Sesi - 4

Sistem proteksi petir internal

Dr. Reynaldo Zoro

• What causes power surges

and why are they
dangerous?
• How much energy can
equipment stand without
damage?
• What technologies exist to
combat power surges?
• How can I evaluate
performance of a (TVSS)
Device?
• Surge Protection – Applications
and Products

1
Apa yang menyebabkan Power
surges?

contactors

collapsing inductive loads

power grid switching

improper grounding

component failures

human error

lightning

compressors

DC drives

motors

electrostatic discharge

N.E.M.P.

Ancaman petir pada instalasi dan

peralatan
LIGHTNING STRIKES
DISTURBANCE
SOURCES
NEMP
H
E RADIATION
H, E
SEMP
ANNTENA
H, E
LEMP

H, E

INCOMING PULSES

i, u

BUILDING SHIELD

INDUCTION
CURRENT ON SHIELD
LOOP
INCOMING IMPULS

i
i, u

ELECTRICAL CABLE
CONTROL CABLE WITH
SHIELD
EQUIPMENT SHIELD

LIGHTNING DISCHARGE

2
 Characteristic Values of
Transients
Voltage
Switching Transients
Switching transients are more frequent
with higher voltage intensity. Their
1000kV
duration is very short.

Switching Lightning Transients

Transients Lightning transient’s current intensities
are greater and the long transient
500kV surge is very damaging.

Lightning
Transients
200kV

100ns 500ns 1000ns 1500ns

How far away does lightning have to

strike to cause damage?

• Damaging voltage levels of 70v/m can be present a

mile away from a lightning flash.
• Lightning does not have to strike the ground. Even
cloud to cloud lightning can cause major damage.
• Electromagnetic voltage fields created by lightning
strokes cause high current surges.

• Magnetic fields produce high voltage levels.

3
 Ancaman petir pada sistem dan
instalasi tenaga listrik

ABC Company

MCR
Data
Telephone

110 kV
Mobile
400/230 V phone
TV

And why are they dangerous?

Proliferation of microprocessors EVERYWHERE:

Increased equipment
sensitivity

Inductive and
capacitive coupling

EMC requirements

Expense of lost
production - down
time

Litigation and
insurance expense

4
How much energy can equipment
stand?

How much energy can

equipment stand?

5
 How much energy can
equipment stand?

Coupling Methods
Direct Coupling
Inductive Coupling
Capacitive Coupling

6
Eliminate earth loops and differentials

7
 Direct Coupling

When the rate of current flow is greater than

the earth’s ability to absorb the current flow,
an alternate path is found.

Surge current
seeks an alternate
path Equipment
Damage

High

Rate of Rate of
Current Flow
I1 I2 Current Flow

Anytime current flows through a resistance (earth ground, impedance)

a voltage is generated.

8
 Inductive (Magnetic) Coupling

• Magnetic flux line’s (MFL) intensities are greatest near stroke.

• Greater (MFL) frequencies create higher voltages.
• As (MFL) crosses circuit area, damaging voltages are generated.

Surge current
seeks an alternate
path Equipment
Damage
High

Rate of Rate of
Current Flow
I1 I2 Current Flow

Anytime current flows through a resistance (earth ground, impedance)

a voltage is generated.

Inductive Coupling from

Nearby Conductors

6”
Transient Conductor
Secondary
Produces Magnetic Field
Transient Induced in
adjacent Conductor

A 500A, 1.2x50 millisecond

Transient Induces »30V in a 6 inch
piece of adjacent cable

9
 Capacitive Coupling

• A lightning stroke creates strong local voltage fields.

• Highly charged electrons are attracted or repelled to electrical
circuits.
• High inrush or outrush currents are formed which can damage
electrical circuits.

Equipment
Damage

High

Rate of Rate of
Current Flow
I1 I2 Current Flow

Three types of damage

caused by surges

•Destructive
•Dissipative
•Disruptive

10
Destructive: SYMPTOMS: Very visible damage: burnt boards,
traces and components. Some components literally
blown off the board. Wire insulation melted and
metallic parts deformed.
Destructive effects are generally associated with
severe impulse (lightning activity). These effects are
rare depending upon geographic location and
environmental conditions.

Disruptive: SYMPTOMS: Confused logic, lost files, data stream

disruption and/or corruption, system lock-up.
Disruptive effects are common place to most computer
users but are generally blamed on software or
hardware problems.

