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Makalah Model
Pembelajaran Pribadi

Uploaded by Rafi Ramdani

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ADLDCDJ

]nstfa Rfikdgdrdi ]fmdrd Rrnhd`n

@nsusui uitul afafiujn tukds

Ao`fc Rfahfcdgdrdi RGLX

@osfi pfikdapu7 Oadi Jd`ndid, A.R`

Ocfj7

Xd`jni Anetdj ]jn``nq (82888=246)

Jdine Djad` I (82488=2=4)

^dyd ]urydid (82488=28;)

LFCD] 0H

GVXV]DI RFI@N@NLDI GD]ADIN LF]FJDPDI @DI

XFLXFDL]N

]FLOCDJ PNIKKN LFKVXVDI @DI NCAV RFI@N@NLDI

(]PLNR) AVJDAAD@N^DJ LVINIKDI

8288

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LDPD RFIKDIPDX

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Dssdcdau„dcdnlua wdrdjadtuccdjn wdhdrdldtuj

]fkdcd pugn hdkn Dccdj ][P ydik tfcdj afahfrnldi pfiucns lfau`djdi `dcda

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afiyfcfsdnldi cdpordi tfpdt wdltu. Pdipd rdjadt `di pfrtocoikdi-Iyd, pfiucns tn`dl dldi
adapu afiyfcfsdnldi adldcdj nin `fikdi hdnl. Pn`dl cupd sjdcdwdt sfrtd sdcda
tfrmurdjldi lfpd`d Idhn dkuik Aujdaad` ]D[ ydik syded„dtiyd lntd iditnldi lfcdl.

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Rfiucns afikumdpldi syulur lfpd`d Dccdj ][P dtds cnapdjdi inladt sfjdt-Iyd, sfjnikkd
adldcdj tfitdik snstfa pfikdgdrdi sfmdrd prnhd`n. Cdpordi nin `nsusui kuid afafiujn tukds
adtd lucndj ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi RGLX. Rfiucns adldcdj nin `dpdt afigd`n rfefrfisn hdkn
adsydrdldt dkdr tftdp afigd`n pfikdgdr ydik hdnl.

OR
Rfiucns afiyd`drn adldcdj nin adsnj pfrcu hdiydl pfiyfapuriddi ldrfid lfsdcdjdi `di
lflurdikdi. Rfiucns tfrhuld tfrjd`dp lrntnl `di sdrdi pfahdmd dkdr adldcdj nin `dpdt cfhnj
hdnl. Dpdhncd tfr`dpdt hdiydl lfsdcdjdi pd`d adldcdj nin, hdnl tfrldnt pfiucnsdi adupui
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loitfi, pfiucns afaojoi adde.

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@fanlndi ydik `dpdt pfiucns sdapdnldi. Dljnr ldtd, sfaokd adldcdj nin `dpdt hfradieddt.
[dssdcdau„dcdnlua wdrdjadtuccdjn wdhdrdldtuj

Luinikdi, > Efhrudrn 8288

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Rfiucns

nn

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@DEPDX N]N

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LDPD RFIKDIPDX...........................................................................................................................nn

DH]PXDL...........................................................................................................................................nnn

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HDH 4........................................................................................................................................ ...... ..... 6

RFI@DJVCVDI.................................................................................................................................6

4.4. CDPDX HFCDLDIK...........................................................................................................6

4.8. XVAV]DI AD]DCDJ.......................................................................................................5

4.=. Upload to Download

PVGVDI................................................................................................................................5

HDH NN................................................................................................................................................. .. ;

RFAHDJD]DI............................................................................................................... ...... ....... ....... ;

8.4. PVIPVPDI RXOEF]NOIDC ]FOXDIK KVXV..............................................................;

8.8.
OR
@FENIN]N RXOEF]N..............................................................................................................:

8.=. RXOEF]NOIDC, RXOEF]]NOIDCN]AF, RXOEF]NOIDCN]D]N....................................42

8.0. AVCPNRFXDI KVXV RFI@N@NLDI GD]ADIN............................................................44

HDH NNN................................................................................................................................................ 4=
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RFIVPVR...........................................................................................................................................4=

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=.4. LF]NARVCDI ...................................................................................................................4=

@DEPDX RV]PDLD..........................................................................................................................40

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nnn

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HDH 4

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RFI@DJVCVDI

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4.4. CDPDX HFCDLDIK
Rfahfcdgdrdi pd`d jdlnldtiyd afrupdldi sudtu prosfs nitfrdlsn ditdrd kuru `di pfsfrtd
`n`nl, hdnl nitfrdlsn sfmdrd cdiksuik sfpfrtn lfkndtdi tdtdp auld adupui sfmdrd tn`dl

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cdiksuik, ydntu `fikdi afikkuidldi hfrhdkdn af`nd pfahfcdgdrdi. @n`dsdrn ocfj d`diyd
pfrhf`ddi nitfrdlsn tfrsfhut, lfkndtdi pfahfcdgdrdi `dpdt `ncdluldi `fikdi afikkuidldi
hfrhdkdn ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi. Ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi afrupdldi pf`oadi hdkn kuru `di aurn`
`dcda pfcdlsdidi prosfs hfcdgdr-afikdgdr, ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi d`dcdj sudtu pfrfimdiddi
ydik `nkuidldi `dcda afiyusui lurnlucua, afikdtur adtfrn pfahfcdgdrdi, `di afahfrn
OR
pftuigul lfpd`d pfikdgdr `n lfcds `dcda sfttnik pfikdgdrdi dtdupui sfttnik cdniiyd. Vitul
`dpdt afcdlsdidldi tukdsiyd `fikdi hdnl, kuru jdrus afikftdjun hdkdnadid ao`fc `di
prosfs pfahfcdgdrdi ntu hfrcdiksuik.

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]fldrdik nin dtdu `n adsd ydik dldi `dtdik, pdrd kuru tn`dl jdiyd sfhdkdn pfikdgdr
(trdisanttfr) `di suahfr nieoradsn, tftdpn nd jdrus aucdn hfrpfrdi sfhdkdn `nrfmtor oe
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cfdrinik, ydntu sfhdkdn pfikfcocd hfcdgdr ydik afaedsncntdsn lfkndtdi hfcdgdr snswd afcdcun
pfadieddtdi `di optnadcnsdsn sfhdkdn suahfr hfcdgdr, hdjldi huldi tn`dl auiklni `n adsd
ydik dldi `dtdik pfrdi af`nd sfhdkdn suahfr nieoradsn utdad `dcda lfkndtdi pfahfcdgdrdi
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(pocd pfahfcdgdrdi hfraf`nd), sfpfrtn jdciyd pfifrdpdi pfahfcdgdrdi hfrhdsns loaputfr `di
nitfrift, `n snin pfrdi kuru jdiyd sfhdkdn edsncntdtor hfcdgdr sdgd. Ocfj ldrfidiyd kuru jdrus
sfiditndsd afik-upkrd`f lfadapudiiyd `dcda hfrniovdsn afikkuidldi hfrhdkdn ao`fc
pfahfcdgdrdi `dcda sftndp lfkndtdi hfcdgdr afikdgdr ydik `ncdlsdidldiiyd.4Gnld `nnhdrdtldi
edsncntdtor ntu hdkdnldi tflo ydik pfiuj dnr, lfau`ndi afiynrdan tdidadi, huldi afiknsn
sfhudj mdiklnr. ]nswd `nsnin `nnhdrdtldi tdidadi sfjnikkd gnld `nsnrdan dnr adld dldi
tuahuj `di hfrlfahdik. ]f`dikldi mdiklnr d`dcdj hfi`d adtn ydik tn`dl hnsd afiyfrdp dnr
uitul tuahuj `di hfrlfahdik. ]nswd huldi hfi`d adtn ldrfid afrfld jn`up `di puiyd
lfjn`updi.8@dcda adldcdj nin dldi `nhdjds ao`fc prnhd`n ( pfrsoidc ao`fcs).

