine is better than other types, we have observed different mechanism,
complexity, simplicity, material consumption and also we observing the system cannot meet our

society’srequirements as it is laborious, high cost and not sufficiently imported. also . So by
observing the above thing we can analysis our project to meet our society need. The roller
mechanism is working by this mechanism by eliminating the first roller part changing by the
feeding system it can be reducing our material consumption. To holding the peas the roller part
can be rough surface. The number of roller in this project is single so the design and the
construction are simple and easy to use so we selecting our idea to better design improvement.
Roller method for shelling peas is different kind for in case of this project we considering our
society, we must select appropriate way of roller mechanism. The mechanisms are: single roller
mechanism, Double Roller Mechanism, Pre-slicing” method and Sheller with Studded Rollers.
Hence single roller mechanism is selected, It uses a hand crank to drive the main two
rollers. The conveyor is driven by a pulley system. The gap between the two rollers can be
easily adjusted with a screw mechanism at the top of the machine. The peas are
separated from their pods after they move through the rollers. This method of separation
is different from most of the other roller method designs. The most typical method of separation
is to have the peas stay on the feed side of the rollers while the pods move to the other side.
2.1.2 Tumbler Method Patents

The next group of patents shown is for “tumbler” style shelling mechanisms. These types of
machines consist of spinning arms inside of a cylinder that break the peas out of their pods.
Tumbler style machines can typically handle a much higher load capacity than that of the roller
method machines.
Figure2.7Tumbler Front View[1]

Figure2.8Tumbler Side View[1]

This machine, as well as most tumbler method machines, uses a screen with properly sized holes
for shelled peas to fall through which leaves the pod remnants inside the chamber.
Even though this method of pea shelling is usedto shell pea from its pod, it’s very large,
laborious and also its maintenance cost is high due to its complexity. Not only this but also the
machine is not actually imported.

CHAPTER THREE
3METHODS, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PEA SHELLER MACHINE
COMPONENTS
3.1 Concept Generation
Initial concept generation started with each individual researching existing machines and
methods for shelling peas. This yielded two basic methods for shelling and separating peas. The
first method found was what will be called the “roller method” in which the peas are forced
through two rollers which squeezes the peas out of their pods almost like a toothpaste tube. The
second method that was found will be called the “tumbler method” in which peas are placed in a
rotating drum with a spinning shaft featuring fingers in the middle that will hit the pods and
cause them to break open.
To further develop new ideas and variations, each team member was asked to come up with as
many full systems as they could for each removal method. This was a key step in allowing the
team to have a very interactive and successful brainstorming session. In the team brainstorm all
of the complete systems were analyzed and broken down into subsystems where appropriate.
This break down into subsystems allowed the team to look at a system as a whole and with
interchangeable subsystems which generated many new ideas, combinations, and variations.
When deciding how to power the machine, it was determined that the two most feasible methods
were human powered and electric. Either method would utilize a single belt driven system to turn
the moving parts of the machine. An electric motor was chosen for two reasons. The first reason
to use an electric motor is because our goal for the amount of people required to run the
machines would ideally be one person. If this singular person has to pedal a bike, he or she is no
longer able to do other processes which would be required during operation. The second reason
is the speeds required for operation would be high.
When we are generalizing the above concept generalization to select the most important way for
our design in order to satisfy and solve our society problems of pea shelling, the first method
which is roller method was selected due to its dual properties of using driving system. This
means it can be driven either by manually or electrically. Why because in case of second concept
generalization the amount of pea pods feed to the system is too large, in this case manually
operating is too laborious and also the maintenance is complex.

In this roller method we are going to improve and design the conveyor method of feeding as it is
used to feed the pea pods at the same time while rotating the roller shaft and also improve and
design single roller system of rolling mechanism as it reduces the material consumption.
3.2 Selection of Material for Pea Sheller Machine Components

The selection of a proper material, for pea Sheller machine, is one of the most difficult problems
for the designer. The best material is one which serves the desired objective at minimum cost.
The following factor should be considering while selection of material, Availability of a proper
material, Suitability of the material for which for the working conditions in the service, and the
cost of the materials.
The important properties, which determine the utility of the material, are physical property,
chemical properties, and mechanical properties.
Physical properties of materials;
The physical properties of materials include luster, color, size, and shape, density, electrical and
thermal conductivity, and melting point.
Mechanical property of materials;
The mechanical properties of the metals are those which are associated with the ability of the
material to resist mechanical forces or loads. The mechanical properties of material includes;
strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, malleability, toughness, resilience, creep and
hardiness.
3.2.1 Gear Material

The material caused for the manufacturing of gears depends up on the strength and service
conditions like wear, noise etc. the gears may be manufactured from metallic or non-metallic
materials. The metallic gears with cut teeth are commercially obtainable in cast iron, steel and
bronze. The non-metallic materials like wood, rawhide, compressed paper and synthetic resins
like nylons are used for gears, especially for reducing noise.
The cast iron is widely used for the manufacturing of gears due to its good wearing properties,
excellent machine-ability and ease of producing complicated shapes casting method. The cast
iron gears with cut teeth may employ, were smooth action is not important. The alloy cast iron
has special properties like increased strength, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance or heat

resistance. The alloy cast irons are extensively used forgears, automobile parts like cylinders,
pistons, piston rings, crank cases, crankshafts, camshafts, sprockets, wheels, pulleys, brake
drums and shoes, parts of crushing and grinding machinery etc. Due to those properties we are
interested to select the cast iron.[2]
3.2.2 Roller Material

Selection of the appropriate material is an important consideration in engineering design; that is,
for some application, choosing a material having a desirable or optimum property or combination
of properties. Selection of the proper material can reduce costs and improve performance.
Elements of this materials selection process involve deciding on the constraints of the problem
and, from these, establishing criteria that can be used in materials selection to maximize
performance. The component or structural element we have chosen to discuss is a solid
cylindrical shaft that is subjected to a torsion stress. Strength of the shaft will be considered in
detail, and criteria will be developed for maximizing strength with respect to both minimum
material mass and minimum cost. So to fulfill our requirement we selecting cast iron for this
project by considering cost efficiency quality life time and etc.[2]
3.2.3 Belt Material

Belt materials are different kinds like leather belt, rubber belt, cotton belt, and balata belt. From
those types cotton type belt is good for any application area and use, so it is selected for our
design. Most of fabric belts are made of folding canvass or cotton duck to three or more layers
(depending upon the thickness desired) and stitching together. These belts are woven also into a
strip width and thickness. They are impregnated with some filler like linseed oil in order to make
the belt water proof and to prevent injury to the fibers. The cotton belts are cheaper and suitable
in warm climates, in damp atmospheres and in exposed positions. Since the cotton belts required
little attention, therefore these belts are mostly used in farm machinery.[2]
3.2.4 Pulley Material

Most of the time pulley material is cast iron and cast steel is also another type. According to the
principle of design we select cast steel pulley material. Steel pulleys are made from pressed steel
sheets and have great strength and durability. These pulleys are lighter in weight (about 40 to
60% less) than cast iron pulleys of the same capacity and are designed to run at high speeds.

