APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

“Forecasting Residential Solid Waste in the Municipality of Luna using Multiple Linear
Regression”

Mathematics and Computational Science Research Paper

Team Category

PRECIOUS F. GARILLO
ZEPHANIAH JILL S. OBISPO
JEANNE MARIZ A. WAMIL
Researchers

DAINE D. GAMIAO
Adviser

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

ABSTRACT

This study employs multiple linear regression analysis to forecast solid waste

production in the Municipality of Luna. The investigation delves into various demographic

and socioeconomic variables to unravel their potential influence on household waste

generation. Through comprehensive data analysis, several significant conclusions have

emerged. Family size and house size may not significantly contribute to solid waste

production, while age has a subtle but statistically significant impact. These findings inform

waste management and sustainability strategies, offering opportunities for more effective

waste reduction and management efforts. On the other hands, the socioeconomic factors that

includes monthly income, employment status, house type, and highest educational attainment

do not exhibit significant associations with variations in solid waste production. Additional

research may be necessary to explore other factors influencing waste production in the

surveyed population. Finally, the model developed in this study serves as a valuable tool for

forecasting residential solid waste production. It incorporates the effects of specified

independent variables, enabling predictions based on demographic and socioeconomic

factors. This model enhances the understanding of waste management strategies in the

Municipality of Luna and facilitates optimization efforts.

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

CERTIFICATION AS TEAM PROJECT

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that the project submitted by PRECIOUS F. GARILLO,

ZEPHANIAH JILL S. OBISPO and JEANNE MARIZ A. WAMIL entitled

“Forecasting Residential Solid Waste in the Municipality of Luna using Multiple Linear

Regression” as official entry to the 2023 Science and Math Fair was conducted by the above-

mentioned students.

Noted:

DAINE D. GAMIAO

Adviser

Approved:

DANILO L. CUDIAMAT

Principal I

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

Table of Contents

Page

Title Page …………………..……………….…………………………… 1

Abstract …………………………………………………………………. 2

Certification as Team Project ……………………………………………. 3

Table of Contents…...………………...…………………………………. 4

Introduction ……….………...………………...…………………………. 5

Statement of the Problem……...………………..………………………… 6

Framework………………………………………………………….……… 8

Findings.…………………………………………………………………… 11

Conclusions ..………………...……………………………………………. 22

References ..………………...……………………………………………… 25

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Residential solid waste, often simply referred to as household trash or garbage, is a

fundamental component of our daily lives, one that presents both challenges and

opportunities for communities and environmental sustainability. This waste stream primarily

consists of the materials discarded by households, such as food waste, packaging, old

appliances, textiles, and various other items. The management of residential solid waste is a

vital aspect of urban planning and environmental stewardship.

In modern societies, the generation of residential solid waste is continuous and

inevitable, reflecting consumption patterns, population density, and lifestyle choices.

Managing this waste is not only essential for public health but also for minimizing

environmental impacts, including landfills, pollution, and resource depletion. Residential

solid waste can be managed through a combination of strategies, including collection,

recycling, composting, and disposal, with the ultimate goal of reducing its impact on the

environment.

Effective solid waste management is crucial for sustainable development, as it helps

minimize the negative impacts of waste on the environment, public health, and resources.

Residential areas are one of the major sources of solid waste, and understanding the factors

that influence solid waste production can help in developing better waste management

strategies (Cha, G. et. al. 2023).

In the municipality of Luna, accurate forecasting of residential solid waste can play a

significant role in planning and implementing sustainable waste management practices. This

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

study aims to develop a forecast model using multiple linear regression to determine the rate

of generation of municipal solid waste in Luna. By incorporating social and demographic

explanatory variables, the model will help identify the specific factors that influence solid

waste production in the municipality (Araiza-Aguilar, J. A., et. al., 2020).

In this study, multiple linear regression mode will be used to forecast the residential

solid waste production of the Municipality of Luna. Multiple linear regression is a statistical

technique used to predict the outcome of a variable based on the values of two or more

independent variables (Golbaz, S., et. al., 2019). In this study, we use multiple linear

regression modeling as a technique to anticipate the creation of residential solid trash,

providing insights into the fundamental processes that underlie this crucial component of

rural life.

