Group:731i .

Topic: Azerbaijan during the WW1.

Student: Gahraman Mammadov.

Teacher: Ph.D. Xosqadam Qarayeva.

Assesment
 Azerbaijan during the First World War (1914-1918)

38 countries were involved in the First World War that started in 1914. Although all the
leading states of the world that participated in the war - Germany, Britain, France,
Austria-Hungary, Russia, each of the imperialist states had their own economic and
political interests in this war, Germany, which was more eager to redistribute the world,
was the main state that started World War I. it happened

Azerbaijan is in the invasion plans of the great powers of the world. At the beginning of
the 20th century, Germany, which was dissatisfied with the division of the world into
economic and political spheres of influence by the imperialist states and tried to seize
more territory, carried out its invasion plans in the Near and Middle East and intended
to attack the British positions in this region and take the Caucasus from Russia.
Azerbaijan occupied an important place in Germany's war plans, and Baku oil was at
the center of Germany's Caucasian policy.

In general, the Caucasus, especially Azerbaijan, occupied an important place in the

invasion plans of each of the big states that entered the stage of monopoly capitalism
and began to fight for the division of the world according to their sphere of economic
influence. Every major capitalist country fighting for oil, the most important strategic
product of the 20th century, and for a dominant position in the Azerbaijani oil industry,
had plans for Azerbaijan.

The Caucasus, especially Azerbaijan, played an important role in Germany's struggle

for hegemony in the East. The main goal of Germany was to separate Azerbaijan, one of
the most important regions of the Caucasus, from Russia, and turn it into a buffer state
between the warring parties and take control of Baku oil. Germany chose Turkey as its
ally in this case.
England, in turn, fought for Baku oil and tried to prevent German capital from
penetrating the Baku oil industry.

For Russia, of course, Azerbaijan, especially the wealth from Baku oil, was of great
importance, and it did not want to lose this wealth. Whether it was Tsarist Russia,
Provisional Government, or Soviet Russia, Russia never intended to give up Baku oil.
The Russian economy, which reached the point of collapse under the influence of
World War I and the Bolshevik uprisings, could regain strength only with Baku oil.

There were historical, cultural and religious relations between Ottoman Turkey and
Azerbaijan, which went back to ancient times. The geographical environment of the
region was also suitable for establishing favorable socio-economic relations. One of
the main goals of Turkey in this war was to save Azerbaijan from Russian slavery and
create a buffer state between Russia and Turkey. The Caucasus was of great
importance for the Ottoman state from an ethnic, historical, cultural and economic
point of view, as well as from a strategic point of view.

The state of the Azerbaijani industry during the war years.

The transformation of Transcaucasia first into a field of military operations, and then
into a frontline region, had a significant impact on the economic life of the region. The
supply of food to the region, whose relations with Central Russia were broken, became
much more complicated. The situation was further aggravated by the sharp drop in the
price of oil as a result of the closure of the Black Sea ports and the cessation of the
export of oil products.

Azerbaijan's industry, which became a frontline region, felt the devastating impact of
the war more strongly than other rear regions of Russia. The war disrupted the
circulation of goods, transportation, limited the import of industrial raw materials and
equipment. Both industrial regions of Russia and separate parts of Transcaucasia were
cut off.

World War I required tsarist Russia to rebuild its economy and shift the economic
center of gravity to the defense industry. However, although Russia tried for the first
time to plan and manage the economic life of the country, i.e. the state regulation of the
economy, which was applied in the economic policy of many states during the war, it
could not prevent the bourgeoisie from transferring their enterprises to the production
of military products in order to profit from the war.

Of course, meeting the oil demand during the war years was a first-class duty. In July
1915, the special meeting on Defense considered the oil industry as a state important
field. The issue of processing explosives (toluene, benzene) as well as oils, aviation
gasoline and other products from oil had a special place. The government allocated 1
mln. for the construction of oil refineries and equipment. Man. allocated money. Oil
industrialists started building high-energy plants. Already at the beginning of 1916, the
"Nobel brothers" company built the first toluene plant with a monthly production
capacity of 5-6 thousand pounds.

However, in this period, in connection with wartime conditions in the oil industry, the
required equipment was not delivered on time, disruption of transportation, etc. there
were a number of problems. Due to this, oil production has decreased significantly. The
government bought all the oil produced during the war. Azerbaijani oil industrialists
took advantage of this situation and increased the price of oil during the war years and
limited its production to ensure that prices remained high.

