Engine Smoky

1 Study the picture. Answer the questions

1) What is your opinion about the cause of the smoke?
2) Does it indicate any trouble or emergency?

Vocabulary

2 Complete the sentences using the words given below

a glow plug is a heating device used to aid in starting diesel engines

a plume is a tall thin mass of smoke , dust or similar substance that rises up into the
air
a blowby is an escape of exhaust gas blowing by the piston - cylinder seal into the
crankcase.
a culprit is a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening
overfueling is the usage of too much fuel

1) All 4 stroke direct injection engines are equipped with standard ___________________for
optimum cold weather performance.
2) A black ____________________ of smoke rose from the ship.
3) _______________ has a direct impact on the life of an engine and makes the combustion
process deviate from design conditions which lowers fuel efficiency.
4) The ____________was identified as the cause of the water contamination.
5) Constant ____________can lead to the engine trouble.

3 Match the words to get word combinations

1 piston ring A plume
2 chronic B glow plug
3 black smoke C culprit
4 preheating D overfueling
5 dangerous E blow by
1 2 3 4 5

4 Complete the sentences

1) Black __________________________________________________________________
2) _______________overfueling_______________________________________________
3) _______________________________________________________________preheating.
4) A blow by_______________________________________________________________
5) _______plume ___________________________________________________________
Reading

5 Answer the questions

1) What parts of diesel engine can be damaged to be the cause of engine smoky?
2) What do you know about the kinds of engine smokes?

6 Read the text and fill in the table. Exchange information with the partners.

White Smoke
White smoke from a marine diesel engine can have general causes: overcooling, whereby the
cylinder head and combustion chambers operate at a temperature that’s too low for proper
combustion; and piston-ring blowby, which indicates low compression and poor combustion.
White smoke represents atomized fuel, very small droplets of fuel that form a fog of sorts. It’s
common and quite normal, to see this when a cold engine is started and until it warms up. If,
however, a preheat device such as glow plugs or an air-intake heater are malfunctioning, the
production of white smoke may be excessive and longer lasting. In extreme cases, the engine
may be difficult or impossible to start.
Other causes of white smoke are poorly adjusted valves or worn valve seats, a partially activated
decompression lever, a blown head gasket, or a cracked cylinder head or cylinder liner.
Black Smoke
This indicates the presence of unburned or partially burned fuel. The most common cause for
this is overloading, sometimes referred to as overfueling because more fuel is fed into the engine
than it can efficiently burn. A constant plume of black while running under heavy load, or even
at ordinary cruising rpm, is evidence of chronic overfueling, typically caused by a propeller with
too much pitch or too great a diameter. Worn, carbon-encrusted, or malfunctioning injectors or a
clogged or wet air filter may also be to blame for black smoke.
Blue Smoke
This, on the other hand, is typically created when crankcase oil is burned in the engine’s
combustion chambers, possibly causing carbon buildup there. Worn valve stems or guides (stems
are the thin shafts on exhaust and intake valves; guides are the tubes in which they move) can let
oil sneak past to mix with the fuel. Because oil is a much heavier distillate than diesel, it doesn't
burn completely, which results in carbon formation and blue smoke. Determining which culprit
has produced the blue smoke — the valve stems and guides, or the piston rings — calls for a
cylinder differential leak-down test, a procedure that can be performed by a diesel mechanic. It
requires compressed air, so it’s typically carried out at a boatyard.

Kind of smoke Causes Malfunctioned diesel engine

parts

White smoke

Blue Smoke
 Black Smoke

7 Answer the questions.

1) What types of smokes do you know?

__________________________________________________________________________
2) What engine parts can be the most sensitive for smokes in operation?
__________________________________________________________________________
3) What devices should be checked to prevent engine smokes?
__________________________________________________________________________
4) What should you do when you discover engine smoke?
__________________________________________________________________________

8 Choose what smokes can be caused by WS (White Smoke), BlS (Blue Smoke), BS (Black
Smoke). Prove your opinion.
_____ Water in fuel or combustion chamber.
_____ Too much lubricating oil.
_____ Leaks past piston rings.
_____ Piston rings are gummed up or worn out
_____ Too low compression pressure.
_____ Fuel injection advance angle is incorrect.
_____ Engine is overloaded.
_____ Uneven fuel deliveries to cylinders. – Adjust pumping element deliveries.
_____ Injector is faulty (low fuel injection pressure fuel dribble, needle valve sticking).
_____ Compression in cylinders is low
_____ Oil level in sump is higher than upper mark on oil dipstick
_____ Timing gears are improperly set after repair.
_____ Excessive clearances between pistons and cylinder liners.

Speaking

9 Make a summary about the engine smokes using the plan:

- kinds of smokes
- diesel engine parts malfunctions
- solutions of the troubles