Destructive: SYMPTOMS: Very visible damage: burnt boards,

traces and components. Some components literally
blown off the board. Wire insulation melted and
metallic parts deformed.
Destructive effects are generally associated with
severe impulse (lightning activity). These effects are
rare depending upon geographic location and
environmental conditions.

11
Disruptive: SYMPTOMS: Confused logic, lost files, data stream
disruption and/or corruption, system lock-up.
Disruptive effects are common place to most computer
users but are generally blamed on software or
hardware problems.
Dissipative: SYMPTOMS: Little or no visible damage, but
components will not function properly. “Bad ICs” is
usually the diagnosis.
Dissipative effects are the cumulative result of
electronic stress usually caused by internally
generated, lower energy, but are constantly present.
Destructive: SYMPTOMS: Very visible damage: burnt boards,
traces and components. Some components literally
blown off the board. Wire insulation melted and
metallic parts deformed.
Destructive effects are generally associated with
severe impulse (lightning activity). These effects are
rare depending upon geographic location and
environmental conditions.

Reasons Semiconductors Fail

Environment
30%
Overstress
65%
Parts
5%
65% - External Electrical Overstress
1) Transients
2) Lightning
3) ESD (Electro Static Discharge)
30% - Environmental Conditions
1) Excessive Temperature
2) Moisture / High Humidity
5% - Parts Manufacturing (shows up < 30 days of
operation)

12
 What is a Surge Protection
Device?

A
Normal
S1
B

S2 S3
Common Mode

Answer: Voltage activated switch

What technologies exist to combat

power surges?

13
 Arc Chopping Spark Gap
Tremendous energy
handling capability.

Self-extinguishing

Dissipates energy as
plasma discharge
instead of heat

Can handle multiple
direct strike events
without damage

Gas Tube Technology

Ceramic or glass
tube with inert gas
inside

Slow response

High energy handling
capability

Unpredictable
ignition voltage

14
 Metal Oxide Varistors

• Wide range of
voltage protection
levels
• Most popular
device used for
TVSS
applications

More on MOV’s

• Voltage dependent resistor

• Predictable overvoltage
protection response
• Wide range of voltage
protection levels
• Performance decays with use
• Undesirable high frequency
characteristics

15
Surge Suppressor Diodes

Also called SADs, Silicon

Avalanche Diodes, and
Transorbs

Very fast response

Silicon device that acts
like back to back Zeners

Low Energy Handling

Common components used in

surge protectors
Low No follow-on
Component High Energy let-through current
High Current Voltage (non crowbar)

Air Gaps &

Gas Arrestors

Metal Oxide
Varistors

Silicon
Diodes

16
Data / Comm. Transient Barrier

From exposed
field wiring

Equipment to
be protected

Hybrid protection topology

17
 Universal Transient Barrier hybrid
circuit

Stage 1: Gas Tube w/Shorting Bar Series Coordinating

Provides primary surge and mains Elements
incursion protection

Stage 2: MOVs

Stage 3: SADs Resettable PTCs

provide overcurrent
protection

Three Stage Transient

Absorption System
Incoming
Line Transient

Suppressor
Diode

Grounding
System

18
 Three Stage Transient
Absorption System
Incoming
Line Transient

Inductor
First Stage

Metal Suppressor
Oxide Diode
Varistor

Grounding
System

Three Stage Transient

Absorption System
Inductor
Incoming Second Stage
Line Transient

Inductor
Gas
Discharge
First Stage
Arrestor

Metal Suppressor
Oxide Diode
Varistor

Grounding
System

19
Clamping performance
of a 5V transient barrier

Applied pulse of 6kV 1.2/50,

3kA 8/20, is clamped to <13V
ANSI C62.41 6kV 3kA applied impulse

Clamped to <13V

How can I evaluate performance

of a (TVSS) Device?

20
 ANSI / IEEE C62.41 Oscillatory Ringwave

• Representative of typical internally

generated switching transient
• Could be effects of contactor
switching
• Low energy event

ANSI / IEEE C62.41

1.2 x 50 µS Waveform

• International test standard for

high impedance circuits
• Voltage impulse decays to half
value in 50 µS

21
 ANSI / IEEE C62.41
8x20 µS Waveform

• Impulse waveform measures circuit low

impedance response to current flow
• Considered by ANSI / IEEE as
maximum energy waveform test
• Representative of utility heavy load
switching event

IEC
10x350µS Waveform

• Lightning test waveform

• Greater energy than ANSI / IEEE
standards

• Current impulse event

22
 KEY PERFORMANCE FACTORS

Safety Factors
Abnormal Over-voltage
Fault Currents – what happens to the SPD under fault conditions

Performance Factors
Surge Rating
“Let-through” Voltage

All these factors can be tested under laboratory conditions.