As a result of the deterioration of equipment provision of the oil refining area, technical
backwardness was observed in this area. As a result, not all of the extracted oil could
be processed. In 1917, it was possible to process only a little more than half of the
extracted oil.

During the war, many enterprises fulfilled military orders issued by the state. For
example, from the beginning of 1915, the plant of the Baku military-industrial
committee producing cast iron shells, fugas grenades and mines, the gasoline
production plant of the "Nobel brothers" company, as well as the joint-stock company
of Z. Taghiyev, which produced cloth and canvas, primarily supplied the front with
necessary goods. were included among the enterprises. However, despite these
measures, the efforts of the tsarist government to regulate the economy by the state, to
create a strong military economy, and to prevent inflation did not materialize. This led to
the crisis of the most important sectors of the economy.

The general economic disorganization was also manifested in other economic sectors
of Azerbaijan. Mining, sericulture, etc. decline was also observed in industrial fields.
Extraction of copper ore in Gadabey in 1913 was 1.8 mln. from pood in 1914 to 892.2
thousand poods, and in 1915 to 105 thousand poods, and copper processing
decreased from 49.7 thousand poods to 2.5 thousand poods in this period. The
sericulture factories of Nukha and Shusha were not working because more than half of
the cocoons were missing. Many other areas also continued to be restricted. The
production of cotton cloth decreased. In 1917, the production capacity of the tobacco
factories of Azerbaijan was only 30%. Indicators in the fishing industry also decreased.
Compared to 1910-1912, it decreased from 11.6 thousand poods to 7.2 thousand
poods.

Agriculture. During the war, the backwardness in agriculture was also observed. Both
agriculture and animal husbandry were significantly reduced, cotton cultivation areas
were substantially reduced, horticulture and viticulture declined. Depriving the
Azerbaijani village of labor force, draft animals, labor tools, seeds, and food to a large
extent during the war, and cutting off relations with Russia and foreign markets caused
a serious economic crisis in the Azerbaijani village. Grain crops decreased by 42% in
just 1 year (1914-1915), grain fields decreased by 70% in Yelizavetpol governorate
compared to 1913, and by 80% in Shusha district.

Animal husbandry was also in a difficult situation. If in 1913, 43% of large-horned cattle,
45% of short-horned cattle, and 51% of horses in the Transcaucasia belonged to
Azerbaijan, then in 1916, these indicators were as follows. : 29%, 30%, 44%.

Food prices were also rising rapidly. Compared to 1914, the price of bread in 1916
increased by 226%, and in 1917 by 300%. In 1916, the price of grain increased 7-8 times
compared to the period before the war.

Caucasian front. Along with the main fronts created in Europe during the First World
War, the Eastern and Caucasian fronts were also opened. The Caucasian front
stretched from Batum to Lake Urmiya in South Azerbaijan. Turkey attached great
importance to the Caucasian front. Anvar Pasha led the operations of the Turkish
troops on the Caucasus front. Enver Pasha believed that the weakened power of
Ottoman Turkey would become a powerful state again as a result of World War I. His
most sacred wish was to save the Caucasian and Central Asian Turks from Russian
slavery. His main ideal was the unity of the Muslims of the world along with "Turanism"
and the strengthening of relations between them. Enver Pasha saw the Caucasian front
as a source of salvation not only for Azerbaijani Turks, but for all Caucasian Muslims. Its
main goal was to establish an Islamic state in the Caucasus and protect the Caucasian
Turks by creating a buffer state between Turkey and Russia.

Thus, on October 31, 1914, military operations began on the Caucasus front, and
Turkish troops successfully entered the Caucasus from Kars and Batum. Encouraged
by the victory he won in the battles against the Russian army that lasted until November
17, Enver Pasha smashed the Russian army in the direction of Sarigamysh. decided to
capture Kars.

However, severe winter conditions, lack of equipment for the soldiers, too short
preparation stage for the battle, etc. due to reasons, the Turks were defeated in the
Sarıgamyş province and on January 2, 1915, Enver Pasha had to return to Erzurum.
Thus, the first stage of Anwar Pasha's Turanism movement on the Caucasus front
ended in failure.