They present a coefficient of friction with leather belting which is at least equal to that obtained
by cast iron pulleys. This material has low cost and has high life time.[2]
3.2.5 Material Selection for Key

Because key and slat plate are loaded in shear, ductile material is used. Mild steel is most
common choose unless a corrosive environmental required a brass or stainless steel key used.
Square or rectangular key often made from cold roller bar stock and merely cut to length. The
spatial stock is used when closer fit is required between key and keyway.
3.2.6 Material selection for slat plate or edge plate

Slat plate is one part of our machine which is used to carry all the peas and its pods on the
conveyor. During this selection we have to consider the quality of the product. Having this
concept we are interested to select the material that can resist the corrosion. The material that can
do this is stainless steel. It is defined as that steel which when correctly heat treated and finished,
resists oxidation and corrosive attack from most corrosive media.
3.3 Geometry Analysis of Pea Sheller Machine Components

To do geometric analysis we have some given and assumed specifications as follows;
a. The size of the peas; the green variety grown in Ethiopia region has light green seed coat
and a dark green cotyledon (inside seed). Whole green peas average 7.5 to 8.5mm in
diameter and weight 18-19 grams per 100 seeds.[10]
b. The amount of peas with its pods to be conveyed at once; as we know the machine
shells only dry pea from its pods, the weight applied at once on the machine is assumed
to be less. The assumed maximum load is 25 Kg because conveying large amount at once
may not allow the machine to work effectively.
c. Housing or stand;-The length, height and width of the machines are 1500mm, 1100mm
and 800mm respectively.
3.3.1 Geometric analysis of conveyor chain.

Depending on total weight to be conveyed we can select the standard conveyor chain from the as
shown below. The total weight of pea and its pod to be conveyed is 25Kg*10m/s2=250N and
also considering some weight of the slat plate. So that, all the dimensions of conveyor chain can

be selected from the standard chain catalogue depending on the breaking load that must be
greater than the applied load.
Figure3.1dimensions of conveyor chain [11]

Table3. 1 standard dimension of conveyor chain [11]
From the table the breaking load for the solid bearing pin and its dimensions are given. Since in
our design no more loaded material is transported, so we have to select the minimum of the given
breaking load which is 13000N. On the row of this load all the dimensions are given.
Again depending on the value of inside width outer we are going to select conveyor sprocket
which will limit the maximum diameter of the gear during its geometry as shown on the
following figure 3.2 and table 3.2.
Figure3.2 geometry of conveyor sprocket [11]

Table 3. 2standard dimensions of conveyor sprocket [11]
Figure3.3 conveyors with its conveyed material [11]

The length of the conveyor, L is the same as the length of housing minus some edge clearance,
i.e. L=1500-200=1300mm and the diameter D of it is the top diameter of the sprocket plus height
of the plate
D=C-(H2-H1/2) =109-(16-18/2) =102mm (from table 1 and 2).
The pea seed must be fall down through gap designed with the size of the pea (which is 8.5mm-
10mm). When to find the number of the plate, dived the total length of the conveyor by the size
of gap,
Number of plate=1300/(2*9) =144/2=72. From this thickness Lr=600mm, w=18mm and t=9mm.
where Lr is the length of slat plate, t=thickness, w=width
The total mass of the plate (mp)=density*volume=7850Kg/m3*0.6m*0.18m*0.09m=76Kg and
weight of chain is 0.9Kg.
Therefore the total weight applied on the sprocket (Wt) =the sum of weight of conveyed
material, plate and chain= [25Kg+76Kg+0.9Kg]*10m/s2=910N.This implies the above selection
is correct.

3.3.2 Geometric Analysis of Gear
Before giving the dimensions of gear we have to consider the above given specifications and the
values from the table. This means in order to get diameter of gear we have to know the distance
between the feeder shaft and the roller shaft (Dfr).
The distance between them (Dfr)=size of pea + size of pod + the difference between half of the
diameter of sprocket diameter and half of maximum bore diameter (C/2-Dmax/2) + height of the
pate (H2-H1/2)
Therefore ( ) ( )
This is the distance between the feeder shaft and roller shaft. So that when two gears mesh the
only gap remaining will be the sum of the size of pea with its pods and height of the plate, i.e. the
gap=8.5+6+9=23.5mm.
Half of the remaining portion is the same as half the gear, which is D/2=(78.6-23.5)/2=27.5.
Therefore the diameter of the gear is 78.6-23.5=55.1mm, say 55mm. considering this the sum
of the diameter of roller and the upper part rubber should be equal to 55mm, then only the
remaining gap will be the passage of pea and its pods.
The velocity ratio of the two gears is:
………………………………………..…………………..….....…..3.1
where dg1=diameter of gear1 and dg2=diameter 0f gear2. And =18/18=1:1
where Tg1=number of tooth on gear1 and Tg2=number of tooth on gear2,(from table3).

Table3. 3 the minimum number of teeth on the pinion in order to avoid interference
Select 200 full depth involutes and corresponding value is 18 minimum number of the gear2 teeth.
Standard gear teeth standard, full depth gear teeth have equal addendum on gear2 and gear1,
with the addendum being slightly larger for clearance. The standard tooth diameter is defined in
terms of diametric pitch.

Figure3,4 gear nomenclature [2]

Below all the dimensions of the gear are calculated using its own formula;
………………………………..………..….3.2
⁄ ……………………………………..…3.3
⁄
……………..…………………….…3.4
………………………………………………………3.5
……………………………………………...…….....3.6
………………………………...…….3.7
…………………………………..3.8
Face width approximately function of diametric pitch takes recommended value between
…………………………………………………………………3.9

3.3.3 Geometry of Pulley
The belt or ropes are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of pulley which
rotates at the same speed or at different speeds. The amount of power transmitted depends upon
the following factors: the velocity of belt, the tension under which the belt is placed on the
pulleys, the arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley and the conditions under
which the belt is used.
Selection of belt drive; Following are the various importance factors upon which the selection
of a belt drive depending; Speed of the driving and driven shafts, Power to be transmitted
Positive drive requirements, Space available, Speed reduction ratio, Center distance between the
shaft, and Shaft layout, and Service conditions.
From the type of belt we are selecting flat belt type according to our specification and
requirement. This means we wanted to transmit moderate amount of power from one pulley to
another. [2]
Initially some data are given below;
The center distance, C of the belt can be obtained depending on the height of the machine. The
height of the machine is 1100mm. From the upper part 200mm is will be used to fix roller and to
contain conveyor with conveyed material and lower part 100mm will be used for the stand or
leg.
Therefore the center distance, C=1100-200-100=800mm
Until to check the design safety let us assume the diameter of roller pulley D=200mm and the
motor pulley d=150mm
NB;the assumption of the diameter of pulley is checked by; center distance should be greater
than 3.5 times larger diameter of the pulley. And sin-1(D-d)/2C should be very small.
C > 3.5*200 this is must

Figure3.5 belt geometry[2]