4
]ydneuc ]dkdcd, Loisfp `di Adlid Rfahfcdgdrdi 7 Vitul Afahditu Afafmdjldi Rrohcfadtnld Hfcdgdr `di
Afikdgdr, (Hdi`uik7 Dcedhftd, 8248), jca. 4;=-4;0.
8
Auine Mjdtnh, Kuruiyd Adiusnd7 Afigd`nldi ]faud Didl Nstnafwd `di ]faud Didl Gudrd,(Hdi`uik7
Rfifrhnt Ldned, 8248), jca. ;6.

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4.8. XVAV]DI AD]DCDJ

4. Rfikfrtndi snstfa ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi prnhd`n (pfrsoidc ao`fcs)
8. Rfahdkndi ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi prnhd`n

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=. Lftfrdapncdi afikdgdr fefltne ydik `ntfrdpldi
systfa eor nistrumtnoi)
pd`d R]N (pfrsoidcnzf`

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4.=. PVGVDI

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Hfr`dsdrldi ruausdi adsdcdj `ndtds, adld tugudi `drn adldcdj nin d`dcdj

4. Vtul Afikftdjun `feninsn snstfa ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi prnhd`n

8. Vitul Afikftdjun pfahdkndi ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi prnhd`n
=. Vitul Afadjdan lftfrdapncdi afikdgdr fefltne ydik `ntfrdpldi pd`d R]N
OR

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download full documents.

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HDH NN
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RFAHDJD]DI
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8.4. RFIKFXPNDI ]N]PFA AO@FC RFAHDCDGDXDI RXNHD@N

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Ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi pfrsoidc, afrupdldi ruapui ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi ydik
afifldildi lfpd`d prosfs afikfahdikldi lfprnhd`ndi ni`nvn`u pfsfrtd `n`nl `fikdi
afapfrjdtndi lfjn`updi faosnoidc. Rrosfs pfi`n`nldi sfikdgd `nusdjdldi uitul
afauiklnildi sfsfordik `dpdt afadjdan `nrniyd sfi`nrn `fikdi hdnl, afanluc
OR
tdikkuikgdwdh, `di cfhnj lrfdtne uitul afimdpdn ludcntds jn`up ydik cfhnj hdnl. Ao`fc nin
afausdtldi pfrjdtndi pd`d pdi`dikdi pfrsfordikdi `di hfrusdj afikkdcdlldi
lfadi`nrndi ydik pro`ultne, sfjnikkd adiusnd afigd`n sfadlni sd`dr `nrn `di

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hfrtdikkuikgdwdh dtds tugudiiyd.=
Ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi pfrsoidc afancnln hfhfrdpd tugudi7 Rfrtdad, afiuitui snswd

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uitul afancnln lfludtdi afitdc ydik cfhnj hdnl `di lfsfjdtdi faosn ydik cfhnj afad`dn
`fikdi mdrd afikfahdikldi lfpfrmdyddi `nrn `di pfrdsddi rfdcnstns sfrtd afiuahujldi
fapdtn pd`d ordik cdni. Lf`ud, afinikldtldi proporsn pfi`n`nldi ydik hfrdsdc `drn

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lfhutujdi `di dspnrdsn snswd sfi`nrn, afcnhdtldi sfaud snswd `dcda prosfs afifitulldi dpd
ydik dldi `nlfrgdldiiyd dtdu hdkdnadid mdrd nd afapfcdgdrniyd. Lftnkd, afikfahdikldi
gfins-gfins pfanlnrdi ludcntdtne tfrtfitu, sfpfrtn lrfdtnvntds `di flspfrn prnhd`n. Hfr`dsdrldi
hfhfrdpd tugudi nin, ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi pfrsoidc `dpdt `ntfrdpldi `dcda fapdt mdrd 7
Rfrtdad, ao`fc pfikdgdrdi pfrsoidc hnsd `nkuidldi sfhdkdn ao`fc pfikdgdrdi
uaua, hdjldi uitul afrdimdik sfhudj sflocdj ydik afikd`opsn encosoen tn`dl tfrdrdj
(ioi`nrfmtnvf pjncosopjy) sfhdkdn nitnsdrn pfi`fldtdi `dcda pfikdgdrdi (sfpfrtn ydik
`npdpdrldi ocfj Dspy `di Xofhuml, 4>;=<Ifnc,4>52) dtdu sfhdkdn loapoifi utdad
(Mjdahfrcni `di Mjdahfrcni,4>0=).
Lf`ud, ao`fc nin hnsd `nkuidldi uitul afahuahun (afidahdj rdsd) sudtu
cnikluikdi pfahfcdgdrdiydik `nrdimdik `n tfikdj hfhfrdpd ao`fc cdni. Ansdciyd lntd hnsd

=
]ydneuc ]dkdcd, Loisfp `di Adlid Rfahfcdgdrdi, jca. 4;;.

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afaeolusldi scokdi –afi`fldt `di hfrkdhuikcdj hfrsdad ldan‑ uitul loisfp `nrn snswd.
Lntd pui hnsd hfrpnlnr pdigdik tfitdik mdrd afikfads sfkdcd sfsudtu ydik lntd cdluldi
uitul afadlsnadcldi dikkdpdi posntne snswd tfitdik `nrn afrfld sfi`nrn sfrtd

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afaninadcnsdsn lfljdwdtnrdi gnld pfikdgdrdi lntd tn`dl afimfranildi jdc-jdc adiusndwn
ydik wdgdr pd`d afrfld. @fikdi ldtd cdni, lntd hnsd afikkuidldi ao`fc nin uitul
afahdikui ludcntds sfrtd pfrdsddi prnhd`n snswd sfrtd afimdrn lfsfapdtdi uitul afcnhdtldi
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afrfld `dcda loauinldsn ydik snedtiyd posntne.
Lftnkd, lntd hnsd afikkuidldi jdc-jdc ydik uinl `dcda ao`fc pfikdgdrdi pfrsoidc
uitul afidsnjdtn snswd sddt lntd nikni afahditu afrfld hfcdgdr afigdikldu `uind sfmdrd
utuj, `di `fikdi gdcdi posntne.
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Lffapdt, lntd hnsd afahudt sfhudj lurnlucua dld`fanl uitul pdrd snswd. Afto`f-
afto`f –pfikdcdadi‑`dcda pfikdgdrdi afahdmd, ansdciyd, afikkuidldi mfrntd ydik
`n`nltf `di `nsdapdnldi ocfj snswd sfhdkdn hdjdi nitn sftfcdj afiftdpldi loapftfisn dwdc.