Since October 1916, as a result of domestic problems in Russia: instability, food

shortages, high prices, and speculation, anti-government demonstrations began in the
capital Petrograd and other cities. Such a crisis situation affected Russia's war
situation, as well as the Caucasus front. In the winter of 1917, the Russian army lost
100,000 soldiers to disease and starvation. Taking advantage of such anarchy, the
Bolsheviks staged a coup d'état in Russia. After that, it was impossible to prevent
anarchy in the Russian army. In December 1917, 200 Russian soldiers on the
Caucasian front deserted. Only 40,000 soldiers remained at the front. When the
Russian forces retreated from the front due to the influence of the revolution, the
Turkish troops attacked and began to liberate their lands one after the other from
occupation. The successes of the Turkish army, which completely freed Eastern
Anatolia and the Black Sea region from the enemy, prompted Enver Pasha to complete
his unfinished trip to the Caucasus in 1914.

February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Petrograd. Overthrow of tsarism.

Heavy war conditions led to the overthrow of Tsarism in Russia. The revolution that
started in Petrograd on February 28, 1917 resulted in the State Duma opposing the
tsarist government, establishing a Provisional government and overthrowing the tsar.
Thus, the 304-year-old Romanov dynasty, as well as the Russian monarchy, came to an
end. Power passed to the Provisional Government until the establishment of the
Constituent Assembly by democratic election method.

The first task of the new regime was to remove the religious and national restrictions of
all Russian citizens. Later, it was decided to create a management system that would
give the representatives of the local people more say in the non-Russian ethnic regions.
On March 9, the Transcaucasia Special Committee was established for the
administration of the Caucasus provinces. This committee would be composed of
representatives representing the national groups of the region. Y.M. Jafarov was
supposed to represent Azerbaijan. However, from the first period of its activity, the
Committee could not gain the trust of the people and was canceled by political
organizations.

After the February revolution, the political organizations in Eastern Transcaucasia were
concentrated in 2 main groups: Group I included the left-wing social-democrats,
dominated by Russians, and the Soviets, dominated by social-revolutionaries. The
Bolshevik Shaumyan was able to be elected the head of the Baku Soviet, which was the
center of attention among the Soviets, despite the fact that only 9 of its 52 members
were Bolsheviks.

The second group of political organizations mainly belonged to the national

associations of Azerbaijan. All these organizations, in turn, were concentrated in the
Union of Societies of the Muslim Population. The chairman of the association was
Topchubashov, and the chairman of the management committee was M.N. Hajinsky.

A few days after the overthrow of the monarchical regime in Russia, the "Turk Adam-i
Centralist Party" was established in Ganja. This party promoted the idea of a federal
state structure based on the independence of nations in Russia. Therefore, the founder
of this organization called federalists was N. Yusifbeyov, son-in-law of Gasprinsky, one
of the leaders of the ideology of Turkism. Rustambayov, D. Aghaza, Khasmammadov
brothers were among the leaders of the revolution.

One of the national parties operating in this period was the "Hummat" organization,
which was re-entered the political arena with a more Marxist character than it was 10
years ago. However, since "Musavat" became a more influential organization during this
period, "Hummet" was not able to establish a strong support among the masses. The
"Hummet" organization, which fell under the influence of the RSDFP and was affected
by the division of the Social-Democrats into the Menshevik and Bolshevik wings in
1917, was also subjected to such a parallel division; Narimanov's supporters formed
the Bolshevik group in Baku, A. Abilov, S. Agamalioglu, A. Garayev and others. and they
created the Menshevik group in Tbilisi. However, even though the Hummatists were
divided, they were represented as a single party at the Caucasian Muslim Congress
held in December 1917.

In the new conditions created by the February revolution, the Congress of Caucasian
Muslims, which lasted from April 15 to 20, gathered in Baku. The idea of creating a
federal republic in Russia was proposed at the congress. However, there was a
difference of opinion on this issue; The left-wing socialists insisted on uniting with
Russia, while the right-wing ones evaluated this issue from the standpoint of pro-
Islamist ideas and acted as a supporter of Muslim unity.

Thus, during the Russian revolution of 1905, the differences of opinion between the
Muslim leaders of Russia were more sharply revealed in the spring of 1917. These
differences deepened at the next All-Russian Muslim Congress held in Moscow on May
1, 1917. M. Rasulzadeh, the leader of the supporters of ethnic and regional
geographical separation at the congress, saw the way out not in terms of religion, but in
uniting in terms of the same roots, that is, in the unity of the Turkish peoples, "First Turk,
then Muslim!" recommended to act according to the principle. As a result, the congress
ended with the victory of the supporters of independence and with a majority of 446
votes against 271 votes, it accepted the request of Russia to "return to a democratic
republic based on a geographical-federal basis". The congress also adopted 2
decisions regarding minorities: 1. Granting cultural autonomy to Muslims living in
Russian regions; 2. To create a competent Muslim administration to ensure the
religious and cultural life of Muslims throughout Russia.

