Module 7 and 8

Chapter 3

Expected Outcome:

At the end of this topic, the learners could be able to:

a. identifies and understand the list of mental disorders that primarily contribute to criminal
behavior according to research

b. compare and analyze the distinctions of mental disorders.

c. understands and critique the administration of justice in consideration of mental disorders

d. realize how Philippine courts consider mental disorders through decided criminal cases by
the court of appeal and supreme court.

Segment 1: Mental Disorders

A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or

mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such
features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode. Many
disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific
disorders. Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.

Causes of Mental Disorders

The most common model used by psychologists to explain why mental disorders occur
is called the biopsychosocial model. If you break that word down to its parts it simply means that
biological, psychological and social factors all contribute to mental disorder.

The Biopsychosocial model was first conceptualized by George Engel in 1977, suggesting that
to understand a person's medical condition it is not simply the biological factors to consider, but
also the psychological and social factors.
Bio (physiological pathology)

Psycho (thoughts emotions and behaviors such as psychological distress, fear/avoidance

beliefs, current coping methods and attribution)

Social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors such as work issues, family
circumstances and benefits/economics)

This model is commonly used in chronic pain, with the view that the pain is a
psychophysiological behaviour pattern that cannot be categorized into biological, psychological,
or social factors alone. There are suggestions that physiotherapy should integrate psychological
treatment to address all components comprising the experience of chronic pain. The diagram
below shows an example of this model.

Biopsychosocial-model-of-health

Neurosis and Psychosis

What is Neurosis?

· Neurosis, plural neuroses, also called psychoneurosis or plural psychoneuroses,

mental disorder that causes a sense of distress and deficit in functioning.

· Neuroses are characterized by anxiety, depression, or other feelings of unhappiness

or distress that are out of proportion to the circumstances of a person’s life. They may
impair a person’s functioning in virtually any area of his life, relationships, or external
affairs, but they are not severe enough to incapacitate the person. Affected patients
generally do not suffer from the loss of the sense of reality seen in persons with
psychoses.

The symptoms of neurosis are the following:

a. Anxiety Reaction

Anxiety is the feeling we all get when we think something bad might happen. It is a normal
response to stress and normally causes only a mild reaction. When anxiety becomes more
severe, it can interfere with daily life. In some cases, you may not even be aware of what you’re
anxious about.
b. Dissociative Reaction

Dissociative disorders are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack
of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity. People with
dissociative disorders escape reality in ways that are involuntary and unhealthy and cause
problems with functioning in everyday life.

Dissociative disorders usually develop as a reaction to trauma and help keep difficult memories
at bay.

c. Conversion Reaction

Conversion disorder is a disorder in which a person experiences blindness, paralysis, or other

symptoms affecting the nervous system that cannot be explained solely by a physical illness or
injury. Symptoms usually begin suddenly after a period of emotional or physical distress or
psychological conflict.

d. Phobic Reaction

A loose definition of a phobic reaction is any reaction to a phobia. These reactions are
symptoms -- for example, feeling intense anxiety or sweaty palms -- and may range from mild to
severe.

e. Obsessive – Compulsive Reaction

Persistent and unavoidable thoughts and urges, often unpleasant and unwelcome, and the
irresistible, irrational acts which follow; seemingly compelled and thus not acting by choice or
judgment.

f. Depressive Reaction

Depressive reaction refers to depression, usually accompanied by guilt, feelings of inferiority,

and anxiety.
The neurotic disorders are distinct from psychotic disorders in that the individual with neurotic
symptoms has a firm grip on reality, and the psychotic patient does not. There are several major
traditional categories of psychological neuroses. These include:

a. Anxiety neurosis. Mental illness defined by excessive anxiety and worry, sometimes
involving panic attacks and manifesting itself in physical symptoms such as tremor, chest pain,
sweating, and nausea.

b. Depressive neurosis. A mental illness characterized by a profound feeling of sadness or

despair and a lack of interest in things that were once pleasurable.

c. Obsessive-compulsive neurosis. The persistent and distressing recurrence of intrusive

thoughts or images (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).

d. Somatization (formerly called hysterical neurosis). The presence of real and significant
physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition, but are instead a
manifestation of anxiety or other mental distress.

e. Post-traumatic stress disorder (also called war or combat neurosis). Severe stress and
functional disability caused by witnessing a traumatic event such as war combat or any other
event that involved death or serious injury.

f. Compensation neurosis. Not a true neurosis, but a form of malingering, or feigning

psychological symptoms for monetary or other personal gain.