OR
@nkdhuikldi `fikdi ao`fc cdni, ao`fc pfikdgdrdi pfrsoidc `dpdt `nkuidldi uitul
afrdimdik lursus pfahfcdgdrdi adi`nrn, tfradsul gukd prokrda ydik hfrhdsns suahfr `dyd.
Pfsns utdad lfcoapol ao`fc nin d`dcdj updyd uitul afidnldi `frdgdt `di ludcnenldsn
pfahfcdgdr. Pfsns tfrsfhut tfcdj afikdcdan pfrlfahdikdi ydik snkinenldi, cfhnj denradtne,

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`di sfadlni adapu afinikldtldi dltudcnsdsn `nrn ydik gukd hfr`dapdl posntne pd`d
lfadapudi hfcdgdr.0
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Ao`fc pfrsoidc full
nin hfrtntnl tocdl `drn documents.
tforn juadinstnl, ydntu hfrornfitdsn pd`d
pfikfahdikdi ni`nvn`u. Rfrjdtndi utdadiyd pd`d faosnoidc pfsfrtd `n`nl `dcda
afikfahdikldi juhuikdi ydik pro`ultne `fikdi cnikluikdiiyd. Ao`fc nin afigd`nldi
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prnhd`n pfsfrtd `n`nl adapu afahfitul juhuikdi jdraoins sfrtd adapu afaprosfs
nieoradsn sfmdrd fefltne. Poloj juadinstnl d`dcdj Dhrdjda Adscow, X. Xokfrs, M. Hujcfr
`di Drtjur Moah. Afiurut tforn nin, kuru jdrus hfrupdyd afimnptdldi loi`nsn lfcds ydik
loi`usne, dkdr pfsfrtd `n`nl afrdsd hfhds `dcda hfcdgdr afikfahdikldi `nrniyd hdnl
faosnoidc adupui nitfcfltudc. Pforn juadinstnl tnahuc sfhdkdn mdrd uitul afadiusndldi
adiusnd. Rd`d tforn juadinstnl nin, pfi`n`nl sfjdrusiyd hfrpfrdi sfhdkdn pfi`oroik huldi
afidjdi sfisnvntds pfsfrtd `n`nl tfrjd`dp pfrdsddiyd. Napcnldsn tforn nin `dcda pfi`n`nldi
d`dcdj sfhdkdn hfrnlut7
d. Hfrtnikldjcdlu `di hfcdgdr d`dcdj jdsnc pfikdadtdi.
h. Pnikldjcdlu ydik d`d `dpdt `ncdlsdidldi sfldrdik (cfdrinik to `o).

0
Hrumf Goymf, `ll., Ao`fcs oe Pfdmjnik (Fnkjtj F`ntnoi). (Pfrgfadjdi), Dmjad` Edwdn` `di Dttfncd Anrzd,
Ao`fc-ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi, (^okydldrtd7 Rustdld Rfcdgdr, 822>), jca. =56-=55.

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m. ]faud ni`nvn`u afancnln`oroikdi`dsdrtfrjd`dpdltudcnsdsn`nrn.

`. ]fhdkndihfsdrtnikldjcdlu ni`nvn`u d`dcdjjdsnc `drn loisfpsniydsfi`nrn.
f. Afikdgdr d`dcdj pfitnik, tdpn hfcdgdr hdkn pfsfrtd `n`nl d`dcdj cfhnj pfitnik.
e.
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Afikdgdr d`dcdj afahditu ni`nvn`u uitul afikfahdikldi sudtu juhuikdi ydik
pro`ultne `fikdi cnikluikdiiyd `di afadi`dik `nrniyd sfhdkdn prnhd`n ydik mdldp.
Ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi pfrsoidc nin afcnputn strdtfkn pfahfcdgdrdi (afto`f
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pfahfcdgdrdi) sfhdkdn hfrnlut 7
d. Rfahfcdgdrdi ioi-`nrfltne, hfrtugudi uitul afahfitul lfadapudi `di pfrlfahdikdi
prnhd`n (lfsd`drdi `nrn, pfadjdadi `di loisfp `nrn).
h.
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Cdtnjdi lfsd`drdi, hfrtugudi uitul afinikldtldi lfadapudi nitfrpfrsoidc dtdu
lfpf`ucndi snswd.
m. ]niftnl< uitul afikfahdikldi lrfdtnentds prnhd`n `di afafmdjldi adsdcdj sfmdrd
lrfdtne.
`.
OR
]nstfa loisfptudc, uitul afinikldtldi loapcflsntds `dsdr prnhd`n ydik cuwfs.6

8.8. RFAHDKNDI AO@FC RFAHFCDGDXDI RXNHD@N

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d. Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Pn`dl Cdiksuik (Ioi @nrfmtnvf)
4) Rfikfrtndi

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Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Ioi-@nrfmtnvf `n`dsdrldi lfpd`d pfifcntndi `drn Mdrc Xokfr `di pdrd djcn
cdniiyd `drn loisfcnik ioi `nrfltnef. Xokfrs afapfrcudsldi pdi`dikdi loisfcnikiyd sfhdkdn
sudtu ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi hdkn pfi`n`nldi. Hfcndu pfrmdyd hdjwd juhuikdi adiusnd ydik

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posntne dldi afahfrnldi lfsfapdtdi cuds hdkn ni`nvn`u sftndp adiusnd uitul hfrlfahdik.
Ocfj ldrfidiyd, pfikdgdrdi jdrus `n`dsdrldi lfpd`d juhuikdi posntne, huldi `n`dsdrldi
sfadtd-adtd pd`d pfikudsddi adtfrn pfcdgdrdi.
Rfrdidi kuru `dcda ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi nin d`dcdj sfhdkdn edsncntdtor hdkn pfrtuahujdi `di
pfrlfahdikdi pfsfrtd `n`nl. @dcda pfrdidi nin, kuru dldi afahditu pfsfrtd `n`nl uitul
afimdrn n`f-n`f hdru tfitdik lfjn`updiiyd, hdnl ydik hfrldntdi `fikdi sflocdj adupui
`dcda lfjn`updiiyd sfjdrn-jdrn `dcda ldntdiiyd `fikdi juhuikdiiyd `fikdi ordik cdni.
Ao`fc nin hfrdikkdpdi hdjwd pfsfrtd `n`nl pfrcu hfrtdikkuik gdwdh dtds prosfs hfcdgdriyd
`di lfhfrjdsncdiiyd sdikdt hfrkdituik lfpd`d lfniknidi pfsfrtd `n`nl`di kuru uitul
hflfrgdsdad sfmdrd tfrhuld `di hfrloauinldsn sfmdrd gugur `di tfrhuld `fikdi ordik cdni.
8) Rrosf`ur Rfahfcdgdrdi

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Pflinl utdad uitul afikdpcnldsnldi ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi ioi-`nrfmtnvf nin d`dcdj `fikdi
ioi-`nrfmtnvf nitfrvnfw, ydntu wdwdimdrd tdtdp auld ditdrd kuru `fikdi pfsfrtd
`n`nliyd. ]fcdad wdwdimdrd, kuru hfrpfrdi sfhdkdn locdhordtor `dcda prosfs pfikkdcndi gdtn

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`nrn pfsfrtd `n`nl `di pfafmdjdi adsdcdj pfsfrtd `n`nliyd, tfrutdad adsdcdj ydik hfrldntdi
`fikdi prosfs hfcdgdr afikdgdriyd, uitul afahditu pfsfrtd `n`nl `dcda afapfrludt
pfrsfpsn tfrjd`dp `nrniyd sfrtd afikfvdcudsn lfadgudi `di pfrlfahdikdi `nrniyd.
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Afiurut Xokfr, sudsdid wdwdimdrd ydik `ncdluldi ocfj kuru jdrus afafiujn fapdt sydrdt,
ditdrd cdni7 (4) kuru afiuigulldi lfjdikdtdi `di tdikkdp dtds adsdcdj ydik `njd`dpn
pfsfrtd `n`nl sfrtd afapfrcdluldiiyd sfmdrd adiusndwn, (8) kuru jdrus adapu afahudt