The significance of this forecasting lies in its potential to inform and improve solid

waste management strategies in Luna. By accurately forecasting residential solid waste, local

authorities can develop more effective waste reduction, recycling, and disposal strategies,

thus minimizing the environmental impact of solid waste (Mohammad K. Younes, et. al.,

2015). Additionally, the findings of this study can be used to optimize waste collection,

transportation, and disposal processes, potentially reducing operational costs and improving

overall financial sustainability for the municipality.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to create a multiple linear regression model to forecast residential

solid waste of the Municipality of Luna.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the actual residential solid waste produced by each family?

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

2. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. number of family members

b. age

c. house size

3. What is the socioeconomic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. monthly income

b. employment status

c. housing types

d. highest educational attainment

4. Is there a significant relationship between the actual solid waste produced by each

family with regards to their demographic and socioeconomic profile?

5. What is the mathematical equation used to forecast residential solid waste in the

Municipality of Luna using demographic and socioeconomic profile?

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

CHAPTER II

FRAMEWORK

The framework for forecasting residential solid waste with Multiple Linear

Regression (MLR) as in Figure 1 represents the structured foundation upon which this

research is built. As areas grapple with the growing challenges of waste management,

understanding and predicting residential solid waste generation is of paramount importance.

In this framework, it outlines the core elements of the research, from the dependent and

independent variables to the application of MLR, data collection, analysis, and the practical

implications of the study. By following this framework, it aimed to shed light on the intricate

relationships that influence waste generation, enabling more informed, sustainable, and

efficient waste management decisions for the future.

Factors Influencing Solid

Waste Generation
Residential Solid
Waste Generation  Demographic Factors
 Socioeconomic
Factors

Multiple Linear Regression Model

Figure 1: The framework of the study.

Figure 1 depicts the framework of the study wherein the Residential Solid Waste

Generation is connected with the different two factors influencing solid waste generation and

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ultimately create a multiple linear regression model to forecast the amount of waste generated

in the Municipality of Luna.

The primary focus of the research is the forecasting of residential solid waste

production. This is the dependent variable of the study and it represents the total amount of

waste generated by households in the municipality. It is the variable that we aim to predict

using the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model.

On the other hand, the independent variable in the study are the different factors

influencing solid waste generation. It includes demographic factors and socioeconomic

factors.

Demographic factors include number of family members, age distribution, and house

size while socioeconomic factors include variables such as monthly income, employment

status, housing types and highest educational

The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Model serves as the statistical tool for this

research. It allows for the exploration of the relationships between the dependent variable

(residential solid waste) and the independent variables (demographic and socioeconomic).

The MLR model is used to develop a predictive equation that estimates solid waste

generation based on these factors.

The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model for forecasting residential solid waste

involves establishing a predictive equation that relates the dependent variable, which is

residential solid waste generation, to multiple independent variables, including demographic

and socioeconomic factors. The general form of the MLR model is expressed as:

Y = β0 + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X 2 +…+ β n X n+ ε

Where:

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

Y represents the predicted residential solid waste generation

β 0 is the intercept ( constant ) term

β 1 , β 2 ,… , β n are the coefficients associated with each

independent variable ( X 1 , X 2 , … , X n )

X 1 , X 2 , … , X n are theindependent variables, such as

demographic ∧socioeconomic

ε is the error term , representingthe variability

that is not explained by the model

To answer the problems raised in this study, the researchers used the descriptive-

correlational method. The survey technique was used to assess the actual residential solid

waste produced by each family, demographic and socioeconomic profile of the respondents.

Moreover, the correlational research design will establish the relationship between the

residential solid waste generation and the demographic and socioeconomic profile of the

respondents.

The population of the study includes the residents of the Municipality of Luna. In

identifying the sample respondents, qouta sampling strategy was utilized. The researchers set

50 respondents as their total respondents and conducted the survey within the municipality of

Luna.

To gather data for this study, a survey questionnaire was used which was checked and

validated by the adviser. The gathered data was analyzed using frequency counts,

percentages, weighted mean, correlation analysis and regression analysis.

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

CHAPTER III

FINDINGS

This part presents the results of the data analysis and their corresponding discussion.

The presentation follows the sequence of the research questions as stipulated in the statement

of the problem.