What is psychosis?

· Psychosis came from the word psyche, for mind/soul, and osis, for abnormal
conditions. It means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for
a mental state often described as involving a loss of contact with reality

· The word psychosis is used to describe conditions that affect the mind, where there
has been some loss of contact with reality. When someone becomes ill in this way it is
called a psychotic episode. During a period of psychosis, a person’s thoughts and
perceptions are disturbed and the individual may have difficulty understanding what is
real and what is not.
The symptoms of Psychosis are the following

a. Involution Reaction

demonstrate severe depression during the involution period without previous history of
psychosis.

b. Affective Reaction

There is a presence of inappropriately exaggerated mood and marked change in activity level
with associated thought disorder.

c. Manic-Depressive Reaction

Shows cyclical disturbances involving various combinations of or alteration between excitement

and delusional optimism on the one hand and immobilizing, delusional depression on the other.

d. Schizophrenic Reaction

Bizarre behavior; disturbances of thought and reality testing; emotional withdrawal; and varying
levels of psychotic thinking and behavior.

What Are the Types of Psychotic Disorders?

a. Schizophrenia

The most common psychotic disorder is schizophrenia. Patients with this condition experience
changes in behavior, delusions and hallucinations that last longer than six months. Those
diagnosed with this type of disorder often show a decline in social function, school and work.

b. Schizoaffective Disorder

Patients with schizoaffective disorder have symptoms of both a mood disorder, such as
depression and schizophrenia.
c. Schizophreniform Disorder

Is a mental disorder diagnosed when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for a significant
portion of time (at least a month), but signs of disturbance are not present for the full six months
required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

d. Brief Psychotic Disorder

When a patient has only short, sudden episodes of psychotic behavior, the condition is
diagnosed as brief psychotic disorder. These episodes are typically a response to a stressful
situation and usually last less than a month.

e. Delusional Disorder

Patients that have false, fixed beliefs involving real-life situations that could be true, such as
having a disease or being conspired against, are diagnosed with delusional disorder. These
delusions persist for at least one month.

f. Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Sometimes, withdrawal from substances like methamphetamines and alcohol cause delusions
and hallucinations. This is known as substance-induced psychotic disorder.

g. Psychotic Disorder Due to a Medical Condition

When psychotic disorder symptoms are a result of illnesses that affect the function of the brain,
such as a brain tumor, the patient is diagnosed with psychotic disorder due to a medical
condition.

h. Paraphrenia

Paraphrenia is schizophrenia in elderly patients.

 NEUROSIS PSYCHOSIS

· Associated with anxiety and · Associated with hallucination

phobia and delusions

· Corresponding mental · Corresponding mental

disorders include, anxiety disorder, disorders include schizophrenia,
eating disorders, phobias, manic depressive disorder,
depression, obsessive-compulsive dissociative identity disorder.
personality disorder.

· Neurotic people are more in · Lost contact to reality

touch with reality

· Is rarely connected with organic · Can be caused by organic

changes inside the brain problems with the brain

Segment 2. Anxiety Disorder

· Anxiety is a normal emotion. It’s your brain’s way of reacting to stress and alerting
you of potential danger ahead. Everyone feels anxious now and then. For example, you
may worry when faced with a problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an
important decision.

· Occasional anxiety is OK. But anxiety disorders are different. They’re a group of
mental illnesses that cause constant and overwhelming anxiety and fear. The excessive
anxiety can make you avoid work, school, family get-togethers, and other social
situations that might trigger or worsen your symptoms.