To find the length of belt first find;
( ) ( ) ……....…..……..……..3.10
( ) ( ) ……………;;….……..3.11
The total length of the belt,
√ …………………………………………..………3.12
L
In order to obtain good in results with flat belt, the maximum distance between the shafts should
not exceed 10 meters and the minimum should not less than 3.5 times the diameter of the larger
pulley.
3.5D < C for good design, so that
3.5*200=700<800 this is safe. And also the angle sin-1[(200-150)/2*800] = (180-176)/2=20
Depending on the diameter of the larger pulley (D=200mm) we can find the thickness of the belt
from table 4 below.
t=8.5mm. the width of the belt (b) for single type of belt is 50mm from table3.9. So that the
width of pulley (B) =1.25b=1.25*50=63mm

Table3. 4 diameter and thickness of flat-belt[2]
3.3.4 Housing (Structural) Geometry Analysis

The dimension of the machine is depending on the designer want the length of the housing
depending on the size of the feeder. The feeder length is given by the amount of load transported
for the roller. The height of the machine is depending on the height of human and the width of
the machine is given by considering the motor place, the roller place, the distance between motor
and roller. Let us assume the dimensions of housing by considering the height of human, length
of motor, length of feeder and length of conveyor belt.
1. Height of housing=1100mm depending on the human height
2. Length of the housing =1500mm considering material consumption
3. Width of the housing =800mm considering the length of roller
3.3 Force and Stress Analysis of Pea Sheller Machine Components
3.3.1 Force Analysis and Stress Analysis of Gear

In the design of a gear drive, the following data is usually given, the power to be transmitted, the
speed of the driving gear and the speed of driven gear or the velocity ratio.
The following requirement must be met in the design of a gear drive, The gear teeth should have
sufficient strength so that they will not fail under static loading or dynamic loading during

normal running conditions, the gear teeth should have wear characteristic so that their life is
satisfactory, the use of space material should be economical, the alignment of the gear and
deflections of the shafts must be considered because they effect on the performance of the gears,
and the lubrication of the gears must be satisfactory.
Figure3.6spur gear [5]

For ordinary cutting gear operation velocity is up to 12m/s
Velocity factor, CV, ………………………………………3.13
Table3. 5 values service factor. [2]

Types of load Types of service
Intermittent or 3 hours 8-10 hours per day Continuous 24 hours
per day per day
Steady 0.8 1.00 1.25
Light shock 1.00 1.25 1.54
Medium shock 1.25 1.54 1.80
Heavy shock 1.54 1.80 2.00
Select the service factor 8-10 hours per day is light shocks

Figure3. 7gear force [4]

For gear select cast iron, high grade material with allowable static stress and
permissible working allowable stress depend on material of allowable working stress Allowable
static stress is at elastic limit of material. The allowable static stress for high grade cast iron is
For 200full depth involute teeth for factor of teeth is given by
The Lewis equation

……………………………………………………………………..3.14
For service factor Cs=1.25

……………………………………………..3.15
Radial load on bearing due to power transmission,Wr
Load transmitted,
Where P=power that can be transmitted to shaft.

Checking the gears for dynamic and wear load of tooth.

The dynamic load (wd) due to in accurate tooth space, irregular of tooth profile, deflection of
tooth under load
Based on extensive series
Wi =increment load, it depends on pitch line velocity
[ (√ )]
……………………………………………………………………3.16
[ (√ )]
Tooth from factor for gear Yg =0.1033
Table3. 6 endurance limits [2]
Take endurance limit ( e) of cast iron=120N/mm2

Static load endurance strength of tooth, (Ws)
Ws= e*b* *m*Yg=120*50* *3*0.1033=10.695KN

Buckingham suggest that, for satisfy again tooth breakage, static tooth load should greater
than the dynamic load Wd. (i.e.10.695KN 6.943KN). Therefore the design is safe.
The maximum load that gear tooth can carry, without wear, depending upon the radials of
curvature of tooth profile and on elasticity and surface fatigue limit of the material. The bucking
hum equation
Ww=Dg*b*Q*k Were K=load stress factor
Q= (Vr*2)/ (Vr+1)=(1*2)/(1+1)=1
The load stress factor depends upon the maximum fatigue limit of compressive stress, the
pressure angle and the modulus of elasticity of the materials of the gears. According to
Buckingham, the load stress factor is given by the following relation:
* + …………………………………………………………………..3.17
Where = Surface endurance limit in MPa or N/mm2,

= Pressure angle,
Eg1 = Young's modulus for the material of the gear1 in N/mm2,( Eg1=206Gpa) and
Eg2 = Young's modulus for the material of the gear2 in N/mm2. (Eg2=206Gpa)
Depending on the value of endurance limit we are going to discuss the safety of the design of
gear. It is used calculate the value of maximum wearing load .
After doing the above calculation, maximum wearing load .must be greater than the
dynamic load.
If the above statement is satisfied then the design is considered as safe.
In order to find the diameter of shaft for spur gears First of all, find the normal load (WN),
between the tooth surfaces.
The following table shows surface endurance limit.

Table3. 7 values of surface endurance limit. [2]
es=910N/mm2 for gray cast iron

K=[(9102* *)/1.4]/[1/206+1/206]=2994
Ww=37*2*1*2994 =9.78KN
The must be greater than the dynamic load (i.e.9.78 6.943KN) therefore again the design is
safe.
Diameter of Shaft for Spur Gears
In order to find the diameter of shaft for spur gears First of all, find the normal load (WN),
between the tooth surfaces.
It is given by WN = WT / cos where WT = Tangential load and =Pressure angle.
WN=5887.7/COS20=6265N
A thrust parallel and equal to will act at the gear centre the weight of the gear is given by
WG = 0.001 18 TG.b.m2 (in N) [2]

WG=0.00118*18*25*32=13.5936N where TG = No. of teeth on the gear, b =Face width in mm,
and m= Module in mm
Resultant load acting on the gear is given by
(√ )
WR= (√62652+13.59362+2*6265*13.5936*COS20) =8613.49N=8.613KN

If the gear is overhung on the shaft, then bending moment on the shaft due to the resultant load,
M = WR × x where x = Overhang i.e. the distance between the centre of gear and the centre of
bearing.
M=8613*30=258390N-mm
Twisting moment on the shaft T=Wt*Dg/2=5887.7*55/2=229267.5N-mm
Equivalent twisting moment Te= √(M2+T2) =√2583902+2292672=487876N-mm
Material Used for Shafts
The material used for shafts should have the following properties:
1. It should have high strength.
2. It should have good machine ability.
3. It should have low notch sensitivity factor.
4. It should have good heat treatment properties.
5. It should have high wear resistant properties.
The material used for ordinary shafts is carbon steel of grades 40 C 8, 45 C 8, 50 C 4 and 50 C
12. As our design does not require mach more power to transmit, we select the carbon steel with
the lowest grade of its group(40 C 8 ) having Ultimate tensile strength of 560 - 670MPa , Yield
strength, 320MPa and shear stress of 42Mpa(for allowance of keyways [2]
Let; diameter of the shaft d
d3 ……………………………………………………………………………….3.18
487876= d3
d3=25934.3, d=29.6mm say 30mm

NB; depending on this shaft diameter we can select the power and speed required for our design
from standard.