1. Actual Residential Solid Waste Produced

1 (2%)

6 (12%)
13 (26%)

30 (60%)

1 kg 2 kg 3 kg 4 kg

Figure 2: Daily Residential Solid Waste Produced

Figure 2 displays the daily residential solid waste produced by each family of the

respondents. It can be seen in the pie graph the frequency and percentage of waste in different

weight categories. Based on the result, most families produced 2 kg waste which comprise of

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30 or 60% of the respondents, and only 1or 2% produced 4 kg residential waste daily. The

weighted mean waste produced daily is 2.18 kg. This is lower than the actual residential solid

waste produced in the Municipality of Luna which is 4.6415 for the year 2014 (Solid Waste

Management Plan, 2016-2025).

These findings can be valuable for waste management and sustainability efforts,

helping to understand the distribution of waste weights and tailor strategies for waste

reduction, recycling, and disposal in residential areas.

2. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

2.1 Number of Family Members

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of number of

family members
Number of family members Frequency Percentage
2 4 8
3 9 18
4 16 32
5 12 24
6 5 10
7 3 6
8 0 0
9 1 2
Total 50 100.00

Table 1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents based on

the number of family members in their households. It can be seen in the table that 16 or 32%

of the respondents have 4 family members, 12 or 24% have 5 family members, 9 or 18% of

the respondents have 3 family members, 5 or 10% of the respondents have 6 family members,

4 or 8% of the respondents have 2 family members, 3 or 6% of the respondents have 7 family

members, 1 or 2% of the respondents have 9 family members, and no respondents reported

having 8 family members. It indicates that households with 4 and 5 family members are the

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most common, while smaller and larger family sizes are also represented but to a lesser

extent.

2.2 Age

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Age

Age Frequency Percentage
25 and below 14 28
26 – 35 15 30
36 – 45 16 32
46 – 55 1 2
56 and above 4 8
Total 50 100.00

The provided table, Table 2, which displays the frequency and percentage distribution

of respondents based on their ages, offers valuable insights into the demographics of the

surveyed population. It can be gleaned that 16 or 32% of the respondents are in the 36-45 age

category, 15 or 30% of the respondents fall into the 26-35 age range and 14 or 28% of the

respondents are aged 25 or below. Moreover, 4 or 8% of the respondents are 56 years old and

above while only 1 or 2% of the respondents are aged between 46 and 55. It's evident that

respondents are spread across various age groups, ranging from those aged 25 and below to

those aged 56 and above.

2.3 House Size

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of House Size
House Size (in square meters) Frequency Percentage
Small House (40 and below) 27 54
Medium-Sized House (41 – 90) 17 34
Large (91 and above) 6 12
Total 50 100.00

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Table 3 provides a valuable overview of the frequency and percentage distribution of

survey respondents based on the size of their houses in square meters. It's evident that the

majority of respondents (27 or 54%) reside in small houses, while 17 or 34% live in medium-

sized houses, and 6 or 12% occupy large houses. This distribution suggests a variety of

housing options within the surveyed area.

3. Socio-economic Profile of the Respondents

3.1 Monthly Income

Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Monthly

Income
Monthly Income Frequency Percentage
10,000 and below 37 74
10,001 – 20,000 5 10
20,001 – 30,000 3 6
30,001 – 40,000 3 6
40,001 – 50,000 1 1
50,001 and above 1 1
Total 50 100.00

Table 4 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents based on their

monthly income. The data highlights income inequality, with a substantial majority of

respondents (74%) falling into the lowest income category (10,000 and below). While there is

income diversity, the data shows a relatively limited representation in the middle-income

categories (10,001 - 50,000). Moreover, the table indicates that a small percentage of

respondents (2%) have relatively high incomes, earning 50,001 and above.

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

3.2 Employment Status

Table 5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Employment

Status
Employment Status Frequency Percentage
Contractual 5 10
Permanent 7 14
Self-Employed 18 36
Unemployed 20 40
Total 50 100.00

Table 5 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents based on

their employment status. The table demonstrates a diverse range of employment statuses

within the surveyed population, with four distinct categories - Contractual, Permanent, Self-

Employed, and Unemployed. The data reveals that a substantial portion of the respondents

(40%) falls under the "Unemployed" category. Self-employment is a significant category,

with 36% of respondents being classified as "Self-Employed." This may indicate a

prevalence of entrepreneurial activities within the area.