· Anxiety disorders are real, serious medical conditions - just as real and serious as
physical disorders such as heart disease or diabetes. Anxiety disorders are the most
common and pervasive mental disorders.
 · The term "anxiety disorder" refers to specific psychiatric disorders that involve
extreme fear or worry.

Types of Anxiety Disorders

There are several types of anxiety disorders:

a. Generalized anxiety disorder.

You feel excessive, unrealistic worry and tension with little or no reason.

b. Panic disorder.

You feel sudden, intense fear that brings on a panic attack. During a panic attack you may break
out in a sweat, have chest pain, and have a pounding heartbeat (palpitations). Sometimes you
may feel like you’re choking or having a heart attack.

c. Social anxiety disorder

Also called social phobia, this is when you feel overwhelming worry and self-consciousness
about everyday social situations. You obsessively worry about others judging you or being
embarrassed or ridiculed.

d. Specific phobias

You feel intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as heights or flying. The fear goes
beyond what’s appropriate and may cause you to avoid ordinary situations.

e. Agoraphobia

You have an intense fear of being in a place where it seems hard to escape or get help if an
emergency occurs. For example, you may panic or feel anxious when on an airplane, public
transportation, or standing in line with a crowd.
f. Separation anxiety

Little kids aren’t the only ones who feel scared or anxious when a loved one leaves. Anyone can
get separation anxiety disorder. If you do, you’ll feel very anxious or fearful when a person
you’re close with leaves your sight. You’ll always worry that something bad may happen to your
loved one.

g. Selective mutism

This is a type of social anxiety in which young kids who talk normally with their family don’t
speak in public, like at school.

h. Medication-induced anxiety disorder

Use of certain medications or illegal drugs, or withdrawal from certain drugs, can trigger some
symptoms of anxiety disorder.

I. Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

The main symptom of anxiety disorders is excessive fear or worry. Anxiety disorders can also
make it hard to breathe, sleep, stay still, and concentrate. Your specific symptoms depend on
the type of anxiety disorder you have.

J. Specific Phobias

An intense fear of a specific object or situation. Phobia is being exaggerated, unrealistic fear of
a specific situation, activity, or object.

Some specific phobias are:

Ablutophobia – Fear of bathing, cleaning or washing

Acarophobia – Fear of itching or tiny insects that cause itching

Acerophobia – Fear of sourness

Achluophobia – Fear of darkness

Acousticophobia – Fear of noise

Acrophobia – Fear of heights

Aerophobia – Fear of flying, drafts or fresh air

Algophobia – Fear of pain

Agoraphobia – Fear of crowds of people and open spaces

Agrizoophobia – Fear of wild animals

Agyrophobia – Fear of crossing roads

Aichmophobia – Fear of pointed objects, like needles

Ailurophobia – Fear of cats

Albuminurophobia – Fear of kidney disease

Alektorophobia – Fear of chickens

Alliumphobia – Fear of garlic

Allodoxaphobia – Fear of opinions

Amathophobia – Fear of dust

Amaxophobia – Fear of being in a car

Ambulophobia – Fear of walking

Amychophobia – Fear of being scratched

Anablephobia – Fear of looking up

Androphobia – Fear of men

Anemophobia – Fear of wind or drafts

Anglophobia – Fear of England or Britain

Anginophobia – Fear of choking

Anthrophobia – Fear of flowers

Antlophobia – Fear of floods

Anuptaphobia – Fear of staying single

Apeirophobia – Fear of infinity

Anthropophobia – Fear of people or society

Aphenphosmphobia – Fear of intimacy

Apiphobia – Fear of bees or bee stings

Arachibutyrophobia – Fear of peanut butter getting stuck to the roof of the mouth

