Functions and Limits

Q. Define a function. 12301001

Q. Define domain and range of a (v) 12301022
function. 12301002

Q. Let . Find the domain (vi) 12301023

and range of f. 12301003
Q. Define even and odd function. 12301004 (vii) 12301024

EXERCISE 1.1 (viii) 12301025

Q.1 Given that
(a) 12301005 Q.5 Given . If
(b) 12301006 and find the values of a and b.
Find (i) 12301007 (Board 2008) 12301026
Q.6 A stone falls from a height of 60m on
(ii) 12301008
the ground, the height h after x seconds is
(iii) 12301009 approximately given by .
(iv) 12301010 (i) What is height of the stone when: 12301027
(ii) When does the stone strike the
ground? 12301028

Q.2 Find and simplify Q.7 Show that the parametric equations.
where, (i) represent the equation

(i) 12301011
of parabola . (Board 2017) 12301029
(ii) represent the
(ii) (Board 2008) 12301012

(iii) 12301013 equation of ellipse . 12301030

(iv) 12301014 (iii) represent the

Q.3 Express the following:
(a) The perimeter P of square as a equation of hyperbola 12301031
function of its area A (Board 2009, 10) 12301015
(b) The area A of a circle as a function of Q.8 Prove the identities:
its circumference C. (Board 2017-18) 12301016 (i) (Board 2006, 11)
(c) The volume V of a cube as a function
12301032
of the area A of its base. 12301017
(ii) 12301033
Q.4 Find the domain and the range of the
function g defined below and sketch the (iii) 12301034

graph of g. Q.9 Determine whether the given function

f is even or odd.
(i) 12301018
(i) 12301035
(ii) (Board 2008) 12301019
(ii) 12301036
(iii) (Board 2011) 12301020
(iii) 12301037
(iv) 12301021
(iv) 12301038 (ii) 12301052

(v) (Board 2007) 12301039 (iii) 12301053

(vi) (Board 2018) 12301040

(iv) 12301054

Q10. Define composition of functions Q. Define the Limit of a function:

and inverse of a function. 12301041
(Board 2010) 12301056
Q11. Let f : R  R be the function
defined by . Find Theorems on Limits: 12301057
12301042 1.

EXERCISE 1.2 2.
Q.1 The real valued function and are where k is any constant.
defined below. Find
3.
(a) (b)
(c) (d) 4.
(i) and
5.
12301043
Note: 12301058

(ii) and 1. where n is an integer

(Board 2017) 12301044 and a > 0
2.
(iii) and
12301045 Prove that: (Board 2011,17) 12301059

(iv) and

12301046
Q.2 For the real valued function, f defined
Note: 12301060
below, find (a) (b) and verify 1/x
1. (1 + x) = e
.
(i) (Board 2009) 12301047
2.
(ii) 12301048 3. Sandwitch Theorem: (Board 2018) 12301060a

(iii) (Board 2010,17) 12301049

Prove that: (Board 2012) 12301061

(iv) (Board 2016) 12301050  is in radian and .

Q.3 Without finding the inverse, state the
domain and range of .
(i) (Board 2009) 12301051 Example 1: (Board 2006, 11) 12301062

2
Evaluate (vi) 12301077

Example 2: 12301063 (vii) 12301078

Evaluate
(viii) 12301079

Example 3: 12301064 (ix) 12301080

Evaluate
Q.3 Evaluate the following limits.
(i) (Board 2009)
(i) 12301081

(ii) (Board 2007, 09)

(ii) …….. (i) 12301082

(iii) (Board 2007,17) 12301083

Q. Evaluate 12301065

(iv) 12301084

EXERCISE 1.3
Q.1 Evaluate each limit by using theorem (v) (Board 2007,17) 12301085
of limits.
(i) 12301066 (vi) (Board 2007, 08) 12301086

(ii) 12301067
(vii) 12301087

(iii) 12301068
(viii) 12301088
(iv) 12301069

(ix) 12301089
(v) 12301070

(x) (Board 2018) 12301090

(vi) 12301071

Q.2 Evaluate each limit by using algebraic (xi) (Board 2012,16) 12301091
techniques.
(xii) (Board 2012) 12301092
(i) 12301072
Q.4 Express each limit in terms of e:

(ii) 12301073
(i) 12301093

(iii) (Board 2008) 12301074

(ii) 12301094

(iv) (Board 2009) 12301075

(iii) 12301095

(v) 12301076
(iv) 12301096
 (i)
(v) 12301097

(Board 2008, 09, 11) 12301109

(vi) 12301098

(ii)
(vii) 12301099

(viii) 12301100 12301110

3 x if x  2
 2
(ix) (Board 2008, 09) 12301101 Q.3 If f  x    x  1 if 2  x  2
3 if x2

Discuss continuity at and .
(x) 12301102
(Board 2011) 12301111

Q.4 If 12301112
(xi) 12301103

Q. Define Continuous Function. 12301104 Find ‘c’ so that exists. (Board 2018)
Q. Discuss continuity of the function Q.5 Find the values m and n, so that given
function f is continuous at x = 3.
(Board 2009)
at x = 3 if 12301105

(i) 12301113

EXERCISE 1.4
Q.1 Determine the left hand and right
hand limit and then find the limit of the (ii) 12301114
following functions: when x  c.
(i) 12301106

Q.6 If
(ii) 12301107

(iii) 12301108 Find the value of k so that f is continuous

Q.2 Discuss the continuity of f(x) at x = c. at x = 2. (Board 2008,18) 12301115

4
 EXERCISE 1.5
Q.1 Draw the graphs of the following equations:
(i) 12301115(a)

(ii) 12301116

(iii) 12301117

(iv) 123011118

Q.2 Graph the curves that has the parametric equations given below:
(i) where “t” is a parameter. 12301119

(ii) where “t” is a parameter. 12301120

(iii) where is a parameter. 12301121

Q.3 Draw the graphs of the function defined below and find whether they are continuous.

(i) 12301122

(ii) 12301123

(iii) 12301124

(iv) 12301125

Q.4 Find the graphical solution of the following equations:

(i) 12301126

(ii) 12301127

(iii) 12301128
 Multiple Choice Questions
Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.
Q.1 The term function was introduced (a) Q(x) > 0 (b) Q(x) < 0
by: (c) Q(x) = 0 (d) Q(x)  0
12301129 Q.5 For the function (x) = , f(1) is:
(a) Euler (b) Newton 12301137
(c) Lagrange (d) Leibniz (a) x + 1 (b) undefined
Q.1 The symbol y = f(x) i.e. y is equal (c) indeterminate (d) zero
to f of x, invented by Swiss Q.5 If a function f is from a set X to a set
mathematician Y, then set X is called the --------- of f.
---------. 12301138
12301130 (a) domain (b) range
(a)Euler (b) Cauchy (c) co-domain (d) None of these
(c)Leibniz (d) Newton Q.6 Let (x) = then domain of  is the
(a)4,6 (b) 2 , 7 12301131 set of all real numbers except:
(c)2,3 (d) 2 , 5 (a) 0 (b) 1 12301139
Q.2 If a variable y depends on a (c) 2 (d) 3
variable x in such a way that each Q.7 Let (x) = x, real valued function
value of x determines exactly then domain of  is the set of all:
one value of y, then y is a ------------ of x. (Board 2016) 12301140
12301132 A function P(x) = 6x + 7x (a) real numbers
+ 5x + 1 is called a polynomial function (b) integers
of degree (c) positive numbers
------ with leading coefficient (d) natural numbers
-------. Q.8 Let (x) = , then domain of  is the
Q.3 set of all real numbers except:
(a) Independent variable (a) 4,  4 (b) 0 12301141
(b) not function (c) 2,  2 (d) 0, 4
(c) function
Q.9 If (x)= , then domain of (x) is:
(d) None of these
(Board 2018) 12301142
Q.4 A function, in which the variables
(a) [ 0, ) (b) [ – 1, )
are
(c) [ 1, ] (d) [ 1, )
------------ numbers, then function
Q.10 If (x)= , then range of (x) is:
is called a real valued function of
(Board 2007) 12301143
real numbers.
(a) (– , ) (b) [ – ,  ]
12301133
(c) [ 0, ) (d) [ – 1, )
(a) complex (b) rational
Q.11 The domain of the function
(c) real (d) None of these
(x)= is: 12301144
Q.2 Let (x) = x + , then  = 12301134
(a) R (b) R – { 2}
(a) (x+ 1) (b) (x)
(c) R – {2 , –2} (d) R – {– 2}
(c) (d) (x)
Q.12 The range of the function (x) = |x|
Q.3 If (x) = , then (cos x) equals: is: 12301145
12301135
(a) (–  , ) (b) [0, )
(a) 2 tan (b) tan
(c) (– , 0] (d) (0, )
(c) tanx (d) cot
Q.13 Let (x) = x, then range of  is the
Q.4 Domain of the rational function
y = is: 12301136
set of all: 12301146
(a) real numbers

6
 (b) non-negative real numbers
(c) non-negative integers
(d) complex numbers
Q.14 Let (x) = x+ 3, then domain of  is:
12301147
(a) Set of all integers
(b) Set of natural numbers
(c) Set of real numbers
(d) Set of rational numbers
(b) , x > 0
(c)
(d) , x  5
Q.18 Which one is a constant function?
(a) f(x) = x (b) f(x) = x 12301155
(c) f (x) = x + 1 (d) f(x) = 14
Q.10 A function I : X  X for any set X,
of the form I(x) = x  x  X is called
a\an ------------ function. 12301156

Q.6 Domain = Range f and Range (a) constant (b) implicit

= ------------. 12301148 (c) identity (d) inverse
(a) Domain f Q.11 If x and y are so mixed up and y
(b) Range f cannot be expressed in terms of the
independent variable x, then y is
(c) Domain
called a\an ----- function of x. 12301157
(d) None of these (a) constant (b) explicit
Q.7 A function P(x) = ax + ax (c) implicit (d) inverse
+ ax + … + ax + ax + a is called a Q.19 Which one is an identity function?
polynomial function of degree n, with (a) f(x) = (b) f(x) = g(x) 12301158
leading coefficient a. (c) f (x) = x (d) f(x) = 1
(a) a = 0 (b) a = 0 12301149 Q.12 The linear function f(x) = ax+b is an
(c) a  0 (d) a  0 identity function if: (Board 2007)
Q.15 Which of the following functions is a 12301159
polynomial function? 12301150 (a) a = 0, b = 1 (b) a = 1, b = 0
(c) a = 1, b = 1 (d) a = 0, b = 1
(a) ,x2 Q.13 A function, in which the variable
appears as exponent (power), is
(b) x+ 6x+ 7x+ x+ + 4
called a\an -------- function. 12301160
(c) (a) constant (b) explicit
(d) ax+ b + c (c) exponential (d) inverse
Q.16 Let (x) = , then range of  is the Q.20 Which one is not an exponential
set: 12301151 function? 12301161
(a) ]  ,  [ (b) [0, ) (a) 3 (b) n
(c) [3, ] (d) [ 3, 3] (c) e (d) x
Q.8 If the degree of a polynomial Q.21 Which one is an exponential
function is ----------, then it is called a function? 12301162
linear function. 12301152 (a) 2 (b) x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) logx (d) x
(c) 2 (d) 3 Q.22 If (x) = ax + b, where a  0 , a and b
Q.9 Let X and Y be the set of real are real numbers, then (x) is a:
numbers, a function C : X  Y (a) constant function 12301163
defined by C(x) = a  x  X , a  Y (b) absolute linear function
and a is a constant number. Then C (c) linear function
is called a \ an ____ function. 12301153 (d) quadratic function
(a) constant (b) implicit Q.14 y = logx, where a > 0 and a  1 is
(c) identity (d) inverse called a ------- function of x. 12301164
Q.17 Which of the following is a rational (a) implicit (b) explicit
function? 12301154 (c) exponential (d) logarithmic
(a) , x   2
Q.15 y = logx is known as the ------ of x. Q.30 coth x = 12301174
(a) common logarithmic 12301165
(b) natural logarithmic (a) (b)
(c) exponential
(d) None of these (c) (d)
Q.23 If f(x) = |x| , f(x) is a: 12301166
(a) constant function Q.31 coshx  sinhx = (Board 2018) 12301175
(b) absolute function (a) 1 (b)  1
(c) linear function (c) 2 (d)  2
(d) quadratic function Q.32 coshx + sinhx = 12301176
Q.16 If x = , Then y = logx = ln x, is (a) cosh x
known as the --------- of x. 12301167 (b) cosh 2x
(a) common logarithmic (c) sinh 2x
(b) natural logarithmic (d) tanh 2x
(c) exponential Q.33 sinh–1x = 12301177
(d) None of these (a) n (x + ) x > 1
Q.24 sinh x = (Board 2017) 12301168 (b) n (x + ) for all x

(a) (b) (c)

(d) n 0 < x < 1
(c) (d)

Q.25 is equal to: (Board 2014)

Q.34 cosh–1x = 12301178
(a) n (1 + ) x > 1
(a) sin x (b) cos x 12301169 (b) n (x + )
(a) sinh x (b) cosh x
(c) 0<x<1
Q.26 cosh x = 12301170
(d)
(a) (b) Q.35 tanh–1x = 12301179
(a) n |x| < 1
(b) n |x| < 1
(c) (d)
Q.27 tanh x = 12301171 (c) n 0<x<1

(a) (b)
(d) n x 0
–1
Q.36 sech x = 12301180
(c) (d) (a) n |x| < 1
(b) n x 0
Q.28 sech x = 12301172 (c) n 0 < x < 1
(d) n | x | < 1
(a) (b) Q.37 csch–1x = 12301181

(c) (d) (a) n x 0

(b) n 0 < x < 1
Q.29 csch x = 12301173

(a) (b) (c) n x 0

(d) n |x| < 1
Q.38 coth–1x = 12301182
(c) (d) (a) n |x| < 2

8
 (b) n |x| < 1 Q.47 The curves y = |x|+ 2|x|+ 1 and
(c) n |x| 0 y = x3+ 2x2+ 1 have the same graph
(d) n x > 1 for: 12301193
Q.39 Inverse hyperbolic functions are (a) x > 0 (b) x  0
expressed in terms of natural: (c) x  0 (d) all x
12301183 Q.48 Parametric equations x = a cos t,
(a) numbers (b) exponentials y = a sin t represent the equation of:
(c) logarithms (d) sines (a) line (b) circle 12301194
Q.40 Which one is an explicit function? (c) parabola (d) ellipse
(a) x+ 2xy + y + 7 = 0 12301184 Q.19 Parametric equations: x = a cos ,
(b) xy + xy + xy+ 1 = 0 y = b sin  represent the equation of:
(c) y = x+ x+ + 10 (a) parabola (b) hyperbola 12301195
(d) xy+ y+ xy = 4 (c) ellipse (d) circle
Q.17 y = is a\an ------ function of x. (a) Q.49 Parametric equations x = a sec ,
constant (b) implicit 12301185 y = b tan  represent the equation of:
(c) explicit (d) inverse (a) line (b) parabola 12301196
Q.41 Which one is an implicit function? (c) ellipse (d) hyperbola
(a) y = (x) (b) (x, y) = c 12301186 Q.20 represent:(Board 2014)
(c) x = (u), y = g(u) (a) Line (b) Circle 12301197
(d) y = (u), u = g(x) (c) Parabola (d) Hyperbola
Q.42 Which one is an implicit function? Q.21 is: (Board 2007) 12301198
(a) xy + xy+ x+ y = 2 12301187 (a) Function (b) Not a Function
(b) y = x+ 1 (c) Ellipse (d) Line
(c) x+ x+ x + 1 = y Q.22 then f(0)= (Board 2005)
(d) y = f(x) (a) –1 (b) 0 12301199
Q.43 Which one is an explicit function? (c) 1 (d) 
(a) y = (x) 12301188 Q.23 If f (x) = x2 –x then f (–2) is equal to:
(b) (x, y) = 0 (a) 2 (b) 6 12301200

(c) x = (t), y = g(t) (c) 0 (d) –6 (Board 2015)

(d) none of these Q.24 If f (x) = f(x1) = 12301201
Q.18 Every relation, which can be (a) (b)
represented by a linear equation in (c) (d) none
two variables, represents a: 12301189 Q.25 The perimeter P of square as a
(a) graph (b) function function of its area A is: 12301202
(c) cartesian product (d) relation
(a) (b) 2
Q.44 A function from set X to set Y is
denoted by: 12301190
(c) 4 (d)
(a)  : X  X (b)  : Y  Y
(c)  : X  Y (d)  : Y  X Q.26 The area A of a circle as a function of
Q.45 If y is an image of x under the its circumference C is: 12301203

function f, we denote it by: 12301191 (a) (b)

(a) x = (y) (b) x = y
(c) y = (x) (d) (x, y) = c
Q.46 The value of the parameter , for (c) (d)
which the function (x) = 1 + x,  
0 is the inverse of itself is: 12301192
(a) 1 (b)  1 Q.27 The volume V of a cube as a function
(c) 2 (d)  2 of the area A of its base is: 12301204
(a) (b) A3
 (c) (d) (A)3/2 Q.56 If f(x) = x + 1, then the value of fof is
Q.28 The function y = e = 2 is a\an equal to: 12301214

------------- function of x. 12301205

(a) x + 2x + 1 (b) x – 2x + 2
(a) constant (b) explicit (c) x + 2x + 2 (d) x + 2x – 2
(c) exponential (d) logarithmic Q.57 If a relation is given by:
Q.29 If y = f(x), then the variable x is R then Dom of
called ------ variable of a function f. R is 12301215

12301206 (a) { 2, 4, 6 ,10 } (b) { 2, 4, 6 }

(a) dependent (c) { } (d) { 10 }
(b) independent Q.31 Let f(x) = 4  x, then = 12301216
(c) image of y
(a) x (b)  x
(d) None of these
Q.50 If f (x) is odd function. If and only if: (c) 4 + x (d) x  4
(a) f(– x) = – f(x) 12301207
Q.32 Let (x) = , g(x) = 4  x, then og
(b) f(– x) = f(x) (x) = 12301217

(c) f(x) = 3f( – x) (a) (b)

(d) f(x)= – 3f( – x) (c) (d) 2 + 1
Q.51 f(x) is even function. If and only if: Q.33 Let (x) =  2, g(x) = 2x + 1, then
(a) f(– x) = – f(x) 12301208 fog(x) = 12301218

(b) f(– x) = f(x) (a) 2x + 1 (b)  2x

(c) f(x) = 3f(– x) (c) 4x + 3 (d)  2
(d) f(x) = – 3f(– x) Q.34 Let f(x) = 4  x, g(x) =  2, then
fog (x) = 12301219
Q.52 If f is any function, and (a) 2 (b) 6
then f(x) is always: 12301209 (c) 8 (d) 5
(a) even (b) odd Q.35 If f(x) = , x 1 then f–1 (x) equals
(c) one-one (d) zero (a) (b) 12301220
Q.30 f(x) = sin x + cos x is ------------ (c) (d)
function. 12301210 Q.58 Inverse of (x) = is: 12301221
(a) even (a) –1 (x) = x 1
(b) odd (b) –1 (x) =
(c) composite (c) –1 (x) = 1  x
(d) neither even nor odd function (d) –1 (x) = x+ 1
Q.53 Let f(x) = cos x, then f(x) is an:
(a) even function 12301211
Q.36 If then
(b) odd function
(Board 2013) 12301222
(c) power function
(d) none of these (a) (b)
Q.54 Let f(x) = x+ sin x, then f(x) is:
(a) even function 12301212
(b) odd function (c) (d)
(c) power function Q.37 If f (x) = 2x + 1 then f1 (x) = .
(d) none of these
Q.55 Let f(x)= x+ cos x, then f(x) is: (a) (b) 12301223

(Board 2018) 12301213

(a) an odd function (c) (d) none
(b) an even function Q.38 [f(x)  g(x)] = ------------. 12301224
(c) neither even nor odd (a) f(x)  g(x)
(d) a constant function (b) f(x)  g(x)

10
 (c) f(x) + g(x)
(d) f(x)  g(x) Q.49 (Board 2005, 10) 12301235

Q.39 [f(x)] = ------------. 12301225

(a) undefined (b) 3a2
(a) f(x) (b) n  [ f(x)]
(c) a2 (d) 0
(c) [ f(x)] (d) None of these
Q.40 If k is any real number, then Q.50 = --------------12301236
[k.f(x)] = ------------. (Board 2012) (a) n a (b) n a
12301226 (c) 0 (d) does not exist
(a) ka f(x) (b) k. f(x)
(c) f(x) (d) None of these Q.51 = . 12301237
Q.41 If p is positive rational no. & xp is
defined then 12301227
(a) (b)

(a) p (b) 0 (c) does not exist (d) none

Q.52 = 12301238

(c) (d) None (a) 8 (b) 3

(c) 10 (d) 0
Q.42 f(x) = if and only if: 12301228 Q.53 = 12301239
(a) f(a + h) = 
(a) (b)
(b) f(a + h) = 
(c) f(a + h) = 0 (c) (d)
(d) f(a + h) = 0 Q.54 = 12301240
(a) 2 (b) 5
Q.43 is: 12301229 (c) 8 (d) 7
Q.55 = 12301241
(a) x + 1 (b) 2
(a) (b)
(c) indeterminate (d) 0
(c) (d)
Q.44 = ………. 12301230
Q.56 12301242
(a) x + 1 (b) 2
(c) 0 (d) 3 (a) (b) 1
(c) (d)
Q.45 = ………. 12301231 Q.57 12301243

(a) x + 1 (b) 2 (a) 0 (b)

(c) 0 (d)
(c) (d)
Q.46 = ………. 12301232
Q.58 = 12301244
(a) 1 (b) 5
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)
(c) 0 (d)
Q.59 = 12301245
Q.47 = 12301233
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 4 (b)
(c) 3 (d) 4
(c) (d) does not exist
Q.48 = 12301234
(a) (b)
(c) (d) Q.60 , a 0 12301246

(a) 0 (b) log a

 (c) n a (d) none (a) 0 (b) 1

Q.61 12301247 (c) (d) 2

(a) 0 (b) log e

Q.69 = 12301255
(c) 1 (d) e
(a) 0 (b) 7
Q.62 12301248
(c) (d)
(a) 2 (b) e2
(c) (d) e Q.70 If f(x) = and
Q.63 12301249
f (x) exists then c = …..
(a) e (b) 12301256
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 0 (d)
(c)  1 (d) 4
Q.64 12301250
Q.71 If f(x) = then f(x) is: 12301257

(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) continuous at x = 1

(c) (d) (b) not continuous at x = 1
(c) both a and b (d) none

Q.65 12301251
Q.72 equals: (Board 2016) 12301258
(a) 40 (b) 60
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 80 (d) 120
(c) (d) Q.73 The expression
equals: (Board 2016)
12301259
Q.66 12301252
(a) (b)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(c) 1 (d) none

Q.67 12301253

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) does not exist (d) e
Q.68 12301254