Abnormal Over-
Over-voltage

SPD in Conduction TOV Condition

Nominal Clamping
Voltage on 50/60 Hz
Nominal AC Mains
Operating Voltage

23
 KEY PERFORMANCE FACTORS

When a MOV is subjected to Over-voltage, it begins to conduct current.

This causes energy to be dissipated in the MOV and eventually causes it to fail,
typically to a Short Circuit.

This causes a large amount of Current to flow into the failing product, only limited by
the Power Supply’s ability to deliver current (Prospective Short Circuit
Current).

The product then often “blows” open circuit causing arcing and potential fire hazard.

A design challenge is to avoid this explosive fire hazard!

1) TD Technology

Low SPD
voltage clamping

TD technology.
clamping

24
 2) Thermal Fusing

This approach uses the heat of the failing SPD to cause a disconnection to occur.
This is usually accomplished by allowing a soldered connection to melt and
spring open.

2) Thermal Fusing

25
 3) Overcurrent Fusing

This approach uses a more familiar fuse to disconnect the product.The fuse used here is a special design that:

1) Has high Current Interrupting Capacity (kAIC)

2) Will pass high surge currents, but

3) Will open quickly on AC follow-on currents!

Product Testing
Standard UL 1449 is widely regarded as the standard imposing the most stringent test requirements to ensure product safety.

It has three types of Abnormal Overvoltage tests:

1) Low current: 5A to 10A (THERMAL FUSING)

2) Intermediate Current: 500A to 1000A (OVERCURRENT FUSING)

3) Maximum Current: Manufacturer decides how high to go. maximum – 200kA (OVERCURRENT FUSING).

26
 Abnormal
Over--voltage
Over
Abnormal Over-voltage applied, with
500A limited current
(NO FUSING)

Abnormal
Over--voltage
Over
Abnormal Over-voltage applied, with
500A limited current
(FUSES active)

27
 Abnormal Over-
Over-
voltage with high
SSCR
Abnormal Over-voltage applied, with
200,000A prospective current
(NO FUSING)

Abnormal Over-
Over-
voltage with high
SSCR
Abnormal Over-voltage applied, with
200,000A prospective current
(FUSES active)

28
The German VDE or IEC61312
Approach

29
 Typical Panel Installation

Typical Panel Installation

30
Transient Barriers used in SCADA
protection

Process controller protected

with transient barriers

31
 Konsep & Aplikasi
sistem proteksi petir internal

Contents

Konsep sistem proteksi petir internal

Aplikasi zona proteksi petir

Sistem proteksi pada instalasi listrik

Sistem proteksi pada komputer dan jaringannya

Sistem proteksi pada sistem telekomunikasi

Sistem proteksi pada instrumentasi dan kontrol

Bonding dan shielding

32
 Komponen LPS internal

Shielding semua peralatan metal, kulit metal
kabel dan manajemen rute kabel yang baik

Bonding semua grounding peralatan dan
grounding arrester pada satu titik

Pemasangan arrester secara bertingkat sesuai
denga zona proteksi pada jalur-jalur konduktif
ke peralatan (listrik, telekomunikasi, komputer
dan jaringan data, instrumentasi dan kontrol)

Lightning protection zone concept

LPZ 0 A

LPZ 0 B external LPS

structure representing shield 1

LPZ 1

room representing shield 2

lokal bonding bar 2 at bonding bar 1 at

LPZ 2 the boundary of the boundary of
LPZ 1 and LPZ 2 LPZ 0 A , 0B and LPZ 1

e.g. computer
room

cables line
bonding of shield 2

earth termination
system

According to IEC 62305-1

33
 Lightning protection zone concept
(lanjutan)
Zone 0: – outdoor; direct lightning strikes; no shielding against LEMP
(lightning protection zone)
Zone 1: – indoor; high energy transients by:
switching operation (SEMP), partial lightning currents;
(surge voltage protection zone 1)
Zone 2: – indoor; low energy transients by:
switching operation (SEMP), electrostatic discharges (ESD);
(surge voltage protection zone 2)
Zone 3: – indoor; no generation of transient currents and voltages
which exceed the insulation of electrical and electronic
equipment; shielding and separate installation of current
circuits which can interfere with one another
(surge voltage protection zone 3)