Aquaphobia – Fear of water

Arachnophobia – Fear of spiders

Arithmophobia – Fear of numbers

Asthenophobia – Fear of fainting

Astraphobia – Fear of thunder and lightning

Astrophobia – Fear of celestial space

Ataxiophobia – Fear of ataxia, which is muscular incoordination

Ataxophobia – Fear of disorder or untidiness

Atelophobia – Fear of imperfection

Athazagoraphobia – Fear of being forgotten or ignored

Atychiphobia – Fear of failure

Aulophobia – Fear of flutes

Aurophobia – Fear of gold

Auroraphobia – Fear of an Aurora, sometimes called northern lights

Automatonophobia – Fear of ventriloquist dummies or wax statues

Automysophobia – Fear of being dirty

Autophobia – Fear of being alone

Aviophobia – Fear of flying

Bacteriophobia – Fear of bacteria

Ballistophobia – Fear of missiles or bullets

Barophobia – Fear of gravity

Basophobia – Fear of falling

Bathmophobia – Fear of steep inclines, slopes and stairs

Bathophobia – Fear of depths

Batrachophobia – Fear of amphibians

Belonephobia – Fear of pins and needles

Bibliophobia – Fear of books or reading aloud

Bogyphobia – Fear of the bogeyman

Botanophobia – Fear of plants

Bovinophobia – Fear of cows or cattle

Bromidrosiphobia – Fear of body smells

Bufonophobia – Fear of toads

Cacophobia – Fear of ugliness

Cainophobia – Fear of newness or novelty

Caligynephobia – Fear of beautiful women

Carcinophobia – Feat of developing cancer

Cardiophobia – Fear of getting heart disease

Carnophobia – Fear of meat

Catagelophobia – Fear of being ridiculed

Catapedaphobia – Fear of jumping

Cathisophobia – Fear of sitting

Catoptrophobia – Fear of mirrors or the undead

Ceraunophobia – Fear of thunder and lightning

Cetaphobia – Fear of whales

Chaetophobia – Fear of hair

Chemophobia – Fear of chemicals or chemistry

Cherophobia – Fear of happiness

Chionophobia – Fear of snow

Chiraptophobia – Fear of being touched

Chirophobia – Fear of hands

Chiroptophobia – Fear of bats

Cholerophobia – Fear of anger, or being afraid of cholera

Chorophobia – Fear of dancing

Chrometophobia – Fear of money

Chromophobia – Fear of colors

Chronomentrophobia – Fear of clocks

Cibophobia – Fear of food

Chloephobia – Fear of newspapers

Chronophobia – Fear of Time

Claustrophobia – Fear of confined spaces

Cleisiophobia – Fear of being locked in a space that is enclosed

Climacophobia – Fear of climbing, especially stairs

Clinophobia – Fear of beds or going to bed

Coimetrophobia – Fear of cemeteries

Contreltophobia – Fear of sexual abuse

Coprastasophobia – Fear of constipation

Coprophobia – Fear of feces or defecation

Coulrophobia – Fear of clowns

Cremnophobia – Fear of steep cliffs

Cryophobia – Fear of extreme cold

Crystallophobia – Fear of crystals or glass

Cyberphobia – Fear of computers

Cyclophobia – Fear of bicycles

Cynophobia – Fear of dogs

Decidophobia – Fear of making decisions

Defecaloesiophobia – Fear of painful bowel movements

Deipnophobia – Fear of dining with others

Dementophobia – Fear of going insane

Demonophobia – Fear of demons

Dendrophobia – Fear of trees

Dentophobia – Fear of dentists

Dermatophobia – Fear of skin lesions or skin disease

Dextrophobia – Fear of having objects to your right

Didaskaleinophobia – Fear of going to school