Establishment of Muslim military units.

On May 1, 1917, the All-Russian Congress of Muslims accepted a request to the

Provisional Government for permission to establish Muslim military units.

Czarist Russia was always suspicious of the loyalty of the Turks, which it enslaved, to
the Russians, therefore it deliberately hindered their progress in the cultural, scientific,
economic, as well as military fields. Turkish sons were not called up for military service,
they were kept away from military service for years by not being given weapons, and the
development of Turks in this field was prevented.

As in the military field, the Turks were removed as much as possible from the state
administration. It is very rare to find a Turk who is a lieutenant colonel and works in the
Ministry of Defense. The highest position held by the Turks was the governor. In
contrast, Armenians and Georgians were recruited into military service and developed
their skills in this field. Many officers and generals who served in the Russian army grew
up from them.Although the tsar's government did not call Muslims to the army, many
Azerbaijanis volunteered for military service. During World War I, more than 200
Azerbaijani officers fought on the front lines. The famous generals S. Mehman-darov, A.
Shikhlinski, H. Nakhchivanski, the first Azerbaijani pilot lieutenant F. Gayibov, who was
awarded for his bravery in battles, were among them.

The leaders of Azerbaijan always considered the tsarist regime's policy of enlisting
Azerbaijanis as the greatest injustice against them. Therefore, after the fall of the tsar,
the Caucasian Turks took the initiative to establish their own military units in order to
overcome the backwardness of their Christian neighbors, who received military
training, and applied to the Provisional Government for permission to establish Muslim
military units on behalf of All-Russian Muslims. Kerensky's government did not
welcome Muslim aspirations in this direction. However, despite this, Azerbaijani
military units had already started to be established. The core of the Muslim national
units was the "Caucasus Foreign Cavalry Division" brought from Petrograd and
commanded by Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski. This unit, which the Russians insultingly
called the "Wild Division" because it was made up of Muslims, was the largest Muslim
military unit. The "Tatar Cavalry Regiment" organized in Shusha was included in this
division.

Thus, in February 1917, after the victory of the bourgeois-democratic revolution in

tsarist Russia, which was the "prison of the peoples", the political processes in
Transcaucasia were unfolding with a unique development. However, during this period,
neither the Special Committee (OZAKOM) nor the Transcaucasia Commissariat
(Zakafkom) were able to stabilize the current political situation.

Southern Azerbaijan during the Mashruta revolution in 1905-1911. Sattarkhan

The revolutionary events that started in Russia in 1905 and had a direct impact on the
political environment of neighboring Iran strengthened the rise of excitement and the
political sharpness of protests in the country, created the conditions for the start of the
revolution. The functioning of political assemblies in Tabriz was closely related to the
creation and development of new centers of education and culture. In 1897, the
newspaper "Alhadid" was published under the editorship of Seyid Huseyn Khan Adalat,
one of the prominent intellectuals of Tabriz. In 1900, a group of enlightened
intellectuals gathered in Tabriz and organized the "Azerbaijan Educational Council".
Protests started in Tabriz against absolutism, its prime minister Aminussultan Atabay
and Belchikalir spread to other cities of Iran.

In 1903, the prime minister was leaving power. Eynaddovla, a representative of the
Qajar dynasty, became the prime minister. However, there was no change in the
country's situation. Dissatisfaction was growing among the population.

From December 13, 1905, thousands of people gathered in the mosque under the
leadership of Seyid Bahbahani and Seyid Muhammad Tolabati, led by Shahabdulazim. A
little later, with the participation of prominent members of the Revolutionary
Committee, they created a leadership center called "Havzeyi-Islami" or "Anjumani-
Islami". After the establishment of this conference, the clergy held large and crowded
meetings and called for the fight against totalitarianism. On August 19, leaders of the
movement, state ministers, three thousand people from different classes and strata of
the population gathered and solemnly announced the establishment of a council. On
September 9, after the signing of the election charter by the Shah, parliamentary
elections began in Tehran. When the dictatorship wanted to cancel the constitutional
decree, other provinces actively joined the revolution.