Table3. 8 the approximate value of shaft [6 ]
Power in KW 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 3.75 6 7.5 ….. 135 150
Speed in rpm Shaft diameter in mm
60 45 55 60 65 65 75 80 …. 160 170
80 45 50 55 60 60 70 75 …. 150 155
100 40 50 55 60 70 75 85 …. 115 120
… … … … … …. …. … …. … …
400 30 35 40 45 45 50 55 … 110 110
500 30 35 40 40 45 50 55 …. 100 105
Considering the diameter of the shaft we can select the power and its speed from the above table
as follows;
Power=0.75KW=750W and speed=400rpm
3.4.2 Belt Design Analysis

Velocity ratio of belt drive; It is the ratio between the velocity of the driver and the follower or
driven, it may be expressed, mathematically, as discussed below:
Let d1=diameter of the driver, d2=diameter of the follower,
N1=speed of the driver in rpm N2=speed of the driven in rpm
Given data;
Power=750W,
N1=400rpm =speed of selected motord1=150mm =diameter of motor pulleyd2=200mm
=diameter of roller pulley
N2=? =speed of roller
Revolution of larger pulley per minute (N2) can be calculated by considering the belt thickness
and slip
, take the slip of cotton belt, s=2 ……………………………………3.19

table3. 9specification of cotton belt [6]
Type of belt Width of belt (mm) Tensile strength of belt in
N/mm2
Single 24.05
50 -71
double 24.05
Over 125
Splices (single and - 20.2
double)
Take the width of the belt=50mm

Table3. 10pulley width and tolerance [2]
Nominal belt tolerance Belt thickness (mm)
Pulley width(mm) width(mm) 5+0.5-0.00
25 X
32
40 32 Y
50 40 X
1.6
63 50 X
71 63 x
Where x- Preferred size y- Permissible size

Take belt thickness (t) =5.5mm
[ ]

Table3.11 classification of belt drive [6]
Type of belt drive Belt speed (m/s) Power transmitted (KW)
light Up to 12 7.5
medium 12 -24 7.5 -15
heavy above 24 Above 15
From the above table take velocity 12m/s due to type of belt drive.
Table3.12coefficient of friction for belt material [2]
Belt material Pulley material
Cast iron. Steel wood Leather face
dry Wet greasy
Leather 0.15 0.2 0.15 0.3 0.35
Cotton 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.25 0.27
Rubber 0.3 0.18 0.2 0.32 0.42
balata 0.32 0.2 0.2 0.35 0.4
From table take appropriate coefficient of friction from given material (cotton) = 0.22
Angle of contact ( ), and [14] sin-1[(200-150)/2*600] =2.40. The less contact

O
angle means high efficiency of the belt. or -1.26o
O
Positive for bigger pulley i.e. =
O
=180- =1720=172* =2.93rad/sec
For small motor pulley =180-(1.26)=177.4o177.4* 3.25rad/sec
Length of the belt Lo; Take the small angle of contact =2.9 rad/sec.
Tension on the belt; T1 and T2 can be calculated as follows;
P= (T1-T2) v where T1 for tight side and T2 for slack side v=speed of belt which should be less
than or equal to 12m/s [11]

750= (T1-T2)12 equation [2]
T1-T2=62.5N …………………………………………………………………………..…...3.20
2.3log T1/ T2=N =62.5*3.25rad/sec
T1/T2=1.82N …………..………..………………………………………..……………….3.21
T1=132.7N and T2=76.2 N
Table3.13density of belt material [5]
Material of belt Mass density in Kg/m3
Leather 1000
canvass 1220
rubber 1140
balata 1110
Single woven belt 1170
Double woven belt 1250
Centrifugal tension on belt, Tc

Tc=mv2 where m=A* *L=a*t*L* =0.05*0.0055*1.599*1170 =0.514Kg
Tc=0.0514*122=74N
Total tension 0n belt,Tt
Tt=T1+TC=132.5+74=206.5N
Speed of belt for maximum power V
√ √ =3.6m/s this is less than 12m/s
Maximum stress in the belt

max=T1/at+ v2=132.5/0.05*0.0055+1140*122=8.307MPa where =1140Kg/m3 for cotton
Check the belt speed by using safety factor (F.S)
F.S=belt material stress/material belt stress=24.05MPa/8.30MPa=2.825 which is acceptable.

3.4.3 Pulley Design Analysis
Thickness of pulley rim (t) = for single pulley [2], Where D is diameter of the
pulley =200mm. This t is in between 3 to 3.6mm so now taking the average value which is
3.3mm. Then the width of the pulley B, is given by B =1.25b=1.25*50=63.5 say 63mm
To find the diameter of shaft for pulley first find the value of
Torque, T=60P/2 N=60*750/2*400* =62.32Nm.
Depending on this value we select the cast iron with the following properties; since the cast iron
is a brittle material; therefore, it cannot be used in those parts of machines which are subjected to
shocks. The properties of cast iron which make it a valuable material for engineering purposes
are its low cost, good casting characteristics, high compressive strength, wear resistance and
excellent machinability. The compressive strength of cast iron is much greater than the tensile
strength. Following are the values of ultimate strength of cast iron: Tensile strength = 100 to
200MPa, Compressive strength = 400 to 1000MPa Shear strength = 120MPa [2]
Take maximum shear stress not to exceed 120MPa
Shaft diameter for roller, dr
62.32N *1000 mm=120*3.14*dr3/16; dr=30 mm, we have to take the diameter above 30 mm so
our shaft diameter dr= 35mm for more safety.
The hub length L=d* /2= *35/2==62.8 say 63mm
Dimension of arm; - Number of arm may be taken as 4 for pulley diameter 200mm to 600mm.[2]
Maximum bending momentum on arm at hub fixed and at rim is free.
M=2T/n=2*63/4=31.31mm4 and
2
module section Z= ……………………………………………………………..3.22
=0.3926b3 z= b=M/Z, the tensile stress of cast iron is 200MPa and density of it is 1700Kg/m3
200=31.31/0.3926b3, b=7.3mm and a=2b=2*7.3=14.6mm
Mass of pulley=mass of rim +mass of hub=[(4/3)*1700* *7*14.6]+[ ]
=5.26Kg
We know that the peripheral velocity of the belt on the driven pulley,V1
V1= d1N1/60=2.18m/sAnd peripheral velocity of the belt on the driving pulley,V2
V2= d2N2/60=3.582m/s

Roller pulley design and feeder pulley design
Let Nf=speed of feeder puulley=?
Nr=speed of roller=208rpm… calculated above
Df=diameter of feeder pulley=100mm…assumed
Dr=diameter of power transmitting pulley from the roller shaft=100mm
C2=center distance between two pulleys=length of machine -200-2*half diameter of two
pulleys=1500-200-2*50=1200mm
3.5*larger diameter must be less than the center distance between two pulleys. i.e. 3.5*100<1200
Using velocity ratio analysis
* + ………………………………………………………………..3.23
Velocity of flat belt drive from table v=12m/s