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pfsfrtd `n`nl afikflprfsnldi pfrdsddiiyd tdipd tfldidi `fikdi mdrd tn`dl afahfrnldi
tn`dl afahfrnldi pfincdndi (afimdp sdcdj dtdu hurul), (=) snswd jdrus hfhds
afikflsprfsnldi pfrdsddiiyd, idaui `dcda hdtdsdi nd tn`dl afikfi`dcnldi kuru dtdu
afcdluldi lfjfi`dliyd `fikdi tni`dldi-tni`dldi ydik tn`dl `nhfidrldi, `di (0) prosfs
loisfcnik (wdwdimdrd) jdrus hfhds `drn tfldidi.
OR
]fmdrd uaua Xokfr afikfcoapolldi tdjdpdi `dcda ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi ioi-`nrfmtnvfnin
lf `dcda cnad tdjdp. Rfrtdad, afahditu snswd afifauldi nitn pfradsdcdjdi ydik sf`dik
`njd`dpniyd. Lf`ud, kuru afi`oroik (afadimnik) snswd dkdr `dpdt afikflsprfsnldi
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pfrdsddiiyd. Lftnkd, snswd sfmdrd hfrtdjdp afikfahdikldi pfadjdadi (lfsd`drdi) dldi
`nrniyd. Nd hfrusdjd afifauldi adlid `drn pfikdcdadiiyd, afifauldi juhuikdi sfhdh-
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dlnhdt `di pd`d dljnriyd afadjdan (afifauldi) adlid `drn pfrncdlu sfhfcuaiyd.
Lffapdt, snswd afcdporldi tni`dldi (hfrupd dctfridtne-dctfridtne pfafmdjdi adsdcdj ydik
tfcdj `ndahnciyd pd`d tdjdp lftnkd `n dtds). Pdjdpdi-tdjdpdi nin `dpdt `ncdluldi `dcda sdtu
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ldcn dtdu hfhfrdpdldcn wdwdimdrd.

=) Dpcnldsn
Ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi ioi-`nrfmtnvf`dpdt `nkuidldi uitul hfhdkdn sntudsn adsdcdj, hdnl
adsdcdj prnhd`n, sosndc, `di dld`fanl. @dcda adsdcdj prnhd`n, snswd afikkdcn pfrdsddiiyd
tfitdik `nrniyd. @dcda adsdcdj sosndc, `nd afikkdcn pfrdsddiiyd tfitdik juhuikdiiyd
`fikdi ordik cdni, `di afikkdcn hdkdnadid pfrdsddiiyd tfitdik `nrniyd sfi`nrn hfrpfikdruj
tfrjd`dp ordik cdni. @dcda adsdcdj dld`fanl, nd afikkdcn pfrdsddiiyd tfitdik loapftfisn
`di anidtiyd.
@drn sfaud ldsus `n dtds, fsfisn dtdu audtdi wdwdimdrd jdrus hfrsnedt pfrsoidc, huldi
flstfridc. Drtniyd, jdrus `dtdik `drn pfrdsddi, pfikdcdadi, pfadjdadi `di socusn ydik
`npncnj snswd sfi`nrn.

>

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h. Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Cdtnjdi Lfsd`drdi (Dwdrfifss Prdninik)

4) Ornfitdsn Ao`fc

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Ao`fc nin afrupdldi sudtu ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi ydik `ntuguldi uitul afinikldtldi
lfsd`drdi adiusnd. Ao`fc nin `nlfahdikldi ocfj Anccnda ]mjutz. cd afifldildi
pfitnikiyd pfcdtnjdi nitfrpfrsoidc sfhdkdn sdrdid pfinikldtdi lfsd`drdi prnhd`n
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(pfadjdadi `nrn ni`nvn`u).
Afikdpd `fanlndi? Ldrfid nd pfrmdyd hdjwd d`d fapdt tnpf pfrlfahdikdi ydik
`nhutujldi uitul afrfdcnsdsnldi potfisn ni`nvn`u sfmdrd utuj, ydntu7 (4) euiksn tuhuj, (8)

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euiksn pfrsoidc, tfradsul `n `dcdaiyd dlunsnsn pfikftdjudi `di pfikdcdadi, lfadapudi
hfrpnlnr cokns `di lrfdtne `di nitfkrdsn nitfcfltudc, (=) pfrlfahdikdi nitfrpfrsoidc, `di (0)
juhuikdi ni`nvn`u `fikdi nistntusn-nistntusn sosndc, orkdinsdsn sosndc `di hu`dyd adsydrdldt.
8) Rrosf`ur Rfahfcdgdrdi

OR
Luimn utdad prosf`ur pfikdgdrdi ao`fc nin `n`dsdrldi dtds tforn fimouitfr. Pforn nin
afigfcdsldi afto`f uitul afinikldtldi lfsd`drdi juhuikdi ditdr-adiusnd ydik
`n`dsdrldi dtds lftfrhulddi, lfgugurdi, lfsd`drdi `nrn, tdikkuik gdwdh, pfrjdtndi tfrjd`dp
pfrdsddi `nrn sfi`nrn dtdu ordik cdni, `di hfrornfitdsn pd`d loi`nsn sddt nin.
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Ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi nin tfr`nrn dtds `ud tdjdp. Pdjdp pfrtdad, d`dcdj pfiydapdndi `di
pfiyfcfsdndi tukds. Rd`d tdjdp nin kuru afahfrnldi pfikdrdjdi tfitdik tukds ydik dldi
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`nhfrnldi `di hdkdnadid afcdlsdidldiiyd. Pdjdpdi lf`ud, d`dcdj `nslusn dtdu didcnsns
tdjdp pfrtdad. Gd`n nitniyd snswd `nanitd afcdluldi sfsudtu (hfrldntdi `fikdi tforn
fimouitfrtd`n), sftfcdj ntu afi`nslusnldiiyd (rfecflsn hfrsdad) dtds dpd ydik tfrgd`n.
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=) Dpcnldsn pfikdgdrdi cdtnjdi lfsd`drdi
]dapdn sddt nin, adsnj sdikdt sf`nlnt sflocdj dtdu kuru ydik afifrdpldi ao`fc nin.
Rfradnidi-pfradnidi sf`frjdid `dpdt `ncdluldi uitul lfpfrnudi nin. Ao`fc nin gukd `dpdt
`ncdluldi sfhdkdn sfcnikdi ydik tn`dl afadldi wdltu tfrcdcu hdiydl. @dcda pfcdlsdiddi
`nslusn, lftfrhulddi `di lfgugurdi afigd`n sdikdt pfitnik. Jdsnc pfifcntndi afiuigulldi
hdjwd ao`fc nin `dpdt afinikldtldi pfrlfahdikdi faosn.

m. Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Rfrtfaudi Lfcds (Mcdssrooa Afftnik Ao`fc)

4) Rfikfrtndi Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Rfrtfaudi Lfcds
Ao`fc nin `nmnptdldi hfr`dsdrldi tfrdpn rfdcntds ydik `npfcoporn ocfj [nccnda Kcdssfr.Ao`fc
pfrtfaudi lfcds nin hfrtocdl `drn pdi`dikdi psnlocokns, ydik hfrdsurisn hdjwd lfldmdudi

42

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psnlocokns ydik `ndcdan sfsfordik ldrfid d`diyd lfkdkdcdi afaeuiksnldi `nrn `dcda
cnikluikdi sosndciyd (lfkdkdcdi euiksn sosndc). Nd pfrmdyd hdjwd sftndp adiusnd afapuiydn
`ud lfhutujdi `dsdr ydntu mnitd `di jdrkd `nrn. Lfhutujdi lfhutujdi vntdc psnlocokns

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adiusnd ydik pdcnik fsfisndc ndcdj afimnitdn `di `nmnitdn. Lftn`dlpudsdi `dcda jdc mnitd nin
afinahucldi hfrhdkdn sni`roa sfpfrtn kfgdcd tdlut tdipd dcdsdi, `fprfsn, `di sfhdkdniyd.
Pfrdpn kdikkudi psnlocokns nin tn`dl hnsd `ncdluldi sfmdrd ni`nvn`u ocfj psnlndtfr, tftdpn
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jdrus afcducun loitfls lfcoapo sosndc, sfpfrtn `n `dcda lfcds dtdu sflocdj.@n `dcda lfcds
mnitd ntu afigfcad `dcda hfitul tdikkuikgdwdh sosndc, ydntu sudtu tdikkuik gdwdh uitul
afahditu ni`nvn`u-ni`nvn`u cdniiyd. Gd`n ao`fc pfrtfaudi lfcds d`dcdj ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi

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ydik `ntuguldi uitul afahdikui sudtu lfcoapol sosndc ydik sdcnik afiydydikn, sdcnik
afikjdrkdn, afapuiydn `nsnpcni `nrn, `di loantafi uitul hfrprncdlu posntne.

