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Module 3 Lesson 2
Module 3 Lesson 2
Lesson 2 delves into the components of a polygraph instrument, explaining their functions and
how they contribute to the examination process. It covers techniques for administering
polygraph tests effectively, stressing the importance of sensor positioning and calibration for
accurate readings.
Countermeasures:
-They include both physical and mental strategies aimed at concealing verbal deception.
-Anti-countermeasures can be employed by the examiner to deter and identify deceptive tactics.
Mental Countermeasures:
-These involve mental strategies such as rationalization, mental exercises, and hypnosis.
Hypnosis:
-Hypnotically induced amnesia can affect polygraph results, with subjects showing deceptive
responses even under posthypnotic amnesia.
Dissociation:
-Studies show that dissociation from relevant stimuli can decrease detection efficiency during
polygraph tests, indicating manipulation of attention affects test outcomes.
Physical Countermeasures:
-These involve deliberate manipulation of body parts to affect physiological data recorded during
the polygraph examination.
-Anti-countermeasures like motion detection chairs can aid in identifying and preventing
physical countermeasures.
Pharmaceutical Countermeasures:
-Some drugs may impact test accuracy, while others may not have a significant effect.
-Studies show mixed results regarding the influence of drugs on polygraph outcomes.
Alcohol:
Accuracy of Polygraph:
-Research on the validity and reliability of polygraph tests indicates high accuracy rates in
criminal cases.
-Validity and reliability depend on both instrument measurements and examiner interpretation.
-Criticisms of polygraph accuracy often stem from misinterpretation of inconclusive results and
misunderstandings of polygraph procedures.
-Despite controversies, research suggests that psychopathic individuals can still be detected
through physiological reactions during polygraph tests.
-Some critics dismiss polygraph testing as inaccurate, referring to it as a "voodoo science" and
claiming it measures stress rather than lies.
-Proponents argue that with proper training and experience, polygraph examiners can
accurately detect deceptive behavior.
-Specific procedures and anti-countermeasures employed by skilled examiners can mitigate the
impact of anxiety and stress on test results.