Moreover, the "Permanent" employment category includes 14% of respondents which

means that 7 of the respondents have stable, long-term employment. On the other hand,

contractual employment, representing 10% of the respondents, typically includes individuals

with fixed-term or temporary employment contracts.

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

3.3 Housing Types

Table 6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Housing

Types
Housing Type Frequency Percentage
Bungalow 34 64
Farm House 3 6
Story Building 5 10
Boarding House 3 6
Hotel 2 4
Others 3 6
Total 50 100.00

Table 6 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents based on their

housing types. The data reveals that bungalows are the most common housing type, with 64%

of respondents residing in this type of housing. While bungalows dominate, there is still

diversity in the housing types reported. This includes farmhouses, story buildings, boarding

houses, hotels, and other types, each representing a portion of the population.

3.4 Highest Educational Attainment

Table 7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Highest

Educational Attainment
Highest Educational Attainment
PhD Graduate
With PhD units
Masters Graduate
With Masters unit
College Graduate
Frequency Percentage
2 4
0 0
3 6
1 2
25 50

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

High School Graduate/Student 19 38

Total 50 100.00

Table 7 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents based on

their highest educational attainment. The majority of respondents (50%) are college graduates

while high school graduates and students account for 38% of the respondents. There is also a

presence of respondents with PhD and master's degrees, albeit in smaller numbers (4% and

6% respectively), and some respondents have completed units toward PhD or master's

degrees.

4. Relationship between the actual solid waste produced by each family with regards to

their demographic and socioeconomic profile

4.1 Demographic Profile

Table 8. Pearson r Test Results on the Relationship Between the Actual Solid Waste
produced by each family with regards to their demographic profile
Variables Demographic Profile r-value p-value Decision at 0.05
Number of Family
0.4840 3.8325 NS
Members
Actual Solid Waste
Age 0.0032 0.0223 S
House Size -0.0097 -0.0670 NS

Table 8 provides the Pearson correlation (r-value) test results on the relationship

between the actual solid waste produced by each family and their demographic profile.

Based on the result, here is a positive correlation (r-value of 0.4840) between the

actual solid waste produced and the number of family members. However, the p-value

(3.8325) is significantly higher than the chosen significance level of 0.05. As a result, the

correlation is not statistically significant. In other words, there is not enough evidence to

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assert that the number of family members significantly affects the amount of solid waste

produced.

On the other hand, there is a very weak positive correlation (r-value of 0.0032)

between the actual solid waste produced and age. The p-value (0.0223) is lower than the

chosen significance level of 0.05. Despite the weak correlation, the p-value indicates that this

relationship is statistically significant. In other words, age significantly affect the amount of

solid waste produced..

Furthermore, there is a very weak negative correlation (r-value of -0.0097) between

the actual solid waste produced and house size. Similar to the number of family members

correlation, the p-value (-0.0670) is higher than the significance level of 0.05, indicating that

this correlation is not statistically significant. House size does not have a statistically

significant relationship with actual solid waste production.

In summary, the analysis of the data reveals the following findings: a) The number of

family members is not significantly related to actual solid waste production, b) Age shows a

statistically significant relationship with solid waste production, but the correlation is very

weak, and c) House size does not exhibit a statistically significant relationship with actual

solid waste production. This supports Noufal, et. al (2020) research, which found no

substantial statistically significant correlation between the number of family members and

solid waste production. Moreover, the result is consistent with the findings of Grover, P., &

Singh, P. (2014), which found no house size is not a significant factor affecting the quantity

of solid wastes from household consumption. Additionally, Talalaj, I. A., & Walery, M.

(2015) found out a positive relationship between the percentage of the medium age group

(population aged 15 to 59 years) and solid waste generation

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

4.2 Socioeconomic Profile

Table 9. Pearson r Test Results on the Relationship Between the Actual Solid Waste
produced by each family with regards to their socioeconomic profile
Variables Socioeconomic Profile r-value p-value Decision at 0.05
Monthly Income 0.1252 0.8743 NS
Employment Status 0.0461 0.3200 NS
Actual Solid Waste Housing Type 0.1426 0.9983 NS
Highest Educational
-0.0466 -0.3233 NS
Attainment

Table 9 presents the Pearson correlation (r-value) test results on the relationship

between the actual solid waste produced by each family and their socioeconomic profile.