Rfi`n`nldi `dcda jdc nin ndcdj pfi`n`nldi dldi tdikkuik gdwdh sosndc. Rfi`n`nldi uitul

OR
tdikkuik gdwdh sosndc nin afimdlup hfrpnlnr, pfrifmdjdi adsdcdj, `di pfikdahncdi
lfputusdi hdnl sfhdkdn ni`nvn`u adupui lfcoapol tfitdik polol-polol ydik hfrldntdi
`fikdi snswd ntu. afiurut Kcdssfr tfr`dpdt = (tnkd) tnpf pfrtfriudig` lfcds ntu ydlin sfhdkdn
hfrnlut7 (4) pfrtfriudi pfafmdjdi adsdcdj, (8) pfrtfaudi opfi-fi`f`, (=) pfrtfriudi
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`ndkiosns pfi`n`nldi. Lftnkd tnpf tfrsfhut `n dtds adsnik-adsnik hfrhf`d eolusiyd. tnpf
pfrtfaudi pfrifmdjdi adsdcdj afiydiklut `nrn sfi`nrn `fikdi adsdcdj tnikldjcdlu `di
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adsdcdj somndc, tftdpn `dpdt pucd afikfidn pfrsdjdhdtdi, lfsfi`nrndi `di pncnjdi gurusdi.

h. Ornfitdsn Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Rfrtfaudi Lfcds

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Ornfitdsn pfrtfaudi sfcdcu posntne ydik afiugu lfpd`d pfafmdjdi `di huldi pd`d afimdrn
lfsdcdjdi. D`dpui pd`d tnpf pfrtfaudi opfi-fi`f` pfhfcdgdr `nhfrnldi pfrtdiyddi-
pfrtdiyddi pfanlnrdi provoldtne ydik hfrldntdi `fikdi lfjn`updi afrfld.Auiklni pucd
pfrtdiyddi-pfrtdiyddi ydik `ndguldi hfrjuhuikdi `fikdi lurnlucua lfcds. Rfrhf`ddi
ditdrd pfrtfaudi opfi-fi`f` `fikdi `nslusn lfcds ndcdj hdjwd pd`d pfrtfaudi opfi-fi`f`
pfrtdiyddi kuru sfmdrd ljusus tn`dl afimdrn gdwdhdi-gdwdhdi edltudc.
Ao`fc pfrtfaudi (`nslusn) lfcds tfr`nrn dtds fida tdjdp, ydntu (4) afimnptdldi nlnna
(sudsdid) ydik loi`usne, (8) afiydapdnldi pfradsdcdjdi `nslusn, (=) afahudt pfincdndi
prnhd`n, (0) afikn`fitnenldsn dctfridtne tni`dldi socusn, (6) afahudt loantafi, `di (5)
afrfimdidldi tni`dl cdigut tni`dldi.

m. Dpcnldsn Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi Rfrtfaudi Lfcds

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Kuru afahudt loantafi hfrsdad uitul afcdlsdidldi cdikldj-cdikldj pfafmdjdi adsdcdj

tfrsfhut. Hncd pfrcu afahudt dturdi hfrsdad hfrnlut sdilsn hdk ydik afcdikkdriyd. Rd`d
pfrtfaudi hfrnlutiyd, sftfcdj cdikldj-cdikldj ydik `nsfpdldt `ncdlsdidldi kuru

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afikfvdcudsn fefltnvntds pfcdlsdidi tfrsfhut. Ao`fc pfrtfaudi lfcds nin `dpdt `ncdluldi
adlsnadc tnkd ldcn `dcda sfjdrn. Pdpn, hndsdiyd sfldcn sfjdrn su`dj mulup tfrkdituik `drn
pfradsdcdjdi ydik `njd`dpn.
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Rfahfcdgdr jdiyd afistnaucdsn hfrpnlnr afikfidn dpd ydik pfhfcdgdr tdju dtds suhgfl ydik
`n`nslusnldi. ]f`diklda pfrtfaudi `ndkiosns pfi`n`nldi `nldntldi `fikdi dpd ydik sf`dik
`npfcdgdrn `n lfcds. Pugudiiyd uitul afi`dpdtldi dpdldj lfcds tn`dl afadjdan pfcdgdrdi.

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@dcda jdc nin huldi uitul afincdn pffcdgdr, afcdnildi uitul afifauldi dpd ydik afrfld
tdju `di afrfld tn`dl tdju. Gd`n pfahfcdgdr tn`dl afincdn `dcda `nslusn-`nslusn. Rfhfcdgdr
hocfj afiydapdnldi pfi`dpdt `fikdi hfhds `di afidrnl lfsnapucdi tfitdik dpd ydik
`ndikkdpiyd tfpdt. Afslnpui Kcdssfr afikfauldldi = (tnkd) tnpf pfrtfaudi lfcds ydik

OR
hfrhf`d, idaui afapuiydn afldinsaf ydik sdad. Vitul afi`dpdtldi kdahdrdi tfitdik
strultur ao`fc pfrtfaudi lfcds nin `dpdt lntd lfauldldi sfhdkdn hfrnlut7

(4) ]nitdls

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]nitdls `dcda ao`fc pfikdgdrdi pfrtfaudi lfcds nin tfr`nrn `drn hfhfrdpd edsf ydntu7 (d) edsf
N 7 pfahfcdgdr afimnptdldi sudsdid ydik tfidik, (h) edsf NN 7 pfahfcdgdr `di pfhfcdgdr
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afiydtdldi adsdcdj-adsdcdj ydik dldi `n`nslusnldi, (=) edsf NNN 7 pfahfcdgdr afiyuruj
pfhfcdgdr afcdluldi pfincdndi prnhd`n, (`) edsf NU 7 pfahfcdgdr `di pfhfcdgdr
afikn`fitnenldsnldi dctfridene sfkn-sfkn pfcdgdrdi ydik dldi `n`nslusnldi, (f) edsf U 7
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pfhfcdgdr afahudt sudtu moaantafit tnikldj cdlu `di (e) Edsf UN 7 pfahfcdgdr rifahudt
lfcoapol tni`dl cdigut tnikldj Ndlu.