Belt width from table W=40mm
Coefficient of friction ἠ = 0.22
Pulley width from table =50mm
Crown height from table =0.5mm
Belt thickness (t) from table 5.5mm
Maximum stress in the belt max=T1/wt +t/D+ =[76.2/(0.04*0.0055+
0.0055)/200]+1140*122=146.3N/mm2 where D=diameter of larger pulley. Hence the maximum
stress acting on the belt is less than both tensile and compressive strength of the material. This
implies the design is safe.
Power transmitted where; kj is correction factor of
joint=0.9 ,ks is correction factor of service=1 [13]

Mass of the roller pulley and feeder pulley
Take density of cast iron. 1170Kg/m³
…………………………………………………………………………………3.24
Where w=1.25b =1.25*50=63mm, which is the width of
pulley.The total mass of roller pulley= mass of circular part +mass of rim

=1700*0.00565+0.25=0.91Kg
the mass of feeder pulley is equal to the pulley of the roller=0.91Kg, so 2*0.91=1.82Kg
3.4.4 Roller Design Analysis

In this design roller is a solid rotating member which has circular cross-section and is used to
separate pea from its pods by means of transmitted power through shaft attached at both ends.
The shaft connected to the roller is supported on bearing and it rotates a set of gears or pulleys
for the purpose of power transmission. The roller is generally acted up on by bending moments,
torsion and axial forces.
Material selection: during the selection of material for roller considering the rust of material will
reduce the quality of the product and also consider no much more power is required for the pea
to be escaped from its pod as it is all parts dried. Hence stainless steel with low strength will be
selected for the shaft and rubber is selected for the upper part which hits the seeds in order not to
kill it.
Given data
 Motor power = 750W
 Motor speed=400rpm
 Speed of roller pulley=208rpm
Power loss during transmission from the motor to the shaft from the creeping and sleeping of the
belt up to 5 % of the power generated from the motor.
Therefore Motor power = 750-750*5/100 = 712.5W
Loads on roller due to Gears
Therefore;-Tg=P/ =712.5/(22.9rad/s)=31.02Nm
Ft=2T/D=2*31.02*1000/30mm=2067.88N=FH
Fr=Ft*tan =2067.88*tan20=752.52N=FV

Figure3 .8 belt forces [4]

Loads on roller due to Pulleys is
Data: weight of pulley=5.26Kg*10m/s=52.6N
D=200mm(r=100), T1=724.33N and T2=382.4N
Pulley torque (T) = (T1-T2)*R*r= (724.33-382.4)*100*10-3=34.19Nm
Maximum shear stress,
max=Tr/J= T(D/2)/( *D2/32)= (4.19*(0.035/2)/(3.14*0.0354/32)=40.6Mpa.
Angle of contact =167.30
Horizontal,(FH) and Vertical,(FV) components of the slack side and tight side of the belt on
pulley; (T1 as tight and T2 as slack) Therefore
FH=T2 cos167.3 + T1cos167.3=-1079.65N and FV=60+T1 sin167.3+T2 sin167.3=303.31N

Figure3.9 load on gear [5]

Bending moment (the vertical plane):
a=50 c=600 b=150
Take Moment at B.
∑ =Rg*0.650-Ra*0.600-Rp*0.150=0
Ra= (752.64*0.650-303.31*0.15)/0.600=739.53N
∑ =Rb*0.600-Rp*0.75+Rg*0.05=0
Rb=-316.194N
Torque of gear is less than torque of pulley which is critical (Tg<Tp ) i.e.31.02Nm<34.19Nm.
This is because the pulley is driven by gear so that in order not to be broken this condition is
must.
Under minor to heavy shock, let us consider km=2 and kt=1.5 and let us assume the shaft will be
fabricated from commercial steel. Depending on the above condition the diameter of the roller
will be calculated as follows. Let the diameter of the roller is d
Stainless steel specifically ferritic type 446 with the following properties is selected. Density
(7500Kg/m3), tensile strength (200MPa),shear strength of 40MPa. [6]

Therefore
√ where Allowable=40MPa
d3 √ 3, d=35mm and
Total mass =density*A*L=7500*3.14*0.12*0.6=1.46Kg.

The top part of the roller is made from rubber in order to get the quality of production. Its
diameter is obtained from the equation mentioned at the start of this unit. i.e. the sum of the
diameter of shaft and thickness of the upper part should be equal to 55mm. let thickness of the
upper part rubber is tr, tr =55-35=20mm and the bore diameter isthe same as the diameter of its
shaft which is 35mm.
Rubber has generally 10-25Mpa ultimate tensile strength. Depending on this we are going to
Max shear stress on rubber,
…………………………………………………………………..3.25
[ ]
The amount of torque on the gear and pulley is directly related with the amount of torque acting
on the rubber. Since the torque acting on both gear and pulley can be resisted by the rubber. So
the design is safe.
3.4.5 Key and Key Way Design

A key is a piece of mild steel inserted between the shaft and hub or boss of the pulley to connect
these together in order to prevent relative motion between them. It is always inserted parallel to
the axis of the shaft. Keys are used as temporary fasteners are subjected to considerable crushing
and shearing stress. A keyway is slot or recess in a shaft and hub of the pulley to accommodate a
key.
Types of keys
Some popular types of keys are: Sunk keys, Saddle keys, Tangent keys, Round keys,

From the above types of keys sunk key is selected by considering the simplicity during its
construction and also it easily manufactured and fixed due to its rectangular shape. The sunk
keys are provide half in the keyway of the shaft and half in the keyway of the hub or boss of the
pulley. The sunk keys are most of time rectangular type.
Figure3.10 sunk key [2]

Considering shear of key, the tangential shear force acting force at the circumstance of a shaft
T=F*D/2 where F=A*
T=L*w* *D/2 Where T=torque transmitting by shaft
L=length of key
W=width of key
F=tangential force acting at circumferential of shaft
=shear of a material (carbon steel) =42Mpa
D=diameter of shaft=30mm

Table3.14 Proportional of standard parallel, taper and gib head keys [5]
Shaft Key cross section Shaft Key cross section
diameter diameter
Width (mm) Thickness Width (mm) Thickness
(mm) up to (mm) up to
(mm) (mm)
and and including
including
6 2 2 38 12 8
8 3 3 44 14 9
10 4 4 50 16 10
12 5 5 58 18 11
17 5 6 65 20 12
22 8 7 75 22 14
30 10 8 85 25 14
Diameter of shaft =30 select appropriate width and length

W=10mm and t=8mm
T=L*w* *D/2=L*10*42*30/2=6300L………………………………….……………..3.26
Width of key, w = d / 4; and thickness of key, t = 2w / 3 = d / 6
Where d= Diameter of the shaft or diameter of the hole in the hub.
Considering crashing of, the tangential force acting on the circumstance of shaft T=F*D/2
T=L*t/2*
T=L*t/2* c*D/2 where c =crashing stress on the material (mild
steel)=70MPaT=L*8/2*70*30/2=4………………..………………………..……….……..3.27
Effect of keyways
e=1-0.2(w/d)-1.1(h/d)=1-0.2(10/30)-1.1(4/30)=0.787
Torsional shear stress, T
T= /16* *D3*e= /16*42*30=175233Nmm……………………………….………….…..…3.28
1175233Nmm=6300NL……………L=28mm
Total Mass =density*A*L=7200*(8*10*28)*10-9= 16g

