Author-Date Citation System for APA Style - Handout

The following tables (8.1 & 9.1) are adapted from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (2019).

Table 8.1 Basic In-Text Citation Styles

Author type Parenthetical citation Narrative citation

One author (Luna, 2020) Luna (2020)
Two authors (Salas & D’Agostino, 2020) Salas and D’Agostino (2020)
Three or more authors (Martin et al., 2020) Martin et al. (2020)
Group author with abbreviation

First citation (National Institute of Mental National Institute of Mental

Health [NIMH], 2020) Health (NIMH, 2020)

Subsequent citations (NIMH, 2020) NIMH (2020)

Group author without (Stanford University, 2020) Stanford University (2020)
abbreviation
(American Psychological Association, 2019, p. 266)

Multiple Authors and Different Contributors

Author or Editor Date Title Source

Publisher DOI or URL
information
Author, A. A., & (year) Title of Book. Publisher Name. https://doi.org/xxx
Author, B. B.
Title of Book (# First Publisher https://xxx
Name of Group ed., Vol. #). Name; Second
Publisher Name
Editor, E. E. (Ed.) Title of Book
[Audiobook].
Editor, E. E., &
Editor, F. F. (Eds.) Title of Book (E. E.
Editor, Ed.).

Title of Book (T.

Translator, Trans.)

Title of Book (N.

Narrator, Narr.)
(American Psychological Association, 2019, p. 321)
Table 9.1 How to Create a Reference When Information Is Missing

Missing element Solution Template

Reference list entry In-text citation
Nothing—all elements Provide the author, Author. (Date). Title. (Author, year)
are present date, title, and source Source. Author (year)
of the work.
Author Provide the title, date, Title. (Date). Source. (Title, year)
and source. Title (year)
Date Provide the author, Author. (n.d.) Title. (Author, n.d.)
write “n.d.” for “no Source. Author (n.d.)
date,” and then
provide the title and
source.
Title Provide the author and Author, (Date). (Author, year)
ate, describe the work [Description of work]. Author (year)
in square brackets, and Source.
then provide the
source.
Author and date Provide the title, write Title. (n.d.). Source. (Title, n.d.)
“n.d.” for “no date,” Title (n.d.)
and then provide the
source.
Author and title Describe the work in [Description of work] (Author, n.d.)
square brackets, and (Date). Source. Author (n.d.)
then provide the date
and source.
Author, date, and title Describe the work in [Description of work]. ([Description of work],
square brackets, write (n.d.). Source. n.d.)
“n.d.” for “no date,” [Description of work]
and then provide the (n.d.)
source.
Source Cite as personal No reference list entry (C. C. Communicator,
communication (see personal
Section 8.9 or find communication, month
another work to cite day, year)
(see Section 9.37). C. C. Communicator
(personal
communication, month
day, year)
(American Psychological Association, 2019, p. 284)
 References

American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.