(8) Rrnisnp rfdlsn

Xfdlsn kuru hfrsuahfr pd`d = (tnkd) prnisnp ydntu7 (d) prnisnp lftfrcnhdtdi, (h) pfahfcdgdr
tn`dl afahfrn pfincdndi `di (m) pfahfcdgdr afikn`fitnenldsnldi, afancnj `di afiknlutn
dctfridtnvf-dctfridtne stu`n tnikldj cdlu
(=) ]nstfa sosndc
Rfahfcdgdr sfhdkdn ao`frdtor lfkndtdi-lfkndtdi. Pftdpn pd`d edsd-edsf tfrtfitu nd afikdahnc
ninsndtne dtdu afikdljnrn lfkndtdi hfrsdad pfhfcdgdr.
(0) ]nstfa Rfi`uluik

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]nstfa pfi`uluikiyd tfrutdad tfrcftdl pd`d loapftfisn pfahfcdgdr ydntu prnhd`n ydik
afiyfidikldi `di lftfrdapncdi nitfrpfrsoidc `di pfikudsddi tflinl `nslusn.
Rfikkuiddi ao`fc Rfrtfaudi Lfcds nin `ndrdjldi uitul afimdpdn `nrfmt `di ni`nrfmt feefmts

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sfpfrtn tfrcnjdt pd`d `ndkrda

`. Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi ]yifmtnms

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4) Rfikfrtndi
Nstncdj syifmtnms `ndahnc `drn hdjdsd ^uidin, ydik afrupdldi kdhuikdi
ldtd syi hfrdrtn afikkdhuikldi `di fmtnms hfrdrtn uisur ydik hfrhf`d. @dcda `uind

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lfncaudi, syifmtnms hndsdiyd hfrjuhuikdi `fikdi lrfdtnvntds `di pfafmdjdi adsdcdj,
sfcdni ntu gukd hfrjuhuikdi `fikdi `nidanl lfcoapol `dcda cdtnjdi hfrenlnr. Rd`d dwdciyd,
syifmtnms `nlfahdikldi `dcda `uind ni`ustrn idaui `dcda pfrlfahdikdiiyd tfriydtd
hfrgdyd `ntfrdpldi `dcda `uind pfi`n`nldi `di `nlfidcn sfhdkdn sdcdj sdtu ao`fc
pfahfcdgdrdi ydik hfrlfsdi uitul afikfahdikldi lrfdtnvntds.
OR
8) Ornfitdsn Ao`fc Rfikdgdrdi ]yifmtnms
]yiftnms `nlfahdikldi ocfj [nccnda Kor`oi `di afrupdldi ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi
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ydik afikkuidldi didcokn uitul afikfahdikldi lfadapudi hfrenlnr `drn hfrhdkdn su`ut
pdi`dikdi. Didcokn `ndikkdp adapu afikfahdikldi lrfdtnvntds ldrfid `dcda didcokn d`d
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usdjd uitul afikjuhuikldi ditdrd dpd ydik su`dj `nlftdjun `fikdi dpd ydik nikni
`npdjdan.Pfr`dpdt tnkd gfins didcokn ydik `nkuidldi `dcda ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi syifmtnms,
ydntu7
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Didcokn cdiksuik ydntu lfkndtdi pfrhdi`nikdi sf`frjdid ditdrd `ud ohgfl dtdu kdkdsdi.
@dcda pfahdi`nikdi nin, `ud ohgfl ydik `nhdi`nikldi tn`dl jdrus sdad `dcda sfaud
dspfl, ldrfid tugudi sfhfidriyd d`dcdj uitul afitrdieoradsnldi lfd`ddi ohgfl dtdu sntudsn
adsdcdj sfhfidr pd`d sntudsn adsdcdj cdni sfjnikkd tfrhfitul sudtu mdrd pdi`dikdi hdru.
Rd`d didcokn nin pfcdgdr, `nanitd uitul afifauldi sntudsn adsdcdj ydik sfgdgdr `fikdi
sntudsn lfjn`updi sfhfidr. Ansdciyd hdkdnadid mdrd uitul afani`djldi pfrdhot ydik hfrdt
lf`dcda rudik lfcds, hocfj `ndidcoknldi `fikdi hdkdnadid mdrd jdnwdi afahdwd didl-
didliyd. Vitul afcnjdt lfhfrlfsdidi sfsudtu didcokn cdiksuik `ncnjdt `drn gdrdl
loisfptudciyd, sfadlni gduj gdrdl loisfptudciyd, adld sfadlni tnikkn slor didcokniyd.
h) Didcokn pfrsoidc ydntu lfkndtdi uitul afcdluldi didcokn ditdrd ohgfl didcokn `fikdi
`nrniyd sfi`nrn. Rd`d didcokn nin, pfcdgdr `nanitd afifapdtldi `nrniyd sfhdkdn ohgfl ntu
sfi`nrn. Vitul afcnjdt lfhfrlfsdidiiyd, didcokn pfrsoidc hocfj `ncnjdt `drn hdiydliyd

4=

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uikldpdi ydik `nlfauldldi. ]fadlni hdiydl uikldpdi ydik `nlfauldldi adld sfadlni
tnikkn slordidcokn pfrsoidciyd. @dcda lfkndtdi afahudtdi dcokn pfrsoidc, pfcdgdr
afcnhdtldi `nrniyd sfhdkdn ohgfl dtdu kdkdsdi ydik `nhdi`nikldi. Ansdciyd pfcdgdr `nsuruj

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uitul afahdi`nikldi `nrniyd `fikdi sfhudj afsni, lfau`ndi `ntdiydldi hdkdnadid
pfrdsddiiyd sfdi`dniyd ntu tfrgd`n? Dpd ydik `nrdsdldi sfdi`dniyd afsni ntu `njn`upldi?
Pugudi lfkndtdi nin d`dcdj uitul afikdrdjldi gdrdl loisfptudc tfrhfitul `fikdi hdnl,
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sfadlni hfsdr gdrdl loisfptudc adld dldi sfadlni hfsdr lfauiklnidi `npfrocfj kdkdsdi
hdru. Afiurut Kor`oi, gdrdl loisfp tudc hocfj `ncnjdt `drn d`diyd lftfrcnhdtdi `dcda prosfs
didcokn. ]fcdigutiyd `ngfcdsldi d`diyd fapdt lftfrcnhdtdi ydik auiklni tfrgd`n lftnld

4)
afcdluldi didcokn, ydntu7
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Lftfrcnhdtdi tfrjd`dp edltd ydntu prosfs didcokn tfrjd`dp edltd ydik `nlfidc pdstn tdipd
afikkuidldi mdrd pdi`dik hdru `di tdipd lftfrcnhdtdi fapdtn, ansdciyd7 sfdi`dniyd sdyd
afigd`n afsni adld sdyd afrdsd pdids.
8)
OR
Lftfrcnhdtdi `fikdi faosn ydntu prosfs didcokn `fikdi afcnhdtldi uisur faosn, ansdciyd7
sfdi`dniyd sdyd afigd`n afsni adld sdyd afigd`n ludt.
=) Lftfrcnhdtdi `fikdi fapdtn pd`d hfi`d-hfi`d jn`up ydntu prosfs didcokn `fikdi afcnhdtldi
faosn `di lnifstdtnl pd`d ohgfl didcokn, ansdciyd7 sfdi`dniyd sdyd afigd`n lfrftd, sdyd