Dikephobia – Fear of justice

Dinophobia – Fear of dizziness

Diplophobia – Fear of double vision

Dipsophobia – Fear of drinking alcohol

Dishabiliophobia – Fear of undressing in front of another person

Domatophobia – Fear of houses

Doraphobia – Fear of animal fur or skins

Dromophobia – Fear of crossing streets or wandering

Dysmorphophobia – Fear of deformity

Dystychiphobia – Fear of accidents

Ebulliophobia – Fear of bubbles

Ecclesiophobia – Fear of church

Ecophobia – Fear of one’s home

Eisoptrophobia – Fear of mirrors or seeing oneself in a mirror

Electrophobia – Fear of electricity

Eleutherophobia – Fear of freedom

Emetophobia – Fear of vomiting

Enetophobia – Fear of pins

Enochlophobia – Fear of crowds

Enosiophobia – Fear of criticism or committing an unpardonable sin

Entomophobia – Fear of insects

Eosophobia – Fear of dawn or daylight

Ephebiphobia – Fear of adolescents or youth

Epistaxiophobia – Fear of nosebleeds

Epistemophobia – Fear of knowledge

Equinophobia – Fear of horses

Eremophobia – Fear of being oneself

Ereuthrophobia – Fear of blushing

Ergophobia – Fear of work

Erotophobia – Fear of sex or sexual intimacy

Euphobia – Fear of hearing good news

Eurotophobia – fear of female genitalia

Febriphobia – Fear of fever

Francophobia – Fear of France or French people

Frigophobia – Fear of becoming too cold

Gamophobia – Fear of marriage

Geliophobia – Fear of laughter

Geniophobia – Fear of chins

Genuphobia – Fear of knees

Gerascophobia – Fear of growing old

Globophobia – Fear of balloons

Glossophobia – Fear of public speaking

Gymnophobia – Fear of nudity

Gynophobia – Fear of women

Hadephobia – Fear of hell

Hagiophobia – Fear of holy people, places and things, like saints

Harpaxophobia – Fear of being robbed

Hedonophobia – Fear of feeling pleasure

Heliophobia – Fear of the sun

Hemophobia – Fear of blood

Herpetophobia – Fear of reptiles

Heterophobia – Fear of heterosexuals

Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia – Fear of long words

Hodophobia – Fear of travel

Homichlophobia – Fear of fog or humidity

Homilophobia – Fear of sermons

Homophobia – Fear of homosexuality

Hoplophobia – Fear of firearms

Hydrophobia – Fear of water

Hylophobia – Fear of forests

Hypegiaphobia – Fear of responsibility

Hypochondria – Fear of illness

I
Iatrophobia – Fear of doctors

Ichthyophobia – Fear of fish

Ideophobia – Fear of new ideas or thoughts

Illyngophobia – Fear of vertigo

Insectophobia – Fear of insects

Iophobia – Fear of poison

Isolophobia – Fear of isolation

Ithyphallophobia – Fear of an erection

Japanophobia – Fear of Japanese people

Judeophobia – Fear of Jews

Kainolophobia – Fear of novelty

Kakorrhaphiophobia – Fear of failure

Katagelophobia – Fear of ridicule

Kathisophobia – Fear of sitting down

Kenophobia – Fear of empty spaces

Kinemortophobia – Fear of zombies

Kinetophobia – Fear of motion

Kleptophobia – Fear of theft

Koinoniphobia – Fear of rooms that are full of people

Kopophobia – Fear of fatigue

Koniophobia – Fear of dust

L

Lachanophobia – Fear of vegetables

Leprophobia – Fear of leprosy

Leukophobia – Fear of the color white

Ligyrophobia – Fear of loud noises

Lilapsophobia – Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes

Limnophobia – Fear of lakes

Linonophobia – Fear of string

Liticaphobia – Fear of lawsuits

Lockiophobia – Fear of childbirth

Logophobia – Fear of words

Luiphobia – Fear of syphilis

Lutraphobia – Fear of otters

Lygophobia – Fear of darkness

Mageirocophobia – Fear of cooking

Malaxophobia – Fear of love play

Mastigophobia – Fear of punishment

Mechanophobia – Fear of machines

Megalophobia – Fear of large things

Melanophobia – Fear of the color black

Melophobia – Fear of music

Menophobia – Fear of menstruation

Merinthophobia – Fear of being tied up

Metathesiophobia – Fear of changes

Methyphobia – Fear of drinking alcohol

Metrophobia – Fear of poetry

Microphobia – Fear of small things

Mnemophobia – Fear of memories

Motorphobia – Fear of automobiles

Musophobia – Fear of mice

Mycophobia – Fear of mushrooms

Myrmecophobia – Fear of ants

Mysophobia – Fear of dirt and germs

Myxophobia – Fear of slime

Necrophobia – Fear of death, dying and dead things

Neopharmaphobia – Fear of new drugs

Neophobia – Fear of anything new

Nephophobia – Fear of clouds

Noctiphobia – Fear of the night

Nomatophobia – Fear of names

Nomophobia – Fear of losing or being without your mobile phone

Nosocomephobia – Fear of hospitals

Nostophobia – Fear of returning home

Novercaphobia – Fear of stepmothers

Numerophobia – Fear of numbers

Nyctophobia – Fear of the dark

O

Obesophobia – Fear of gaining weight

Ochophobia – Fear of vehicles

Octophobia – Fear of the number 8

Odontophobia – Fear of dental surgery

Odynophobia – Fear of pain

Oenophobia – Fear of wines

Oikophobia – Fear of home

Olfactophobia – Fear of odors

Ombrophobia – Fear of rain

Ommetaphobia – Fear of eyes or eye care

Omphalophobia – Fear of belly buttons

Onomatophobia – Fear of certain words or names

Ophidiophobia – Fear of snakes

Ophthalmophobia – Fear of being stared at

Opiophobia – Fear of opioids

Optophobia – Fear of opening one’s eyes

Ornithophobia – Fear of birds

Osphresiophobia – Fear of smells

Ostraconophobia – Fear of shellfish

Ouranophobia – Fear of heaven

Pagophobia – Fear of ice or frost

Panophobia – Fear of an unknown evil

Papaphobia – Fear of the Pope

Papyrophobia – Fear of paper

Parasitophobia – Fear of parasites

Pathophobia – Fear of disease

Peccatophobia – Fear of sinning

Pediophobia – Fear of dolls

Pedophobia – Fear of children

Pentheraphobia – Fear of your mother-in-law

Phalacrophobia – Fear of going bald

Pharmacophobia – Fear of medicines

Phasmophobia – Fear of ghosts

Philemaphobia – Fear of kissing

Philophobia – Fear of love

Phobophobia – Fear of phobias

Phonophobia – Fear of loud noises

Photophobia – Fear of light

Phthisiophobia – Fear of tuberculosis

Placophobia – Fear of tombstones

Plutophobia – Fear of money or wealth

Podophobia – Fear of feet

Pogonophobia – Fear of beards

Poinephobia – Fear of punishment

Porphyrophobia – Fear of the color purple

Proctophobia – Fear of rectums

Pteridophobia – Fear of ferns

Pteromerhanophobia – Fear of flying

Pupaphobia – Fear of puppets

Pyrophobia – Fear of fire

Quadraphobia – Fearing the number four

Quintaphobia – Fearing the number five

Quadriplegiaphobia – Fearing becoming a quadriplegic or being afraid of quadriplegics