12
 Short Answer Questions
Q.1 Define a function. (Board 2012) 12301260
Q.2 Define domain and range of a
function. 12301261
Q.3 Let (x) = x. Find the domain and
range of . 12301262
Q.4 Define a linear function. 12301263
Q.5 Let (x) = . Find the domain and
range of . 12301264
Q.6 Let . Find the domain
and range of . 12301265
Q.7 Find domain of (x) =
12301266
Q.8 Express the perimeter P of square as
a function of its area A. 123012767
Q.9 Express the area A of a circle as a
function of its circumference C. 12301268
Q.10 Express the volume V of a cube as a
function of the area A of its base. 12301269
Q.11 Define Algebraic functions. 12301270
Q.12 Define a polynomial function. 12301271
Q.13 What is vertical line test 12301272
Q.14 Define an Identity function. 12301273
Q.15 Define a quadratic function. 12301274
Q.16 Define a constant function. 12301275
Q.17 Define a rational function. 12301276
Q.18 Define explicit function. 12301277
Q.19 Define implicit function. 12301278
Q.20 Define exponential function. 12301279
Q.21 Define logarithmic function. 12301280
Q.22 What do you mean by real valued
function of a real variable? 12301281
Q.23 Define sinh x, cosh x, tanh x in terms
of natural exponential function. 12301282
Q.24 Define csch x, sech x, coth x in terms
of natural exponential function. 12301283
Q.25 Define inverse of a function. 12301284
(Board 2010)
Q.26 Define the composition function.
12301285
Q.27 Is composite function commutative?
12301286
Q.28 Show that the parametric equations
x = a cos t and y = a sin t represent
equation of the circle x + y = a. 12301287
Q.29 If f(x) = , x 1 find f (x) 12301288
–1
Q.30 Write the hyperbolic cotangent function
in terms of exponential function. 12301289
Q.31 Define the range of a function f from
set X to set Y. 12301290
Q.32 Show that the parametric equations
x = a sec , y = b tan  represent the
equation of hyperbola  = 1. 12301291
Q.33 Without finding the inverse, state the
domain and range of f. 12301292
Q.34 Without finding the inverse, state the
domain and range of f given that
f(x) = , x  – 3 12301293
Q.35 Without finding the inverse, state the
domain and range of f-1 given that
f(x) = (x – 5) , x  5 12301294
Q.36 What is the domain and range of
identity function? 12301295
Q.37 What is the domain and range of
polynomial function? 12301296
Q.38 Given f(x) = x  2x + 4x  1 , find f(0)
12301297
Q.39 Given that f(x) = x– x. Find f(– 2).
12301298
Q.40 Find where f(x)=6x–9.
12301299
Q.41 Determine the function
f(x) = 3x  2x + 7 is an even or odd
function. 12301300
Q.42 Prove the identity: (Board 2005, 12)
Sinh 2x = 2 sinhx cosh x 12301301
Q.43 Prove the identity: coshx– sinh2x =1
12301302
Q.44 Let the real valued functions f and g
be defined by f(x) = 2x + 1 and g (x)=x1.
Then find the value of g(x). 12301303
Q.45 Without finding the inverse, state
the domain and range of f, where
f(x) = 2 + 12301304
Q.46 Define an even function. (Board 2012)
12301305
Q.47 Prove the identity (Board 2011,16,18)
coshx + sinh x = cosh 2x 12301306
Q.48 If P(x) = ax + ax + ax
+ … + ax + ax + a is a polynomial function
of degree n, then show that P(x) =
P(c) 12301307
Q.49 Prove the identity coshxsinhx = 1
 12301308 Q.72 Given f(x)= ; g(x)= ,
Q.50 Define an odd function. 12301309 x  0. Find gof (x). 12301331
Q.51 Let f:R  R be the function defined Q.73 Given f(x) = . Find fof(x).
by f(x) = 2x + 1. find f–1 (x). 12301310 (Board 2016) 12301332
Q.52 Determine the function f(x) = is an Q.74 Given f(x) = , x  1;
even or odd function. 12301311 g(x) = (x+1). Find fog (x). 12301333
Q.53 Find where f(x)=sin x Q.75 Given f(x) = , x  1;
(Board 2008) 12301312 g(x) = (x+1). Find gof (x). 12301334
Q.54 Find where f(x)=cos x Q.76 For the real valued functions,
12301313 f(x) = – 2x + 8, find f–1 (x). 12301335
Q.55 Find the domain and the range of Q.77 Without finding the inverse, state
the function g(x) = 2x – 5. 12301314 the domain and range of f–1 given that
Q.56 Let f(x) = . Find the domain and f(x) = . 12301336
range of f. 12301315
Q.57 Given f(x) = x  2x + 4x  1 and x Q.78 Find the domain and range of the
 0 , find f 12301316 function f(x) = x + 1. 12301337
Q.58 Find the domain and the range of
the function g(x)= Find the domain and range of the function
12301317 defined by
Q.59 Find the domain and the range of f(x) =
the function g(x) = . 12301338

12301318 Q.79 Explain meaning of the phrase

Q.60 Given f(x) = x– ax + bx + 1 “x approaches to zero”. 12301339

If f(2) = – 3 and f( – 1) = 0. Find the

values of a and b. 12301319 Q.80 Explain meaning of the phrase “x
Q.61 Show that the parametric equations approaches to infinity”. 12301340

x = at, y = 2at represent the equation of Q.81

parabola y= 4ax. 12301320 Q.82 Explain meaning of the phrase
Q.62 Find the domain and the range of “x approaches to a”. 12301341

the function g(x) = . 12301321 Q.83 What is the difference between

Q.63 Prove the identity: x = 1 and x  1? 12301342
cschx = cothx – 1. 12301322 Q.84 What is the difference between value
Q.64 Determine whether the function and limit of a function? 12301343
f(x) = x+ x is even or odd. 12301323 Q.85 State the Sandwitch theorem. 12301344
Q.65 Determine whether the function Q.86 Express the limit (1 + 2h) in terms of
f(x) = (x + 2) is even or odd. 12301324 the number ‘e’. 12301345
Q.66 Determine whether the function Q.87 Show that (3  x) = e
f(x) = x + 6 is even or odd. 12301325 12301346
Q.67 Let the real valued functions f and Q.88 Evaluate: 12301347
g be defined by f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x  Q.89 Evaluate: 12301348
1. Then find the value of f(x). 12301326 Q.90 Evaluate (Board 2016) 12301349
Q.68 Define the parametric functions.12301327 Q.91 Evaluate 12301350
Q.69 Determine whether the function Q.92 Express in terms of e. 12301351
f(x) = is even or odd. 12301328
Q.70 Given g(x)= , x1. Find gog (x). Q.93 Express in terms of e.
12301329 12301352

Q.71 Given f(x) = ; g(x) = ,

x  0. Find fog (x) 12301330

14
Q.94 Express in terms of e. 12301375
(1 + 3x) 12301353 Q.117 Is the absolute-value function
Q.95 Express in terms of e. f(x) = |x| continuous at 0? 12301376
(1 – 2h) 12301354 Q.118 Discuss the continuity of the
Q.96 Express in terms of e. 12301355 function f(x) at x = 3 if (Board 2008, 16)
f(x) = 12301377
Q.119Discuss the continuity of f at x = 3,
when f(x) = (Board 2016) 12301378
Q.97 Evaluate: 12301356
Q.120 For f(x) = 3x  5x + 4, discuss
Q.98 Evaluate: 12301357
continuity of f at x = 1. 12301379
Q.99 Evaluate: Q.121 Determine whether f(x) exists,
(Board 2012) 12301358
when f(x) = 12301380
Q.100 Evaluate 12301359
Q.122 Determine whether f(x) exists,
Q.101 Evaluate 12301360
when f(x) = 12301381
Q.102 Evaluate Q.123 For f(x) = , discuss continuity of f
12301361
at x = 1. 12301382
Q.103 Evaluate: 12301362
Q.124 Determine the left hand limit and
Q.104 Evaluate: 12301363
right hand limit and then find limit of the
Q.105 Evaluate: 12301364
function f(x) = 2x2 + x  5 at x = 1. 12301383
Q.106 Evaluate:
Q.125 Determine the left hand limit and
(Board 2016) 12301365
right hand limit and then find limit of the
Q.107 Evaluate: (Board 2007)
function f(x) = |x  5| at x = 5. 12301384
12301366
Q.126 Discuss the continuity of
Q.108 Evaluate: 12301367
f(x) = at x = 2. 12301385
(Board 2008, 12)
Q.127 Discuss the continuity of
Q.109 Evaluate: 12301368
f(x) = at x = 1. 12301386
Q.110 Evaluate: 12301369 Q.128 If f(x) = , find “c” so that f(x)
Q.111 Evaluate: exists. 12301387
(Board 2016,17) 12301370 Q.129 Find the values m and n, so that
Q.112 Evaluate: 12301371 given function f is continuous at: x = 3
12301388
Q.113 Evaluate: ,x<0 12301372 f(x) =
Q.130 Find the value of m, so that given
Q.114 Evaluate: , x >0 12301373 function f is continuous at x = 4
Q.115 Define the continuous and f(x) = 12301389
discontinuous functions. 12301374
Q.116 Discuss the continuity of the
function (x) at x = 3 if (x)= if x  3
 Differentiation

Differentiation: 12302001 (xiii) x40 12302019

Derivative (of a function from first (xiv) x–100. 12302020
principle) 12302002 dy
Q.2 Find from first principles if (i)
dx
Example1:
Find derivative of the following by x2 12302021

definition. 1
(ii) (Board 2010) 12302022
(a) f(x) = c (Board 2010) 12302003 x+a
(b) f(x) = x 2 (Board 2010) 12302004
EXERCISE 2.2
Q.1 Find from first principles, derivatives
Example 2: Find the derivative of x of the following expressions w.r.t. their
at x = a from first principle 12302005 respective independent variables.
(i) (ax + b)3(Board 2006) 12302023
2 (ii) (2x + 3)5 (Board 2012) 12302024
Example 3: Find the derivative of x 3 and (iii) (3t + 2)2 12302025
–5
also calculate the value of derivative (iv) (ax + b) 12302026
at x = 8. 12302006 1
(v) (Board 2010)
ax + b 7
12302027

EXERCISE 2.1
Q.1 Find by definition, the derivatives w.r.t.
‘x’ of the following functions defined as: Example 1: If y = cf(x), prove that
dy
(i) 2x 2 + 1 (Board 2011, 12) 12302007 = cf (x) (Board 2011) 12302028
dx
(ii) 2 - x 12302008
Basic Formulas for Differentiation
1 d(c)
(iii) 12302009
(i) 0 12302029
x dx
1 d(c.u) du
(iv) 3 12302010 (ii)  c. where u  f (x) 12302030
x dx dx
1 d du dv
(v) 12302011 (iii) (u  v)   where, v  g(x)
x-a dx dx dx
(vi) x  x - 3  12302012 12302031

2 d dv du
(vii) 12302013 (iv) (u.v)  u.  v.  The product
x4 dx dx dx
1 rule or u into v formula. 12302032
(viii) x + 43 (Board 2008) 12302014
 
u du dv
d v.  u.
3 (v)  v  The quotient
(ix) 12302015  dx 2 dx 
x2 dx v
5
(x) 12302016 rule or over v formula. 12302033
x2 d(u) n
du
(xi) xm ;m  N 12302017 (vi)  n u n 1 . General power rule.
dx dx
1 12302034
(xii)
m
;m  N 12302018
x

16
 d(x) n 1+ x - 1- x
(vii)  n x n 1  Power rule. 12302035 Q.14 (Board 2006) 12302052
dx 1+ x + 1- x
d(x)
(viii) 1
dx
12302036
Q.15 x a + x = x a + x 12302053
a-x a-x
Example 2. Find the derivative of 1
Q.16 If y = x - ,
y   x 2  5  x 3  7  with respect to x. 12302037 x
Show that 2x dy + y = 2 x 12302054
Example 3. Find the derivative of dx
Q.17 If y = x4 + 2x2+2, prove that
 
y  2 x  2 x  x with respect to x. dy
= 4x y  1 (Board 2007) 12302055
12302038 dx
Example 1:
EXERCISE 2.3 Find the derivative of (x3 + 1)9 with respect
Differentiate w.r.t. x to x. (Board 2011) 12302058
Q.1 x4 + 2x3 + x2 (Board 2009) 12302039 Example 2:
3 dy
Q.2 x-3 + 2x + 3 -
2 12302040 Find if x = 1 – t2 and y =3t2 – 2t3.
dx
a+x (Board 2010) 12302059
Q.3 (Board 2008, 10, 11) 12302041
a-x Example 3:
2x - 3 dy 1 - t2 2t
Q.4 (Board 2008) 12302042
Find If x = , y =
2x + 1 dx 1 + t2 1 + t2
Q.5 (x  5) (3  x) 12302043
(Board 2012) 12302060
2
 1  Example 4: (Board 2017) 12302061
Q.6  x -  (Board 2006, 10) 12302044
 x dy
Find , if y2 + x2 – 4x = 5. (Board
 3 dx

Q.7

1+ x x - x2 

 
 12302045
2007)
Example 5:
 
dy
x Find if y2 – xy – x2 + 4=0. 12302062
dx
Q.8 
x 2 + 1
2
12302046
2
x -1 EXERCISE 2.4
2
x +1
dy
Q.9 (Board 2009) 12302047
Q.1 Find by making suitable
dx
x2 - 3
substitutions in the following functions
Q.10 1+ x 12302048 defined as:
1- x
(i) y = 1 - x 12302063
2x -1
Q.11 (Board 2011)
1+ x
x 2 +1 (ii) y = x x (Board 2007,17)
12302049 12302064

Q.12 a - x (Board 2017) 12302050 a+x

(iii) y = x 12302065
a+x a-x
x2 + 1 (iv) y = (3x – 2x + 7)6
2
12302066
Q.13 12302051

x2 - 1
 a2 + x2 dy
(v) y = 12302067 Q.4 Prove that y + x = 0 if
a2 - x2 dx
dy 1 - t2 2t
x= ,y = (Board 2018) 12302076
Q.2 Find , if: 1+ t 2
1 + t2
dx
(i) 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 1
12302068 Q.5 Differentiate: (i) x2 – 2 w.r.t. x4 12302077
(ii) xy + y2 = 2 12302069 x
(iii) x2 – 4yx – 5y = 0 (Board 2018) 12302070 (ii) (1+x2)n w.r.t. x2 12302078

(iv) 4x2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =0 2 x -1

12302071
(iii) x + 1 w.r.t. 12302079
2
x -1 x +1
(v) x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0 12302072
ax + b ax 2 + b
2 (iv) w.r.t. 2 (Board 2017) 12302080
(vi) y (x – 1) = x x 2 + 4 12302073 cx + d ax + d
x2 + 1
dy (v) 2 w.r.t. x3 12302081
Q.3 Find of the following parametric x -1
dx Example 1:
functions. dy
1 If y = cos x, find . (Board 2009) 12302082
(i) x =  + and y =  + 1 12302074 dx
θ
a 1 - t 2  2bt
(ii) x = ,y = (Board 2009) 12302075
2
1+ t 1 + t2

Formulas for Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions:

d(sin u) du d(sin x)
(i`)  cos u ;  cos x 12302083
dx dx dx
d(cos u) du d(cos x)
(ii)   sin u ;   sin x 12302084
dx dx dx
d (tan u) du d(tan x)
(iii)  sec 2 u. ;  sec 2 x 12302085
dx dx dx
d(sec u) du d(sec x)
(iv)  sec u.tan u. ;  sec x tan x 12302086
dx dx dx
d(cos ecu) du d(cos ecx)
(v)   cos ecu.cot u. ;   cos ecx.cot x 12302087
dx dx dx
d(cot u) du d(cot x)
(vi)   cos ec 2 u. ;   cos ec 2 x 12302088
dx dx dx
Where u = f(x)
Formulas for Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Function:
d(sin 1 u) 1 du d 1
1.  ; [Sin -1
x] = , x  (-1 , 1) or – 1< x <1 12302089
dx 1  u 2 dx dx 1 x2
d 1 du d 1
2. [Cos-1 u] = – ; [Cos -1
x] = - , x  (-1 , 1) 12302090
dx 1  u 2 dx dx 1 x2
d 1 du d 1
3. (T an 1 u)  ; (T an 1 x)  ; x R 12302091
dx 1  u dx
2
dx 1 x2
d (Cosec-1 u)= – 1 du ; d (Cosec-1 x)= - 1
4. . ,x  1,1 12302092
dx u u 12 dx dx | x | x 2
 1

18
 d 1 du d 1
5. [Sec-1 u] = . ; [Sec-1 x] = , x  1,1 12302093
dx u u  1 dx
2
dx | x | x2 1
d 1 du d 1
6. [cot-1 u] =  . ; [cot-1 x] =  , x R 12302094
dx 1  u 2 dx dx 1 x2
Where u = f(x)

Example 2: Q.6 If tan y (1 + tan x) = 1 – tan x, show

 -1 x  4 1 + y 2  dy
If y = tan  2Tan  , Show that dy = that
dx
= -1. (Board 2009)
 2 dx 4 + x2
(Board 2007) 12302095 12302113

Q.7 If y = tan x + tan x + tan x + .... ∞

EXERCISE 2.5
Q.1 Differentiate the following dy
Prove that (2y – 1) = sec2 x. 123021114
trigonometric function from the first dx
principles. Q.8 If x = a cos3 , y=b sin3  Show that
(i) sin 2x 12302096 dy
a + b tan  = 0 12302115
(ii) tan 3x 12302097 dx
(iii) sin 2x + cos 2x (Board 2009) 12302098 dy
(iv) cos x2 12302099 Q.9 Find if x = a (cost + sin t)
dx
(v) tan2 x 12302100
12302116 y = a (sin t – t cos t) (Board 2017)
(vi) tan x 12302101
Q.10 Differentiate w.r.t. x
(vii) cos x 12302102 -1 x
(i) cos 12302117
Q.2 Differentiate the following w.r.t. the a
variable involved. x
(i) x2 sec 4x (Board 2017) 12302103 (ii) cot-1    (1) 12302118
a
(ii) tan  sec  (Board 2009) 12302104
3 2
1 -1  a 
(iii) (sin 2 - cos 3)2 (Board 2016) 12302105 (iii) sin   (Board 2010,17) 12302119
a x
(iv) cos x + sin x (Board 2008,16) 12302106
dy (iv) sin-1 1- x 2 (Board 2018) 12302120
Q.3 Find if:  x2 + 1 
dx
(i) y = x cos y (Board 2009,17) 12302107 (v) sec-1  x 2 - 1  12302121
(ii) x = y sin y (Board 2009) 12302108
Q.4 Find the derivative w.r.t ‘x’  2x 
(vi) cot-1  2  12302122
1+ x  1- x 
(i) cos 12302109
 1 - x2 
1 + 2x (vii) cos-1  2  12302123
1 + 2x 1+ x 
(ii) sin (Board 2016) 12302110 dy y y -1 x
1+ x Q.11 Show that = if = tan
dx x x y
Q.5 Differentiate:
(Board 2016) 12302124
(i) sin x w.r.t. cot x (Board 2006,09,16)
Q.12 If y = tan (p tan-1 x), show that
12302111
(1+x2)y1 – p(1+y2) = 0. 12302125
(ii) sin2 x w.r.t. cos4 x (Board 2008, 09) 12302112

Formulas for Derivative of Exponential Function:

 d(e u ) u du d ex 
(i) e . ;  ex 12302126
dx dx dx
d(a u ) du d(a x )
(ii)  a u .lna . ;  a x .lna 12302127
dx dx dx
Where u = f(x)

Formulas for Derivatives of the Logarithmic Function:

d(lnu) 1 du d(lnx) 1
(i)  . ;  12302128
dx u dx dx x
d(log a u) 1 du d(log a x) 1
(ii)  . ;  12302129
dx u.lna dx dx x.lna
Where u = f(x)

Example 1:
Find if y = log10 (ax2 + bx + c) 12302130 Example 3:
Differentiate (ln x)x w.r.t. ‘x’ 12302132
Example 2:
Differentiate ln (x2 + 2x) w.r.t. ‘x.
(Board 2009, 10, 11,17) 12302131

Formula For Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions:

d(sinhu) du d(sinh x)
(i)  cosh u . ;  cosh x 12302133
dx dx dx
d(coshu) du d(cosh x)
(ii)  sinh u . ;  sinh x 12302134
dx dx dx
d(tanhu) du d(tanh x)
(iii)  sech 2 u . ;  sech 2 x 12302135
dx dx dx
d(sechu) du d(sech x)
(iv)   sec hu .tanh u. ;   sec h x.tanh x 12302136
dx dx dx
d(cos echu) du d(cos echx)
(v)   co sec hu .coth u. ;   co sec h x.coth x 12302137
dx dx dx
d(coth u) du d(coth x)
(vi)   cos ech 2 u. ;   cos ech 2 x 12302138
dx dx dx
Formula For Derivatives of the Inverse Hyperbolic Functions:
d(sinh 1 u) 1 du d(sinh 1 x) 1
(i)  . ;  (x  R) 12302139
dx 1  u 2 dx dx 1 x2
d(cosh 1 u) 1 du d(cosh 1 x) 1
(ii)  . ;   x 1 12302140
dx u 2  1 dx dx x2 1
d(tanh 1 u) 1 du d(tanh 1 x) 1
(iii)  . , u 1 ;  , x 1 12302141
dx 1  u 2 dx dx 1 x2
d(sec h 1u) 1 du d(sec h 1x) 1
(iv)  . ;  0  x 1 12302142
dx u 1  u 2 dx dx x 1 x2

20
 d(co sec h 1u) 1 du d(co sec h 1x) 1
(v)  . ;  x 0 12302143
dx u 1  u dx
2 dx x 1 x2
d(cot h 1u) 1 du d(cot h 1x) 1
(vi)  . , u 1 ;  , x 1 12302144
dx 1  u 2 dx dx 1 x2

Example 4: (xi) y = 5e 3 x 4 12302164

Find (Board 2017)
(xii) y =  x  1 x 12302165
(Board 2009) 12302145
(xiii) y =  n x n x (Board 2009) 12302166
EXERCISE 2.6
x 2  1  x  1
Q.1 Find f   x  if (xiv) y = 12302167

x 
3
(i) f  x  = e 1
3 2
x 1
(Board 2009 ) 12302146
1 dy
(ii) f  x  = x 3 e  x  0
x 12302147 Q.3 Find
dx
if

(iii) f  x  = e x 1  ln x  (Board 2017) 12302148 (i) y = cosh 2x (Board 2008) 12302168

(ii) y = sinh 3x 12302169

(iv) f  x  = ex 12302149 -π π
(iii) y = tanh-1 (sin x) <x< 12302170
e x 1 2 2
(v) ln  e x  e  x  12302150 (iv) y = sinh-1 (x3) (Board 2008) 12302171
 ax (v) y = ln tan h x (Board 2006) 12302172
(vi) f  x  = e  e
ax
12302151 x
e ax  e  ax (vi) y = sinh-1   (Board 2017) 12302173
2
(vii) f  x  = 
ln e 2 x  e 2 x  12302152

(viii) f  x  = ln e 2 x  e 2 x 12302153 Example: If y  e  ax , then

dy d3 y
Q.2 Find if show that 3
 a3 y  0 12302174
dx dx
(i) y = x 2 ln x (Board 2010) 12302154
d2 y
Example: find dx 2 if y  3ax  x 3  0
3 2
(ii) y = x ln x (Board 2009) 12302155

(iii) y = x 12302156
(Board 2018) 12302175
ln x
(iv) y = x 2 ln  1  12302157
EXERCISE 2.7
 x Q.1 (i) Find y2 if y = 2x5 – 3x4 + 4x3+x-2
12302176
(v) y = ln x  1
2
(Board 2018) 12302158 (ii) y = (2x + 5)3/2 12302177
x2  1 1
 
(vi) y = ln x  x  1 (Board 2018) 12302159
2 (iii) y = x +
x
12302178

Q.2 Find y 2 if; (i) y = x2 . e-x

(vii) y = ln  9  x 2 
12302179
12302160
 2x +3 
(viii) y = e 2 x sin 2 x (Board 2018) 12302161 (ii) y = In   12302180
 3x + 2 
(ix) y = e  x  x 3  2 x 2  1 12302162
Q.3 Find y 2 if; (i) x2 + y2 = a2 12302181
(x) y = x e sin x (Board 2007, 09) (ii) x3 – y3 = a3 12302182
12302163 (iii) x = a cos , y = a sin  12302183
2 4
(iv) x = at , y = bt 12302184
(v) x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 12302185 x x2 x3
(iii) 1 x = 1    ... 12302201
Q.4 Find y 4 if; 2 8 16
(i) y = sin 3x (Board 2008, 10, 11) 12302186 2 3
3
(ii) y = cos x (Board 2008,18) (iv) e x = 1  x  x  x  ... 12302202
2! 3!
(v) f  x  = e 2 x
12302187
12302203
(iii) y = ln (x2 – 9) 12302188
Q.5 If x = sin , y = sin m, show that Q.2 Show that cos(x+h)
(1-x2) y2 – xy1 + m2 y = 0 h2 h3
12302189
= cos x  h   sin x     cos x   sin x  ...
2! 3!
Q.6 y = ex sin x, show that 12302190 and evaluate cos 61. (Board 2010)
2
d y dy 12302204
-2 + 2y = 0
dx 2 dx
Q.7 If y = eax sin bx 12302191
Q.3 Show that
 h2 h3 
2 x  h  2 x 1  h ln 2   ln 2   ln 2   ... 
2 2 3
d y dy
2
 2a  (a 2  b 2 )y  0  2! 3! 
dx dx
Q.8 If y = (cos-1x)2 , prove that 12302205

1 - x2  y 2 - xy1 - 2 = 0 (Board 2008) 12302192 Working rule to find Maxima/Minima:

Q.9 If y = a cos (In x) + b sin (In x), prove 12302206
d2y dy
that x 2 2 + x +y =0 12302193
Example 1: 12302207
dx dx
Examine the function defined as
Maclaurin Series and Maclaurin f(x) = 1 + x3 for extreme values
Theorem:
12302194 EXERCISE 2.9
Q.1 Determine the interval in which f is
increasing or decreasing
Example 1:: (Board 2011) (i) f (x) = sin x , x  [-  ,  ] 12302208
x
Expand a in the Maclaurin series. 12302195  π π
(ii) f (x) = cos x , x   - ,  12302209
 2 2
Taylor Series: 12302196
(iii) f  x  = 4 - x 2 , x   -2, 2  (Board 2008,17)

12302210
Taylor Theorem: 12302197 (iv) f  x  = x + 3x + 2 x  -4,1 
2

12302211
Q.2 Find the extreme values for the
Q. Prove that
following functions defined as:
 h2 h3 
e x  h  e x 1  h    ... 12302198 (i) f(x) = 1  x3 (Board 2008, 09) 12302212
 2 3  (ii) f(x) = x2  x  2 12302213
(iii) f (x) = 5x  6x + 2
2
12302214
EXERCISE 2.8 (iv) f(x) = 3x2 12302215
Q.1 Apply Maclaurin series expansion to (v) f(x) = 3x2 –4x+5 (Board 2009)
prove that: (Board 2006) 12302216

x x2
x3 4 (vi) f(x) = 2x3  2x2  36 x + 3
(i) ln 1  x   x 
   ... 12302199 (Board 2005) 12302217
2 3 4
2 4 6 (vii) f (x) = x4 – 4x2 12302218
(ii) cos x = 1  x  x  x  ... 12302200 (viii) f (x) = (x – 2)2 (x – 1) 12302219
2! 4! 6! (ix) f (x) = 5 + 3x – x3 12302220

22
 contain a given quantity of water, Find the
Q.3 Find the maximum and minimum depth in terms of x if the expense of lining
values of the function defined by the the inside of the tank with lead will be least.
equation occurring in the interval [0, 2]; 12302233

f (x) = sin x + cos x 12302221 Q.10 Find the dimensions of the rectangle
ln x of maximum area which fits inside the
Q.4 Show that y = is maximum at semi-circle of radius 8 cm as shown in the
x
figure. 12302234
x=e (Board 2011) 12302222
1 c
Q.5 Show that y = xx is minimum at x = cm
e 8
(Board 2009, 18) 12302223
Example 1: O x
Find two positive integers whose sum is 9
and the product of one with the square of Q.11 Find the point on the curve y=x 2 – 1
the other will be maximum. 12302224
that is closest to the point (3, -1). 12302235

EXERCISE 2.10
Q.1 Find two positive integers whose sum
is 30 and their product will be maximum.
12302225

Q.2 Divide 20 into two parts so that sum of

their square will be Minimum. 12302226

Q.3 Find two positive integers whose sum

is 12 and the product of one with square of
the other will be Maximum:(Board 2009) 12302227

Q.4 The perimeter of a triangle is 16cm if

one side is of length 6cm, what are lengths
of other sides for maximum area of the
triangle. 12302228
Q.5 Find dimensions of a rectangle of
largest area having perimeter 120cm.
12302229

Q.6 Find length of the sides of a variable

rectangle having area 36cm2 when
perimeter is minimum. 12302230

Q.7 A box with a square base and open top

is to have a volume of 4 cubic dm. Find the
dimensions of the box which will require
the least material. 12302231
Q.8 Find the dimensions of a rectangular
garden having perimeter 80m if its area is
to be maximum. 12302232
Q.9 An open tank of square base of side x
and vertical sides to be constructed to
Q.12 Find the point of the curve y = x 2 + 1 that is closest the point (18, 1).
12302236

Multiple Choice Questions

 Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.