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afrdsd sfpfrtn sf`dik afiknlutn cuahd hdcdpdi, `di sdyd gd`n tfrkfsd-kfsd.
`) Lftfrcnhdtdi `fikdi fapdtn pd`d hfi`d-hfi`d adtn ydntu prosfs didcokn `fikdi
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afifapdtldi `nrn suhgfl sfhdkdn sudtu ohgfl diorkdinl `di afimuhd afapfrcuds adsdcdj
`drn pdi`dikdi snapdtn, ansdciyd, sfdi`dniyd sdyd afigd`n afsni, sdyd tn`dl tdju hncd jdrus
hfrgdcdi `di hncd jdrus hfrjfitn. ]fsfordik dldi hflfrgd uitul sdyd.
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Didcokn loiecnl, ydik `ntfldi pd`d didcokynin ydntu lfkndtdi uitul afikloahnidsnldi tntnl
pdi`dikdi ydik hfrhf`d tfrjd`dp sudtu ohgfl sfjnikkd tfrcnjdt `drn `ud lfrdikld dmudi ydik
hfrhf`d. Jdsnc lfkndtdi nin hfrupd `fslrnpsn tfitdik sudtu ohgfl dtdu kdkdsdi hfr`dsdrldi
`ud ldtd dtdu erdsd ydik loitrd`nltne, ansdciyd7 hdkdnadid loaputfr ntu `ndikkdp sfhdkdn
pfahfrdin dtdu pfidlut? Hdkdnadidldj afsni lfrftd `dpdt tfrtdwd dtdu adrdj? Pugudi
lfkndtdi nin d`dcdj uitul afapfrcuds pfadjdadi tfitdik kdkdsdi-kdkdsdi hdru `di uitul
afadlsnadcldi uisur lfgutdi, ldrfid ntu adld lfkndtdi didcokn nin `ndikkdp sfhdkdn
lfkndtdi afitdc pfrnikldt tnikkn. Rd`d didcokn nin, pfcdgdr `nanitd afiyfhutldi sudtu ohgfl
sfmdrd hfrpdsdikdi. ]fadlni hdiydl pdsdikdi ydik `nsfhutldi, sfadlni tnikkn slor ydik
`npfrocfj. Hfr`dsdrldi pdsdikdi ldtd tfrsfhut, pfcdgdr `njdrdpldi afikfauldldi ohgfl
sfhdiydl-hdiydliyd ydik hfrsnedt loitdrd`nltne, lfau`ndi `nanitd afigfcdsldi afikdpd
hfi`d tfrsfhut hfrsnedt loitrd`nltne.

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=. Rfifrdpdi ]yifmtnms `dcda Rfahfcdgdrdi

]yifmtnms sfhdkdn sdcdj sdtu ao`fc pfahfcdgdrdi afapuiydn hfhfrdpd lfcfhnjdi

d)
`nditdrdiyd d`dcdj 7
Adapu
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afinikldtldi lfadapudi uitul jn`up `dcda sudsdid ydik loapcfls
`di afikjdrkdn d`diyd pfrhf`ddi<
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Adapu afrdiksdik lfadapudi hfrenlnr sfmdrd lrfdtne<
m) Adapu afikdltneldi lf`ud-`ud hfcdj otdl<
`) Adapu afwugu`ldi pfanlnrdi hdru. ]fcdni ntu, lfcfhnjdi `drn afto`f syifmtnms ydik

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cdniiyd d`dcdj hocfj `nloahnidsn `fikdi ao`fc ydik cdni.

Rd`d prosfs ydik tfrgd`n `dcda syifmtnms, sfsfordik adapu afikdtdsn jdahdtdi
afitdc ydik afahfcfikkuiyd. ]fcdni ntu, lfadapudi hfrenlnr `nvfrkfi `di lfadapudi

OR
uitul afafmdjldi adsdcdj dldi tfrus hfrlfahdik. ]fcdigutiyd, nd afigfcdsldi strdtfkn
ydik jdrus `ncdcun lftnld afahudt sfsudtu ydik dsnik afigd`n cdzna dtdu afahudt ydik
cdzna afigd`n dsnik ydntu7
d) Afi`feninsnldi dtdu afikkdahdrldi sntudsn sddt nin dtdu adsdcdj ydik sf`dik `njd`dpn<
h) Become a Scribd member to read and
Afiucns kdkdsdi tfitdik didcokn cdiksuik<
m) Afiucns rfdlsn tfrjd`dp jdsnc didcokn cdiksuik<
`) download full documents.
Afikflspcordsn sfsudtu ydik afigd`n loiecnls<
f) Afahudt didcokn cdiksuik ydik hdru< `di
e) Afikugniyd `dcda sntudsn ydik sfhfidr.
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]fcdigutiyd, nd gukd afigfcdsldi tfitdik strdtfkn tfrsfhut `dcda prdltnl pfahfcdgdrdi
ydik `dcda prdltnliyd tfrhdkn afigd`n tuguj tdjdp ydntu7
d) Adsulldi hdjdi ydntu kuru afikfauldldi pfradsdcdjdi pd`d pfcdgdr uitul `nsfcfsdnldi<
h) Rfahudtdi didcokn cdiksuik `fikdi mdrd kuru afiyuruj pfcdgdr uitul afahudt didcokn
cdiksuik `di pfcdgdr afcdluldiiyd<
m) Kuru afikn`fitnenldsn jdsnc didcokn ydik tfcdj `nhudt pfcdgdr<
`) Rfcdgdr afigfcdsldi lfanrnpdi ditdrd sfsudtu ydik dsnik `fikdi ydik cdzna<
f) Rfcdgdr afigfcdsldi pfrhfzddi ditdrd sfsudtu ydik dsnik `fikdi ydik cdzna<
e) Rfcdgdr afikflspcordsn topnl ydik hfrsnedt ornknidc< `di
k) Rfcdgdr afikjdsncldi sudtu pro`ul afcdcun didcokn cdiksuik.

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Rfifrdpdi syifmtnms `dcda pfahfcdgdrdi afiurut Goymf sfjdrusiyd afikdi`uikn

tnkd prnisnp ydntu7
d) Rrnisnp rfdlsn afrugul lfpd`d rfspoi kuru tfrjd`dp pfcdgdriyd. @njdrdpldi kuru afifrnad

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sfaud rfspoi pfcdgdr `dcda dpdpui hfituliyd `di afigdani hdjdwd jdc tfrsfhut sfocdj-
ocdj afrupdldi uikldpdi lrfdtne pfcdgdr, dldi tftdpn afcdcun pfrtdiyddi fvoldtne, kuru `dpdt
afrdiksdik cfhnj cdigut lfadapudi hfrenlnr lrfdtneiyd<
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nstfa sosndc afi`fslrnpsnldi pfrdidi `di juhuikdi ditdrd kuru `di pfcdgdr sfrtd
afi`fslrnpsnldi gfins iorad ydik `nsdrdildi. ]nstfa sosndc `dcda syifmtnms tfrstrultur
sfmdrd sf`frjdid, ydik `dcda prdltnliyd hfrupd kuru afikdwdc `di afikdrdjldi pfcdgdr

afahfrnldijd`ndj ydik
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uitul afafmdjldi adsdcdj afcdcun didcokn, afikfahdikldi lfhfhdsdi nitfcfltudc, `di
iditniyd dldi afigd`n lfpudsdi `dcdadi pfcdgdr ydik
`npfrocfj `drn pfikdcdadi hfcdgdr<
m) ]nstfa pfi`uluik afikdmu pd`d lfpfrcudi ydik `npfrculdi uitul napcfafitdsn. ]nstfa

OR
pfi`uluik `dcda lfkndtdi syifmtnms tfr`nrn `drn pfikdcdadi kuru tfitdik lfkndtdi syifmtnms,
cnikluikdi ydik iydadi, adladc, dtdu suahfr hfcdgdr cdniiyd.

