Structure – contrast between ‘fragile colouristic passages Similar to the contrasting phrases of the flute and voice in and more energetic passages’ ‘Songs of a mad king’ – Peter Maxwell Davis Uses conventional stave notation As in ‘The song of the white horse (Blowing Stone) - Bedford Despite this – no bars or bar numbers More like Vox 5 by Wishart, which is measured in seconds Some aleatoric elements in that the length of passagework Very similar to ‘Songs of a mad king’ which includes is not fixed. repetition of passagework an unknown number of times – Also Zyklus by Stockhausen – where the percussionist can start anywhere in the score and go in any direction Use of individual symbols to represent playing techniques, Similar to the extended playing techniques used in ‘Zoom which are then shown in a key. Tube’ – Ian Clarke Use of quarter tones Also Zoom tube and in the brass parts of ‘The blowing stone’ Electronic distortion Used heavily in ‘The blowing stone’ to create the noise of the wind passing through the hole in the stone. Electronics - Reverb Used heavily in ‘Vox 5’ to create the images of bees, thunder, guns etc Electronics – Harmoniser (change of pitch) Here the original sound is blended with the shifted sound – which is never more than a quarter tone. Dynamics – Extreme from silence through pppp-ffff Ian Clarke’s ‘Zoom tube’ ranges from ‘niente – nothing’ to fff, crescendoing to sffz Textures – monophony (10) The whole of stripsody by Cathy Beberian, which is unaccompanied voice Double stopping (11) String parts in ‘St Veronica wipes his face’ – Peter Maxwell Davis Harmonics As used in the solo flute part of ‘Zoom tube’ Colouristic block sounds Used in ‘The blowing stone’ for wind sound and in Vox 5 Tempo – quick and vast changes Used in Stripsody as the singer passes through the contrasting pictures of a comic strip No metre As in Zyklus. Here the percussionist is free to explore different, relatively fixed ideas in a relative time frame.