3.4.6 Bearing design
The dimensions of the bearings that have been standardized internationally is shown in table 12
below. These dimensions are a function of the bearing bore and the series of bearing. The
standard dimensions are given in millimeters. There is no standard for the size and number of
steel balls. The bearings are designated by a number. In general, the number consists of atleast
three digits. Additional digits or letters are used to indicate special features e.g. deep groove,
filling notch etc. The last three digits give the series and the bore of the bearing. The last two
digits from 04 onwards, when multiplied by 5, give the bore diameter in millimeters. The third
from the last digit designates the series of the bearing. The most common ball bearings are
available in four series as follows:
1. Extra light (100), 2. Light (200),
3. Medium (300), 4. Heavy (400)
If a bearing is designated by the number 305, it means that the bearing is of medium series
whose bore is 05 × 5, i.e., 25 mm.
The extra light and light series are used where the loads are moderate and shaft sizes are
comparatively large and also where available space is limited.
Figure3.11 ball bearing [5]

Table3. 15principal dimension of radial ball bearing [2]
Bearing No Bore (mm) Outside diameter Width (mm)
200 10 30 9
300 35
201 12 32 10
301 37 12
202 15 35 11
302 42 13
208 30 80 18
308 90 23
408 110 27
Radial load on belt Kr,

Kr=fb.kt ………………………………………………………………………………………3.29
=fb.[19.1*106*712.5]/[200*400]=310.216N
Where Transferred power in Kw= 712.5 Kw (from motor), D = 200 mm, n = 400 rpm.
fb, load factor for flat belt fb= 3 – 4 , take 3 for this design
Therefore kr=3*310.216=930.64N
Equivalent radial load P= =930.64N
Compare Cr with capacities C from the Table Select first bore size having a capacity C greater
than Cr. From table, ball single raw (300 series) with 30 mm bearing bore has a value of C =
7060 which is greater than Cr = 7019.77 [2]
From table the close running fit is represented by H8/g7, i.e. a shaft g7 should with H8 hole.
Since 30mm lies, in the diameter steps of 18 to 30mm, therefore the geometric mean diameter,
i=0.45*(D)1/3 +0.001*D=1.307 micron=0.001307mm
Therefore standard tolerance for hole of grade 8(IT8) [5]
=25i =25*0.001307=0.032mm
And standard tolerance for shaft g of (IT7) =16i=16*0.0013=0.02mm

3.4.7 Bolt Design
For this bolt design first we considering the bearing load because the bearing load that can be
transmitted for bolt so in this case we select bolt size M24 size and comparing the safe stress of
the bolt. For our design 12 bolts are required.
Assumption The bolt material most of time is prepared by cast iron the safe tensile stress of cast
iron =110MPa
Table3.16bolt and nut size [5]
Major or Effective or Minor or core
nominal pitch diameter (dc)mm Depth of
designation pitch diameter diameter thread Stress
nut and bolt nut and bolt bolt nut (bolt)mm area mm²
(d=D)mm (dp)mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Coarse series
M16 2 16 14.701 13.835 13.853 1.227 157

M18 2.5 18 16.376 14.933 15.294 1.534 192
M20 2.5 20 18.376 16.933 17.294 1.534 254
M22 2.5 22 20.3763 18.933 19.294 1.534 303
M24 3 24 22.051 20.320 20.752 1.84 353
M27 3 27 25.051 23.32 23.752 1.84 459
M30 3.5 30 27.727 25.706 26.211 2.147 561
M33 3.5 33 30.727 28.706 29.211 2.147 694
M36 4 36 33.402 31.093 31.670 2.454 817
Take stress area for M24=353mm²

Total area =12*353=2824mm2.
Total Mass=density*volume=density*area*length=7200*2824*10-4*0.04=0.81Kg
Safe tensile load=110N/mm²*353mm² =38.834KN =38834N.

So now comparing the bearing load acting on the bolt the bearing load is = 7019.7N
So the safe tensile load on the bolt is greater than bearing one so the design is safe.
Figure3.12bolt [4]
3.4.8 Chain Conveyor Selection

Chain conveyor is one of the material handling instruments driven by chain. It is used to move
moderate to heavy load. This Chain conveyor plays a vital role in our design to feed the pea with
its stem to the roller and again transports the pod to opposite side after the seed fallen down
through small holes on the conveyor designed with pea size.
Successful conveyor chain selection involves an accurate assessment of conditions on and
around the conveyor together with the performance of several simple calculations. Roller chains
are typically used in relatively light to moderate material handling applications. Special
materials, plantings, and coatings are available to handle a wide variety of special environmental
conditions, including extremes in temperatures and/or difficult corrosive circumstances.
Steps used to select conveyor;
Step 1: Required information for conveyor chain selection:
1. Type of chain conveyor (slat, pusher, cross bar, etc.). Select cross bar.
2. The basic layout of the conveyor, including sprocket center distances, angles of incline, etc.
3. The type and weight of material to be conveyed. Light weight (Serials pea) and the assumed
weight of the pea conveyed at once is 1Kg to 25Kg
4. An estimate of the required weight of chain, attachments, and other moving parts of the
conveyor
5. Chain speed v
Make a Preliminary Chain Selection. Use the following formula to estimate conveyor pull.
P = Total weight x f x Speed Factor and T = P/Number of strands
P=(76+25+0.9+1.9+5.6+1.2+0.81)*0.14*1=15.6Kg

Where: P = Conveyor pull and Total Weight = the entire weight of chains, attachments, and
material to be conveyed f = Friction coefficient=0.14m for the standard roller (from Table 6) [7]
Speed Factor =1.0 for lubricated roller (from table 7) [7]
Step 2:Calculate the design horsepower by applying the combined service factor to the
horsepower to be transmitted.
Design HP = HP x Combined Service Factor where HP=1/3HP and
CSF=SF*SN=0.05m/s*0.07m/s=3.55*10-3 ………………………………………………….3.30
Design HP=750*3.55*10-3=25.6W
Step 3:Refer to the Quick Selector Chart on page 244 to find the tentative chain selection,
located at the intersection of the design horsepower and the RPM of the driving sprocket.
(Consult the Engineering Department for horsepower ratings of chains not listed.)
Step 4:Using the appropriate horsepower table (pages 245-248) for your tentative chain
selection, find the horsepower capacity that exceeds the design horsepower under the RPM of the
driving sprocket. Read across the table to the left to determine the number of teeth required for
the driving sprocket. (Consult the Engineering Department for special applications with slow
speeds and high horsepower or where proper lubrication cannot be applied.)
Step 5:The horsepower tables show the types of lubrication required. Consider all factors of the
application when determining the type of lubrication to use. Note that for continuous operation in
the tables’ shaded areas, some galling may be expected in the live bearing surfaces of the chain
joints, even when properly lubricated.
Step 6:Calculate chain length for a two-sprocket drive using the following equation: L = 2C
+N/2 + n/2 + (N - n)2 /39.5C
Where:
L = Chain length (pitches)
C =1300mm Distance between shaft centers (pitches)
N = 9 Number of teeth on larger (driven) sprocket
n = 9 Number of teeth on smaller (driving) sprocket
For a drive in which both sprockets are equal (N = n):
Total length of conveyor L = 2C + N=2*1300+9=2609mm=2.6m

3.4.8 Housing (stand) Design
Housing is one of the parts of our design which is used to carry the whole parts of the machine.
The total loads of all the parts are loaded on it. So this part must be designed by considering all
those loads. This means the material to be selected must have good strength to resist the failure.
The total load is the sum of all the above designed parts, i.e. the weight of gear, belt, pulley,
shaft, motor, roller, key, bearing, bolts and roller chain conveyor. Summing those all we get the
total weight applied on it is =1100N.
Figure3.13the bending moment and shear force on the support.