Q1. Sir Isaac Newton was a(an) --------- (a) Cauchy (b) Newton
mathematician. 12302237 (c) Leibniz (d) Lagrange
(a) German (b) French Q8. Notation for derivative was used by
(c) Swiss (d) English lagrange is: (Board 2013) 12302244
Q2. Gottfried Whilhelm Leibniz was dy
a(an) ____mathematician. 12302238 (a) (b) Df
dx
(a) German (b) English
(c) f o  x  (d) f   x 
(c) Swiss (d) French
Q3. The small change in the value of x, Q9. The quantity is defined as: 12302245
positive or negative is called the (a) (b)
---------- of x. 12302239 (c) (d)
(a) increment (b) differential Q10. If y = f(x) then is defined as:
12302246
(c) derivative (d) None of these (a) =
Q4. The symbol is used for the (b) =
derivative of: 12302240 (c) =
(a) x with respect to y (d) =
(b) y with respect to y Q11. The instantaneous rate of change of
(c) y with respect to x y with respect to x is given by:12302247
(d) x with respect to x (a) (b)
Q5. if exists, is denoted by: (c) (d)
(Board 2007, 15) 12302241 Q12. The derivative of x with respect to y
is given by:
(b) f (x)
12302248
(a) f (x)
(a) (b)
(c) f (a) (d) f   0  (c) (d)
Q6. ---- used symbol for the Q13. is called the derivative of f at
derivative of y = f(x) with respect to -------. (Board 2005, 09) 12302249
x. 12302242 (a) x = a (b) for all x
(a) Lagrange (b) Newton (c) x  a (d) x  0
(c) Leibniz (d) Cauchy lim f ( x)  f (2)
Q7. Notation Df(x) for derivative used Q14. x  2 x2 is called the
by: (Board 2012)12302243 derivative of f at……………

24
 12302250 4 2
(a) x = a (b) x = 2 (c)  (d)
3 3
(c) x = 0 (d) None
lim f ( x)  f (0) a
d 
Q15. x  0 is called Q24.  x  (Board 2012) 12302260
x0 =
derivative of f at……… 12302251
dx
(a) x = a (b) x = 2 1 1
(a) (b)
(c) x = 0 (d) None x x
Q16. If y = 5x , is given by: 12302252 a a
(a) 0  6x (b) 6x (c) 2 (d) 2
x x
(c) 30 x (d) 30 x 2
Q17. If y = x , then is given by: Q25. If f  x  =x 3 then f   8  = 12302261
(Board 2015) 12302253
(a) x n (b) n x 1 2
(c) nx (d) x (a) (b)
2 3
Q18. (c) = -------------, where c is any 1
constant. 12302254 (c) (d) 3
3
(a) c (b) 0
(c) 1 (d)  c Q26. If f(x) = x then f  (4) 12302262
dy 1 1
Q19. If y = 2x  a then = 12302255 (a) (b)
dx 2 x 4
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none
2x  a 2 2x  a 2
1 1 Q27. If y = f(u) and u = F(x), then: 12302263
(c) (d) (Board 2018)
2 2x  a x  2a (a) =  (b) = +
dy (c) =  (d) = 
Q20. If y = x(x3) then = 12302256
dx Q28. If s is the distance traveled by a
(a) 1(l3) (b) 2x  3 body at time t, the velocity is given
(c) x  3 (d) x 2  3 x by the expression: 12302264

d  1  (a) (b)
Q21.  x  = (Board 2017) 12302257 (c) (d)
dx  x
Q29. For a square of side x units, the rate
1 3 1 1 of change of area with respect to the
 
(a) (b) 2 x 3
side is given by:
2 x 2 x 2x 2 12302265
(a) x (b) x
1 1 1 (c) 2x (d) 2
(c) x  (d) 
x 2 x x Q30. {c.f(x)} = (Board 2012) 12302266
dy (a) c (b) f(x)
Q22. If 4x+5y+9 = 0 then = 12302258 (c) c (d) f(x)
dx
4 5 Q31. {f(x)  g(x)} = 12302267
(a) (b) (a) f (x)  g (x) (b) f (x)  g (x)
5 4
4 5 (c) f (x) + g (x) (d) f (x)  g (x)
(c) (d)
5 4 Q32. [fog(x)] = 12302268
dy (a) f {g(x)}
Q23. If 4y+3x+7=0 then is: 12302259
dx (b) f {g (x)}
(Board 2014) (c) f {g(x)}g(x)
3 3 (d) None of these
(a) (b) 
4 4
Q33. {f(x)  g(x)} = (Board 2006) 12302269  3 
(a) f(x)  Q44. If y  sec  2  x  , then y1 equals:
 
(b)  g(x) (a) cosec x cot x (Board 2015) 12302280
(c)  g(x) + f(x)  (b) –cosec x cotx
(d)  g(x)  f(x)  (c) sec x tan x
Q34. (d) –sec x tan x
=, provided (Board 2010) 12302270 Q45. (cot x) = 12302281
(a) g(x)  f(x) (b) g(x)  0 (a)  cosecx (b) cosecx
(c) g(x) = f(x) (d) g(x) = 0 (c)  cosec x cot x (d) cosec x cot x
Q35. If y = , 0  x  1, then is equal to: Q46. (– cot x) = (Board 2006) 12302282
(Board 2018) 12302271 (a)  cosecx (b) cosecx
(a) (b) (c)  cosec x cot x (d) cosec x cot x
(c) (d) –
Q36. = 12302272
d
Q47. dx  
cosec2 x - cot 2 x is: 12302283
(a) n  f (x) 2 2
(a) cot x  cos ec x (Board 2013)
(b) n  f (y)  (b) 2 cos ecx cot x  2 cot x cos ecx
(c) n  f (y) (c) 0
(d) n  f (y)  (d) sec 2 x  tan 2 x
Q37. If y = , then is equal to: d
Q48. dx
cos 2 x is: (Board 2013) 12302284
(a) – 12302273
(b) (a)  sin 2 x (b) sin 2 x
(c) – (c)  sin 2 x (d) sin 2 x
2e x Q49. If f(x) = cos x then f ’(0) is equal to:
(d)
e x  1
2 (Board 2015) 12302285
(a) 0 (b) –1
Q38. [g(x)] = n [g(x)]  where n is any 1
rational number is called ---------- (c) 1 (d) 2
rule. d x
12302274
Q50. dx
 f(x)  = then f (sinx) =
(a) Power rule 1 - x2
(b) Chain rule (Board 2012) 12302286
(c) Power and Chain rule 1
1
(d) None of these (a) sec x (b) cot x
Q39. (sin x) = 12302275 (c) tan x (d) tan 1 x
(a) sin x (b) cos x Q51. (sinx) = (Board 2010,18) 12302287
(c)  sin x (d)  cos x (a) (b) 
Q40. (cos x) = (Board 2014) 12302276 (c) (d) 
(a) sin x (b)  cos x Q52. (cosx) = 12302288
(c)  sin x (d) cos x (a) (b)
Q41. (tan x) = 12302277 (c)  (d) 
(a) sec x tan x (b) secx Q53. (cosecx) = 12302289

(c)  sec x tan x (d)  secx (a)  (b)

Q42. (– cosec x) = (Board 2011) 12302278 (c)  (d)
(a) cosec x cotx (b) cosecx Q54. (secx) = (Board 2010) 12302290
(c) cosec x cotx (d)  cosecx (a)  (b)
Q43. (sec x) = (Board 2007,10,16) 12302279 (c)  (d)
(a) sec x tan x (b)  secx Q55. (tanx) = (Board 2012) 12302291
(c)  sec x tan x (d) secx (a) (b) 
(c) (d)

26
Q56. (tan
x
) = (Board 2012) 12302292 (c) 5 cosh(5x) (d) 5cosh 5x 
2 Q67. (cosech x) = 12302303
2 1 (a) cosech x coth x
(a) (b) (b) cosechx
4 x 2
4  x2
1 1 (c)  cosech x coth x
(c) (d) (d)  cosechx
4 x 2
4  x2
Q68. (sech x) =(Board 2018)12302304
Q57. (cotx) = (Board 2005) 12302293
(a) sech x tanh x (b) 
(a) (b)  sechx
(c) (d) (c)  sech x tanh x (d) sechx
x Q69. (coth x) = 12302305
Q58. (sin 1 ) = 12302294
a (a) cosech x coth x (b) cosechx
1 1 (c)  cosech x coth x (d) cosechx
(a) (b) d(sinh2x)
a x
2 2
a  x2
2
= (Board 2012)
Q70. dx 12302306
1 1
(c) (d) (a) 2 cosh 2x (b) 2sinh 2x
x a
2 2
a  x2
2
(c) 2 cosh 2x (d) 2sinh 2x
x Q71. (sinhx) = (Board 2015) 12302307
Q59. (cos 1 ) = 12302295
a (a) (b) 
1 1 (c) (d) 
(a) (b) Q72. (coshx) =
a x
2 2
a  x2
2 12302308

1 (a)  (b)
1
(c) (d) (c) (d) 
x a
2 2
a  x2
2
Q73. If f  x  = sinh x then f (tanx) 12302309
-1

d  -1
Q60. tan x + cot -1x  = (Board 2010) 12302296 (a) cosx (b) sec2x
dx 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) sinx
(c) –1 (d) 2 1 x2
d  -1 Q74. (tanhx) = (Board 2011,16) 12302310
-1

Q61. dx sin x + cos x = (Board 2010) 12302297 1
(a) , |x| < 1 (b) 
2 1 x2
(a) 1  x 2 (b) 0 1
(c) (d) 
2 1 x2
(c) 1  x 2 (d) none Q75. (cosechx) = 12302311

Q62. (sinh x) = 12302298 (a)

(a) sinh x (b) cosh x (b)  x > 0
(c)  sinh x (d)  cosh x (c) 
Q63. (cosh x)= (Board 2005,18) 12302299 (d)
(a) sinh x (b) cosh x Q76. (sech x) = 12302312
(c)  sinh x (d)  cosh x (a)  0<x<1
Q64. (cosh 2x) = 12302300 (b)
(a) 2cosh x (b) 2sinh x (c)
(c) 2sinh (2x) (d) 2sinh  2x  (d) 
Q65. (tanh x) = d f(x)
(a) sech x tanh x
12302301
(b)  sech x Q77.
dx
 
e = 12302313

tanh x (a) ef (x) (b) ef(x) .f (x)

(c) sechx (d)  sechx
Q66. (sinh 5x) = 12302302
(c) ef(x) (d) none
(a) 5 sin x (b) cosh (5x)
Q78. If f (x) = eax then f ' (x) is equal to: Q88. (log10x) = (Board 2007) 12302324
(Board 2015) 12302314 1
eax ax
e
(a) (b)
(a) (b) – x n10
a a x
(c) ae
ax
(d) –ae
ax (c) x . n 10 (d)
 n10
d
Q79.
dx
 5e 3x-4)  = 12302315
Q89. (logx) = (Board 2007,18) 12302325
(a) (b)
(a) 5e3x-4 (b) 15e3x-4 (c) x . ln a (d) x 
(c) 3e5x-4 (d) 15e3 x 5 d
Q90. [  n x ] is equal to:
Q80. If y = e2x then y2 = (Board 2005) 12302316 dx
(a) e2x (b) 2e2x (Board 2015) 12302326
(c) 4e 2x
(d) 16e2x 1
(a) x (b)
d2y x
Q81. y = e- ax , then 2 = (Board 2006) 12302317 1
dx (c) (d) none
(a) a 2 e  ax (b) ae  ax x
(c) ae  ax (d) a 2 e  ax dy
Q91. If y =n sinx  , then equals:
Q82. The differential co-efficient of esinx dx
equals: (Board 2014,16,18) 12302318 (Board 2014,16) 12302327
(a) tan x (b) cot x
(a) esin x .cos x (b) (c) – tan x (d) – cot x
esin x .sin x Q92. y = sinx then (Board 2009) 12302328
(c) sin x esin x 1 (d) sin x esin x 1 (a) y 4  y (b) y 4  y
Q83.
d cos x
(e ) equals: (Board 2015) 12302319 (c) y 4  y1 (d) y 4  y 2
dx
Q93. y = cos x then: (Board 2012) 12302329
(a)  sin xecos x (b) sin xecos x (a) y4 + y = 0 (b) y4 – y =0
(c) cos xesin x (d)  cos xesin x (c) y2  y = 0 (d) y3  y = 0
Q84. (a) = (Board 2011,16) 12302320 x2
(a) a (b) Q94. f(x) = f(0) + x f  (0) + f  (0) + …
x
(c) a . ln a (d) x 2!
d a is called: (Board 2008) 12302330
Q85.
dx
 
a = 12302321 (a) Taylor’s theorem
(b) Binomial series
aaa1 (b) aa.n a (c) Machlaurin’s series
(d)  a 
a
(c) 0 (d) Laurent series
d(33x ) Q95. The Maclaurin series expansion is
Q86. = (Board 2012) 12302322 valid only if it is: 12302331
dx
(a) convergent (b) divergent
33x ln3 (c) increasing (d) decreasing
(b) 33x.ln 9 Q96. The slope of the tangent line to the
(c) 33x ln 27 graph of f defined by the equation
(d) 33x ln18 y = f(x) at (x , f(x)) is: 12302332

(a) f (x) (b) f (x)

Q87. (nx) = (Board 2007) 12302323
(c) (d)
1 Q97. Let f be defined on an interval (a, b)
(a) (b) and let x, x  (a, b). Then f is an
x n10
increasing on the interval (a, b) if ---
x
(c) x . n 10 (d) ----- whenever x > x 12302333
 n10

28
 (a) f(x) = f(x) (b) f(x) > f(x) Q105. The minimum value of the function
(c) f(x)  f(x) (d) f(x) < f(x) f (x) = x2 – x – 2 is: (Board 2007)
Q98. Let f be a differentiable function on 9 9
(a)  (b) 
the interval (a, b). Then f is a 2 4
decreasing on (a, b) if --------- for (c) - 1 (d) 0
each x  (a, b). 12302334 d f x
Q106. e equals : (Board 2016) 12302342
(a) f (x)  0 (b) f (x) > 0 dx
(c) f (x) = 0 (d) f (x) < 0 (a) e f  x 
'
(b) e . f '  x 
f x

Q99. Let f be differentiable function in a

f ' x ef 
x

neighborhood of c where f (c)=0. (c) (d)

ex f 'x
Then f has relative minima at c if f
Q107. If f  x   2 , then f '  x  equals:
x
(c) ----. 12302335
(a) = 0 (b) > 0 (Board 2016) 12302343
(c)  0 (d) < 0 (a) 2 x1
(b) 2 x n 2
Q100. Let f be defined on an interval (a, b) 2x n 2
and let x, x  (a, b). Then f is a\an (c) (d)
n 2 2x
-------- on the interval (a, b) if f(x) <
1 dy
f(x) whenever x > x 12302336 Q108. If y  2 , then at x   1 is:
(a) increasing (b) decreasing x dx
(c) maxima (d) minima (Board 2016) 12302344
(a) 2 (b) 3
Q101. If f (c) = 0, then the number c is
1
called a ---------- value of f. 12302337 (c) (d) 4
(a) Critical (b) Stationary 3
(c) Extrema (d) None of these Q.109 If f '(c)  0, f ( x) has relative
Q102. If f  x+h  =2 , then f   x  equals:
x+h maxima at x = c, if: (Board
2016,18)
(Board 2014) 12302338
12302345
2 (a) f "(c)  0 (b) f "(c)  0
(a) 2 x h (b)
n 2 (c) f "(c)  0 (d) f "(c)1
(c) 2 x.n2 (d) 2 x f   0  2
Q103. If f (x + h) = cos (x +h), then f ' (x) Q.110 f  x   f  0   f   0  x  x 
2!
equals: (Board 2015) 12302339 f n 0 n
(a) cos x (b) –cos x ....  x  ..... is called:
(c) sin x (d) –sin x n!
2 (Board 2016) 12302346
Q104. The function f(x) = 3x has mini-
mum value at: (Board 2006) 12302340 (a) Taylor series
(a) x = 3 (b) x = 2 (b) Binomial series
(c) x = 1 (d) x = 0 (c) Laurent series
(d) Maclaruin theorem

Short Answer Questions

Q1. What is increment of x? 12302347 Q3. If y =  3t + 2  . Find y.
-2

Q2. Let y = 2x 2 + 1 Find y. (Board 2012) 12302349

(Board 2011, 12) 12302348
Q4. Write down the instantaneous rate of Q29. Differentiate x– w.r.t x
change of distance ‘S’ at time ‘t’. 12302350 (Board 2012) 12302375
Q5. What is the derivative of f(x) with dy 1
Q30. Find if x = θ + and y = θ + 1
respect to x at x? (Board 2012) 12302351 dx θ
Q6. What is the derivative of f(x) with (Board 2012) 12302376
respect to x at a? (Board 2012) 12302352 dy
Q7. Find by definition the derivative of Q31. Find if 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 .
dx
f(x) = xm, m  N . (Board 2012) 12302353
(Board 2012, 16) 12302377
Q8. Find the derivative of f(x) = c by 2
definition. (Board 2010, 16) 12302354  1 
Q32. Differentiate w.r.t. ‘x’:  x   .
Q9. Find the derivative of f(x) = x by ab-  x
initio method. (Board 2016) 12302355
(Board 2016,17,18) 12302378
Q10. Find the derivative of f(x) = at x = a
Q33. Find if xy + y = 2
from first principles. (Board 2011) 12302356
(Board 2016,18) 12302379
Q11. Find the derivative (x + 1) with
respect to ‘x’. (Board 2011) 12302357
Q34. Differentiate w.r.t. ‘x’: 12302380

Q12. Differentiate w. r. t. ‘x’: Q35. Find if y + x  4x = 5. 12302381

x+ 2x+ 3 12302358 Q36. Find if x + y = 4.

Q13. Differentiate w.r.t.‘x’:x+2x+ x (Board 2007,09) 12302382
(Board 2005) 12302359 Q37. Deduce the differential coefficient of
Q14. Find the derivative of y = x + x + x sec x from that of cos x. 12302383
+ 2x + 5 with respect to ‘x’. Q38. Deduce the differential coefficient of
12302360 cosec x from that of sin x. 12302384
Q15. Define product rule of Q39. If y =
differentiation. 12302361 prove that = secx. 12302385
Q16. Differentiate w.r.t. x Q40. If tan y (1 + tan x) = 1  tan x, show
(x5) (3x) 12302362 that =  1. 12302386
Q17. Define quotient rule of Q41. Find if y = x cos y
differentiation. 12302363
(Board 2009,18) 12302387
Q18. Differentiate w. r. t. ‘x’ : Q42. Find if x = y sin y 12302388
(Board 2008, 10, 11, 12,16,18) 12302364 Q43. Differentiate tanx with respect to ‘x’.
Q19. Differentiate w. r. t. ‘x’ : 12302389
12302365 Q44. Differentiate sinx with respect to ‘x’.
Q20. Differentiate w. r. t. ‘x’: (Board 2017) 12302390
12302366 Q45. Differentiate cosx with respect to ‘x’.
Q21. If y = – , show that (Board 2018) 12302391
2x + y = 2 (Board 2010) 12302367 Q46. Differentiate w. r. t. ‘x’ : cos
Q22. If y = x + 2x + 2, prove that 12302392

= 4x (Board 2007) 12302368 dy

Q47. If y = cot . Find .
Q23. If x and y are the functions of t, then dx
what is by chain rule. 12302369 (Board 2012) 12302393
Q24. Differentiate (1 + x) w. r. t x. Q48. Differentiate w. r. t. ‘x’ : sin
12302370
12302394
Q25. Find if x = at and y = 2at.
(Board 2005) 12302371 Q49. If y = Tan (þ Tan x), show that y –
Q26. Find by making suitable substitution þ = 0. Board 2012,17)
in the function defined as 12302395
y = (3x  2x + 7) 12302372 Q50. Find f   x  if f(x) = e
2
Q27. Differentiate cot (2 x) w.r.t. x . 12302373 (Board 2009) 12302396
Q28. Find if x = at and y = 2at. Q51. Find f   x  if f(x) = e
(Board 2005) 12302374

30
 (Board 2012) 12302397 Q83. If y = 2x 5 - 3x 4 + 4x 3 + x - 2 . Find y2.
x
Q52. Differentiate y = a w.r.t. ‘x’.
(Board 2016) 12302398 (Board 2012) 12302429

Q53. Find if y = e 12302399

Q84. Find y if y=2x3x + 4x + x  2
(Board 2012) 12302430
Q54. Find f(x) if f(x) = x e ; (x  0)
12302400 Q85. Find y if y = x  e
Q55. Find f   x  if f(x)= e (1 + ln x) (Board 2008, 09, 10, 11) 12302431

12302401
Q56. Differentiate a by ab-initio with Q86. Find y if x + y = a 12302432
respect to x. 12302402 Q87. Find y2 if y = sin 3x 12302433

Q57. Find f(x) if f(x) = 12302403 Q88. Find y if x = at , y = bt 12302434

Q89. Find y if y = (2x + 5) 12302435
Q58. Find f(x) if f(x) = ln Q90. Define a power series expansion of a
(Board 2016) 12302404
function. (Board 2018) 12302436
Q59. Find if y = x 12302405 Q91. Define the Maclaurin series
Q60. Find if y= 12302406
expansion. 12302437
Q61. Find if y = x ln 12302407
Q92. State Taylor’s Theorem. 12302438
Q62. Find if y = ln (9  x) (Board 2012)
(Board 2009) 12302408 Q93. Apply the Maclaurin expansion to
Q63. Find if y = e sin 2x 12302409 prove that: 12302439
Q64. Find if y = e ln (1 + x) = x  +  + ……………..
(Board 2009, 16) 12302410
Q94. Apply the Maclaurin expansion to
Q65. Find if y = x e prove that: (Board 2011,16) 12302440
(Board 2016,18) 12302411
cos x = 1  + – + …...........
Q66. Find if y = 5 e 12302412 Q95. Apply the Maclaurin expansion to
Q67. Differentiate (ln x) with respect to prove that: 12302441
‘x’. (Board 2009) 12302413
= 1 +  + + …...........
Q68. Find if y =(ln x) (Board 2009) Q96. Apply the Maclaurin expansion to
12302414
prove that: (Board 2011) 12302442
dy e = 1 + x + + + ……….
Q69. Find if y = Cosh x 12302415
dx Q97. Apply the Maclaurin expansion to
Q70. Find if y = cosh 2x (Board 2008) prove that: e = 1 + 2x + + + …
12302416 12302443
Q71. Find if y = sinh 3x 12302417 Q98. State Taylor’s series of a function f(x)
Q72. Find if y = sinh 2x 12302418 at x = a. (Board 2016) 12302444
Q73. Find if y = ln (tanh x) 12302419 Q99. Show that: cos (x + h) = cos xh sin x
Q74. Find if y = sinh 4x 12302420
 cos x + sin x + … 12302445
Q75. Find if y = tanhx
(Board 2010, 2011,17) 12302421 Q100. Expand f(x) = in the Maclaurin
Q76. Differentiate sinh x with respect to series. 12302446

‘x’. 12302422 Q101. Prove that e

Q77. Find if y = sinh (ax + b) 12302423 = e 12302447
Q78. Differentiate cosh x with respect to Q102. Show that 2 = 2 {1 + (ln 2)
‘x’. 12302424 h + (ln 2) h + (ln2) h + …} 12302448

Q79. Find if y = tanh (sin x), Q103. What is geometrical meaning of the
– x 12302425
derivative? 12302449

Q80. Find if y = sinh(x) 12302426 Q104. Define an increasing function.