Lightning protection zone concept

(lanjutan)
lightning protection zone 0A

lightning protection zone 0B

protection zone 1 protection zone 2

SPD C

protection zone 1 protection zone 2 protection zone 3

SPD D

mains protection zone 1 protection zone 2 protection zone 3

SPD B SPD C SPD D

SPD: surge protective device

RA decoupling element (conductor length)

34
 Lightning protection zone concept
(lanjutan)

zone 0

zone 0 iL
zone3 iL

zone 2 iL
zone3
zone 2
zone 1
zone 0 zone 0

Konvens
ional vs
CVT

35
Mekanisme kopling galvanik

improvement !
iB

iB2

iB2 iB2
iB1
iB2
UE = RE1 x iB1 potential equalization
&
surge voltage protection

Stress of internal over voltages to

the equipments

Electrical system

Computer and the network

Telecommunication

Instrumentation and control

36
 Aplikasi zona proteksi petir

Sistem bondding pada bangunan dengan banyak jalan masuk dan dihubungkan
dengan penghantar ring, sehingga BPT dapat tersambung. Pentanahan dengan
besi beton dari fondasi dan struktur menggunakan komponen "natural"

KETERANGAN :
10. Saluran listrik atau saluran telekomunikasi 6. Ke sistem pentanahan tambahan
2. Tembok dengan rangka besi beton 7. Pipa beton didalam tembok
3. Sistem pentanahan lingkar 10 8. Besi beton didalam tembok
4. PS = pemotong Surja 9. Sambungan penghantar khusus
5. BPT 3 1. Sambungan pipa konduktif luar
bangunan

4
1 6

9 7

37
 Bonding pada jalan masuk yang berlainan untuk pipa air, saluran
listrik atau telpon dengan menggunakan penghantar lingkar
di dalam ruangan
2
1 3
4

9
8

KETERANGAN :
1. Besi beton dari tembok dan fondasi
2. Antena
3. Sambungan – ikat (bonding)
4. Penghantar lingkar dalam ruangan
5. Ke pipa konduktif luar ; misalnya ; pipa air dari metal
6. Sistem pentanahan tambahan jenis A
7. Batang Penyama Tegangan
8. Saluran listrik atau telpon
9. Sistem pentanahan lingkar jenis B

Sistem penyambung BPT (PEB) pada setiap saluran masuk untuk

letak sambungan diatas lantai

1
2

4 ss

6 5

KETERANGAN :
1. Saluran listrik atau telpon 5. Sambungan dari hantaran - turun
2. Sistem pentanahan lingkar diluar bangunan 6. Pipa konduktif dari luar
3. Pipa konduktif dari luar 7. BPT (PEB)
4. Sambungan - ikat khusus 8. Besi beton dalam tembok

38
 Distribusi arus petir total sebesar 100 kA pada seluruh metal dan
struktur pada bangunan. Arus petir total dianggap terbagi rata diantara
sistem pentanahan 50% dan bahan konduktif sebesar 50% .