Taking the momentum at point B;
Taking the summation of vertical forceto be zero Fy;

∑ …………………………………………………………3.31

∑ ( ) , 2
/2-RAx
Let x=0mx=0
Let x=l/2 Mx=-q(l2/2)+RA*l= q(l2/2)+ql/2(l)=0
Shear force
∑
RA-qx-v=0v=RA-qx andV=ql/2-qx
If x=0V=ql/2-ql=-ql/2

Figure3.14shear force and bending moment diagram

Maximum bending moment
Mmax=ql2/8=1110*0.62/8=270Nm
b==My/I
I -inertia of momentum for beam rectangular cross section
*h3 ……………………………………………………………………………3.32
Distance from the outside surface

2
b=M/z z=303*30/6=4500
2
b=270000/4500=60N/mm
Ultimate strength of wrought iron is

2
u=186N/mm
Checking the bending stress by using safety factor, F.s
b=186/60=3.1this implies the design is safe.
3.4.9 Welding analysis

Welding is the process of joining two or more parts together for the required purpose. In case of
our design we are going to manufacture the stand by means of cutting and welding to its right
position.

Figure3.15 welding [2]

Bending moment M=P*L=666*300=199Nmm where P=ql=1110*0.6=666N.
Modules of section, Z=tl2/6*2 where t=throat thickness=0.7075 or sin 450
Z=0.707*302/6*2*s=212.11smm where s-size of welding and L- length of welding
Area=2t*l=2*0.707*30=42.42smm
Sheer force of material =75MPa
Shear force=P/A=1110/42.42=8.48N/mm2
Bending moment b=M/z
=199/212.16=510N/mm
√ =509.33s ………………………………………………………3.33
75=509.33s from this S=6.79mm
3.4.10 selection of wheel

The wheel is the part of machine which is fixed to the stand for the purpose of getting the
required movement of the machine. There are 4 wheels are required for our design.Thetotal
weight applied on to the machine can loaded on to the individual wheel. When selecting the right
wheel depending on the load that is loaded on it. The total load of the parts is 111kg. The load
carrying capacity of the wheel must be greater than the load applied on it.
The following information is to assist you in the selection of the appropriate caster for your
specific application. Remember, the selection of the proper caster is determined by the load
requirements, the operating environment, and other special conditions.
Table3.17 selection of standard caster wheel [15]

From the above table we select the wheel having more carrying capacity than 110kg. The wheel
with carrying capacity of 137kg is selected. This is safer for our design.
3.5 Results and Discussions
This machine has been fabricated with the use of locally available Materials and it is easier to
use compared toanother type of pea Sheller machine like: hand operated type and double roller
type by operation principle and feeding mechanism. The main advantage of this machine
compared to others are lesser machine cost, reduce in labor force, produce quality product, takes
less operation time and reducing foreign currency. The machine Shells 100Kg/h. and the total
mass of this machine is 110Kg and the total cost of machine is 8581 birr but the European DE
pea Sheller machine cost is 15000birr without tax value.
3.6 Working Principle

When the motor starts, it begins to rotate the pulley that connects with the roller, the pulleys
connected with belt, and it also drives the feeder shaft around the conveyor. Then the input
roller starts to roll and it drives the other shaft in opposite direction which is connected with it by
gear.
When the pea added to the conveyor, the feeder shaft starts to feed some of them through
conveyor plate in order to sort them to the rollers. As the peas with its pod reach to the rotating

roller the seeds escape or get forced out from its pods since the pod is dried well before shelling
it. During this time the peas fall through an opening right below the pinch rollers into a bin and
the pods pass to the opposite side via moving conveyor.

CHAPTER FOUR
4. MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE
Manufacturing process is the process in which varies steps and procedures of individual parts of
any machine is explained clearly with its correctly designed dimensions by the designer. In this
project design we have briefly sated the individual manufacturing procedures as follows;
4.1. The Spur Gear Manufacturing Process

Spur gears are the most common type of gear, and are used in all industries. The term spur gears
is used to describe cylindrical gears with straight teeth cut parallel to the axis of the gear, and are
mounted on parallel shafts to transfer power from one shaft to the other. Spur gears give a high
degree of efficiency, and due to having straight teeth produce no end thrust. They give excellent
results at slow to medium peripheral speeds, but tend to be noisy at high speeds due to them
having a parallel line of contact, although profile grinding will greatly improve noise
characteristics.
The following procedures are followed to manufacture the gear with 61mm diameter and 40mm
length.

Table4.1 manufacturing process of gear
No Parts Operation Machine Dimensions (mm)
1 Buy raw cast iron from the 70*50
market
2 Turning Lathe 62*50
3 Facing Lathe 61*40
4 Turning both sides Lathe 3.5*5
5 Drilling at center Lathe 30mm
6 Keyway cutting Milling 28*10*8
7 Cutting the 18 tooth by Milling

using index
8 Chamfer the edge Lathe 2mm
9 Surface finish Lathe 0.1

4.2 Manufacturing Process of Roller Part
In the manufacturing process of shaft first according to the dimension of the design part we buy
the shaft size of 60mm diameter and 805mm length of shaft. Then by using lathe machine face
the length to 801mm and turn the diameter to 55mm. Next turn one end to 35mm till the length
of 100mm and another end to 35mm till the length of 150mm. finally chamfer the edge with
2mm and surface finish with 0.1mm
Table4 .2 Roller manufacturing process
No Part
Operation Machine Dimension
buy 805mm*55m
1 m
2 facing Lathe 801*55mm
4 turning Lathe 801*52mm
turning Lathe 801*35mm

4
chamfering Lathe 2mm

5
6 Surface Lathe 0.1mm

finish

4.3 Manufacturing Process of Feeder Shaft
Similar procedures can be followed as the above we have done the shaft part by using lathe
machine according to the dimension of part drawing and similar to the roller part which is only
different in size and then after completing the shaft part welding the guide part according to the
dimension to the housing.
4.4Manufacturing Process of Housing and plate on the feeder

To manufacture both housing plate part, first cut the selected material according to the
designed dimension. Then, drill, grind and chamfer all the edges of the cut. Finally
Weld all the parts to its right position to satisfy the geometry and the shape of the
structure of the housing and feeding plate on the conveyor.
Table4.3 manufacturing process
No Part name Quantity Manufacturing process
1 Gear 2 lathe and Milling
2 Housing 1 cutting and Welding
3 Roller Shaft 2 Lathe, and milling
4 Feeder shaft 1 Lathe and welding