Based on the table, there is a very weak positive correlation (r-value of 0.1252)

between the actual solid waste produced and monthly income. However, the p-value (0.8743)

is much higher than the chosen significance level of 0.05. This means there is not enough

evidence to conclude that the correlation is statistically significant. Monthly income does not

significantly affect the amount of solid waste produced.

Additionally, there is a very weak positive correlation (r-value of 0.0461) between the

actual solid waste produced and employment status. However, the p-value (0.3200) is higher

than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, this correlation is not statistically significant.

Employment status does not significantly affect the amount of solid waste produced.

Moreover, there is a very weak positive correlation (r-value of 0.1426) between the

actual solid waste produced and housing type. However, the p-value (0.9983) is significantly

higher than the chosen significance level of 0.05. Thus, this correlation is not statistically

significant. Housing type does not significantly affect the amount of solid waste produced.

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

Finally, there is a very weak negative correlation (r-value of -0.0466) between the

actual solid waste produced and highest educational attainment. The p-value (0.3233) is

higher than the significance level of 0.05, indicating that this correlation is not statistically

significant. Highest educational attainment does not significantly affect the amount of solid

waste produced.

In summary, the table provides the results of Pearson correlation tests between the

actual solid waste produced by families and their socioeconomic profile variables, including

monthly income, employment status, housing type, and highest educational attainment. In

each case, the p-value is significantly higher than the 0.05 significance level, indicating that

there is no statistically significant correlation between these socioeconomic variables and the

amount of solid waste produced. The result contradicts the findings of Teshome, Y. M., et. al.

(2023), which suggest that monthly income, educational level, and solid waste generation rate

showed positive correlations, indicating that solid waste production increases with household

prosperity and different home consumption habits, however, other socioeconomic factor such

as job status and home ownership, had no significant impact on the solid waste generation.

Similarly, another study on solid waste management conducted by Debrah, J. K., et. al.

(2021) in developing economies, specifically Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan, found no

significant correlation between household solid waste sorting at source and job status or

house type.

5. Mathematical Equation used to Forecast Residential Solid Waste in the Municipality of

Luna

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

Table 10. Multiple Regression Analysis between the Actual Solid produced by each family
with regards and the Demographic and Socioeconomic Factor
Variables Coefficients Standard Error
Actual Solid Waste 1(Y ) 0.381 0.817
Number of Family Members 1 (X ) 0.252 0.064
(X
Age 2 ) 0.090 0.090
House Size (X 3) -0.002 0.003
Monthly Income (X 4 ) 0.062 0.081
Employment Status (X 5) -0.041 0.102
Housing Type (X 6) 0.056 0.044
Highest Educational Attainment (X 7) 0.094 0.098

Table 10 show the results of a multiple regression analysis, which is used to model the

relationship between a dependent variable (Actual Solid Waste produced by each family) and

multiple independent variables or predictors; demographic factors (Number of Family

Members, Age, and House Size) and socioeconomic factors (Monthly Income, Employment

Status, Housing Type and Highest Educational Attainment)

Based on the result, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model for forecasting

residential solid waste is

Y =0.381+ 0.252 X 1+ 0.090 X 2−0.002 X 3 + 0.062 X 4−0.041 X 5+ 0.056 X 6 +0.094 X 7 +0.817

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APAYAO SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL LUNA DISTRICT

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion was drawn:

1. Families are producing significantly less solid waste daily compared to the municipal

average for 2014, which has important implications for waste management and

sustainability efforts. This suggests that these households might be proactive in waste

reduction and efficient waste management. Further research is needed to understand

the factors behind this difference. Investigating lower waste production in these

households could provide insights to improve waste management in the municipality,

potentially leading to more eco-friendly strategies that benefit both the community

and the environment.