2.5 kA 5 kA
1

17 kA ss 17 kA

4
2

3 6

5
SS

17 kA
KETERANGAN :
1. Sistem pentanahan lingkar 4. Pipa air 43 kA

2. Sela-api 5. Dinding tembok

3. BPT 6. Pipa gas

Assumed Current Distribution

for a Lightning Stroke

39
Sistem proteksi zone

Kabel data pada batas zone 1 dan

zone 2

40
 Sistem proteksi zone (Cont’d)
Keadaan transient
yang tidak
terkendali Zone 1 Terkendali

Ruang Komputer

Zone 2

Kabel Data

Kabel Listrik Zone 3 CPU

BPT BPT

ZONE 0 ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3

Tingkat Amplituda
Arus Impuls
X 1000 A X 100 A X 10 A X1A

Coordination of Protection for power line

41
 Lightning Current Parameters

Parameters Protection Level

I II III
III--IV

Peak val. of current I (kA) 200 150 100

Spec. energy W/R (MJ/Ω

Ω) 10 5.6 2.5

Imp. charge Q Impulse (As) 100 75 50

Total charge Q Total (As) 200 150 100

Efficiency 98% 95% 80 - 90%

S712e 712e.ppt / 04.09.97

Staggered Protection
kV V V V
12 600 600 600

10 500 500 500

8 400 400 400

6 300 300 300

4 200 200 200

2 100 100 100

20 40 60 µs 1 2 µs 1 2 µs 1 2 µs

L L

V D C = 24 V
U sA g
G erat

G as A rresters V aristors S uppressordiode

P eak C urrent 50 kA 1 kA 0.2 kA
R espons tim e < 500 ns < 25 ns = 1 ps

42
 Proteksi bertingkat
SATUAN LA MOV SD

ARUS PETIR kA 50 kA 50 kA 0,2 kA

WAKTU TEMBUS Nano Detik 500 < 2,5 0,01

U – I CHART SIMETRIS SIMETRIS SIMETRIS

BIL Volt 65 – 1200 20 – 2000 6 – 190

ENERGI Joule + 60 + 1800 + 11

KAPASITAS pico farad 1 - 7 0 - 15.000 300 - 12.000

ARUS BOCOR mA < 15 < 200 <5

Keterangan :
LA = Lightning arrester
MOV = Metal oxide varistor (110 V)
SD = Supressor diode

Proteksi bertingkat (Cont’d)

43
Fine protection

SINGLE STAGE vs MULTI-

MULTI- STAGE
PROTECTION
Single Stage Multi-
Multi-Stage

“gas arrester only”
secondary clamp
circuits limits initial voltage,

may be relatively slow allowing gas arrester
to operate, allowing time to operate
significant voltages to
effectively shunts the
pass to the terminal destructive energy
equipment

44
TWO STAGE PROTECTION (2)

Advantage of both line-

line-to
to--line and line-
line-to
to--ground clamping
– common mode transients will be shunted safely to ground

Contoh proteksi pada komputer dan

jaringannya (Cont’d)

45
Proteksi tegangan lebih pada sistem
listrik
dan data pada instalasi computer

Proteksi tegangan lebih untuk 2

sistem pada transmisi data

46
 Sistem ikat dan sistem pentanahan pada instalasi di dalam
bangunan dengan menggunakan komponen besi beton pada
dinding dan fondasi sebagai komponen SPP “ Natural”

Pemakaian konsep LPZ

www.dehn.de

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Pemakaian konsep LPZ

www.dehn.de

48
www.dehn.de

www.dehn.de

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www.dehn.de

Sistem proteksi pada

instalasi listrik

50
Proteksi pada instalasi listrik

Power plant
◦ Load shedding system
◦ Electrical relay and control

Distribution system
◦ PLN supply to Power House or Substation
◦ Overhead or underground cables

Load and low voltage distribution
◦ Staggered protection to critical building
◦ computer and radio room
◦ compressor room and gas plant
◦ SPD at low voltage after PLN supply

Installation of electrical system inside
building
◦ Prevention of open loop with another system (telephone, data,
CCTV, etc) by routing the cable

Contoh proteksi listrik

51
 Cara memilih L.A yang baik

Penyama Tegangan SPP untuk saluran

masuk ke dalam ruangan

Lightning Protection Equipotentialization

EBB

PS
External LPS

Water

Gas Z
Cathodic protection of filler pipe
Foundation earth electrode

S532/3e 532-3e.ppt / 26.05.98 / PWO

52
Contoh proteksi listrik (tingkat 1)

53
Contoh proteksi listrik (tingkat 2)

Contoh proteksi listrik (tingkat 2)

54
Contoh proteksi listrik (tingkat 2)

Contoh proteksi listrik (tingkat 3)

55
 Contoh proteksi listrik
(tingkat3--
(tingkat3
kombinasi))
kombinasi

Contoh proteksi listrik

(tingkat 3 –
kombinasi))
kombinasi

56
Aliran Impuls ke tanah

Hubungan arus impuls ketanah dengan tegangan

kerja Arester

57
Tegangan Impuls
pada saat terjadi
tegangan
tembus
pada peralatan

Sistem proteksi pada

komputer dan jaringannya

58
 Sistem proteksi pada komputer dan
jaringannya

Incoming & outgoing data cables protection
◦ RS 232 connector
◦ Telephones
modem

Power supply protection
staggered
protection main entrance.