CHAPTER FIVE
5. COST ANALYSIS
Cost analysis is one of the parts of design in which the total amount of money that spent for the
purpose of the design project is analyzed. There are two types of cost meaning that material and
machining cost.
5.1material cost
Material cost is the amount of money that is spent to buy raw materials before machining. In this
case, each part of the machine bought from the market according to its designed dimensions.
5.2 Machine Cost
Machine cost is the amount of money that paid for the manufacturer depending on machining time. This
cost also includes the labor of the worker. Machine time can be calculated as follows:
For lathe operation
Machine time =length of cut/feed*N
Cutting speed (v) = *d*n/1000 ………………………………………………………….
Cutting speed for any material is given in between (45-75rpm)
Light cut depth=0.4-2.5mm
Feed rate=0.2-0.4mm
Tool H.S.S =45-75rpm
Roller shaft machine time=800mm/2*N and N=1000*60/40* =477.7rpm
=800/2*477.7=0.83minute
Stepped diameter=5*2=10mm
Time=10*0.83=8.3minutes
Total time=cutting time + finishing time=8.3+5=13.3minutes
Total cost of our design is the sum of material and machine cost as shown in the following table.

Table5 1 cost analysis
Item no Part name Quantity Material cost Machine cost Total cost
1 Roller 2 200 7.5 207.5
2 Feeder shaft 1 100 10 110
3 Chain conveyor 1 300 standard 300
4 Gear 2 300 120 420
5 Pulley 1 800 standard 1040
6 Bearing 6 960 standard 960
7 Motor 1 5000 standard 5000
8 Housing 1 160 65.5 225.5
9 belt 2 120 standard 120
10 Bolt 12 48 standard 48
11 Plate on feeder 4 150 140 150
Total cost 8581

CHAPTER SIX
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Recommendation
For this machine design we recommended that, the operator or the user of this machine must
protect the machine from rain, wind, sun and contaminated thing to increasing the life time of
machine. The machine is used to shell only pea because of the space between two rollers.
Lubricate gears and bearings by time interval and not to touch the roller faces from lubricants.
Because it can reduce the quality of the product, Always put the machine in stable place. Check
each part in time interval for maintenance.
6.2 Future work

Due to having no sufficient time to do this design project we had not designed two important
parts. These are air blower and for the time of no electric power manually driving maneuver. So
we recommend that anybody who is going to design this machine should have to consider this
during his or her design.
6.3Conclusion
Pea Sheller machine is important for shelling of pea. This machine has been fabricated with the
use of locally available Materials and it is easier to use compared toanother type of pea Sheller
machine like: hand operated type and double roller type by operation principle and feeding
mechanism. The main advantage of this machine compared to others are lesser machine cost,
reduce in labor force, produce quality product, takes less operation time and reducing foreign
currency. The machine Shells 100Kg/h. and the total mass of this machine is 110Kg and the total
cost of machine is 8581 birr but the European DE pea Sheller machine cost is 15000birr without
tax value. Finally each part of the machine check by doing finite element method in order to
easily identify the stress concentration, displacement and loading area using color code. We try
to do the prototype but unfortunately, the team didn’t get the materials from the school so that in
this reason we didn’t check our projects practically. But we prepare the paper and get the best
approaches for experimental.

Part Drawing
Figure6.1roller shaft

Figure6.2 feeder shaft

Figure6.3 spur gear

Figure6.4 pulley with diameter of 100mm

Figure6.5pulley with diameter 0f 150mm

Figure6.6pulley with diameter of 200

Figure 6 .7 roller

Figure 6.8 edge plate on the conveyor

Assembly Drawing
Figure 6 .9 Assembly Drawing


Figure 6.10 assembly drawing

REFERENCE
[1].Chris Allen Mark Hritz, A. J. (in1/13/2012). OHIO University Mechanical Engineering
Conceptual Design Report,.
[2]. MD.Kurmi. (new edition.). text book of machine design. .
[3].Price, G. B. (No. 43,864. 16 August, 1864.). “Pea Sheller.”.
[4].Shigley‟s. (Eighth Edition.). Mechanical Engineering Design,. B u d y n a s − N i s b e t
[5].SCHAUM’s outline of machine design-1961pdf.
[6].Dr.MostafaRostamA.Atia Associate prof (1967), shaft design.USA,Washington,D.C.
[7]. http//.www.RJ-chain selection-09 pdf.
[8]. http//.www.Fenner 20Dunlop-0/0202009-0/0conveyor pdf.
[9]. Ahmed Kovacevic,(1974),mechanical analysis and design. City university London.
[10].http//.www.usad –grading-standards pdf
[11].http//www.conveyor-REN2-ENG-07-14 pdf
[12].http//.www.Topics6 20belts.pdf
[13] MC-Grew.MANDAL, D. (second edition 1999). DESIGN DATA HAND BOOK for
mechanical engendering student.sanjeevkumarkataria.
[14].http//.www.mod13less2.pdf

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DESIGN OF PEA SHELLER MACHINE 2017

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page i

Key word: roller method, pea Sheller, design analysis

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page ii

Table of Contents pages

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page iii

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page iv

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page v

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page vi

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page vii

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page viii

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page ix

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 1

1.4 Methodology of the Thesis

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Figure2.1the first pea sheller machine[3]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 3

Figure 2.2Pea Sheller [3]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 4

Figure 2.3 Electric Mr.Pea Sheller [3]

Figure 2.4 roller methods [1]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 5

Figure2.5 roller methods [1]

Figure2.6 roller methods [1]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 6

2.1.2 Tumbler Method Patents

Figure2.7Tumbler Front View[1]

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Figure2.8Tumbler Side View[1]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 8

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 9

3.2 Selection of Material for Pea Sheller Machine Components

3.2.1 Gear Material

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 10

3.2.2 Roller Material

3.2.3 Belt Material

3.2.4 Pulley Material

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 11

3.2.5 Material Selection for Key

3.2.6 Material selection for slat plate or edge plate

3.3 Geometry Analysis of Pea Sheller Machine Components

3.3.1 Geometric analysis of conveyor chain.

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 12

Figure3.1dimensions of conveyor chain [11]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 13

Table3. 1 standard dimension of conveyor chain [11]

Figure3.2 geometry of conveyor sprocket [11]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 14

Figure3.3 conveyors with its conveyed material [11]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 15

where dg1=diameter of gear1 and dg2=diameter 0f gear2. And =18/18=1:1

where Tg1=number of tooth on gear1 and Tg2=number of tooth on gear2,(from table3).

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 16

Figure3,4 gear nomenclature [2]

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 17

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 18

Figure3.5 belt geometry[2]

The total length of the belt,

WSU, COE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 19

3.3.4 Housing (Structural) Geometry Analysis

3.3 Force and Stress Analysis of Pea Sheller Machine Components

3.3.1 Force Analysis and Stress Analysis of Gear

WR= (√62652+13.59362+2626513.5936*COS20) =8613.49N=8.613KN

Mass of pulley=mass of rim +mass of hub=[(4/3)1700 714.6]+[ ]

Total mass =densityAL=75003.140.12*0.6=1.46Kg.