8.=. LFPFXDARNCDI AFIKDGDX FEFLPNE ^DIK

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@NPFXDRLDI RD@D R]N (RFX]OIDCNWF@ ]^]PFA
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EOX NI]PXVMPNOI)
]fordik kuru dldi afifrdpldi lftfrdapncdi afikdgdr ydik fefltne `fikdi mdrd ydik uinl
sddt afikkuidldi pfrsoidcnzf` systfa eor nistrumtnoi (snstfa pfikdgdrdi sfmdrd prnhd`n)
`dcda pfigds. Start your 30 day free trial
4. Rfrfimdiddi. R]N afahutujldi sfguacdj hfsdr pfrfimdiddi `n tnikldt uint.
Xfimdid adidkfrndc, pfi`detdrdi nsn, didcnsns tukds, lfkndtdi hfcdgdr, hdjdi prfsfitdsn
tukds, `di lrntfrnd lnifrgd jdruscdj sfaudiyd `nrdimdik `di `npro`ulsn uitul hulu
lfrgd snswd sfhfcua uint `dpdt aucdn.
8. Adidgfafi wdltu `di lfcds. Adidgfafi wdltu d`dcdj au`dj `dcda R]N. Ldrfid
snswd tdju pfrsns dpd ydik afrfld cdluldi `nsftndp lfcds, `di sfaud nieoradsn tukds
hfrd`d `dcda hulu lfrgd afrfld, kuru tn`dl jdrus afaditdu/afahudt lfputusdi
adidgfrndc `dcda lfcds. ]dad jdciyd `dcda adidgfafi lfcds, ldrfid snswd afancnln
sfaud nieoradsn ydik `npfrculdi pd`d `nsposdc afrfld `dcda hulu lfrgd snswd

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afigdcdildi lfcds uitul kuru, sfjnikkd lftfrdapncdi kuru `dcda afrdimdik `di
afiucns hulu lfrgd snswd ntu pfitnik sfldcn `dcda R]N.
=. Rrfsfitdsn `di strultur tukds. ]fordik kuru R]N pfrcu tdju hdkdnadid afancnj

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`di/dtdu afapro`ulsn hdjdi-hdjdi nin sfjnikkd snswd `dpdt afikkuidldiiyd tdipd
afanitd kuru uitul lcdrnenldsn/nieoradsn tdahdjdi. Afrdimdik hulu lfrgd snswd
sfhdkndi hfsdr `nedsncntdsn ocfj lftfrdapncdi `di pfikftdjudi kuru `fikdi
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pfikocdjdi ldtdyour documents
`di tfliocokn nieoradsniyd cdniiydto download.
0. Loauinldsn.

8.0.
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AVCPNRFXDI KVXV RFI@N@NLDI GD]ADIN
Pukds kuru pfi`n`nldi gdsadin sfmdrd iydtd sdikdt loapcfls ditdrd cdni7

4. ]fhdkdn pfikdgdr

OR
Kuru pfi`n`nldi gdsadin sfhdkdn pfikdgdr tukdsiyd d`dcdj cfhnj hdiydl afahfrnldi
ncau pfikftdjudi ydik afapuiydn `dapdl dtdu afikdrdj pd`d rdidj lokintne
pfsfrtd `n`nl afigd`n cfhnj hdnl dtdu afinikldt. Afcdcun pfahfcdgdrdi pfi`n`nldi

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gdsadin `fikdi adtfrn pfradnidi `di hfradni, dtcftnl, sfida, rfidik, hfcd`nrn,
`di ocdjrdkd/dltnvntds `n dcda tfrhuld pdrd pfsfrtd `n`nl afi`dpdtldi hdiydl

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pfikftdjudi hdkdnadid jdlnldt adsnik-adsnik adtfrn.
8. ]fhdkdn pfi`n`nl
Kuru pfi`n`nldi gdsadin sfhdkn pfi`n`nl tukdsiyd d`dcdj cfhnj hdiydl afahfrnldi

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`di afididaldi snldp dtdu defltne lf pfsfrtd `n`nl afcdcun pfahfcdgdrdi pfi`n`nldi
gdsadin. Afcdcun pfahfcdgdrdi pfi`n`nldi gdsadin `fikdi adtfrn pfradnidi `di
hfradni, dtcftnl, sfida, rfidik, hfcd`nrn, `di ocdjrdkd/dltnvntds `n dcda tfrhuld
pdrd pfsfrtd `n`nl `ntdidaldi snldp, dkdr hfidr-hfidr afigd`n adiusnd ydik
hfrhu`n pflfrtn cujur `fikdi uisur-uisur snldp 7 tdikkuik gdwdh, gugur,
afikjdrkdn ordik cdni, nlut hfrpdrtnsnpdsn, rdgni hfcdgdr, rdgni jd`nr, `di cdni-cdni.
=. ]fhdkdn pfcdtnj
Kuru pfi`n`nldi gdsadin sfhdkdn pfcdtnj tukdsiyd d`dcdj cfhnj hdiydl afahfrnldi
lftfrdapncdi `di ensnl ydik afapuiydn `dapdl dtdu afikdrdj pd`d rdidj ensnl
`di psnloaotornl pfsfrtd `n`nl afigd`n cfhnj hdnl dtdu afinikldt. Afcdcun
pfahfcdgdrdi pfi`n`nldi gdsadin `fikdi adtfrn pfradnidi `di hfradni, dtcftnl,

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sfida, rfidik, hfcd`nrn, `di ocdjrdkd/dltnvntds `n dcda tfrhuld pdrd pfsfrtd `n`nl
ensnl `di lftfrdapncdi kfrdl ydik hdnl.
0. ]fhdkdn pfahnahnik

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Kuru pfi`n`nldi gdsadin sfhdkdn pfahnahnik tukdsiyd d`dcdj cfhnj hdiydl
afikdrdjldi lfpd`d pfsfrtd `n`nl pd`d tdahdjdi lfadapudi pdrd pfsfrtd `n`nliyd.
]fhdkdn moitoj 7 afahnahnik hdrns hfrhdrns, pftukds updmdrd, afikfcocd VL],
Upload your
afikfcocd lopfrdsn, documents
lfkndtdi toafahnahnik
pfmnitd dcda, `di gukd download.pfsfrtd `n`nl ydik
afancnln adsdcdj dtdu ljusus.

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HDH NNN
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RFIVPVR
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=.4. LF]NARVCDI
Rfi`n`nldi afigd`n jdrdpdi utdad `drn sudtu hdiksd `dcda afinikldtldi
ludcntds kfifrdsn pfifrus sfhdkdn luimn lfadgudi `di pfrlfahdikdi hdiksd lf `fpdiiyd.

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@dcda jdc nin kuru afigd`n edltor utdad ydik afifituldi lfhfrjdsncdi `drn tugudi
pfi`n`nldi tfrsfhut. ]fhdkdn tfidkd pfi`n`nl, kuru afancnln hfrhdkdn pfrdi ydik
afigd`n tdikkuik gdwdh `dcda afcdlsdidldi prosfs hfcdgdr afikdgdr. Adld `dcda
afcdlsdidldi auctnpfrdi tfrsfhut sfordik kuru jdrus jdi`dc , kuru `ntuitut afigd`n lrfdtne
`dcda sfkdcd jdc, hdnl `dcda afikfahdikldi
OR
af`nd pfahfcdgdrdi, adupui `dcda
afikfahdikldi potfisn, anidt `di hdldt pfsfrtd `n`nl.

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4>

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You're Reading a Preview

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@DEPDX RV]PDLD

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@fp`nlids. (8220). ]tdi`dr Loapftfisn Kuru Rfaucd Gfigdik ]4 Rfi`n`nldi Gdsadin.
Gdldrtd7 @fp`nlids.

________ .(8226). ]tdi`dr Loapftfisn Kuru Rfaucd Gfigdik @N4 Rfi`n`nldi Gdsadin.
Gdldrtd7 @fp`nlids.

OR
Afi`nlhu` `di Afipdi. (4>>=). Lfputusdi Afipdi Ioaor :0/4>>= Pfitdik Gdhdtdi
Euiksnoidc Kuru `di Dikld Lrf`ntiyd. Gdldrtd7 @fp`nlhu`.

]ofinikkgo. (4>;>). Rfrsndpdi Rroefsn OCdjrdkd Rfi`n`nldi. ^okydldrtd7 ^dydsdi ]PO.

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]u`dradi @dina. (8228). Niovdsn Rfi`n`nldi

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