Q81. Find if y = sinh 12302427 (Board 2017) 12302450

Q82. Differentiate tanh x with respect to Q105. What is critical value? 12302451
‘x’. (Board 2009) 12302428
Q106. What is relative maxima of a
function. 12302452
Q107. State first derivative rule. 12302453 Q119. Examine the function defined as
Q108. State second derivative rule. 12302454 f(x) = 1 + x for extreme values. 12302465
(Board 2012,18) Q120. Find the extreme values for the
Q109. What is relative extrema of a following function defined as: (Board 2018)
function? 12302455 f(x) = x  x  2 12302466
Q110. What is Stationary point? 12302456 Q121. Find the extreme values for the
Q111. What is critical point? 12302457 following function defined as: (Board 2009)
(Board 2017)
f(x) = 3x  4x + 5 12302467
Q112. Define the turning point. 12302458
n x
Q113. Determine the values of x for which Q122. Show that y = has maximum
f defined as x
f(x) = x + 2x  3 is increasing. 12302459 value at x = e 12302468
Q114. Determine the values of x for which Q123. Find two positive integers whose
f defined as f(x) = x + 2x  3 is decreasing. sum is 30 and their product will be
12302460 maximum. 12302469
Q115. Determine the intervals in which Q124. Divide 20 into two parts so that sum
f is a decreasing if f(x) = x  6x + 9x. of their squares will be minimum.12302470
(Board 2016) 12302461
Q116. Determine the intervals in which f is Q125. Find dimensions of a rectangle of
increasing and decreasing if f(x ) = x. largest area having perimeter 120cm.
12302462 12302471

Q126. Differentiate  x 2  1 w.r.t x .

2
Q117. Determine the intervals in which f is
increasing or decreasing for the domain
(Board 2017) 12302472
mentioned. f(x) = 4  x , x  ( 2 , 2)
 
(Board 2008,17) 12302463
Q127. If f  x   cos x, find f   
Q118. Determine the intervals in which f is 2
increasing or decreasing for the domain (Board 2017) 12302473
mentioned. f(x) = x + 3x + 2, x  ( 4, 1)
(Board 2008) 12302464

32
 Integration

Integration: 12303001 (ii) x 2  2 y 2  16 (Board 2006, 08) 12303007

(iii) x  y  xy
4 2 2
12303008
Example: (Board 2005) 12303002
Find  y and dy of the function defined as (iv) xy  ln x  c (Board 2018) 12303009
f ( x ) = x 2 , when x = 2, dx = 0.01 Q.3 Use differentials to approximate the
values of
(i) 4 17 (Board 2007) 12303010
EXERCISE 3.1 1
Q.1 Find y and dy in the following cases: (ii)  31 5 (Board 2016) 12303011

(i) y= x 2  1 when x changes from 3 to 3.02 (iii) cos 29 12303012

(Board 2008, 10,11,12) 12303003 (iv) sin 61 12303013

(ii) y= x  2 x when x changes from 2 to 1.8

2
Q.4 Find the approximate increase in the
(Board 2016,17) 12303004 volume of a cube if the length of its each
(iii) y = x when x changes from 4 to 4.41 edge changes from 5 to 5.02.
(Board 2011) 12303014
(Board 2005) 12303005
Q.5 Find the approximate increase in the
dy dx
Q.2 Using differentials find and area of a circular disc if its diameter is
dx dy increased from 44 cm to 44.4 cm. 12303015
in the following equations
(i) xy  x  4 (Board 2016,17)
12303006

Anti-Derivative / Integral of a Function: 12303016

Some Standard Formulae for Integration:  cos  ax  b 

1.  a f ( x) dx= a  f ( x ) dx 12303017
8.  sin  ax  b  dx = a
c

2.   f ( x) ± f
1 2 ( x)  dx=  f1 ( x) dx ±  f 2 ( x ) dx 12303024

9.  sec x dx  tan x  c
2
12303025
12303018
n 1 tan  ax  b 
 x dx = x  c, n   1 12303019  sec  ax  b  dx =
2
3. n
10. c
n 1 a
called power adding formula. 12303026

 f ( x)  c
n 1
11.  cos ec x dx   cot x  c 12303027
2

  
n
4. f ( x ) f ( x ) dx =
n 1 cot  ax  b 
 cosec  ax  b  dx =
2
12303020
12. c
a
5.  cos x dx  sin x  c 12303021 12303028

sin  ax  b  13.  sec x tan x dx  sec x  c 12303029

6.  cos  ax  b  dx = a
c

12303022
14.  sec  ax  b  tan  ax  b  dx
7.  sin x dx   cos x  c 12303023
= 1 sec  ax  b   c 12303030
a
 2

15.  cosec x cot x dx =  cosec x  c 33.  1 x

1
2
dx  tan 1 x  c   cot x  c 1

12303031

 cosec  ax  b  cot  ax  b  dx
12303049
16.

=  1 cosec  ax  b   c 1 1  x
34.
a dx = tan 1    c 12303050
12303032
a 2
x 2
a a
17. 
x
e dx = ex  c 12303033 1
ax
35.  x a
2 2
dx = n x  x 2  a 2  c
18.  e dx = e  c
ax
12303034
a 12303051
1

x
dx = n x  a 2  x 2  c
19.  a x dx = a  c 12303035 36.
a x2 2
n a
12303052
a mx dx
20.
 a dx m n a  c
=
mx
x
12303036
37.  sec 1 x  c   cosec 1 x  c
x 12
1
21.  x dx = n |x| + c 12303037 12303053
1 1  x
1 1 38. x dx  sec 1    c
22.  ax  b dx = a n ax  b  c 12303038 x a2 2 a a
12303054
23.  sec x dx = n sec x  tan x  c 12303039 1
dx =  cosec 1    c
1 x
24.  sec  ax  b  dx 12303040
39. x x a2
a 2
a
1
n sec  ax  b   tan  ax  b   c
12303055
=
a Example:
Evaluate the following:
25.  cosec x dx = n cosec x  cot x  c
(i)   x  1 x  3 dx (Board 2005) 12303056
12303041

26.  cosec  ax  b  dx 12303042 (ii) x x 2  1dx (Board 2010) 12303057

1 x
n cosec  ax  b   cot  ax  b   c
a
= (iii)
 x  2 dx 12303058

27.  tan x dx = n cos x  c = n sec x  c 1

 dx, x  0 (Board 2009,10,17)
12303043
(iv)
x  x 1 
1
28.  tan  ax  b  dx = a n sec  ax  b   c dx
12303059

12303044
(v)  x 1  x
(Board 2016) 12303060

29.  cot x dx = n sin x  c 12303045 sin x  cos3 x

1 (vi)  cos2 x sin x dx 12303061
30.  cot  ax  b  dx = a n sin  ax  b   c
3  cos  2 x 
12303046 (vii)  1  cos  2 x  dx, cos  2 x   1 12303062
dx

1 1
31.  sin x  c   cos x  c (Board 2010)
2
1 x
12303047
1
dx = sin 1    c
x
32.  a x2 2
a
12303048
 EXERCISE 3.2 Rationalizing
Q.1 Evaluate the following indefinite 1  x2
(ii)  dx (Board 2008) 12303075
integrals 1  x2
(i)   3 x  2 x  1 dx
2
12303063 dx
(iii)  12303076
 1  xa  x
(ii)   x  dx 12303064 3
x (iv)   a  2 x  dx (Board 2006) 12303077
2

(iii)  x x  1 dx  12303065
1  e  x
3

1 (v)  e dx 12303078
(iv)
  2x + 3 2 dx (Board 2009, 10) 12303066 x

(vi)  sin  a  b  x dx 12303079

 
2
(v) x  1 dx 12303067
(vii)  1  cos 2x dx (Board 2008, 09) 12303080
2
(vi)  x  1  dx 1
  x

12303068
(viii)   n x   dx
x
(Board 2010) 12303081

3x  2 (ix)  sin x dx
2
(vii)  dx 12303069 12303082
x 1
(viii) 
y  y  1
dy (Board 2010) 12303070
(x)
 1  cos x dx 12303083

y ax  b
  1 
2 (xi)  ax  2bx  c dx (Board 2016) 12303084
2

(ix)
 d (xii)  cos  3 x  sin  2 x  dx (Board 2010,17)
12303071

1  x 
2 12303085

(x) cos  2 x   1
 x
dx (Board 2006, 08) 12303072
(xiii)
 1  cos  2 x  dx 12303086

e2 x  e x
 e x dx (Board 2009) (xiv)  tan
2
(xi) 12303073 x dx (Board 2005, 07, 09, 11)

12303087
Q.2 Evaluate
dx
(i)  12303074
xa  xb

Example 1:
a
x2
 x dx a > 0, a  1 (Board 2008,17)
x
 4  x 2 dx (Board 2011,17) 12303091

12303088 Example 5: (Board 2010) 12303092

dx
Example 2: (i)  2  -a < x < a  ……(1)
a  x2
(i)  cosec x dx (Board 2009) 12303089
dx
(ii)   x > a or x < -a  12303093
(ii)  sec x dx x x2  a2

Example 3:
 cos
3
x sin x dx (Board 2010) 12303090
Example 6: 12303094
dx
Example 4: Evaluate:  a2  x2
a > 0  (Board 2010)
 4

dx
Example 7: 12303095 Q.14  7  6 x  x2
12303110

dx
Evaluate:   x > 0  (Board 2009) Q.15
cos x
 sin x ln sin x  dx (Board 2016)
2x  x2
12303111
EXERCISE 3.3  ln sin x  
Evaluate the following integrals: Q.16  cos x  sin x 
 dx 12303112
2 x
Q.1  dx 123031096
4 x x
 4  2x  x
2
Q.17 2
dx 12303113
dx
Q.2
 x 2  4 x  13 12303097
x
Q.18
x  2 x2  5
4
dx 12303114
x2
Q.3
 4  x 2 dx (Board 2009, 12) 12303098  x  1 
1
Q.19
 cos  x  2    x  1  dx
Q.4  dx (Board 2008,17) 12303099
x nx 12303115

ex x2
Q.5  e x  3 dx 12303100
Q.20  x3
dx (Board 2011) 12303116

xb 2
Q.6  dx (Board 2018)
Q.21
 sin x  cos x dx (Board 2007, 08) 12303117
x 2  2bx  c
12303101 1
sec 2 x Q.22 1 3
dx 12303118
Q.7 tan x
dx (Board 2008) 12303102
2
sin x 
2
cos x
Q.8(a) Show that: (Board 2017,18)
Integration By Parts: (Board 2010) 12303119
12303103

= ln  x + x 2 - a 2  + c
dx

x -a 2 2
Example 1:
Evaluate:  x cos x dx (Board 2009, 11) 12303120
(b) Show that:
a 2 -1 x x 2 2
 a - x dx = 2 sin a + 2 a - x + c
2 2
12303104 Example 2:
 xe
x
Evaluate: (Board 2005, 10,18) 12303121
Evaluate the following integrals:
Q.9 1 12303105 Example 3:
 dx
 x tan
 
3 2
1  x2 2 Evaluate: x dx 12303122

1
Q.10  1  x  tan 2 1
x
dx 12303106 Example 4:
Evaluate:  x nx dx (Board 2009)
5
12303123

1 x
Q.11
 1 x
dx 12303107

Example 5:
Q.12 sin 
 1  cos2  d 12303108
Evaluate  a 2  x 2 dx (Board 2009) 12303124

ax Example 6: (Board 2009)

Q.13  dx 12303109
12303125

a  x4
2
Evaluate  sin xdx
4
x sin 1 x
(xxi) 
1  x2
dx 12303147

Example 7: (Board 2009, 11) Q.2 Evaluate the following integrals:

e 1  sin x 
x
(i)  tan 4 x dx 12303148
Evaluate:
 1  cos x
dx 12303126

(ii)  sec4 x dx 12303149

Example 8: (Board 2007) 12303127 (iii)  e x sin  2 x  cos x dx 12303150

Show that
(iv)  tan 3 x sec x dx (Board 2017)
 e af  x   f   x dx = e f  x   c
ax ax 12303151
12303131

 x e dx
3 5x
(v) 12303152

EXERCISE 3.4 (vi)  e sin(2x)dx

-x
12303153
Q.1 Evaluate the following integrals by
parts: (vii)  e cos(3x)dx
2x
(Board 2012) (Board 2008,18)
(i)  x sin x dx 12303128
12303154

(ii)  ln x dx (Board 2008, 10) 12303129 (viii)  cosec 3 x dx 12303155

Q.3 Show that:

 x ln x dx
12303156
(iii) (Board 2006, 08, 09,17)
1  b
e
ax
12303130 .sinbxdx = .eax .sin  bx - tan -1  + c
a +b2 2  a
Q.4 Evaluate the following integrals:
 x ln x dx (Board 2016) 12303131
2
(iv)
(i)
(v)  x ln x dx
3
(Board 2007) 12303132
a 2  x 2 dx (Board 2009) 12303157

(ii)  x 2  a 2 dx (Board 2009, 10)

(vi)  x ln x dx
4
12303132a
12303158
(vii)  1 . tan xdx (Board 2011) 12303133
-1

(viii)  x sin x dx
2
12303134
(iii)  4  5x 2 dx (Board 2008, 09) 12303159

(ix)  x tan xdx

2 -1
12303135
(iv)  3  4x 2 dx 12303160

(v)  x  4 dx
2
(x)  x tan xdx
-1 12303161
12303136
(vi)  x e 2 ax
dx (Board 2018) 12303162
(xi)  x tan xdx
3 -1
12303137
Q.5 Evaluate the following integrals
(xii)  x cosxdx
3

(i)  e x  1  ln x  dx
12303138
(Board 2012)
(xiii)  sin x dx (Board 2011) 12303139
1 x 
12303163
(xiv)  x sin x dx 1
12303140 (ii)  e x cos x  sin x  dx 12303164

(xv)  e sin x cos x dx

x
12303141
 
1
(xvi)  x sin x cos x dx (Board 2018) 12303142  
(iii) e ax a sec 1 x 
x x2  1 
 dx 12303165

(xvii)  x cos x dx (iv)  e 3 x  3sin x 2 cos x  dx

2
12303143 12303166
 sin x 
(xviii)  x sin x dx
2
12303144
(v)  e   sin x  2cos x  dx
2x
12303167
(xix)   ln x  dx (Board 2010)
2
12303145
xe x
(xx)  ln  tan x  sec x dx
2
12303146
(vi)  1  x  2
dx 12303168
 6

(vii)  e  x cos x  sin x  dx 2x 1

Evaluate 
12303169 dx
Q.10
m tan x 1 x  x  1 x  3 
(viii) e
 1  x 2 dx …(1) 12303170 12303186

Q.11 Evaluate 5 x2  9 x  6 12303187

(ix)  2 x dx 12303171   x 2  1  2 x  3  dx
1  sin x
e x 1  x  7x  4
(x)  dx (Board 2017) 12303172 Q.12 Evaluate  dx
 x  1  3 x  2 
2

2  x 
2

e x 1  sin x  12303188
(xi)
 1  cos x
dx (Board 2016) 12303173
Q.13 Evaluate 
2 x2
dx 12303189
 x  1  x  1
2

Example 1: 1
x  6 Q.14 Evaluate  dx
 x  1 x  1
2 12303190
Evaluate:
 2 x 2  7 x  6 dx 12303174

x4
Q.15 Evaluate  dx 12303191
Example 2: x  3 x2  4
3

2a x 3  6 x 2  25
(i) Evaluate:  dx (Board 2008) 12303175 Q.16 Evaluate  dx
 x  1  x  2 
2 2
x  a2 2

2a
(ii) Evaluate:  2 dx (Board 2009,18) 12303176 12303192
a  x2
Q.17 Evaluate x  22 x  14 x 3 17 dx
3 2

  x  3  x  2  12303193

EXERCISE 3.5 x2

Q.18 Evaluate   x  1 x  1 dx
Q.1 Evaluate: 
3x  1
dx 12303177   2 12303194

x  x6
2
Q.19 Evaluate x
Q.2 Evaluate: 
5x  8
dx   x  1  x 2
 1
dx
 x  3  2 x  1 12303178
12303195
Q.3 Evaluate x  3 x  34 dx
2
9x  7
 x 2  2 x  15 12303179 Q.20 Evaluate
  x  3 x dx
a  b  x dx
2
1 
Q.4 Evaluate 
 x  a  x  b 
12303180 12303196
Q.21 Evaluate 1  4x
Q.5 Evaluate 
3 x   x  3 x 2
4 
dx
dx 12303181
1  x  6 x2
12303197
Q.6 Evaluate  2
2x
dx 12303182 Q.22 Evaluate 12
x
12303198
x  a2 dx
8 3
1
Q.7 Evaluate
 6 x 2  5 x  4 dx 12303183 Q.23 Evaluate 9 x  6 dx
 x3  8
12303199

2 x3  3 x2  x  7
Q.8 Evaluate  dx Q.24 Evaluate 2 x2  5 x  3
2 x2  3 x  2   x  1  x 2 2
4 
dx
12303184

3 x 2  12 x  11 12303200
Q.9 Evaluate  dx 12303185
 x  1 x  2  x  3  Q.25 Evaluate 
2 x2  x  7
dx
 x  2   x 2  x  1
2 12303201
 3x  1 2
Q.26 Evaluate  4 x 2  1 x 2  x  1 dx   x  x  dx
   12303202 Evaluate
1

4x 1
Q.27 Evaluate  dx 12303203 Example 5: (Board 2009)
  
12303217
x  4 x2  4x  5
2
π

Q.28 Evaluate 6a 2 Evaluate: 6

 x cos xdx
12303204
 
x 2  a 2 x 2  4a 2
dx
 0
I II

Q.29 Evaluate 2 x2  2 12303205

 x 4  x 2  1 dx Example 6:
1 3
3x  8
Q.30 Evaluate  x 2  x  2 x 2  x  2 dx 12303206
If  f  x  dx  5 ,  f  x  dx  3 ,
   1
2 1

Q.31 Evaluate 3 x3  4 x2  9 x  5
  x 2  x  1 x 2  2 x  3 dx
12303207
2
 g  x  dx  4
Then evaluate the following definite
integrals.
Definite Integral: (Board 2008, 10) 12303208 3
(i)  f  x  dx (Board 2008, 2010)
Properties of Definite Integrals: 2
12303218
b a
(i)  f  x  dx =  f  x  dx 1

 2 f  x   3  g  x dx
12303209
a b
(ii) 12303219
b c b 2
(ii)  f  x  dx =  f  x  dx   f  x  dx 1 1

a a c (iii)
 3 f  x  dx   2 g  x  dx 12303220

where a  c  b (Board 2011) 12303210 2 2

b b b

(iii)   f  x   g  x  dx   f  x  dx   g  x  dx EXERCISE 3.6

a a a
Evaluate the following definite integrals:
12303211 2

x  1 dx (Board 2008, 11)

b b b 2
(iv)   f  x   g  x  dx   f  x  dx   g  x  dx Q.1 12303221
a a a
1

12303212  13
1

Q.2  
1 
x  1  dx

(Board 2009, 10) 12303222
Example 1: (Board 2011,18)
0
1
  2 x  1
3
Q.3
 x  3 x  dx
Evaluate 3 2 12303213 2
dx 12303223
2
1
2

Example 2: (Board 2009, 10) 12303214

Q.4

6
3  xdx (Board 2017) 12303224


4 5
Evaluate: sec x sec x  tan x  dx
   2t  1 dt
3
Q.5 12303225
0 1
5

Example 3: (Board 2009) 12303215

Q.6
x
2
x 2  1dx 12303226

Evaluate 4
1 2
x
 1  sin x dx
0 Q.7 x
1
2
2
dx 12303227

Example 4: (Board 2008, 11) 12303216

 8

2
3
 1
2  13 
Q.8   x   dx 12303228 1 
x  2
x Q.23   dx 12303243
2 1 2
1
 1 x3
Q.9
 x 2  x  1  x   dx
 2
12303229 8
3
1 x2  2
3
dx
Q.24 1 x  1 dx (Board 2017) 12303244
Q.10  x 9
2
(Board 2009) 12303230
3
3 x2  2 x  1
Q.25 
0
 dx
3 
2  x  1 x  1
2
 12303245

Q.11  cos t dt (Board 2008,17) 12303231 


Q.26
4
sin x  1
 (Board 2010)
6 12303246
dx
2
1 cos 2 x
Q.12  x  1   1  1  dx2 0

  

2 
x  x 
(Board 2011) 12303232 
4
1
Q.27 1
2
Q.13  n x dx 12303233
 1  sin x dx
0
(Board 2009, 10) 12303247

1 1
3x
 x 2
 
x Q.28
 dx (Board 2008) 12303248
0 
Q.14  e 2  e 2  dx

12303234
0

4  3x
2
 cos x
Q.15
4
cos   sin  Q.29 
 sin x  2  sin x 
dx 12303249

0 cos  2   1 d 12303235
6

 2
Q.30 sin x
6
 1  cos x  2  cos x  dx 12303250


Q.16 cos  d (Board 2012)
3 12303236 0
0

 Example 1:
4
Find the area bounded by the curve.

