PHYSICS

CHAPTER-WAVES

-waves transfer energy from one place to anathor.

-while travelling waves vibrate.

Displacement-How far the

FORMULA
equilibrium point the wave has
F=1/T
oscillated.
T=TIME PERIOD
( distance of one entire oscillation-
F=Frequency (Hz)
wavelength)
 Formula for Wave speed

Difference between transverse and longitudinal waves

-Frequency, in physics, the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time; also, the
number of cycles or vibrations undergone during one unit of time by a body in periodic motion

REFLECTION
-waves aren’t always reflected
(waves could be absorbs,
waves could be transmitted
waves could be reflected)
depend on the wavelength and properties of the 2 material
to show reflection taking place we use ray diagram
angle of incidence=angle of reflection

smooth boundary- normal are in the same direction

specular reflection ( clear image)

no smooth boundary- normal are not in same direction light will be reflected in different
direction.
diffuse / scattered (normally cant see ourselves at all).

REFRACTION
-waves change direction as they pass from 1 medium to anathor.
-waves travel at different speed at different materials
(different materials have different sensities)
(ex- electromagnetic wave-the higher the density= the slower the waves
moves from less dense medium to hight dense medium like air to glass it will slow down as it
passes into the glass. If straight will go straight
if light travles at an agle then it will refract( change its direction) if going in more dense it will
bend toward the normal.
-speed of the wave changing as it passes from one medium to anathor so the frequency or
wavelength also will change. ( frequency remains same)
speed of wave increases= wave length increases.
speed of wave decreaces= wave length decrease.

THE DOPPLER EFFECT

Doppler Effect refers to the change in wave frequency during the relative motion between a
wave source and its observer. Doppler Effect works on both light and sound objects. For
instance, when a sound object moves towards you, the frequency of the sound waves
increases, leading to a higher pitch. if it moves away from you, the frequency of the sound
waves decreases and the pitch comes down. The drop in pitch of ambulance sirens as they pass
by and the shift in red light are common examples of the Doppler Effect.