Atomic bomb

O P P E N H E I M E R
Index 1 What is?/Operation

2 History/Origins

3 Studies

4 Second World War

5 Oppenheimer

6 Advances in nuclear armament

7 Actual discoveries

8 Consequences
 Meet us

Itxaso Calvo Ruth González

Atomic bomb
It is based on the nuclear fission of heavy atomic nuclei
into lighter elements, through the bombardment of
neutrons that, upon impacting said material, cause a
nuclear chain reaction (that could maybe be endless).
For this to happen, it is necessary to use fissile isotopes,
such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239.

‘Little boy’
Used to bombard Hiroshima
(Japan) from the USA
•The bomb uses U235
•140000 people died
•16 kilotones
 History

Nuclear fission
On December 19, 1938, two German chemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz
Strassmann, made one of the craziest discoveries in history. When this was
discovered, the entire
In their laboratory in Berlin, Hahn and Strassmann were in the scientific community
middle of an experiment: they were bombarding uranium nuclei was aware, some
with neutrons, within the framework of the emerging field of
excited and others
nuclear physics, when they managed to split an atom into two
worried about what it
equal parts, releasing energy and other elements. —like barium— in
the process. could mean, because
in these years the
The physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch, who were in contact Second World War
with Hahn and Strassmann, analyzed these data and in 1939 gave was taking shape.
the phenomenon a name: nuclear fission.
Related studies ‘Manhattan proyect’
The US president wanted to
develop a new bomb for
World War II, Albert
Einstein suggested that he
try an atomic bomb. This
study of a new bomb was
developed by scientists at
Columbia, Manhattan (hence
the name), such as
Oppenheimer.

A controlled detonation was

carried out in the New
Mexico desert on 16 July
1945, one month before the
dropping of the Hiroshima
and Nagasaki bombs. The
Trinity test was the first
test of a nuclear weapon by
the United States.
Second World War
Little context
Between 1939 and 1945 there was a
war with the highest casualties
between military and civilians
from many different countries.
After the first, the Treaty of
Versailles was signed, where
Germany was disadvantaged. With
the debt, the colonial distribution
and the crises, Germany
reemerged militarily and from a
certain point there was no way to
stop it without starting this war.
Atomic bomb
Many countries got involved,
Germany's allies surrendered as
the years went by, leaving only
Japan unwilling to surrender.
Here the atomic bomb came into
play, to achieve the surrender of
Japan. After two never-before-seen
atomic bombs, Japan surrendered
and the war ended.
As Oppenheimer said, this war and
all those to come will end
Oppenheimer
He was an American theoretical physicist and professor
of physics at the University of California at Berkeley. He
is one of the people often named "father of the atomic
bomb" due to his outstanding participation in the
Manhattan Project, the project that managed to develop
the first nuclear weapons in history, during World War
II. The first nuclear bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945
at the Trinity Test, in New Mexico, United States.

He was Jewish, not well liked, and was suspected of

having ties to the communist party. After his work on the
project and in the war he was involved in government
activities that damaged his reputation until many years
later when he was recognized for his involvement and
effort. At this point he left us some very famous words, "I
have become death, the destroyer of worlds."

This same year a film was released about him and this
whole topic, we recommend that you see it
 Advances in nuclear armament
Countries Types

Russia Strategic nuclear weapon

USA Tactical nuclear weapon (shorter
China range)
France Missiles (nuclear warheads)
UK SAM (nuclear warheads)
Pakistan Suitcase nuclear devices
India Special atomic demolition
North Korea ammunition
Israel
Current discoveries
Thanks to infrasound sensors for detecting nuclear
bombs placed throughout the oceans, we have been able
to detect other things such as the songs of several
populations of blue whales in the central Indian Ocean,
discovering new species; warnings of meteorites close
to Earth; studying underwater volcanic activity and so
on.

For generations, these creatures swam the ocean

without encountering humans. Some specimens grew
up to 24 metres long and weighed 90 tonnes. Until
recently, we didn't even know they existed: a pod of
pygmy blue whales in the Indian Ocean.
 Consecuences
Biological organism Buildings
Burns and severe injuries Anything that could be found is crushed
and the debris is ejected at supersonic
from the bomb, in case of
speeds, forming a huge crater.
survival the radiation can In a typical pump of about 20 Mt, a
cause cancer and later temperature inside the pump of about
300 million °C is reached in a matter of
deaths
nanoseconds. Note that the centre of the
Sun only reaches 20 million degrees.
Survival chances
From 1.5 to 2.5 km distance, the
chance of death is only 15%. And
at points 3 to 20 km away,
fatalities are reduced to only 2-
3%. But that is only the instant
survival, the subsequent death
from radiation is almost
inevitable.
Webgraphy 1 Dw.com

2 bbc.com

3 icrc.com

4 nationalgeographic.com

5 https://medium.com/diferencia
s/el-bombardeo-de-hiroshima-y-
nagasaki-72d080f2ac29

6 wikipedia.com
Thank you very much!
For your attention