Q.17 cos 2  cot 2  d

12303237
y = x 3  3 x 2 and x-axis. (Board 2009) 12303251
6

4 Example 2:
Find the area bounded by y = x  x  4 
Q.18 cos 4 xdx (Board 2012,18)
 0
12303238 2

 and the x-axis. 12303252

3
Q.19 cos 2  sin  d
 0
(Board 2018)

12303239
Example 3:
Find the area between x-axis and the curve
 y2=4−x in the first quad from x = 0 to x = 3.
4
Q.20
 1  cos   tan
2 2
 d 12303240 (Board 2008) 12303253
0

EXERCISE 3.7
sec
4
Q.1 Find the area between the x-axis and
Q.21
0 sin  cos d (Board 2016) 12303241
the curve y = x 2 + 1 from x = 1 to x = 2.
5 (Board 2008) 12303254
Q.22  x  3 dx (Board 2007) 12303242 Q.2 Find the area, above the x-axis and
1 under the curve y = 5 – x2 from x = –1 to
x = 2. (Board 2007, 11) 12303255
Q.3 Find the area below the curve
y = 3and above the x-axis between x = 1 and Example 1: (Board 2018)
x = 4. (Board 2009)
= y 1
12303256 dy 2

Q.4 Find the area bounded by cos function Solve (Board 2006) 12303272
dx e x
 
from x = – to x= . (Board 2008) 12303257
2 2 Example 2: (Board 2007) 12303273
Q.5 Find the area between the x-axis and Solve the differential equation.
the curve y = 4x – x2. 12303258 2e x tan ydx  1  e x  sec 2 ydy = 0
Q.6 Determine the area bounded by the
parabola y = x2 + 2x – 3 and the x-axis.  or 3
0 y   y
12303259 2 2
Q.7 Find the area bounded by the curve Example 3: (Board 2008) 12303274
y = x3 + 1, the x-axis and line x = 2. Solve the differential equation.
dy
= 3 x2  x  3
12303260
Q.8 Find the area bounded by the curve
dx 4
y = x3 – 4x and the x-axis. (Board 2018)12303261 If y = 0 when x = 2
Q.9 Find the area between the curve
y = x(x – 1)(x + 1) and the x-axis. 12303262
Q.10 Find the area above the x-axis,
EXERCISE 3.8
Q.1 Check that each of the following
bounded by the curve y2 = 3  x from
equations written against the differential
x = 1 to x = 2. 12303263
equation is its solution.
Q.11 Find the area between the x-axis
dy
and the curve y = cos x from x = −  to x =  (i) x = 1 y 12303275
(Board 2011) 12303264
dx
Q.12 Find the area between the x-axis and y = cx – 1
dy
 (ii) x  2 y  1  1 = 0 (Board 2016) 12303276
2
the curve y = sin 2x from x = 0 to x = dx
3
1
12303265 y2  y = c 
x
Q.13 Find the area between the x-axis and
dy
the curve y = 2ax  x 2 when a > 0. (iii) y  e2x = 1 12303277
dx
(Board 2017) 12303266
y2 = e 2 x  2 x  c
1 dy
(iv)  2 y = 0 (Board 2008) 12303278
x dx
2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS y = ce x
(Board 2018)
= y 1
12303267 dy 2
(v) 12303279
dx e x
Examples:
y = tan  e  c 
x
dy
(i) x =0 12303268
dx
Solve the following differential equations:
d2 y
(ii) y0 12303269 dy
dx 2 Q.2 dx = − y (Board 2017) 12303280
Order of Differential equation 12303270
Q.3 ydx  xdy = 0 12303281
dy 1  x
Example: (Board 2018) 12303271 Q.4 = (Board 2009) 12303282
3 8
 d y   dy 
2 dx y
 2     x= 0 Its order =2, degree =3
 dx   dx 
 10

dy y (Board 2011, 12)

Q.5 = 2 12303283
Q.19 Find the general solution of the
dx x
dy dy
Q.6 sin y cosec x = 1 (Board 2010) 12303284 equation  x = xy 2 . Also find particular
dx dx
solution if y = 1 when x = 0.
Q.7 xdy  y  x  1 dx = 0 12303297
12303285
Q.20 Solve the differential equation
x2  1 x dy dx
Q.8 = (Board 2017) 12303286 = 2x given that x = 4 when t = 0. 12303298
y1 y dx dt
1 dy Q.21 Solve the differential equation
Q.9 = 1 1  y 2  12303287
x dx 2 ds
 2 st = 0. Also find particular solution
2 dy dt
Q.10 2 x y = x2  1 12303288
dx if s = 4e, when t = 0. 12303299

dy 2 xy Q.22 In a culture, bacteria increases at the

Q.11  =x 12303289 rate proportional to the number of
dx 2 y  1
bacteria present. If bacteria are 200
2 dy
Q.12  x  yx   y  xy = 0 12303290
2 2 2
initially and are doubled in 2 hours, find
dx the number of bacteria present four hours
Q.13 sec x tan ydx  sec 2 y tan xdy = 0 12303291
2
later. 12303300
Q.23 A ball is thrown vertically upward
Q.14 y  x dy = 2  y 2  dy  12303292 with a velocity of 2450 cm/sec. Neglecting
dx  dx 
air resistance find
dy
Q.15 1  cos x tan y = 0 12303293 (i) Velocity of ball at any time t 12303301
dx (ii) Distance traveled in any time t
dy  dy 
= 3  1  x  (Board 2009) 12303294
12303302
Q.16 y  x
dx  dx  (iii) Maximum height attained by the ball.
dy 12303303
Q.17 sec x  tan y =0 12303295
dx
 x dy
Q.18  e  e 
x
= e x  e  x 12303296
dx
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
 Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.
Q.1 x and dx are 12303304 Q.10 If = (x) + c, then f(x) is called:
(a) equal to each other 12303313
(b) not equal to each other (a) integration
(c) nearly equal to each other (b) integrand
(d) None of these (c) constant of integration
Q.2 y and dy are 12303305 (d) None of these
(a) equal to each other Q.11 = ---------------, where a is any
(b) not equal to each other constant. 12303314
(c) nearly equal to each other (a) (b) f(x)
(d) None of these (c) a  (d) a +
Q.3 If y = x2 + 1 _____ x changes from 3 Q.12 If (x) = f(x), then (x) is called a\an
to 3.02 then dy = ……… 12303306 -------- of f(x). 12303315
(a) 0.1204 (b) .12 (a) derivative (b) differential
(c) .02 (d) 1.2 (c) integral (d) None of these
Q.4 If y = sin x then dy = 12303307 Q.13 The is symbol for: 12303316
(a) cosy dx (b) cos x (a) integration
(c) cosx dx (d) cos xdy (b) integration w.r.t.x
Q.5 The term dy (or df) = f (x) dx is (c) differentiation
called the ----- of the dependent (d) differentiation w.r.t.x
variable y. 12303308 Q.14 = ---- + c, (n   1)
(a) differentiation (a) (n + 1) f(x)] (b) f(x) 12303317
(b) integration (c) n f(x)] (d)
(c) differential
(d) None of these
Q.6 The technique or method to find
such a function whose derivative is
given involves the inverse process of
differentiation called: 12303309
(a) differentiation
(b) integration
(c) differential
(d) None of these
Q.7  (x) dx = f(x) if: 12303310
(a)  (x) = f(x)
(b) [ (x)] = f(x)
(c) [f (x)] =  (x)
(d) [ (x)] = f(x) + c
Q.8 If  (x) is the integral of f(x), then
f(x) dx is given by: 12303311
(a)  (a) +  (b) (b)  (a)   (b)
(c)  (a) –  (b) (d)  (b) –  (a)
Q.9 If1(x) and 2 (x) are any two
antiderivatives of a function  (x),
then (x) – (x) = 12303312
(a)  (x) (b) a variable
(c) 0 (d) a constant
 12

Q.15 = ------------------ + c 12303318 cos(3 x)

(c) (d) 3cos x  c
(a) nx (b) (n + 1)x 3
xn Q.23 = ---------. (Board 2015) 12303326
(c) (d)
n (a) cos x + c (b)  cos x + c
Q.16 = -------- + c , (n   1) (c) sin x + c (d)  sin x + c
(a) n(ax + b) a 12303319
Q.24 = -----------.(Board 2018)12303327
(b)  (a) tan x + c
(c) (b)  tan x + c
(c) sec x tan x + c
 ax  b 
n

(d) (d)  sec x tan x+c

n Q.25 = (Board 2015) 12303328
Q.17 An integral of 3x is: 12303320 (a) tan x + c (b)  tan x + c
(a) x+c (b) 3 (c) sec x + c (d)  sec x + c
(c) 6x (d) x+c Q.26 = -------------- + c. 12303329
Q.18 If = (x) + c, then c is called: (a) cot x
12303321 (b)  cot x
(a) integration (c) cosec x cot x
(b) integrand (c) (d) cosec x cot x
constant of integration Q.27 = 12303330

(d) None of these (a) cosec x + c

1 (b)  cosec x + c
Q.19
  2x + 3  2 dx is equal to: 12303322 (c) cot x + c
1 (d)  cot x + c
1
(a)  2 x  3 2  c (Board 2014) Q.28 = ------- + c, (a  0)
2 (a) cos (ax + b) 12303331
3
2 (b)  cos (ax+b)
(b)  2 x  3 2  c
3 (c) sin (ax + b)
1 1 (d)  sin (ax+b)
(c)  2 x  3 2  c
3
3
1
(d)  2 x  3 2  c
3
Q.20 If = (x) + c, as c is not definite, so
(x) + c is called the
---------- of f(x). 12303323
(a) integral
(b) indefinite integral
(c) differential
(d) definite integral
Q.21 cos (2x) dx: 12303324
(a) sin(2x)+c (b) cos(2x)+c
1
(c) 2cosx+c (d) sin  2 x   c
2
Q.22 sin (3x) dx: 12303325
 cos(3 x)
(a) 3cos 3x+c (b) +c
3
Q.29 = --------- + c,(a  0). 1  x 
(a) cos (ax + b) (b) sin   +c
12303332
a
(b)  cos (ax + b)
1  x 
(c) sin (ax + b) (c) tan   +c
(d)  sin (ax + b) a
Q.30 = ------- + c, (a  0) (d) none
1
(iii) 12303333 Q.37  dx = 12303340
(a) tan (ax + b) (b) tan (ax + b) a + x2
2

(c) a tan (ax + b) (d) none 1 x

Q.31 = ---------- (a) tan 1   +c
a a
(iv) cot (ax + b) + c, (a  0) 12303334
(a) (b) b 1  x 
(b) tan   +c
(c)  (d) ax + b a
Q.32 = ------, (a  0) (c) lnx+ x 2  a 2 +c
(d) sinh  x   c
12303335 1

(a) tan (ax + b) + c

(b)  tan (ax + b) + c dx
(c) sec (ax + b) + c
Q.38 x x2  a2
= (Board 2018) 12303341

(d)  sec (ax + b) + c x 1 x

Q.33  Cosec (ax+b) cot (ax+b) (a) sin1   +c (b) sec1   +c
a a a
(v) dx = …..+c 12303336
(a) a cosec (ax+b)
1 x
(c) cosec1   +c
(b) cosec (ax+b) a a
1 1  x 
(c)  cosec (ax+b) (d) (d) cos    c
a a
cot  ax  b  Q.39 To integrate dx we will make
1 substitution:12303342
Q.34  1 x 2
dx is equal:(Board 2015, 16) (a) x = 3 sec  (b) x = 3 tan 
(vi) 12303337 (c) x = 3 sin  (d) x = 3 sinh 
–1 Q.40 To integrate we will make
(a) tan x +c (b) tan x2 +c
–1
substitution: 12303343
(c) cot–1 x+c (d) cot–1 x2+c
1
(a) x = 2 tan  (b) x = 2 sec 
Q.35 a 2
 x2
dx is equal to: (Board 2015) (c) x = 2 cos  (d) None of these.
dx
x
(vii) 12303338
Q.41 To integrate  x 2 x 2 - 9 we will
make substitution:
(a) tan–1 a + c
12303344
(a) x = 3 tan  (b) x = 3 sec 
1 x
(c) x = 3 sin  (d) x = 9 tan 
(b) a tan a + c
–1
Q.42 To integrate we will make
x substitution:12303345
(c)sin–1   +c (a) 5x = 3 sec  (b) x = 3 sec 
a
(c) x = 3 sin  (d) 5x = 3 sin 
1  x 
(d) cos    c Q.43 To integrate we will make
a substitution: 12303346
1 (a) x = 3 tan 
Q.36  dx = 12303339
a2 - x2 (b) 2 x = 3 tan 
1 1  x  (c) x = tan 
(a) sin   +c (d) x = 9 tan 
a a
 14

Q.44 To integrate dx we will make

substitution: 12303347
(a) x = 100 sin  (b) x = 10 sin 
(c) x = 10 tan  (d) x = 10 sin 
Q.45 = --------- + c, (  0)
(a) e (b)  e 12303348
(c)  e (d) e

Q.46 = --------- + c, (a > 0, a  1)

(Board 2018) 12303349
(a) a (b)
(c) (d)
Q.47 23xdx = 12303350
23 x
(a) 3.2 .n 2+c
3x
(b) +c
3
23 x
(c) +c (d) 23 x  c
3n 2
Q.48 amxdx = 12303351
a mx
(a) amx+c (b) +c
m
a mx a nx
(c) +c (d) c
mn a na
Q.49 = ------------ + c, f(x) > 0
(Board 2015,18) 12303352
(a) f(x) (b) ln |f(x)|
(c) f (x) (d) ln |f (x)|
Q.50 = --------------------- + c, (ax + b  0, a
 0) 12303353
(a) ln |ax + b| (b) ln |bx + a|
(c) a ln |ax + b|
(d) ln |ax + b|
Q.51 = 12303354
(a) ln |sec x + tan x| + c
(b) ln |cosec x  cot x| + c
(c) ln |sec x  tan x| + c
(d) ln |cosec x + cot x| + c
Q.52  sec xdx = (Board 2014,17) 12303355

(a) n sec x  tan x  c

(b) n cos ec x  cot x  c
(c) n sec x  tan x  c
(d) n cosec x  cot x  c
 ax + b x 1
Q.53  ax 2
+ 2bx + c
dx 12303356 (a) e  x nx  c (b) e .  c
x
(a) ln |ax2 +2bx+c|+d x 1
1 (c) e .  c (d) e x nx  c
x
(b) ln |ax2 + 2bx+c|+d
2 Q.63 = ------- + c
(c) ln |ax + b|+c (a) e (b) f(x) 12303366
(d) none (c) e f(x) (d) e + f(x)
Q.54 = ---------------- + C. 12303357 Q.64  e (cosx - sinx)dx = (Board 2012) 12303367
-x

(a) ln |sin x| (b)  ln |sin x|

(a) e  x sin x  c (b) e  x sin x  c
(c) ln |cos x| (d)  ln |cos x|
Q.55 = ----- + c, (a  0)
(c) e  x cos x  c (d) e  x cos x  c
e
2x
12303358 Q.65 ( sin x  2 cos x) dx equals:
(a) ln |cos (ax + b)| (Board 2012)
(b)  ln |sin (ax + b)| (Board 2015) 12303368

(c) ln |sin (ax + b)| e2x sin x

(a) (b) e2x cos x
(d)  ln |cos (ax + b)| –e2x sin x
(c) (d) –e2x cos x
1
Q.56 = (Board 2012,16) 12303359 Q.66  2 dx 12303369
(a) ln |cos x| + c (b) ln |sec x| + c x  a2
(c) ln |sin x| + c (d) None of these 1 x a
(a) lnx2a2+c (b) ln c
Q.57  tan(ax+b) dx = …….+c 2a x  a
(viii) (Board 2012) 12303360
1 xa 1 xa
(ix) (a) ln |sec (ax+b)| (c)n  c (d) n c
1 2 xa a xa
(b) ln |sec (ax+b)| 1
a Q.67  2 dx 12303370
(c) a ln |sec (ax+b) | a  x2
(d) None of these (a) lnx2a2+c
1 1 ax
Q.58  dx equals: (Board 2014,15) 12303361 (b) ln c
x.nx 2a a  x
(a) n  nx   c (b) nx  c 1 ax
(c) n c
1  1 2a ax
(c) n    c (d) n  n   c
 x  x 1 ax
(d) n c
Q.59 lnx dx = (Board 2012,15) 12303362 a ax
(a) x lnx + x + c Q.68 If (x) = f(x) and has a definite
(b) x lnx  x + c value (b)  (a), then it is called the
(c) x lnx + c ___ of f from a to b.12303371
(d) None of these. (a) integration by parts
(b) definite integral
Q.60 x exdx 12303363 (c) differentiation
x
(a) x e +c (b) x exex +c (d) None of these
(c) x ex+cx+c (d) None Q.69 If the upper limit is a constant and
the lower limit is a variable, then the
Q.61  e  f  x   f   x dx
x
12303364
integral is a function of: 12303372
(a) exf’ (x)+c (b) exf(x)+c (a) x (b) y
(c) ex+f(x)+c (d) none (c) lower limit (d) upper limit
Q.70 If the lower limit is a constant and
x 1 
Q.62  e  + lnx  dx equals: the upper limit is a variable, then
x  the integral is a function of:
(Board 2013, 14) 12303365 12303373
 16

(a) x (b) y 
(c) lower limit (d) upper limit (c) 0 (d)
2
Q.71 If , then the interval [a, b] is called
the __ of integration. 12303374
(a) domain (b) range
(c) lower limit (d) upper limit
Q.72 If , then ‘b’ is known as the
_____ of integration. 12303375
(a) domain (b) range
(c) lower limit (d) upper limit
Q.73 = (Board 2016) 12303376
(a)
(b) 
(c)
(d) 
Q.74 + = ------------- ; where a < b < c.
12303377
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
1

x
3
Q.75 dx is equal to: (Board 2015,16) 12303378
0

(a) 4 (b) –4
1 1
(c) (d)
4 4
3

 x + 3x 2  dx =
3
Q.76 12303379
-1
(a) 36 (b) 42
(c) 48 (d) 12
b

Q.77  x dx equal :
a
(Board 2015) 12303380

ba ba
(a) (b)
2 2
b2  a 2 b2  a 2
(c) (d)
2 2
4

Q.78 3
1
x dx is equal to:(Board 2015) 12303381

(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 14 (d) 41
π
Q.79
 0
2
sinxdx = ..... (Board 2012) 12303382

(a) 0 (b) 
(c) –1 (d) 1
1
dx
Q.80  =: 12803083
0 1 - x2
 
(a) (b)
6 4
 1 1 as the area under the curve y =
Q.81 0 1  x 2 dx (Board 2017) 12303384
Q.88
f(x) from x = a to x = b and the x- axis is
  called: 12303391
(a) (b)
4 2 (a) integration by parts
  (b) definite integral
(c) (d)
3 2 (c) differentiation

(d) None of these
Q.82 3 cos t dt 12303385
Q.89 If the graph of f is entirely below the
6
x-axis, then the definite integral is:
3 1 3 1 (a) positive 12303392
(a) (b)
2 2 (b) positive or negative
1 3 (c) negative
(c) (d) 3 1
2 (d) positive and negative
21 Q.90 The area of the region, below the
Q.83 1 x
dx 12303386
x-axis and under the curve y = f(x)
1 from a to b is given by: 12303393
(a) 1 (b) ln2 (a) (b) 
2
(c)  (d) None
1
(c) ln   (d) 0 Q.91 Area bounded by cos function from
2  

1 x=  to is: 12303394
2 2
Q.84
0
4
cos 2 x
dx 12303387

(a) (b) 
 2
(a) sec2x (b)
4 (c) 2 (d) 1
(c) 1 (d) 0 Q.92 Area between x-axis and the curve
1 3 (xi) y = 4x  x2 is:
-2 f  x dx = 5, 1 f  x  dx = 3
12303395
Q.85 If 32
3 (a) 32 (b)
(x) then  f  x  dx = (Board 2012) 12303388
3
-2 64
(a) 8 (b) 5 (c) (d) 16
3
(c) 3 (d) 5–3 Q.93 The order of a differential equation
Q.86 The area of the region, above the
d2y
x-axis and under the curve y = f(x) y + 4x = 0 is: 12303396
from a to b is given by ____ . dx 2
12303389 (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) (b)  (c) 2 (d) 4
(c) (d) None of these Q.94 The general solution of differential
Q.87 If the graph of f is entirely above the equation of order n contains n
x-axis, then the definite integral is arbitrary constants, which can be
_________. 12303390
determined by ____ initial value
(a) positive conditions. 12303397

(b) positive or negative (a) 0 (b) 1

(c) negative (c) 2 (d) n
(d) positive and negative Q.95 The order of a differential equation
x +  2x = 0 is : 12303398
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
 18

Q.96 Solution of y.dx + x.dy = 0 is equal (c) n2 (d) n 2

to: (Board 2014) 12303399 

(a) x.y = Constant Q.100  sin x dx is equal to:


(Board 2016)
x
(b)  Constant (a) 4 (b) 0 12303403
y
(c) 8 (d) 16
(c) x  y  constant Q.101 The solution of differential equation
(d) x  y  constant dy
Q.97 Solution of differential equation,  sec 2 x , is : (Board 2016) 12303404
dy
dx
 y is: (Board 2015) 12303400 (a) y = cos x + c (b) y = sec x + c
dx
(c) y = cos2 x + c (d) y = tan x + c
(a) cex (b) ce–x
x Q.102 Anti derivative of cot x is equal to:
(c) e (d) e–x
(Board 2014,16) 12303405
Q.98 Solution of differential equation,
dy
(a) n cos x  c (b) n sin x  c
(xii) siny cosec x  1 is: 12303401 (c)  n cos x  c (d) n sin x  c
dx
dy  y
(a) cos x + cos y = c (b) Q.103 Solution of  is
cos y = cos x + c dx x
(c) sin x  sin y = c (Board 18) 12303406

(d) none x y
(a) c (b) c

y x
4 (c) x  y  c (d) xy  c
 1  tan x dx :
Q.99 sec 2 x (Board 2016) 12303402
0

(a) 1 (b) 2
 Short Answer Questions
(xiii)
Q.1 Use differentials to approximate the Q.24 Evaluate: (2x + 3) dx 12303430
value of . 12303407 Q.25 Evaluate:  dx (x  0)
Q.2 Find y and dy of the function 12303431

defined as f(x) = x, when x = 2 and Q.26 Evaluate:  dx (x > 0)

dx = 0.01 (Board 2005) 12303408 12303432

Q.3 The side of a cube is measured to 20 Q.27 Evaluate: dx (x > 0)

12303433
cm with a maximum error of 0.12 cm in its Q.28 Evaluate: dy (y > 0)
measurement. Find the maximum error in (Board 2010) 12303434
the calculated volume of the cube. 12303409 Q.29 Evaluate: d ( > 0)
Q.4 Find y and dy : y = when x changes 3
12303435

from 4 to 4.41. (Board 2005,18) 12303410 Q.30 Evaluate:  (a  2x) dx

2
12303436
Q.5 Find y and dy in y = x2 1 when x Q.31 Evaluate 12303437
changes from 3 to 3.02. (Board 2011) 12303411 Q.32 Evaluate ;(at + b > 0)
Q.6 Find the approximate increase in the
12303438
volume of a cube if the length of its each
edge changes from 5 to 5.02. 12303412 Q.33 Evaluate 12303439
Q.7 Find the approximate increase in the Q.34 Evaluate:  tanx dx 12303440
area of a circular disc if its diameter is (xiv) (Board 2008, 09, 11, 16)
increased from 44 cm to 44.4. (Board 2005) Q.35 Evaluate: dx 12303441
12303413
Q.8 Use differentials to approximate the (xv) (1 + cos 2x  0)
value of sin 61 12303414 Q.36 Evaluate  x dx 12303442
Sol: sin 61 = sin (60 + 1) Q.37 Evaluate
Let y = sin x, where x = 60 and 12303443
Q.9 Use differentials to approximate the
3x  2x  1
2
value of 15 . 12303415
Q.10 Use differentials to approximate the
Q.38 Evaluate  x4  x2 1
dx 12303444

value of 12303416   x   1 
  2 +  2 +  2.05 Q.39  cos  x -  x  - 1  dx 12303445
2   x 
Q.11 Use differentials to approximate the
values of 12303417 Q.40 Evaluate  X 12303446
Q.12 Use differentials to approximate the Q.41 Evaluate 12303447
value of cos 29 12303418
Q.42 Evaluate ;(a > 0 , a  1)
Q.13 What do you mean by integration? 12303448


12303419
Q.14 Define indefinite integral. 12303420 Q.43 Evaluate: dx 12303449
Q.15 Why we add the constant of
Q.44 Evaluate: dx 12303450
integration in indefinite integrals? x
e
12303421 Q.45 Evaluate  x dx 12303451
Q.16 Find . 12303422 e 3
1
Q.17 Find 12303423 e mtan x
Q.18 Evaluate 12303424 Q.46 Evaluate:  1  x 2 dx 12303452
Q.19 Evaluate 12303425 1
Q.20 Evaluate 12303426 Q.47 Evaluate:    n x  x
x dx 12303453
Q.21 Evaluate: (3x  2x + 1) dx 12303427 ax + b
Q.22 Evaluate: dx (x  0)
12303428

Q.48 Evaluate: ax + 2bx + c dx 12303454
2

Q.23 Evaluate: x dx (x > 0)

(Board 2016) 12303429
 20

1 x2
Q.49 Evaluate  xn x dx 12303455
Q.79 Evaluate  x 3
dx 12303485

sin  Q.80 Evaluate:  tan4 x dx 12303486

Q.50 Evaluate  1  cos
 2 d12303456
Q.81 Evaluate:  sec x dx 12303487
cos x
Q.51 Evaluate  dx Q.82 Evaluate:  tan3 x sec x dx 12303488
sin x n sin x
12303457

Q.52 Evaluate 2
Q.53 Evaluate , x > 0
12303458
Q.83 Evaluate  sin x  cos x dx 12303489

12303459 dx
Q.54 Find . 12303460 Q.84 Evaluate 1 3 12303490
sin x + cos x
Q.55 Find . 12303461 2 2
Q.56 Find . 12303462 Q.85 Evaluate  sin x dx 12303491
Q.57 Evaluate 12303463
Q.58 Find . Q.86 Evaluate:  dx12303492
12303464 Q.87 Evaluate  dx 12303493
Q.59 Find , (a  0)
1
12303465 Q.88 Evaluate  1  x  Tan 2 1
x dx 12303494
Q.60 Evaluate 12303466
Q.61 Find . Q.89 Evaluate  x5 ln x dx 12303495
12303467
Q.62 Find , (a  0) Q.90 Show that
= e f(x) + c 12303496
12303468
Q.63 Evaluate 12303469
Q.91 Find (Board 2011) 12303497
Q.64 Find . 12303470
Q.65 Evaluate (Board 2016) Q.92 Evaluate 12303498
(xvi) 12303471 Q.93 Evaluate:  x sinx dx(Board 2012) 12303499
Q.66 Evaluate 12303472 Q.94 Evaluate:   n x dx 12303500
Q.67 Find , (a  0)12303473
Q.68 Find , (a  0) 12303474 Q.95 Evaluate:  x.  n x dx 12303501
3
Q.69 Evaluate ; (x > 0)12303475 Q.96 Evaluate:  x n x dx 12303502
Q.70 Evaluate:  sin (a+b) x dx 12303476 Q.97 Evaluate: sin–1 x dx 12303503

Q.71 Evaluate:  1  cos 2x dx 12303477 Q.98 Evaluate:  n (tan x) . secx dx

(xvii) (1  cos 2 x > 0) 12303504

Q.72 Evaluate:  sinx dx (Board 2011) 12303478 Q.99 Evaluate:  x e dx 2 ax

12303505

1 x 1 
Q.73 Evaluate:  dx Q.100 Evaluate:  e   ln x  dx
1  cos x x 
12303479 12303506