1905-1911 When the Mashruta Revolution began, it was important to create a strong
political organization in Tabriz and throughout Azerbaijan in order to raise the masses
against absolutism, to give the right direction to the movement, and to carry out the
leadership work in its course. Organizers and all members of the secret political
societies and groups that laid the foundation of the social-democratic organization in
Tabriz united around the "Secret Center" during the revolutionary period of 1905-1911
and showed unparalleled sacrifice.

The Tabriz social-democratic organization and the Azerbaijan provincial council called
and encouraged the population to buy weapons and undergo military training starting in
early 1907. As a result of the protest and pressure of the democratic councils and
militant masses, the counter-revolution was forced to compromise and accept the
demands of the Azerbaijan provincial council. However, on July 23, 1908, the Shah's
government attacked the democratic forces, and more than 300 constitutionalists were
killed. In many provinces, the reaction prevailed over the democratic forces.

Counter-revolution Before the revolution of June 23, 1908, a counter-revolutionary

movement had started in the provinces of South Azerbaijan. The "Islami-ya" council
headed by Mir Hashim had turned into a counter-revolutionary center. The Mujahideen
of Sattarkhan liberated the building of the provincial council, which was seized by the
counter-revolution, but on the order of the Shah, additional forces were sent to Tabriz
on July 8. On July 19, under the leadership of Bagirkhan, Mujahideen attacked the north
and cleared it of counter-revolution. On July 18, with the participation of the heads of
social-democratic organizations, Sattarkhan, the gangs knocked down the white flags
from all the roofs, gates and mosques in the central part of the city, replacing them with
flags indicating the continuation of the revolutionary movement.

The Tabriz social-democratic organization created a "military council" and assigned the
military organization of political forces and order and discipline work to this council. In
the second half of October 1908, a new era began in the struggle of the people of
Azerbaijan.

In addition to the leadership of all the armed forces of the revolution in Tabriz by the
military council, the council of truth united the devotees of Amirgiz and its surrounding
neighborhoods under the leadership of Sattarkhan, and the council of "Power" united
the devotees of Khiyabani and its surrounding neighborhoods under the leadership of
Bagirkhan. However, Mahamadali Shah continued to gather armed forces from all
provinces and provinces of Iran and send them to Tabriz.

England and tsarism, which tried to use the events for imperialist and occupation
policies, the famine in Tabriz, the restoration of the constitution by the Council in
negotiations under the name of creating "peace" between the palace and the
revolutionaries, not taking away the weapons of those who participated in the
movement, not persecuting those who joined the movement, removing the state troops
from the vicinity of Tabriz and He put forward five conditions for the appointment of the
governor of Azerbaijan with the consent of the people. On the contrary, he agreed to the
terms. The goal of the revolt was to gain time and capture Tabriz by starvation.

At the end of 1909, the tsarist government sent troops to Tabriz and other provinces of
Azerbaijan, Although the fighting against the shah's troops was stopped, it created
conditions for the revolutionaries to become more active in Gilan and Isfahan, to march
on Tehran and free them from the counter-revolution. "Ali majlis" announced that
Mehmedali shah was overthrown and his 14-year-old son Sultan Ahmad was declared
king.

The fighting forces of different classes and strata, which participated in the restoration
of the constitution, separated from each other against the next victories against the
absolutism. Revolutionary intellectuals created the Iranian Democratic Party on
November 15, 1909 and began to gather the militant masses around the party.

The Tabriz social-democratic organization continued its political and organizational

activities even after the restoration of the constitution. The Azerbaijan provincial
council and all revolutionary public organizations were led by the Tabriz social-
democratic organization. The Tehran government was trying to disarm the revolutionary
forces in South Azerbaijan and move them away from Tabriz.

In 1910, Sattarkhan protested against the invitation to Tehran, but on April 15, he
accepted the offer and went to Tehran. On July 7, 1910, the Sanehdar government
resigned. A raid was organized against the Mujahideen in Sattarkhan and its
surroundings. 18 people died and 40 people were injured, including Sattarkhan. About
300 devotees were arrested. With that, the last ditch of the revolution was destroyed.

The political situation in the country became tense again when England and tsarism
made it possible for the former Shah Mohammadali to return to Iran in July 1911. On
August 24, 1911, counter-revolutionary forces attacked Tabriz. The battles lasted from
December 20 to 26. The Provincial Council and the leaders of the movement stopped
the fight, considering the unequal strength of the forces.