Radiophobia – Fear of radiation, X rays

Ranidaphobia – Fear of frogs

Rhabdophobia – Fear of being beaten or punishment

Rhypophobia – Fear of defecation

Rhytiphobia – Fear of getting wrinkles

Rupophobia – Fear of dirt

Russophobia – Fear of Russians

Samhainophobia – Fear of Halloween

Sarmassophobia – Fear of love play

Satanophobia – Fear of Satan

Scabiophobia – Fear of scabies

Scelerophobia – Fear of bad men, burglars

Sciophobia – Fear of shadows

Scoleciphobia – Fear of worms

Scolionophobia – Fear of school

Scotomaphobia – Fear of blindness

Scriptophobia – Fear of writing in public

Selenophobia – Fear of the moon

Seplophobia – Fear of decaying matter

Sesquipedalophobia – Fear of long words

Siderodromophobia – Fear of trains

Siderophobia – Fear of stars

Sinistrophobia – Fear of left-handedness

Spectrophobia – Fear of mirrors or the undead

Spheksophobia – Fear of wasps

Social Phobia – Fear of social evaluation

Somniphobia – Fear of sleep

Staurophobia – Fear of the crucifix

Stenophobia – Fear of narrow places

Symbolophobia – Fear of symbolism

Symmetrophobia – Fear of symmetry

Syngenesophobia – Fear of relatives

Syphilophobia – Fear of syphilis

Tachophobia – Fear of speed

Taphephobia – Fear of being buried alive

Tapinophobia – Fear of being contagious

Taurophobia – Fear of bulls

Technophobia – Fear of technology

Teleophobia – Fear of definite plans

Testophobia – Fear of taking tests

Thalassophobia – Fear of the sea

Thanatophobia – Fear of death or dying

Theatrophobia – Fear of theaters

Thermophobia – Fear of heat

Tocophobia – Fear of childbirth

Tonitrophobia – Fear of thunder

Toxiphobia – Fear of poison

Traumatophobia – Fear of injury

Tremophobia – Fear of trembling

Trichopathophobia – Fear of hair disease

Trichophobia – Fear of loose hair

Triskaidekaphobia – Fear of the number 13

Trypanophobia – Fear of needles or injections

Turophobia – Fear of cheese

Uranophobia – Fear of heaven

Urophobia – Fear of urine or urinating

Vaccinophobia – Fear of vaccinations

Venustraphobia – Fear of beautiful women

Verbophobia – Fear of words

Verminophobia – Fear of germs

Vestiphobia – Fear of clothing

Virginitiphobia – Fear of rape

Vitricophobia – Fear of stepfathers

Walloonophobia – Fear of the Walloons, an ethnic group native to Belgium

Wiccaphobia – Fear of witches and witchcraft

Xenophobia – Fear of strangers or foreigners

Xanthophobia – Fear of the color yellow

Xenophobia – Fear of strangers

Xerophobia – Fear of dryness

Xylophobia – Fear of forests

Ymophobia – Fear of being contrary or contrariety in general

Zelophobia – Fear of jealousy

Zemmiphobia – Fear of the great mole rat

Zeusophobia – Fear of God or gods

Zoophobia – Fear of animals

Common symptoms are:

· Panic, fear, and uneasiness

 · Feelings of panic, doom, or danger

· Sleep problems

· Not being able to stay calm and still

· Cold, sweaty, numb, or tingling hands or feet

· Shortness of breath

· Breathing faster and more quickly than normal (hyperventilation)

· Heart palpitations

· Dry mouth

· Nausea

· Tense muscles

· Dizziness

· Thinking about a problem over and over again and unable to stop (rumination)

· Inability to concentrate

· Intensely or obsessively avoiding feared objects or places

· Anxiety Disorder Causes and Risk Factors

· Researchers don’t know exactly what brings on anxiety disorders. A complex mix of
things play a role in who does and doesn’t get one.

Three types of Anxiety by Freud

1. Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this anxiety is usually easily
identified. For example, a person might fear receiving a dog bite when they are near a menacing
dog. The most common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening object.

2. Neurotic anxiety: The unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting
in punishment for inappropriate behavior.
3. Moral anxiety: A fear of violating our own moral principles.

Prepared by: Libre-Jover, Marizzelle RC.

Activity 7

Name: ______________________________________________ Year & Block: __________

1. Do you have any kind of phobia? If there is, enumerate and explain how you developed that
kind of phobia.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________.

2. Differentiate neurosis from psychosis.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
Activity 8

Name: ______________________________________________ Year & Block: __________

INSTRUCTION: IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF PHOBIA ARE THE FOLLOWING.

1. Fear of death, dying and dead things

2. Fear of new drugs
3. Fear of anything new
4. Fear of clouds
5. Fear of the night
6. Fear of names
7. Fear of losing or being without your mobile phone
8. Fear of hospitals
9. Fear of returning home
10. Fear of stepmothers
11. Fear of bathing, cleaning or washing
12. Fear of itching or tiny insects that cause itching
13. Fear of sourness
14. Fear of darkness
15. Fear of noise
16. Fear of heights
17. Fear of flying, drafts or fresh air
18. Fear of pain
19. Fear of crowds of people and open spaces
20. Fear of wild animals