Q.74 Evaluate:  cos 3x sin 2x dx Q.101 Evaluate:  ex (cos x + sin x) dx

(Board 2012) 12303480 (xviii) 12303507
Q.75 Evaluate: sin x cos xdx 12303481  1 
Evaluate:    
ax -1
Q.76 Evaluate dx 12303482 Q.102 e a sec x +
x x 2
-1 
dx  
Q.77 Evaluate  3 dx
 
12303483
1 x2 2 12303508

 e -sin x + 2 cos xdx

2x
Q.78 Evaluate cos x dx 12303484 Q.103 Evaluate:
(Board 2016) 12303509
Q.104 Evaluate:  tan–1 x dx (Board 2011, 16)
Q.136 Evaluate: 12303542
(xix) 12303510
Q.137 Evaluate: 12303543
Q.105 Evaluate:  x tan x dx 12303511
-1
Q.138 Evaluate: 12303544
Evaluate:  xe dx
x
Q.106 12303512 Q.139 Evaluate: 12303545
Q.107 Evaluate ; (x > a) Q.140 Evaluate: 12303546
(Board 2008) 12303513 Q.141 Evaluate: 12303547
2x Q.142 Evaluate: 12303548
Q.108 Evaluate  x 2  a 2 dx 12303514 Q.143 Evaluate: 12303549
Q.109 Why we omit the constant of Q.144 Find the area bounded by the
integration in definite integrals. 12303515 curve y=4  x and the x-axis. (Board 2012)
Q.110 Find . 12303516 12303550
Q.111 In , what is range, lower limit and Q.145 Find the area between the x-axis
upper limit of integration. 12303517 and the curve y = 4  x in the first
Q.112 Evaluate 12303518
quadrant from x = 0 to x = 3. 12303551
Q.113 Evaluate Q.146 Find the area between the x-axis
12303519
Q.114 Evaluate 12303520 and the curve y = x+ 1 from x = 1 to
Q.115 Evaluate(Board 2012) 12303521 x = 2. (Board 2008) 12303552
Q.116 Evaluate (Board 2012) Q.147 Find the area above the x-axis and
(xx) 12303522 under the curve y = 5  x from x = 1 to
Q.117 If = 5 and = 4, then evaluate the x = 2. (Board 2009, 16) 12303553

definite integral 12303523 Q.148 Find the area below the curve
Q.118 Write down any two properties of y = 3 and above the x-axis between
definite integral. (Board 2010) 12303524 x = 1 and x = 4. 12303554

Q.119 Evaluate 12303525 Q.149 Find the area bounded by cos

Q.120 Evaluate 12303526 function from x =  to x = . 12303555
Q.121 Evaluate 12303527
Q.150 Find the area above the x-axis
(xxi) bounded by the curve y2 = 3  x from
Q.122 If = 5 and = 4 , then evaluate the x = –1 to x = 2. 12303556
Q.151 Find the area between the x-axis
definite integral  12303528
Q.123 Evaluate: 12303529 and the curve y = 4x  x 12303557

Q.124 Evaluate: 12303530 Q.152 Find the area between the x - axis
Q.125 Evaluate: 12303531 and the curve g(x) = cos x from x = – 
Q.126 Evaluate: 12303532 to  (Board 2011) 12303558

Q.127 Evaluate: 12303533

Q.128 Evaluate: 12303534
Q.129 Evaluate: 12303535
3 2 Q.153 Find the area between the x-axis
 1 and the curve y = sin 2x from x = 0 to x =
Q.130 Evaluate:   x -  dx 12303536
2
x 12303559
Q.131 Evaluate: Q.154 Solve the differential equation
12303537 x (2y + 1)  1 = 0 12303560
Q.155 Solve = (Board 2016,18)
12303561
Q.132 Evaluate: 12303538
dy
Q.133 Evaluate: 12303539 Q.156 Solve the equation  2x
Q.134 Evaluate: dx
12303540 (Board 2018) 12303562
Q.157 Solve (sin y + y cos y) dy
Q.135 Evaluate: 12303541 (xxii) = [x (2 ln x
 22

+ 1)] dx Q.168 Solve the following differential

12303563 equation: y dx + x dy = 0 (Board 2016) 12303574
Q.158 State fundamental theorem of Q.169 Solve the following differential
calculus. (Board 2010) 12303564 equation: = 12303575
Q.159 Solve the differential equation Q.170 Solve the following differential
(x  1) dx + y dy = 0 12303565 equation: = , (y > 0) 12303576
Q.160 Solve 2e tan y dx+(1e) secy dy=0; Q.171 Solve the following differential
12303566 equation: sin y cosec x =1 12303577
Q.161 Solve = x + x  3 , if y = 0 when x Q.172 Solve the following differential
= 2. 12303567 equation: x dy + y (x  1) dx = 0 12303578
Q.162 What are initial value conditions? Q.173 Solve the following differential
(xxiii) 12303568 equation:  = 12303579
Q.163 Solve the differential equation Q.174 Solve the following differential
 2y = 0 , x 0 , y > 0(Board 2008) 12303569 equation: 2 x y = x  1 (Board 2012)
Q.164 The slope of the tangent at any (xxiv) 12303580
point of the curve is given by = 2x  2 , Q.175 Solve the following differential
find the equation of the curve if y = 0 when equation: + = x 12303581
x = 1. 12303570 Q.176 Solve the following differential
Q.165 A particle is moving in a straight equation: sec xtan ydx+ sec y
line and its velocity is given by tan xdy = 0 12303582

v = t  7t + 10, find s (distance) in terms of Q.177 Solve the following differential

t if s = 0 when t = 0 12303571 equation: 1 + cos x tan y = 0 12303583
Q.166 Check that the equation written Q.178 Solve the following differential
against the differential equation is its equation: sec x + tan y = 0 12303584
solution. x = 1 + y, y = cx 1 12303572 Q.179 Solve the following differential
Q.167 Solve the following differential equation: =
equation: =  y 12303573
(Board 2011, 12) 12303585

Introduction to Analytic Geometry

The Distance Formula: point dividing the line segment AB in the
Let A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  be two points ratio k1 : k2 are
in the plane. Let ‘d’ be the distance  k1 x2  k2 x1 k1 y2  k2 y1 
between A and B. Then,  ,  12304003
 k1  k2 k1  k2 
 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
Distance = d = 12304001
External Ratio: (Board 2010) 12304004

Example 1:
Show that the points A(1, 2), B(7, 5) and
Example:
C(2, 6) are the vertices of a right triangle. Find the coordinates of the point that
(Board 2010) 12304002
divides the join of A(6, 3) and B(5,2) in
the ratio 2:3 (i) internally (ii) and
externally. (Board 2009, 10) 12304005
Theorem:
Let A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  be the two Theorem: (Board 2010,18)12304006
points in a plane. The coordinates of the
The centroid of a ∆ABC is a point that
divides each median in the ratio 2:1 and Q.4 Show that; (Board 2009)
that medians of a triangle are concurrent. 
(i) The points A  0, 2  , B 3, 1 and 
Theorem: (Board 2010, 11) C  0, 2  are vertices of a right triangle.
Prove that bisectors of angles of a triangle 12304026
are concurrent. 12304007
(ii) The points A  3,1 , B  2, 3  and
Or
C  2, 2  are vertices of an isosceles triangle.
What are the coordinates of the in
centre of a triangle whose vertices are 12304027
A(x1 , y 1 ), B(x 2 , y 2 )& C(x 3 , y 3 ) (iii) The points A  5, 2  , B  -2, 3  ,
C  3, 4  and D  4, 5  are the vertices of
EXERCISE 4.1 a parallelogram. Is that parallelogram a
Q.1 Describe the location in the plane of square? 12304028
the point P  x , y  for which
(i) x > 0 12304008 Q.5 The midpoints of the sides of a triangle
(ii) x > 0 and y > 0 12304009 are 1, 1 ,  4, 3  and  1,1 . Find the
(iii) x = 0 12304010 coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.
(iv) y = 0 12304011 (Board 2008) 12304029
(v) x < 0 and y  0 12304012
(vi) x = y 12304013 Q.6 Find h such that the vertices
(vii) x  y 12304014  
A 3, -1 , B  0, 2  and C  h, 2  are
(viii) x  3 12304015 vertices of a right triangle with right angle
(ix) x > 2 and y = 2 12304016
at the vertex A. 12304030

(x) x and y have opposite signs. 12304017
Q.2 Find in each of the following:
12304018
(i) The distance between the two given points
(ii) Midpoint of the line segment joining two
points. (Board 2007, 10)
Q.7 Find h such that  1, h  ,  3, 2  and
 7, 3  are collinear (Board 2008, 12,17) 12304031
Q.8 The points A  5, 2  and B  5, 4 
are ends of diameter of a circle. Find
centre and radius of the circle. (Board 2009)
12304032

(a) A  3,1 ; B  2, 4  12304019

Q.9 Find h such that the vertices
A  h,1 , B  2, 7  and C  6, 7  are the
(b) A  8, 3  ; B  2, 1 (Board 2017) 12304020
vertices of a right triangle with right angle
at vertex A.

(c) A   5,  1  ; B 3 5, 5 
12304033
(Board 2008)
3 Q.10 A quadrilateral has the points

12304021 A  9, 3  , B  7, 7  , C  3, 7  and D  5, 5 
Q.3 Which of the following points are at a as its vertices. Find the midpoints of the
distance of 15 units from the origin? sides. Show that the figure formed by
(a)  176, 7  12304022 joining the midpoints consecutively is a
parallelogram. 12304034
(b) 10, 10  12304023 Q.11 Find h such that the quadrilateral
(c) 1,15  12304024 with its vertices A  3, 0  , B 1, 2  , C  5, 0 
and D 1, h  is parallelogram. Is it a
(d)  15 , 15  (Board 2011) 12304025
square? 12304035
 2 2
 24

Q.12 If two vertices of an equilateral coordinates of P referred to the original

triangle are A  3, 0  and B  3, 0  , find the axes. 12304049

third vertex. How many of these triangles

are possible? 12304036
Rotation of Axes: 12304050

2 2
(i) AB = AC 12304037

(ii) AB 2 = BC 2 12304038

Q.13 Find the point trisecting the join of EXERCISE 4.2

A  1, 4  and B  6, 2  . 12304039
(i) C divides AB in the ratio 1:2. 12304040
(ii) D divides AB is the ration 2:1. 12304041
Q.14 Find the point three fifth of the way
Q.1 The two points P and O are given in
xy-coordinate system. Find the
XY-coordinates of P referred to the
translated axes OX and OY. (Board 2010, 11)
(i) P  3, 2  : O  1, 3  12304051

along the line segment from (ii) P  2, 6  : O   3, 2  12304052

A  5, 8  to B  5, 3  . (Board 2008,17)
(iii) P  -6, - 8  : O(-4, - 6) 12304053
12304042

(iv) P  3 , 5  ; O   1 , 7  12304054
Q.15 Find the point P on the join of 2 2  2 2
A 1, 4  and B  5, 6  that is twice as far Q.2 The xy-coordinate axes are translated
from A as B is from A and lies (Board 2009) through the point O whose coordinates
(i) on the same side of A as B does. 12304043 are given in xy-coordinate system. The
(ii) On the opposite side of A as B does. coordinates of P are given in the
12304044 XY-coordinate system. Find the
Q.16 Find the point which is equidistant coordinates of P in xy-coordinate system.
from the points A  5, 3  , B  2, 2  and (i) P  8,10  ; O   3, 4  12304055

C  4, 2  . What is the radius of the circum- (ii) P  5, 3  ; O   2, 6  (Board 2011) 12304056
circle of ∆ABC? 12304045
3 7 1 1
2 2 (iii) P  ,  ; O   ,  12304057
(i) IB = IC  4 6  4 6 
(ii) IB 2 = IA 2 (iv) P  4, 3  ; O   2, 3  12304058

Q.17 The points A  4, 2  , B  2, 4  and

Q.3 The xy-coordinate axes are rotated
C  5, 5  are the vertices of triangle. Find
about the origin through the indicated
in-centre of the triangle. 12304046 angle. The new axes are OX and OY. Find
Q.18 Find the points that divide the line the XY-coordinates of the point P with the
segment joining A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  given xy-coordinates. (Board 2012)
in four equal parts. 12304047 (i) Given P  5, 3  ,   45 12304059

(ii) Given P  3, 7  ;  30 12304060

Translation of Axes: (Board 2010) 12304048
(iii) Given P 11, 15 ;   60 12304061
Example: 1
The xy coordinate axes are translated (iv) Given P 15,10  ;   arctan
3
through the point O' (4, 6). The
12304062
coordinates of the Point P are (2, –3)
referred to the new axes. Find the
Q.4 The xy-coordinate axes are rotated
about the origin through the indicated
angle and the new axes are OX and OY. Equation of a line  passing through two
Find the xy-coordinates of P with the given points Q  x1 , y1  and R  x2 , y2  is
XY-coordinates.
y  y1 x  x1
(i) Given P  5, 3  ;   30 12304063 = 12304072
y2  y1 x2  x1
 
(ii) Given P 7 2, 5 2 ;   45 12304064 4. Equation of a line in intercepts form:
(also known as two intercepts form).
Inclination of a Line: Equation of a line ‘  ’ having x-intercept is
x y
(Board 2008,18) 12304065 ‘a’ and y-intercept is ‘b’ is  = 1.
a b
Slope or Gradient of a Line: 12304066 12304073
Slope of a line is m where m = tan α Example 1:
(i) If α = 0, m = tan 0 = 0 Write down an equation of the line which
(ii) If α = 90, m = tan 90 = = undefined. cuts the x-axis at (2, 0) and y-axis at (0,4).
(Board 2009) 12304074
Example1:
Show that the points A(3, 6), B(3,2) and 5. Symmetric form of equation of a
C(6,0) are collinear. (Board 2006) 12304067 straight line. 12304075

Q.1 Equation of a line in slope-intercept

form is y = mx + c 6. Equation of a line in normal form:
where, m = slope and c = y-intercept. Equation of a line ‘  ’ when p is the length
(Board 2011) 12304068 of perpendicular from origin to ‘  ’ and ‘α’
is the inclination of perpendicular is
2. Equation of a line in point slope form: x cos   y sin  = p. (Board 2011) 12304076
Equation of a non-vertical line with slope
m and passes through a point Q  x1 , y1  is A Linear Equation in two variables
represents a straight line:
y  y1  m  x  x1  . 12304069
Theorem: 12304077

Example 1: (Board 2010) Transformation of the General Linear

Find an equation of the straight line if Equation ax + by + c = 0 to Standard
(a) its slope is 2 and y-intercept is 5 forms: 12304078
12304070
(b) it is perpendicular to a line with slope Proof of Normal Form:
4 ax  by c
6 and its y-intercept is . 12304071  12304079
3
 a 2  b2  a 2  b2
3. equation of a line in two points form:
Example 1:
y

Transform the equation
5 x  12 y  39  0 into (Board 2008)
P ( x, y )
(i) Slope intercept form 12304080
Q ( x1 , y 1 ) (ii) Two-intercept form 12304081
(iii) Normal form 12304082
R ( x2 , y2 )
(iv) Point-slope form 12304083
x x
O (v) Two-point form 12304084

y (vi) Symmetric form. 12304085

 26

3x + 7 y + 15 = 0

POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO Article: Find the area of a triangular region

LINES 12304086 with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) & (x3, y3)
12304097
CONDITION OF CONCURRENCY OF
THREE STRAIGHT LINES 12304087 Example 1:
Find the area of the region bounded by the
The Equation of Lines through the point of triangle with vertices (a, b + c), (a, b  c)
intersection of two Lines: 12304088
and (a, c). (Board 2008) 12304097

Example 2:
Example 1: By considering the area of the region
Find the family of lines through the point bounded by the triangle with vertices
of intersection of the lines. (Board 2008) A(1, 4), B(2, 3) and C(3, 10).
3 x  4 y  10  0  (i ) Check whether the three points are
12304089
x  2 y  10  0  (ii ) collinear or not. (Board 2008) 12304098
Find the member of the family, which is
(a) parallel to a line with slope
-2 EXERCISE 4.3
3 Q.1 Find the slope and inclination of the
12304090 line joining the points. Sketch each line in
the plane.
(b) perpendicular to the line (i)  2, 4  ;  5,11  (Board 2005, 09) 12304099
 : 3 x  4 y  1  0. 12304091
(ii)  3, 2  and  2, 7  12304100

Theorem: (Board 2008,18) (iii)  4, 6  ;  4, 8  12304101

The distance d from the point P  x1 , y1  to Q.2 In the triangle

the line  : ax  by  c = 0 is given by A  8, 6  , B  4, 2  , C  2, 6  find slope of
ax1  by1  c (i) each side of the triangle. (Board 2009)12304102
d = 12304092
a b
2 2 (ii) Each median of the triangle. 12304103
Sol:
CONDITION OF PARALLELISM AND (iii) Each altitude of the triangle. 12304104
PERPENDICULARITY OF TWO LINES Q.3 By means of slopes, show that the
12304093
following points lie on the same line.
(Board 2017)
POSITION OF A POINT WITH (a) A(-1, - 3);B(1, 5);C(2, 9) (Board 2005) 12304105
RESPECT TO A LINE (b)  4, 5  ;  7, 5 ; 10,15  12304106
12304094
Example 1: (c)  4, 6  ;  3, 8 ; 10,10  12304107

Check whether the point (2, 4) lies above (d)  a , 2b  ;  c , a + b ;  2c  a , 2a  12304108

or below the line (Board 2008, 09) 12304095
Q.4 Find k so that the line joining
4x + 5 y  3 = 0
A  7, 3  ; B  k , 6  and the line joining
Example 2: C  4, 5  ; D  6, 4  are: (Board 2008, 09)
Check whether the origin and the point (i) parallel 12304109
P(5, 8) lies on the same side or the (ii) perpendicular
opposite sides of the line: 12304096
Q.5 Using slopes, show that the triangle
with its vertices A  6,1 , B  2, 7  and
C  6, 7  is a right triangle.
(Board 2009) 12304110
Q.6 The three points A  7, 1 , B  2, 2 
and C 1, 4  are consecutive vertices of a
parallelogram. Find the fourth vertex.
(Board 2008) 12304111
Q.7 The points A  1, 2  , B  3, 1 and
C  6, 3  are consecutive vertices of a
rhom-bus. Find the fourth vertex and
show that the diagonals of the rhombus
are perpendicular to each other. 12304112
Q.8 Two pairs of points are given. Find
whether the two lines determined by these
points are: (i) parallel (ii) perpendicular
(iii) none (Board 2006)
(a) 1, 2  ,  2, 4  and 4,1  ,  8, 2  12304113
(b)  3, 4  ,  6, 2  and 4, 5  ,  2, 7  12304114
Q.9 Find an equation of
(a) the horizontal line through  7, 9 
(Board 2007, 10) 12304115
(b) the vertical line through  5, 3 
(Board 2011, 12,17) 12304116
(c) the line bisecting the first and third
quadrants 12304117
(d) the line bisecting the second and fourth
quadrants. (Board 2010,18) 12304118
Q.10 Find an equation of the line through
A  6, 5  having slope 7 12304119
(b) through  8, 3  having slope O 12304120
(c) through  8, 5  having slope undefined
 8,5 =  x1 , y1  12304121
(d) through  5, 3  and  9, 1
(Board 2009) 12304122
(e) y-intercept: –7 and slope: –5 12304123
(f) x-intercept: –3 and y-intercept:4 12304124
(g) x-intercept: –9 and slope: –4
(Board 2008, 11,18) 12304125
Q.11 Find an equation of the
perpendicular bisector of the segment
joining points A  3, 5  and B  9, 8  . 12304126
Q.12 Find equations of the sides, altitudes
and medians of the triangle whose vertices
are A  3, 2  , B  5, 4  and C  3, 8  .
(i) Equations of sides; (Board 2011) 12304127
(ii) Equations of Altitudes; 12304128
(iii) Equations of Medians.
12304129
Q.13 Find an equation of the line through
 4, 6  and perpendicular to a line
3
having slope . (Board 2006)
2
12304130
Q.14 Find an equation of the line through
11, 5  and parallel to a line with
slope –24. 12304131
Q.15 The points A  1, 2  , B  6, 3  and C  2, 4 
are vertices of a triangle. Show that the
line joining the midpoint D of AB and the
midpoint E of AC is parallel to BC and
1
DE = BC. (Board 2008, 11,18) 12304132
2
Q.16 A milkman can sell 560 liters of milk
at Rs.12.50 per liter and 700 liters of milk
at Rs.12.00 per liter. Assuming the graph
of the sale price and the milk sold to be a
straight line, find the number of liters of
milk that the milkman can sell at Rs.12.25
per liter. 12304133
Q.17 The population of Pakistan to the
nearest million was 60 million in 1961 and
95 million in 1981. Using t as the number
of years after 1961, find an equation of the
line that gives the population in terms of t.
Use this equation to find the population in
(a) 1947 (b) 1997.
Q.18 A house was purchased for Rs.1
12304134
million in 1980. It is worth Rs.4 million
1996. Assuming that the value increased
by the same amount each year, find an
equation that gives the value of the house
after t years of the date of purchase. What
was its value in 1990? 12304135
Q.19 Plot the Celsius (C) and Fahrenheit
(F) temperature scales on the horizontal
axis and the vertical axis respectively. Draw
 28

the line joining the freezing point and the
boiling point of water. Find an equation
giving F temperature in terms of C. 12304136
Q.20 The average entry test score of
engineering candidates was 592 in the year
1998 while the score was 564 in 2002.
Assuming that the relationship between
time and score is linear, find the average
score for 2006. 12304137
Q.21 Convert each of the following
equation into (Board 2009)
(i) Slope intercept form (Board 2018)
(ii) Two intercept form
Q.25 Find the equation of line through
 5, 8  and perpendicular to join of
A  15, 8  and B 10, 7  . (Board 2011)
12304150
Q.26 Find the equations of two parallel
lines perpendicular to 2x – y + 3 = 0 such
that the product of the x and y intercepts
of each is 3. (Board 2012) 12304151
Q.27 One vertex of a parallelogram is
(1, 4). The diagonals intersect at (2, 1) and
1
the sides have slopes 1 and  . Find the
7
other three vertices. 12304152

(iii) Normal form Q.28 Find whether the given points lie
(a) 2 x  4 y  11 = 0 12304138
above or below the given line.
Sol:
(b) 4 x  7 y  2 = 0 12304139
(a) (5, 8) ; 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 12304153
(c) 15 y  8 x  3 = 0 12304140
(b) (–7, 6) ; 4x + 3y – 9 = 0 12304154
Q.29 Check whether the given points
Q.22 In each of the following check are on the same or opposite sides of the
whether the two lines are; given line.
(i) Parallel (a) (0, 0) and (–4, 7) ; 6x – 7y + 70 = 0
(ii) Perpendicular (Board 2017) 12304155
(iii) Neither parallel nor perpendicular (b) (2, 3) and (–2, 3); 3x – 5y + 8 = 0 12304156
(a) 2 x  y  3 = 0, 4 x  2 y  5 = 0 12304141 Q.30 Find the distance from the point
(b) 3y = 2x + 5, 3x + 2y – 8 = 0 12304142 P(6, –1) to the line 6x – 4y + 9 = 0. 12304157
(c) 4y + 2x – 1 = 0, x – 2y – 7 = 0 12304143 Q.31 Find the area of the triangle region
(d) 4x – y + 2 = 0, 12x – 3y + 1 = 0 12304144 whose vertices are A(5, 3), B(–2, 2),
(e) 12x + 35y – 7 = 0, 105x – 36y + 11 = 0 C(4, 2). (Board 2008) 12304158
12304145
Q.32 The coordinates of these points are
A(2, 3), B(–1, 1) and C(4, –5). By computing
Q.23 Find the distance between the given
the area bounded by ABC. Check whether
parallel lines. Also find an equation of the
the points are collinear. 12304159
line parallel lying midway between them.
Theorem:
Sol:
(a) 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 , 3x – 4y + 7 = 0 Let 1 and 2 be two non-vertical lines
(Board 2010, 16) 12304146 such that they are not perpendicular to
each other. If m1 and m2 are the slopes of 1
(b) 12 x  5 y  6  0 (1) and 2 respectively, then the angle  from
12304147

12 x  5 y  13  0 (2) m  m1
1 to 2 is given by: tan  = 2
1  m1 m2 and
x  2y 5  0 (1) the angle  from 2 to 1 is given by
(C) 12304148
m1  m2
2x  4 y 1  0 (2)
tan  = . 12304160
1  m1 m2
Q.24 Find an equation of the line through
 4, 7  and parallel to line 2x – 7y + 4 = 0. Example 1: (Board 2010, 11, 12) 12304161

12304149
 7
Find the angle from the line with slope
3
5
to the line with slope .
2

Example 1: (Board 2009)

3 x  4 y  7  0

Express the system 2 x  5 y  8  0 
x  y  3  0 
in matrix form and check whether the
three lines are concurrent. 12304162

EXERCISE 4.4
Q.1 Find the point of intersection of the
lines.
(i) x – 2y + 1 = 0, 2x – y + 2 = 0
(Board 2009, 11) 12304163
(ii) 3x + y + 12 ; x + 2y – 1 = 0 12304164
(iii) x + 4y – 12 = 0 and x – 3y + 3 = 0
12304165