2. The study highlights the common occurrence of households with 4 and 5 family

members but acknowledges the presence of smaller and larger family sizes. This

diversity in family sizes has significant implications for demographic and sociological

analyses. Understanding this distribution can inform policies, resource allocation, and

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social services, offering insights into household dynamics and their potential effects

on housing, education, and community development. Recognizing and

accommodating this diversity is crucial for crafting tailored and inclusive strategies

that address the specific needs of the local population.

3. The diversity of age groups represented in this study is indicative of a broad range of

perspectives, experiences, and needs within the community. Such demographic

insights are valuable for understanding the unique characteristics of the population

and are instrumental in tailoring policies, services, and programs to meet the varying

requirements of different age groups.

4. There is a diversity of housing options within the Municipality of Luna, ranging from

compact living spaces to more spacious accommodations. Such insights into housing

size are instrumental for understanding the housing landscape within the community

and may inform future housing planning and development decisions.

5. There is an economic disparity within the surveyed population and emphasize the

challenges associated with income inequality. Recognizing these disparities is

essential for policy development, social welfare initiatives, and efforts to address

income inequality and improve the overall well-being of the community.

6. There is a complexity of employment dynamics within the surveyed population,

illustrating both economic challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurship. It

provides essential insights for understanding the local workforce and highlights areas

where support and policies may be needed to address unemployment and promote

economic growth.

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7. There is a variety of living arrangements within the surveyed area, reflecting different

preferences, lifestyles, and community characteristics. It underscores the richness of

housing options available and highlights the importance of accommodating different

living preferences to cater to the needs and choices of the local population.

Understanding this housing diversity is essential for urban planning and community

development initiatives that aim to create inclusive and well-tailored living

environments.

8. The diversity in educational backgrounds among the surveyed population underlines

the wide range of academic achievements. This diversity is instrumental in providing

a comprehensive understanding of the community's workforce and educational

landscape. It reflects the rich tapestry of qualifications and expertise present in the

population, offering valuable insights for educational planning, career development,

and addressing the specific needs of the community.

9. Family size and house size may not be significant contributors to solid waste

production, while age has a subtle but statistically significant impact. These results

can inform waste management and sustainability efforts within the community,

offering opportunities to develop more effective strategies for waste reduction and

management. Further research may help uncover the nuanced factors influencing solid

waste production in more detail.

10. The socioeconomic profile variables examined do not appear to be significantly

associated with variations in solid waste production. Further research and

consideration may be necessary to explore other factors that may influence waste

production in the surveyed population.

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11. The model crafted in this study can be utilized for forecasting residential solid waste

production. It incorporates the effects of the specified independent variables on the

dependent variable, allowing for predictions of solid waste production based on the

given demographic and socioeconomic factors. This model provides a valuable tool

for understanding and potentially optimizing waste management strategies in the

Municipality of Luna.

REFERENCES

Araiza-Aguilar, J. A., et. al. (2020). Forecast generation model of municipal solid waste using
multiple linear regression. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6(1),
1-14.

Cha, G. et. al. (2023). Developing a prediction model of demolition-waste generation-rate via
principal component analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health, 20(4), 3159.

Debrah, J. K., et. al. (2021). Raising awareness on solid waste management through formal
education for sustainability: A developing countries evidence review. Recycling, 6(1), 6

Golbaz, S., Nabizadeh, R., & Sajadi, H. S. (2019). Comparative study of predicting hospital
solid waste generation using multiple linear regression and artificial intelligence. Journal of
Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 17, 41-51.

Grover, P., & Singh, P. (2014). An analytical study oif effect of family Income and size on
per capita household solid waste generation in developing countries. American Research
Institute for Policy Development, 3(1), 127-143.

Mohammad K. Younes, et. al.. (2015) Solid waste forecasting using modified ANFIS
modeling, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65:10, 1229-
1238, DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1075919

Noufal, M., et. al. (2020). Determinants of household solid waste generation and composition
in Homs City, Syria. Journal of environmental and public Health, 2020.

Solid Waste Management Plan for 2016 – 2025 of the Municipality of Luna

Talalaj, I. A., & Walery, M. (2015). The effect of gender and age structure on municipal
waste generation in Poland. Waste management, 40, 3-8.

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Teshome, Y. M., et. al. (2023). Municipal solid wastes quantification and model
forecasting. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 9(2), 227-240.

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