Raised floor grounding with equipotential
bonding

Combination protection at terminals

Shielding
computer at terminals

Cables routing to prevent open loop

Jaringan data tanpa shielding yang lengkap

DATA SYSTEM WITH INCOMPLETE SCREENING

incoming
signaling line, screened

PE
L/N
device 1 device 2 incomplete
incoming L/N
room screen
power cable
PE

incoming
signaling line

device 3 device 4
L/N

PE

network (L/N) signal unscreened

network (PE) signal screened

59
Jaringan data dengan shielding yang lengkap
SCREENING OF ROOM
1st step : improving the room screen ; installing a ring bar
2nd step : surface potential equalisation by short-circuit loops
incoming
signaling line, screened

PE
L/N
device 1 device 2 improved
incoming L/N
room screen
power cable
PE
ring bar

incoming
signaling line

device 3 device 4 window with

L/N mesh grid
PE

network (L/N) signal unscreened short circuit loop

network (PE) signal screened

Jaringan data dengan shielding yang lengkap

SCREENING OF ROOM
3rd step : incoming lines

incoming
signaling line, screened

PE
L/N
device 1 device 2 improved
incoming L/N
room screen
power cable
PE
ring bar

incoming
signaling line

device 3 device 4 window with

L/N mesh grid
PE

network (L/N) signal unscreened short circuit loop

protector for energy protector for signal
network (PE) signal screened technical network
technical network

60
 Jaringan data dengan shielding yang lengkap
SCREENING OF ROOM
4th step : treatment of internal signalling lines

incoming
signaling line, screened

PE
L/N
device 1 device 2 improved
incoming L/N
room screen
power cable G G
PE
ring bar

incoming
signaling line

G G G
device 3 device 4 window with
L/N mesh grid
PE

protector for signal

network (L/N) signal unscreened short circuit loop
technical network
protector for energy over voltage protection at
network (PE) signal screened G
technical network the devise input

Contoh proteksi pd komputer dan jaringannya

61
62
63
Contoh proteksi pd komputer dan jaringannya

64
Contoh proteksi pd komputer dan jaringannya

Contoh proteksi pd komputer dan jaringannya

65
Contoh proteksi pada jaringan
telekomunikasi di tower

Contoh proteksi pada komputer dan

jaringannya (Hub)

66
Contoh proteksi pada komputer dan
jaringannya (Hub Protection)

Signal Reference Grounding for Computer

Room

67
 Sistem proteksi pada
sistem telekomunikasi

Sistem proteksi pada sistem

telekomunikasi
 Tower :

Angle of protection

Antenna protection

Grounding
outer ring and PEB

O.B. lights protection
 Radio room :

Incoming coaxial cables and arrester
reduce the coupling resistance

PEB and integrated ground

Central telephones (PABX, PAX) and MDF

Power supply
 Telephones :

Lightning arrester for : MDF, central PABX, modem for computer

Power supply
 TV and video :

Network protection for coaxial and power supply

Antenna to TV and power supply

68
Sistem proteksi pd sistem telekomunikasi (antena & vsat)
vsat)

CSP Coaxial Surge Protectors

69
Sistem proteksi pada sistem telekomunikasi (Bulkhead
)

Sistem proteksi pada sistem telekomunikasi (Server)

70
 Sistem
proteksi pada
sistem tele
komunikasi
(MDF)

Contoh sistem
proteksi pada
sistem
telekomunikasi
(MDF)

71
Common Mistake in Grounding

Original Earthing
Arrangements at a
Satellite Earth Station
Waveguide connected
to tower by antenna

Measured
System Earth
E = 0.9Ω

Inconsistent Integrated
Grounding

72
Bulkhead
bonding
system

Sistem proteksi pada

instrumentasi dan kontrol

73
 Sistem proteksi pada instrumentasi
dan kontrol

Instruments at control room  Fire alarm
◦ Analog  Supply at control room
◦ Digital  Sensors at field
◦ Grounding  Horn at tower or high object

Intrinsically safe (IF) instrument  Compressor control
◦ Supply  Supply of power
◦ Grounding
 Sensors at field

Instruments at field
 Protection of cables coming from field
◦ Sensors
 Protection of cables between sattion
◦ Analog
 Grounding
◦ Flow, temperature, pressure
 Safety ground
 Instrument ground
 IS ground

Proteksi pada instrumentasi (Industri Pulp)

74
Proteksi pada instrumentasi (Fire Alarm)

Contoh proteksi pada instrumentasi (Cont’d)

75
Contoh proteksi pada instrumentasi (Cont’d)

www.dehn.de

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www.dehn.de

www.dehn.de

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www.dehn.de

Bonding

78
Terminal PEB (1)

Terminal PEB (2)

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Lightning Protection System at a Plan

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 Indonesian Lightning
at Lembang- West Jawa

End of Session – 4

Dr. Reynaldo Zoro

Lightning Research Center
Sekolah Teknik Elektro & Informatika
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Alamat : Gd. Kerjasama PLN-ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132,

Tel/Fax 022 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id

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