Q.2 Find an equation of the line through

(i) The point (2, –9) and the intersection of
the lines; 12304166
2x + 5y – 8 = 0 and 3x – 4y – 6 = 0

(ii) The intersection of the lines; (Board 2009)

x – y – 4 = 0 ; 7x + y + 20 = 0 12304167
(a) Parallel
(b) Perpendicular to the line 6x + y – 14 = 0

(iii) Through the intersection of the lines

x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and
making equal intercepts on axes. 12304168
 30

Q.3 Find the equation of the line through (c) 1: joining (1, –7) and (6, –4) 12304181
the intersection of 16x – 10y – 33 = 0;
12x + 14y + 29 = 0 and the intersection of 2: joining (–1, 2) and (–6, –1)
x – y+ 4 = 0 ; x – 7y + 2 = 0 12304169 (d) 1: joining (–9, –1) and (3, –5) 12304182
Q.4 Find the condition that the lines
y1 = m1x + c1 (Board 2011) 2: joining (2, 7) and (–6, –7)
y2 = m2x + c2 Q.11 Find the interior angles of the
y3 = m3x + c3 are concurrent. 12304170
triangle whose vertices are; (Board 2008, 09)
Q.5 Determine the value of p such that
the lines (Board 2009) (a) A(–2, 11), B(–6, –3) and C(4, –9) 12304183
2x – 3y – 1 = 0 (b) A(6, 1), B(2, 7), C(–6, –7) 12304184
3x – y – 5 = 0 (c) A(2, –5), B(–4, –3), C(–1, 5) 12304185
3x + py + 8 = 0 (d) A(2, 8), B(–5, 4), C(4, –9) 12304186
meet at a point. 12304171 Q.12 Find the interior angles of the
Q.6 Show that the lines 4x – 3y – 8 = 0, quadrilateral whose vertices are A(5, 2),
3x – 4y – 6 = 0 and x – y – 2 = 0 are B(–2, 3), C(–3, –4) and D(4, –5). 12304187
concurrent and the third line bisects the Q.13 Show that the points A(0, 0), B(2, 1),
angle formed by the first two lines. C(3, 3) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a
(Board 2011) 12304172 rhombus. Find its interior angles. 12304188
Q.7 The vertices of a triangle are A(–2, 3), Q.14 Find the area bounded by the
B(–4, 1) and C(3, 5). Find coordinates of triangle whose sides are; 12304189
the (i) Centroid (ii) Orthocentre 12304173 Q.15 The vertices of a triangle are A (–2, 3),
(iii) Circumcenter of the triangle. B(–4, 1) and C(3, 5). Find the circumcentre
Are these three points collinear? of the triangle. (Board 2010) 12304190
Q.16 Express the given system of
1. Centroid: 1230474 equations in matrix form. Find in each
case whether the lines are concurrent.
2. Orthocentre: 12304175 (a) x + 3y – 2 = 0 12304191
2x – y + 4 = 0
3. Circumcentre: (Board 2017) 12304176 x – 11y + 14 = 0
(b) 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 12304192
Q.8 Check whether the lines are x – 2y – 3 = 0
concurrent. If so, find the point where they 3x + y – 8 = 0
meet. (Board 2011) 12304177 (c) 3x – 4y – 2 = 0 12304193
x + 2y – 4 = 0
Q.9 Find the coordinates of vertices of 3x – 2y + 5 = 0
triangle formed by the lines x – 2y – 6 = 0, Q.17 Find a system of linear equations
3x – y + 3 = 0, 2x + y – 4 = 0. Also find corresponding to the given matrix form.
measure of angles of triangle. 12304178 Check whether the lines are concurrent.
Q.10 Find the angle measured from the 1 0 1  x  0
(a)  2    = 0
line 1 to the line 2 where; (Board 2010)  0 1   y  
12304194

 0 1 2   1  0 
(a) 1: joining (2, 7) and (7, 10) 12304179

2: joining (1, 1) and (–5, 3) 1 1 2   x  0

(b)  2 4 3  y  = 0  12304195
    
(b) 1: joining (3, –1) and (5, 7) 12304180  3 6 5  1  0 
2: joining (2, 4) and (-8, 2)
Theorem: 12304196
 Every homogeneous second-degree x2 + xy – 6y2 = 0  (1)
homogenous equation (Board 2009)
ax  2hxy  by = 0 → (1) EXERCISE 4.5
2 2

represents a pair of lines through the Find the lines represented by each of the
origin. The lines are following and also find measure of the
(i) real and distinct, if h2 > ab angle between them (1 – 6): (Board 2010)
(ii) real and coincident, if h2 = ab Q.1 10x2 – 23xy – 5y2 = 0 12304201
(iii) imaginary, if h2 < ab. Q.2 3x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0
(Board 2006, 07, 09) 12304202
Example: (Board 2007, 09, 11) Q.3 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2 = 0
Find an equation of each of the lines (Board 2009) 12304203
represented by 12304197 Q.4 2x2 + 3xy – 5y2 = 0
20x2 + 17xy – 24y2 = 0 (Board 2009, 10, 11) 12304204

To find the measure of angle between the Q.5 6x2 – 19xy + 15y2 = 0 (Board 2009) 12304205
lines represented by 12304198 Q.6 x2 + 2xy sec α + y2 = 0 12304206
ax  2hxy  by = 0 → (A)
2 2
Q.7 Find a joint equation of the line
through the origin and perpendicular to
Example 1: (Board 2008, 09,18) 12304199 the lines; x2 – 2xy tan α + y2 = 0 12304207
Find measure of the angle between the Q.8 Find a joint equation of the lines
lines represented by x2– xy – 6y2 = 0. through the origin and perpendicular to
the lines; ax2 + 2h xy + by2 = 0 12304208
Q.9 Find the area of the region bounded
by; 10x2 – xy – 21y2 = 0 and x + y + 1 = 0
Example 2: (Board 2010) 12304200 12304209

Find a joint equation of the straight lines

through the origin perpendicular to the
lines represented by
 32

Multiple Choice Questions

 Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.
Q.1 The distance between two points (c) 3 (d) 4
P(x, y) and P(x, y) on the Q.10 Distance of the point (-3, 7) from
co-ordinate plane is given by: x-axis is: 12304219
12304210 (a) 3 (b) –3
(a) + (c) 7 (d) 10
(b) Q.11 Distance of the point (-2, 3) from
(c) y-axis is: 12304220
(d) (a) –2 (b) 2
Q.2 The distance of any point P (x, y) (c) 3 (d) 1
from the origin O(0, 0) is given by: Q.12 x-coordinate of any point on Y-axis
(Board 2017)12304211
(a) x+ y (b) x– y is: 12304221

(c) (d) (a) 0 (b) x

Q.3 The distance between the points (c) 1 (d) y
(1, 2), (2, 1),(Board 2009,16) 12304212 Q.13 If (x, y) are the coordinate of a point
(a) 1 (b) 2 P, then the second component of the
ordered pair is called: 12304222
(c) 2 (d) 5 (a) abscissa (b) ordinate
Q.4 If the distance between points (a, 5) (c) coordinate (d) ordered pair
and (1,3) is 2a  1 , then a = Q.14 If (x, y) are the coordinates of a
(Board 2009) 12304213 point, then the first component of the
(a) 4 (b) 2 ordered pair is called: 12304223
(c) 2 (d) 1 (a) abscissa (b) ordinate
Q.5 The distance between the points (c) coordinate axes
(2a,1) and (2,a) is 5a 2 + 1 then a = (d) None of these
12304214 Q.15 y-coordinate of any point on X-axis
2 2 is: 12304224
(a) 5 (b) 5 (a) 0 (b) x
1 (c) 1 (d) y
(c) 2 (d) 5 Q.16 For any point (x, y) on x-axis:
Q.6 For any point (x, y) on y-axis: (Board 2014) 12304225
(Board 2014) 12304215 (a) y = 0 (b) y = – 1
(a) y = 0 (b) y = – 1 (c) y = 1 (d) y = 2
(c) y = 1 (d) x = 0 Q.17 The co-ordinates of a point dividing
Q.7 The vertical line yoy is called: 12304216 the line segment joining the points
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis P(x, y) and P(x, y) internally in the
(c) abscissa (d) ordinate ratio k: k has co-ordinates:
Q.8 The horrizontal line xox is called: (a) 12304226
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis 12304217 (b)
(c) abscissa (d) ordinate (c)
Q.9 The coordinate axes divide the plane (d)
into……. equal parts: 12304218
(a) 1 (b) 2
Q.18 The co-ordinates of the point which (b)
divides the join of P(x, y) and Q(x, (c)
y) externally in the ratio m : n are (d)
given by: 12304227
(a)
Q.19 If the directed distances AP and PB Q.28 If A(x, y), B(x, y) and C(x,y) are the
have the same signs, then their ratio vertices of a triangle ABC, then co-
is positive and P is said to divide AB: ordinates of its centroid are given by:
12304228 12304237
(a) internally (b) may be divide (a)
(c) externally (d) None of these (b)
Q.20 If the directed distances AP and PB (c)
have the opposite signs, i.e; p is (d)
beyond AB, then their ratio is Q.29 The centroid of a triangle is a point
negative and P is said to divide AB: that divides each median in the ratio:
12304229 (a) 2 : 1 (b) 2 : 3 12304238
(a) internally (b) may divide (c) 1 : 3 (d) 4 : 3
(c) externally (d) None of these Q.30 If A (x, y), B(x, y) and C(x,y) are
Q.21 The mid-point of the line segment the vertices of a triangle ABC, then co-
joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is: ordinates of incentre are given by:
(Board 2008) 12304230 12304239
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
(c) (c)
(d) (d)
Q.22 If (1,x) is the mid point of the line Q.31 X-co-ordinate of centroid of triangle
segment joining the points (1,2) & ABC with A(–2, 3); B(–4, 1) ; C(3,5)
(1,6) then x = 12304231 equals: (Board 2014) 12304240
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) – 1 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4 (c) 3 (d) – 3
Q.23 If (2,1) is the mid point of the line Q.32 y  ordinate of the centroid of
segment joining the points (2,x) & triangle with vertices A(–2,3),
(2,5) then x = 12304232 B (– 4,1), C(3,2) is: 12304241
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 7 (d) 7 (c) 2 (d) 0
Q.24 The point of intersection of the Q.33 The ratio in which the line segments
medians of a triangle is called: joining (2, 3) and (4, 1) is divided by
12304233 the line joining (1, 3) and (4, 3) is:
(a) centroid (b)ortho-centre 12304242
(c) circums-centre (d) in-centre (a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 1
Q.25 The point of intersection of the (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1
altitudes of a triangle is called: 12304234 Q.34 The ratio in which y-axis divides the
(a) centroid (b)ortho-centre line joining (2, –3) and (–5, 6) is:
(c) circums-centre (d) in-centre
(Board 2013) 12304243
Q.26 The point of intersection of the (a) 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 5
perpendicular bisectors of a triangle (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 5
is called: 12304235
Q.35 The ratio in which x-axis divides the
(a) centroid (b)ortho-centre
line segment joining the points
(c) circums-centre (d) in-centre
(1, 1) & (1,1) is: 12304244
Q.27 The point of intersection of internal
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:3
bisectors of the angles of a triangle is
(c) 1:5 (d) 1 : 2
called: 12304236
Q.36 In the translation of axes which
(a) centroid (b)ortho-centre
formula is true: 12304245
(c) circums-centre (d) in-centre
(a) x = X + h (b) X = x + h
(c) x + X = h (d) none
 34

Q.37 If in the case of translation of axes, Q.45 The slope of tangent line to y = f  x 
0 (3,2), (x,y) = (6,9) then (X, Y) =
at any point is: (Board 2015) 12304254
(a) (3,9) (b) (3,7) 12304246 y2  y1
(c) (9,11) (d) 3, 7  (a) f  (x) (b)
x2  x1
Q.38 If  is the angle of rotation of axes, (c) f (x) (d) none
which formula is true = 12304247 Q.46 If  is the inclination of a non-
(a) X = xcos + ysin vertical line l, then its slope or
Y = ycos  xsin gradient is: (Board 2005) 12304255
(b) X = x sin + ycos (a) sin  (b) cos 
Y = xsin  ycos (c) tan  (d) cot 
(c) X = xsin  ysin Q.47 If the inclination of a line lies
Y = xcos + ycos between ]90 , 180[ , then the slope
(d) none of line is: 12304256
Q.39 The symbol  is used for: 12304248 (a) positive (b) negative
(a) parallel lines (c) zero (d) undefined
(b) perpendicular lines Q.48 The angle   [0 , 180[ measured
(c) non-parallel lines counter clock wise from positive x-
(d) None of these axis to a non horizontal straight line l
Q.40 The symbol | | is used for: 12304249 is: 12304257
(a) parallel lines (a) slope of l
(b) perpendicular lines (b) inclination of l
(c) non-parallel lines (c) gradient of l
(d) None of these (d) None of these
Q.41 The symbol is used for: 12304250 Q.49 If the inclination of the line l lies
(a) parallel lines between ]0,90[, then the slope of l
(b) non-parallel lines is: 12304258
(c) perpendicular lines (a) positive (b) undefined
(d) coplanar lines (c) negative (d) None of these
Q.42 If a pair of opposite sides of a Q.50 If the line l is parallel to y-axis, then
quadrilateral are equal and parallel the slope of l is ------------. 12304259
then it is a: 12304251 (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) rectangle (c) 1 (d) undefined
(b) rhombus Q.51 Inclination of X-axis or of any line
(c) parallelogram parallel to X-axis is: 12304260
(d) None of these (a) zero (b) 
Q.43 A parallelogram is a rhombus if and (c) (d) undefined.
only if its diagonals are: 12304252 Q.52 The line l is horizontal if and only if
(a) parallel slope is equal to: 12304261
(b) perpendicular (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) equal (c) 2 (d) undefined
(d) None of these. Q.53 Inclination of Y-axis or of any line
Q.44 A quadrilateral having two parallels parallel to Y-axis is: 12304262
and two non-parallel sides is called: (a)  (b) zero
12304253
(c) (d) undefined.
(a) trapezium (b) rectangle Q.54 If a straight line is perpendicular to
(c) rhombus (d) None of these y-axis, then its slope is:(Board 2011)
(a) 1 (b) –1 12304263
(c) 0 (d) undefined
Q.55 If a straight line is perpendicular Q.63 The two lines l and l with
to x-axis, then its slope is: (Board 2016) respective slopes m and m are
(a) 0 (b) 1 12304264 perpendicular if and only if:
(c) 2 (d) undefined (Board 2006,17) 12304272
Q.56 The nature of the line whose equation is (a) m = m (b) mm =  1
A x + B y + C = 0 when A = 0, B and C (c) m  m (d) mm   1
 0 is: 12304265 Q.64 Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and
(a) line parallel to x-axis a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0 are parallel if:
(b) line parallel to y-axis
(Board 2005,17) 12304273
(c) line passing through the origin
a1 b1 a1 b
(d) both (a) and (b) (a) a  b (b)  1
Q.57 The nature of the line whose equation is 2 2 a2 b2
A x + B y + C = 0 when B = 0, A and C b1 b 2 a1 a 2
(c)  (d) 
 0 is: 12304266 c2 c2 c1 c 2
(a) line parallel to x-axis
Q.65 If the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and
(b) line parallel to y-axis
(c) line passing through the origin a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0 are perpendicular,
(d) both (a) and (b) then: 12304274
Q.58 The nature of the line whose equation is (a) a a – b b = 0
A x + B y + C = 0 when C = 0, A and B (b) a a + b b = 0
 0 is: 12304267 (c) a b  a2 b1 = 0
(a) line parallel to x-axis (d) a b + a2 b1 = 0
(b) line parallel to y-axis Q.66 Slope of line perpendicular to line
(c) line passing through the origin 2x– 3y + 1 = 0 is equal to: (Board 2014)
(d) both (a) and (b) 12304275
Q.59 The nature of the line whose equation is 3 3
(a)  (b) 
A x + B y + C = 0, when A  0, B  0, C 2 2
 0 is: 12304268 2 2
(a) line parallel to x-axis (c) (d) 
3 3
(b) line parallel to y-axis Q.67 Infinite number of lines can pass
(c) inclined through: 12304276
(d) both (a) and (b) (a) one point (b) two points
Q.60 The slope of line y = x + is equal (c) three points (d) four points.
to: 12304269
Q.68 The line x = a is on the right of
(a)  (b) y-axis, if: 12304277
(c)  (d) (a) a > 0 (b) a < 0
Q.61 The points A , B and C are collinear, (c) a = 0 (d) a  0
then slope of and slope of are: Q.69 y =  2 is a line: 12304278
12304270 (a) parallel to x-axis
(a) equal (b) opposite in sign (b) parallel to y-axis
(c) different (d) None of these (c) perpendicular to x-axis
Q.62 The two lines l and l with (d) None of these
respective slopes m and m are Q.70 If a = 0, then the line ax + by + c = 0
parallel if and only if: 12304271 is parallel to: (Board 2008)
(a) m  m (b) m m =  1 12304279
(c) m = m (d) m m   1 (a) y-axis (b) x-axis
(c) along y-axis (d) none of these
 36

Q.71 Equation of a line parallel to x-axis Q.80 y  y = (x  x) is the equation of

is: (Board 2007) straight line in: 12304289
12304280 (a) slope-intercept form
(a) x = 0 (b) x = y (b) two points form
(c) y = a (d) x = a (c) symmetric form
Q.72 The line y = c is above the x-axis, if: (d) two intercepts form
12304281 Q.81 General form of equation of line is:
(a) c > 0 (b) c < 0 (Board 2006) 12304290
(c) c  0 (d) c = 0 (a) ax  by + c = 0
Q.73 x = 4 is a line: 12304282 (b) ax + by  c = 0
(a) parallel to x-axis (c) ax + by + c = 0
(b) parallel to y-axis (d) ax  by  c = 0
(c)  to y-axis Q.82 The equation of a straight line
(d) None of these passing through the origin and
Q.74 x = c is a line: 12304283 parallel to the line 3x  2y + 1 = 0 is:
(a) perpendicular to x-axis (a) y = x (b) y = x 12304291
(b) parallel to x-axis (c) x = y (d) x = – y
(c) perpendicular to y-axis Q.83 The equation of a straight line which
(d) None of these parallel to the line 3x  2y + 5 = 0
Q.75 y  y = m (x  x) is the equation of and passes through (2, 1) is:
straight line in: 12304284 12304292
(a) slope-intercept form (a) 3x + 2y  8 = 0
(b) point-slope form (b) 3x  2y + 8 = 0
(c) normal form (c) 3x  2y  8 = 0
(d) intercepts form (d) 3x + 2y + 8 = 0
Q.76 y = mx + c is the equation of straight Q.84 If the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (x, y)
line in: 12304285
are collinear, then: 12304293
(a) slope-intercept form (a) + = 0 (b) + =1
(b) two points form x y
(c) point slope form (c) + = 1 (d)  1
a b
(d) intercepts form
Q.85 Intercepts form of equation of line is:
Q.77 y = 2x + 3 is the: 12304286
(Board 2005, 09) 12304294
(a) slope-intercept form
x y x y
(b) two points form (a)  0 (b)  0
(c) point slope form a b a b
(d) intercepts form x y x y
(c)  1 (d)  1
Q.78 The equation to the straight line a b a b
which passes through the point (2, 9) Q.86 The equation of a line which passes
and makes an angle of 45 with x the point (3, 4) and whose intercepts
axis is: 12304287 on the axes are equal in magnitude
(a) x + y + 7 = 0 (b) x  y + 7 = 0 but opposite in sign is: 12304295
(c) y  x + 7 = 0 (d) None of these (a) x + y  1 = 0 (b) x  y  1 = 0
Q.79 Slop intercept form of line equals: (c) y  x + 1 = 0 (d) x  y  1  0
(Board 2015) 12304288 Q.87 x = x + r cos  , y = y + r sin  is
(a) y – y1 = m(x–x1) called the equation of straight line in:
x y
(b) a  b  1 12304296
(a) point-slope form
(c) x cos + y sin  = p (b) two points form
(d) y = mx + c (c) normal form
 (d) sysmmetric form Q.97 Angle between the lines x+y+1 = 0 &
Q.88 The distance d from the point xy+4 = 0 is: 12304306
o o
P(x , y) to the line ax + by + c = 0 is (a) 30 (b) 45
given by: (Board 2018) 12304297 (c) 60
o
(d) 90
o

(a) d = Q.98 Point of intersection of lines

(b) d = x – 2y + 1 = 0 and 2x – y + 2 = 0
(c) d = equals: (Board 2015) 12304307
(d) d = (a) (1,0) (b) (0, 1)
Q.89 The perpendicular distance of the (c) (–1, 0) (d) (0, –1)
line 3x + 4y + 10 = 0 from the origin Q.99 Point of intersection of x+y = 5 &
is: (Board 2005,18) 12304298
xy = 3 is: (Board 2015) 12304308
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) (5,5) (b) (4,2)
(c) 2 (d) 3 (c) (4,1) (d) (1, 4)
Q.90 The distance of point P (6 , –1) from Q.100 If P(x , y) , Q(x , y) and
the line 6x – 4y + 9 =0 is:(Board 2015) R(x , y) are the vertices of the
12304299
triangle, then area of the triangle is:
49
(a) 49 (b) 12304309
52
(a) (b)
49 49
(c) (d) (c) (d) None of these
52 52
Q.101 If the points A, B and C are
Q.91 The point (5,8) lies the line 2x3y +6= 0 collinear, then area of the ABC will
12304300 be: 12304310
(a) above (b) below (a) 0 (b) 2
(c) on (d) none (c) 1 (d) – 1
Q.92 The point (2,5) lies the lie 3xy+1 = 0 Q.102 The area of the triangle with
12304301 vertices at the points (a, b + c), (b, c +
(a) above (b) below a), (c, a + b) is: 12304311
(c) on (d) none (a) 0 (b) a + b + c
Q.93 The line y = a is below the x-axis, if: (c) ab + bc + ca (d) 3
12304302 Q.103 The area of triangle with vertices
(a) a > 0 (b) a < 0 0(0,0), A(a,0) & B (0,b) is: 12304312
(c) a  0 (d) a = 0 ab
(a) ab (b)
Q.94 The lie y = a lies above xaxis if 2
(a) a < 0 (b) a > 0 12304303 ab
(c) a  0 (d) none (c) a+b (d)
2
Q.95 The angle between the lines Q.104 Three nonparallel lines l: ax + b
 2 - 3  y = x + 5  2 - 3  and y + c = 0, l: ax + by + c= 0 and l: ax
2 + 3  y = x - 7  2 + 3  is:(Board 2009) + by + c= 0 are concurrent if and only if:
12304313
(a) 90o (b) 60o 12304304
(a)  0
(c) 45o (d) 30o
(b) =0
Q.96 The angle between the lines
(c) = 1
x x
 y  1 and  y  1 is: (d) =0
3 3 Q.105 The lines lying on the same plane
(Board 2009) 12304305 are called : (Board 2005) 12304314
o o
(a) 30 (b) 45 (a) collinear lines
o o
(c) 60 (d) 90 (b) coplanar lines
(c) concurrent
 38

(d) parallel lines Q.114 The pair of lines of homogeneous

Q.106 If matrix of the coefficients of the second-degree equation ax+2hxy+by
lines ax+by+c=0, ax + by+c2 = 0 and = 0 are real and distinct, if:
ax + by + c= 0 is singular, then lines are: (Board 2007, 11) 12304323
12304315 (a) h < ab (b) h > ab
(a) collinear (b) coplanar (c) h = ab (d) None of these
(c) concurrent (d) None of these Q.115 If  is measure of the angle between
Q.107 ax + by + c = 0 has matrix form as: the pair of lines of homogeneous
(Board 2007) 12304316 second degree equation ax + 2hxy +
x  by = 0 then: (Board 2009,18) 12304324
(a) [a b]    c 
 y 2 h 2  ab
(a) cot  
(b) ax  by  c ab
(c) [ax  by]  [c] 2 h 2  ab
(d) [ax  by]  [c] (b) cot  
ab
Q.108 Let f  x, y  = 0 and f kx,ky  = k nf  x,y  , ab
(c) cot  
then is homogenous equation of 2 h 2  ab
degree: (Board 2015) 12304317
ab
(a) 1 (b) 2 (d) cot  
(c) 0 (d) n 2 h 2  ab
Q.109 Let f  x, y  = 0 and f(Kx, Ky) = K2 f Q.116 Joint equation of y + 2x = 0,
(x,y) then it is homogeneous equation y  3x = 0 is: (Board 2007) 12304325
of degree: 12304318 (a)  y  2x  y  3x   0 (b)
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) K (d) m  y  2x  y  3x   0
Q.110 The pair of lines of homogeneous (c)  y  2x  y  3x   0
second-degree equation ax+2hxy+by
= 0 are real and coincident, if: (d)  y  2x  y  3x   0
12304319 Q.117 Joint equation of x+y = 0, 2x5y = 0
(a) h < ab (b) h > ab is: 12304326
(c) h = ab (d) None of these (a) 3x  4y = 0
Q.111 Two lines of homogeneous second
degree equation ax+2hxy + by = 0 (b)(x+y) (2x5y) = 0
are parallel if: (Board 2017) x y
(c) =0
12304320 2x  5 y
(a) h = ab (b) h > ab (d) none
(c) h < ab (d) None of these
Q.118 ax  by  c  0, will represent
Q.112 A pair of lines of homogeneous
second degree equation ax + 2hxy + equation of straight line parallel to y-
by2 = 0 are orthogonal, if: (Board 2005, 11) axis if: (Board 2016) 12304327