The city was captured by the tsar's troops. In the first months of 1912, as a result of the
intervention of the armed forces of Britain and the Tsarist army, the revolutionary
centers of Iran were also destroyed, and the revolutionaries were arrested.

Thus, the events that took place in Transcaucasia at the end of 1917-beginning of 1918
had a serious impact on both the existing political conditions and the activities of
political parties in the whole country. During this period, the country was conventionally
divided into two parts: first, the city of Baku, which was becoming a pillar of Russian
Bolshevism; second, the rest of Transcaucasia. The Bolsheviks, who had seized power,
did not take any steps towards granting autonomy to Azerbaijan, on the contrary, they
called on the revolutionary-democratic forces to unite more closely around the Soviet
of People's Commissars headed by Lenin.

On December 18, 1917, Lenin appointed S.Shaumyan as a special commissar for

Transcaucasian affairs, and P.Chaparidze took the post of chairman of the Baku Soviet
after him. During this period, the musavatists, especially the Ganja musavatists, began
to move their place of activity in Baku to the entire South Caucasus region, which was
increasingly distant from Russia. The representatives of the Georgian Social
Democratic Party (Mensheviks), "Musavat", "Dashnaksutun" and right-wing workers,
who did not want to obey the RSFSR and tried to protect the country from anarchy, said
at a meeting held in Tbilisi on November 11 that they refused to recognize the power of
the Russian Bolshevik government. , decided to create "Independent Transcaucasia
Government".

At the end of 1917, one of the most significant events in the political life of Azerbaijan
and Transcaucasia in general was the holding of elections to the All-Russian
Constituent Assembly. Preparations for it were started even before the October coup,
and the Central Transcaucasian Commission for Constituent Assembly elections was
established under the Special Transcaucasian Committee. The commission on
elections to the Assembly of Constituents of Azerbaijan was headed by F.Khoyski.
There were many difficulties in preparing for and holding the elections, both political
(differences between political parties that became apparent during the pre-election
campaign) and purely technical.
 Establishment of the Azerbaijan People's Republic.

After Georgia declared independence from the Transcaucasian Federation on May 26,
1918, the Muslim faction of the Transcaucasian Seym declared itself the Provisional
National Council of Azerbaijan the next day in Tbilisi. On May 28, 1918, this Council, of
which M.A. Rasulzade was elected as the chairman, announced the establishment of
the independent Azerbaijan People's Republic. In the historical document adopted at
that meeting of the Provisional National Council - the Declaration of Independence, it
was stated that:

1. From today, the people of Azerbaijan are the bearers of sovereign rights, and
Azerbaijan, which covers the East and South of Transcaucasia, is a full-fledged
independent state;

2. A democratic republic is defined as the form of political structure of independent

Azerbaijan;

3. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic strives to establish friendly neighborly relations

with all countries of the world, especially with neighboring nations and states;

4. Guarantees the political and civil rights of all its citizens within the borders of the
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, regardless of their nationality, religious affiliation,
social status and gender;
5. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic will create opportunities for the free
development of all peoples settled in its territory;

6. Until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, all of Azerbaijan is headed by the
National Council elected by voting and the Provisional Government responsible to the
National Council.

After the adoption of the "Declaration of Independence", the Provisional National

Council entrusted Fatali Khan Khoyski with the organization of the Cabinet of Ministers.
On the same day, the National Council approved the following composition of the first
government cabinet of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic:

- Prime Minister and Minister of Internal Affairs - Fatali Khan Khoyski (absent);

- Minister of Finance and Minister of Public Education - Nasib Bey Usubbeyov

("Musavat");

- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Mahammadhasan Hajinski ("Musavat");

- Minister of Roads and Minister of Posts and Telegraphs - Khudadat bey Melikaslanov
("Musavat");

- Minister of Justice - Khalil Bey Khasmammadov ("Musavat");

- Minister of Agriculture and Property - Sheikhulislamov ("Hummat");

- Military Minister - Khosrovpasha bey Sultanov ("Union");

- Minister of Trade and Industry - Mammadyusif Jafarov (abstention);

- Minister of State Control – Shamo bey Hajinsky (socialist)

The political intelligence of prominent representatives of the national-democratic

forces of Azerbaijan, taking into account all the wishes and desires of the people,
announced to the whole world that a secular and democratic state of Azerbaijan was
created in the east of the Caucasus and Sanubun.