12304321 (a) a = 0 (b) b = 0

(a) a  b = 0 (b) a + b = 0 (c) c = 0 (d) a = 0 , c = 0
(c) a + b > 0 (d) a  b < 0 Q.119 The centroid of the triangle whose
Q.113 The pair of lines of homogeneous vertices are
second-degree equation ax +2hxy + ( 3, - 5) , (- 7 , 4 ) and ( 10 , - 2 ) is :
by =0 are imaginary, if: 12304322
(a) h = ab (b) h > ab (a) ( 2,  2 ) (Board 2016) 12304328

(c) h < ab (d) None of these (b) ( 2, 2 )

 (c) ( 2,  1) (d) ( 0, 0 ) (c) 2 x  6 y  18  0 (d) x  3 y  9  0
Q.120 A linear equation in two variables Q.122 Two non parallel lines intersect
represents: (Board 2016) 12304329 each other at: (Board 2017) 12304331
(a) Circle (b) Ellipse (a) 1 point (b) 2 points
(c) Hyperbola (d) Straight line (c) 3 points (d) 4 points
Q.121 Equation of the line parallel to
x  3 y  9  0 is: (Board 2016) 12304330
(a) 3 x  y  9  0 (b) 3 x  9 y  7  0

Short Answer Questions

Q.1 What is analytic geometry? 12304332 right triangle with right angle at the vertex
Q.2 Define coordinate axes. 12304333 A. 12304345
Q.3 What is abscissa? 12304334 Q.15 Show that the points A(3,6),
Q.4 What is ordinate? 12304335 B(3, 2) and C(6,0) are collinear. 12304346
Q.5 What do you mean by the locus of a Q.16 Find h such that A  -1,h  , B  3, 2 
point? 12304336
Q.6 State distance formula. 12304337 and C  7, 3  are collinear. 12304347

Q.7 Show that the points A(1,2), Q.17 What are the conditions for the
B(7, 5) and C(2 , 6) are vertices of a right collinearity of three points. 12304348

triangle. (Board 2017) 12304338 Q.18 Find the coordinates of the point that
Q.8 The point C(5 , 3) is the centre of a divides the join of A(6 , 3) and B(5 ,
circle and P(7 , 2) lies on the circle. What 2) internally in the ratio 2 : 3. 12304349
is the radius of the circle? 12304339 Q.19 Find the points trisecting join of
Q.9 Find the distance between the two A(–1, 4) and B(6, 2). 12304350

given points and mid-point of the line Q.20 Find the point three-fifths of the way
segment joining the two points A, B(Board along the line segment from
2006) 12304340 A(– 5, 8) to B(5, 3). 12304351

Q.10 Show that the points A  0, 2  , B and

Q.21 Find the coordinates of the point that
divides the join of A(6 , 3) and
C  0, 2  are vertices of a right triangle.
B(5, 2) externally in the ratio 2 : 3. 12304352
12304341 Q.22 Define centroid of a triangle. 12304353
Q.11 Show that the points A  3,1 , Q.23 Define ortho-centre of a triangle.
B  -2, -3  and C  2, 2  are vertices of an
12304354
Q.24 Define circum-centre of a triangle.
isosceles triangle. (Board 2018) 12304355

12304342
Q.12 Find h such that the points
 
A 3, -1 , B  0, 2  and C h, -2  are vertices
of a right triangle with right angle at the
vertex A. 12304343
Q.13 The points A  -5, -2  and B(5, – 4) are
ends of a diameter of a circle. Find the
centre and radius of the circle.
(Board 2009) 12304344
Q.14 Find h such that the points A(h,1) ,
B(2, 7) and C (– 6, – 7) are vertices of a
Q.25 Define in-centre of a triangle. 12304356
Q.26 What are the coordinates of the
in-centre of a triangle whose vertices are
A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3). (Board 2009)
12304357
Q.27 What are the coordinates of centroid
of a triangle? 12304358
Q.28 Define translation of axes.
(Board 2009, 10) 12304359
Q.29 The xy-coordinate axes are
translated through the point O (4, 6). The
coordinates of the point P are
(2, 3) referred to new axes. Find the
 40

coordinates of P referred to the original
axes. 12304360
Q.30 The coordinates of a point P are
(6 , 9). The axes are translated through
the point O (3 , 2). Find the coordinates
of P referred to the new axes. 12304361
Q.31 The xy-coordinate axes are
translated through the point O(3, 4). The
coordinates of P(8, 10) are given in the
XY-coordinate system. Find the
coordinates of P in xycoordinate.
12304362
Q.32 The xy-coordinates axes are rotated
about the origin through the indicated
angle. The new axes are OX and OY. Find
the XY-coordinates of the point P with the
given xy-coordinates. 12304363
P(5, 3) ;  = 45 o
Q.33 The xy-coordinates axes are rotated
about the origin through the indicated
angle. The new axes are OX and OY. Find
the XY-coordinates of the point P with the
given xy-coordinates.
P(3,  7) ;  = 30 (Board 2011) 12304364
Q.34 What is inclination of a line? 12304365
Q.35 Find the slope and inclination of the
x-axis. 12304366
Q.36 Find the slope and inclination of the
Q.45 Find the slope of the line through the
points (3, 2) and (2, 7). (Board 2009)
12304376
Q.46 Find the slope and angle of
inclination of the line joining the points.
( – 2, 4), (5, 11) 12304377
Q.47 Find k so that the line joining
A(7, 3) ; B(k, – 6) and the line joining
C( – 4, 5); D ( – 6, 4) are parallel. 12304378
Q.48 Find k so that AB is perpendicular
to CD , where A(7, 3) B(k,6), C(–4,5),
D(–6,4) are given vertices. (Board 2008)
12304379
Q.49 Find k so that the line joining A(7, 3);
B(k, – 6) and the line joining C( – 4, 5) ;
D ( – 6, 4) are perpendicular. 12304380
Q.50 Using slope, show that the triangle
with vertices at A(6, 1), B(2, 7) and
C( – 6, – 7) is a right triangle. 12304381
Q.51 Show that the points A(3, 6),
B(3 , 2) and C(6 , 0) are collinear. 12304382
Q.52 Find whether two lines joining
A(1, 2), B(2, 4) and C(4, 1), D(8, 2) are:
(i) Parallel 12304383
(ii) Perpendicular
(iii) None. (Board 2006)

y-axis. 12304367
Q.53 Two pairs of points are given. Find
Q.37 What is slope or gradient of a line? whether the two lines determined by these
12304368 points are (i) parallel, (ii) perpendicular
Q.38 Find the slope and inclination of the (iii) none. 12304384
line bisecting the first and third quadrant. (1, – 2) , (2, 4) and (4, 1), ( – 8, 2)
12304369
Q.39 Find the slope and inclination of the Q.54 Define slope-intercept form of a line.
line bisecting the 2nd and fourth quadrant. 12304385
12304370
Q.40 Find the slope and inclination of the
line through the points(3, – 4),(– 2, 5)
12304371 Q.55 Define point slope form of a line.
Q.41 Find the slope and angle of 12304386
inclination of the line joining the points. Q.56 Define two point form of a line.
(4, 6), (4, 8) (Board 2016) 12304372 12304387
Q.42 Find slope of line through the points Q.57 Define intercept form of a line.
(2, 1) and (6,  12304388

(Board 2018) 12304373 Q.58 The length of perpendicular from the

Q.43 By means of slopes, show that the
following points lie on a line:
(– 1, – 3) ; (1, 5) ; (2, 9) 12304374
Q.44 Show that the triangle with vertices
A(1,1), B(4,5) and C(12,1) is a right
triangle. 12304375
origin to the line is 5 units and the angle of
inclination of the perpendicular is 120.
Find the slope and y-intercept of the line.
(Board 2015) 12304389
Q.59 Prove that equation of a non-vertical
straight line with slope m and
y-intercept c is given by y = mx + c 12304390
Q.60 Prove that equation of a non-vertical Q.76 Find an equation of the line through
straight line l with slope m and passing (–4, –6) and perpendicular to a line having
through a point Q(x , y) is given by y  y = slope – . (Board 2015) 12304407

m(x  x) 12304391 Q.77 Find an equation of the line through

Q.61 Equation of a line whose non-zero x (11, –5) and parallel to a line with
and y intercepts are a and b respectively, is slope – 24. 12304408

given by + = 1 (Board 2011) 12304392 Q.78 Find an equation of the line through
Q.62 Find the equation of the straight line (–4, 7) and parallel to the 2x–7y+4= 0
if its slope is 2 and y intercept is 5. 12304409

(Board 2006) 12304393 Q.79 Find an equation of the line through

Q.63 Find the equation of the straight line (5, – 8) and perpendicular to the join of A
if it is perpendicular to line with slope (– 15, – 8), B(10, 7) 12304410
6 and y intercept is 12304394 Q.80 Write down an equation of the line
Q.64 Find an equation of the line which cuts x-axis at (2, 0) and y-axis at
y - intercept – 7 and slope – 5. 12304395
0,  4). (Board 2018) 12304411
Q.65 Find an equation of the line through Q.81 Find an equation of the line having
the points P(2, 3) which forms an isosceles x-intercept – 3 and y-intercept 4.
(Board 2018) 12304412
triangle with the coordinate axes in the
Q.82 Check whether the two lines are (i)
first quadrant 12304396
parallel (ii) perpendicular
Q.66 Find an equation of the horizontal
3 y = 2x + 5 ; 3x + 2y – 8 = 0 12304413
 7 9 
line through  x , y  . 12304397 Q.83 Check whether the two lines are
 1 1 (i) parallel (ii) perpendicular 12304414
Q.67 Find an equation of the vertical line 4 y + 2x – 1 = 0, x – 2y – 7 = 0
 5 3 
through  x , y  (Board 2016) 12304398
 1 1 
Q.68 Find an equation of the line bisecting
the first and third quadrants.
(Board 2018) 12304399
Q.69 Find an equation of the line bisecting
the second and fourth quadrants.
(Board 2018) 12304400
Q.70 Find an equation of the line through
A(– 6, 5) having slope 7 (Board 2016)
12304401
Q.71 Find an equation of the line through
(8, – 3) having slope 0 12304402
Q.72 Find an equation of the line through
(– 8, 5) having slope undefined.
12304403
Q.73 Find the equation of the vertical line
through (7, 9). (Board 2007, 10) 12304404
Q.74 Find an equation of the line having x-
intercept – 9 and slope 4. 12304405
Q.75 Find an equation of the
perpendicular bisector joining the points
A(3, 5) and B(9, 8). (Board 2010,17)
12304406
 42
Q.84 Check whether the two lines are
(i) parallel (ii) perpendicular 12304415
4 x – y + 2 = 0, 12x – 3y + 1 = 0
Q.85 Check whether the two lines are
(i) parallel (ii) perpendicular 12304416
12x + 35 y – 7 = 0, 105x – 36y + 11 = 0
Q.86 Find the distance from the point
P(6, 1) to the line 6x  4y + 9 = 0 12304417
Q.87 Find the distance between the parallel
lines 2x+y+2=0 and 6x+3y  8=0. 12304418
(Board 2005)
Q.88 Find the distance between the
parallel lines l: 2x  5y + 13 = 0 and
(i) l:  2x + 5y  6 = 0 12304419
Q.89 Convert the equation 15y–8x+3=0
into: (Board 2009) 12304420
(i) slope intercept form.
(ii) two intercepts form.
(iii) normal form.
Q.90 Transform the equation:
5x  12y+39 = 0 into two-intercept form.
12304421
Q.91 Transform the equation
5x12y + 39 = 0 into Point-slope form.
12304422
Q.92 Transform the equation:
2x  4y + 11 = 0 into Slope-intercept form.
(Board 2009,18) 12304423
Q.93 What is the area of trapezoidal
region? 12304424
Q.94 Define Trapezium.(Board 2009) 12304425
Q.95 Find whether the given point lies
above or below the given line. 12304426
(5, 8); 2x – 3y + 6 = 0
Q.96 Check whether the given points are
on the same or opposite sides of the given
line. (0, 0) and (– 4, 7); 5x–7y+70= 0 12304427
Check whether the point (2, 4) lies above
or below the line 4x+ 5y  3 = 0 12304428
Q.97 Check whether the given points are
on the same or opposite sides of the given
line. (2, 3) and (– 2, 3) ; 3x–5y+8 = 0 12304429
Q.98 Check whether the origin and the
point P (5,  8) lie on the same side or on
the opposite sides of the line 3x+7y+15= 0.
12304430
Q.99 Find the area of the triangular
region whose vertices are A(5, 3),B(2, 2),
C(4, 2). (Board 2008) 12304431
Q.100 Find the area of the region
bounded by the triangle with vertices
(a, b + c), (a, b  c) and ( a, c). 12304432
Q.101 Define an angle from one line to
other line. 12304433
Q.102 Find the angle from the line with
slope to the line with slope . 12304434
Q.103 Find the angle measured from the
line L to the line L whereL : joining
(2, 7) and (7, 10) L : joining (1, 1) and
( – 5, 3) 12304435
Q.104 Find the angle measured from the
line L to the line L where: (Board 2010)
L : joining (1, – 7) and (6, – 4)
L : joining ( – 1, 2) and ( – 6, – 1) 12304436
Q.105 What is family of lines? 12304437
Q.106 Write the equation of the line
through the point of intersection of the
lines 3x – 4y – 10 = 0 and x + 2y – 10 = 0 in
general form. (Board 2006) 12304438
Q.107 Find the point of intersection of
the lines. 12304439
3x + y + 12 = 0 and x + 2y – 1 = 0
Q.108 Find the point of intersection of
the lines. (Board 2007, 09) 12304440
x + 4y – 12 = 0 and x – 3y + 3 = 0
Q.109 Find the distance from the point
P(0, –0) to the line 6x – 4y + 9 = 0. 12304441
Q.110 Find the point of intersection of
the lines 5x + 7y = 35 and 3x  7y = 21
12304442
Q.111 Check whether the following lines
are concurrent or not. If concurrent, find
the point of concurrency. 12304443
(ii) 3x  4y  3 = 0 5x + 12y + 1 = 0
(iii) 32x + 4y  17 = 0
Q.112 Check whether the lines
4x 3y  8 = 0, 3x 4y6= 0 and xy2 = 0
are concurrent. (Board 2011) 12304444
Q.113 Determine the value of p such that
the lines 2x  3y  1 = 0, 3x  y  5 = 0 and
3x + py + 8 = 0 meet a point. 12304445
Q.114 Check whether the lines
4x–3y–8 = 0, 3x – 4y – 6 = 0, x – y – 2 = 0
are concurrent. If so, find the point where
they meet. (Board 2008) 12304446
Q.115 Express the given system of
equations in matrix form. Find whether
the lines are concurrent. 12304447
3x  4 y 2 = 0, x+2y  4= 0, 3x 2y+5 = 0
Q.116 Find the condition that the lines
y = m1x + c1 ; y = m2 x+c2 and y = m3 x+ c3
are concurrent. (Board 2011, 15) 12304448
Q.117 Find a joint equation of the
straight lines through the origin
perpendicular to the lines represented by:
12304449
x + xy - 6y 2 = 0
2
Q.118 Find measure of the angle
between the lines represented by
x 2 - xy - 6y 2 = 0
(Board 2016) 12304450
Q.119 Find an equation of each of the
lines represented by 20x 2 + 17xy - 24y 2 = 0
(Board 2016) 12304451
Q.120 Find the lines represented by:
10x 2 - 23xy - 5y 2 = 0 Also find the angle
between the lines. (Board 2010)
12304452
Q.122 Prove that if two lines are parallel
to each other then their slopes are equal
and if they are perpendicular to each other
then the product of their slopes is –1.
12304453
 44

Linear Inequalities & Linear

Programming

Linear Programming: 12305001

Linear Inequalities in One Variable: (Board 2008) 12305002

Example: (Board 2006) 12305003

Linear Inequalities In Two Variables:

Definition: 12305004

Definition: 12305005

Definition: (Board 2008) 12305006

 Example: 12305007

Find which of the following points lie on the graph of the closed half-plane 3x + 4y  14
(i) (2, 3) (ii) (4, 6) (iii) (iv) (0, 0).

Theorem 1 12305008

Example 1:
Graph the system of inequalities: (Board 2008, 12,17) 12305009
x  2y  6
2x + y  2

Example 2:
Graph of the solution region for the following system of inequalities: (Board 2010) 12305010
x  2y  6, 2x + y  2, x + 2y  10

Definition: (Board 2009) 12305011

Example 3:
Graph the following systems of inequalities.
(i) 2x + y  2 12305012 (ii) 2x + y  2 12305013 (iii) 2x + y  2 12305014
x + 2y  10 x + 2y  10 x + 2y  10
y0 x0 x  0, y  0.

EXERCISE 5.1
Q.1 Graph the solution set of each of the following linear inequality in xy-plane.
(i) 2x + y  6 (Board 2011) 12305015
(ii) 3x + 7y  21 12305016
(iii) 3x  2y  6 (Board 2010) 12305017
(iv) 5x  4y  20 (Board 2008, 10) 12305018
(v) 2x + 1  0 (Board 2010, 11 12305019
(vi) 3y  4  0 (Board 2011) 12305020
Q.2 Indicate the solution set of the following systems of linear inequalities by shading.
(i) 2x  3y  6 (Board 2011) 12305021
2x + 3y  12
(ii) x + y  5 (Board 2017) 12305022
y+x1
(iii) 3x + 7y  21 (Board 2008) 12305023
x y2
(iv) 4x  3y  12 (Board 2011, 12,18) 12305024
x
(v) 3x + 7y  21 (Board 2011, 12) 12305025
y4
Q.3 Indicate the solution set of the following systems of linear inequalities by shading.
(Board 2011)
(i) 2x  3y  6 12305026
2x + 3y  12
y0
(ii) x+y5 (Board 2017) 12305027
y  2x  2
x0
(iii) x+y5 12305028
xy1
y0
(iv) 3x + 7y  21 (Board 2008) 12305029
xy2
x0
(v) 3x + 7y  21 12305030
x y2
y 0
(vi) 3x + 7y  21 (Board 2012) 12305031
2x  y   3
x0
Q.4 Graph the solution set of the following systems of linear inequalities and find the
corner points in each case.
(i) 2x  3y  6 12305032
2x + 3y  12
x0
(ii) x+y5 (Board 2011, 16) 12305033
 2x + y  2
y0
(iii) 3x + 7y  21 12305034
2x  y   3
y0
 46

(iv) 3x + 2y  6 12305035
x + 3y  6
y0
(v) 5x + 7y  35 (Board 2011) 12305036
 x + 3y  3
x0
(vi) 5x + 7y  35 12305037
x  2y  2
x0
Q.5 Graph the solution set of the following systems of linear inequalities by shading.
(i) 3x  4y  12 12305038
3x + 2y  3
x + 2y  9
(ii) 3x  4y  12 12305039
x + 2y  6
x+y1
(iii) 2x + y  4 12305040
2x  3y  12
x + 2y  6
(iv) 2x + y  10 12305041
x+y7
 2x + y  4
(v) 2x + 3y  18 12305042
2x + y  10
 2x + y  2
(vi) 3x  2y  3 12305043
x + 4y  12
3x + y  12

Problem Constraints: (Board 2008, 12) 12305044

Feasible Solution Set:d (Board 2007) 12305045

Define convex 12305046

Example 1:
Graph the feasible region and find the corner points for the following system of inequalities
(or subject to the following constraints). 12305047
x  y  3, x + 2y  6 , x  0, y  0
Example 2:
A manufacturer wants to make two types of concrete. Each bag of A-grade concrete contains
8 kilograms of gravel (small pebbles with coarse sand) and 4 kilograms of cement while each
bag of B-grade concrete contains 12 kilograms of gravel and two kilograms of cement. If
there are 1920 kilograms of gravel and 480 kilograms of cement, then graph the feasible
region under the given restrictions and find corner points of the feasible region. 12305048

Example 3:
 Graph the feasible regions subject to the following constraints.
(a) 2x  3y  6 12305045 (b) 2x  3y  6 12305049
2x + y  2 2x + y  2
x  0, y  0 x + 2y  8, x  0, y  0

If the line segment obtained by joining any two points of a region lies entirely within the
region, then the region is called convex. (Board 2008, 10) 12305050

EXERCISE 5.2
Q.1 Graph the feasible region of the following system of linear inequalities and find the
corner points in each case. (Board 2011)
(i) 2x  3y  6 12305051
2x + 3y  12
x  0, y  0
(ii) x + y  5 (Board 2011) 12305052
 2x + y  2
x  0, y  0
(iii) x + y  5 12305053
 2x + y  2
x0
(iv) 3x + 7y  21 12305054
xy3
x  0, y  0
(v) 3x + 2y  6 12305055
x+y4
x  0, y  0
(vi) 5x + 7y  35 (Board 2016) 12305056
x  2y  4
x  0, y  0
Q.2 Graph the feasible region of the following system of linear inequalities and find the
corner points in each case.
(i) 2x + y  10 12305057
x + 4y  12
x + 2y  10
x  0, y  0
(ii) 2x + 3y  18 (Board 2018) 12305058
2x + y  10
x + 4y  12
x  0, y  0
(iii) 2x + 3y  18 12305059
x + 4y  12
3x + y  12
x  0, y  0
(iv) x + 2y  14 12305060
3x + 4y  36
2x + y  10
 48

x  0, y  0
(v) x + 3y  15 12305061
4x + 3y  24
2x + y  12
x  0, y  0
(vi) 2x + y  20 12305062
8x + 15y  120
x + y  11
x  0, y  0

Linear Programming: (Board 2007, 08) 12305063

2. Standard form of linear programming problem (L.P.P.) 12305064

3. Optimal Feasible Solution: (Board 2008) 12305065

Theorem 2: (Board 2010) 12305066

Fundamental theorem of linear programming.
Theorem 3:
Fundamental extreme point theorem. 12305067

Theorem 4: 12305068
The set of all feasible solutions of a linear programming problem is a convex set.

Example 1:
Find the maximum and minimum values of the function defined as:
f(x, y) = 2x + 3y
subject to the constraints; 12305069
xy2
x+y>4
2x  y  6, x0

Example 2:
Find the minimum and maximum values of f and defined as:
f(x, y) = 4x + 5y, (x, y) = 4x + 6y
under the constraints (Board 2010, 12) 12305070
2x  3y  6
2x + y  2
2x + 3y  12
x  0, y  0

Example 1:
A farmer possesses 100 canals of land and wants to grow corn and wheat. Cultivation
of corn requires 3 hours per canal while cultivation of wheat requires 2 hours per canal.
Working hours cannot exceed 240. If he gets a profit of Rs. 20 per canal for corn and Rs.15/-
per canal for wheat, how many canals of each he should cultivate to maximize his profit?
(Board 2010)12305071
Example 2:
 A factory produces bicycles and motorcycles by using two machines A and B.
Machine A has at most 120 hours available and machine B has a maximum of 144 hours
available. Manufacturing a bicycle requires 5 hours in machine A and 4 hours in machine B
while manufacturing of a motorcycle requires 4 hours in machine A and 8 hours in machine
B. If he gets profit of Rs.40 per bicycle and profit of Rs.50 per motorcycle, how many bicycles
and motorcycles should be manufactured to get maximum profit? 12305072

EXERCISE 5.3
Q.1 Maximize f (x, y) = 2x + 5y subject to the constraints (Board 2010) 12305073
2y  x  8 ; x  y  4 ; x  0 ; y  0 (Board 2009)

Q.2 Maximize f (x, y) = x + 3y subject to the constraints (Board 2016,17) 12305074

2x + 5y  30 ; 5x + 4y  20 ; x  0 ; y  0
Q.3 Maximize z = 2x + 3y ; subject to the constraints: 12305075
3x + 4y  12 ; 2x + y  4 ; 2x y  4; x  0; y  0
Q.4 Minimize z = 2x + y: subject to the constraints: (Board 2018) 12305076
x + y  3 ; 7x + 5y  35 ; x  0 ; y  0

Q.5 Maximize the function defined as; f (x, y) = 2x + 3y subject to the constraints:
2x + y  8 ; x + 2y  14 ; x  0 ; y  0 (Board 2008, 10, 11, 16) 12305077

Q.6 Minimize z = 3x + y; subject to the constraints: (Board 2010, 11) 12305078

3x + 5y  15 ; x + 3y  9 ; x  0 ; y  0

Q.7 Each unit of food X costs Rs.25 and contains 2 units of protein and 4 units of iron while
each unit of food Y costs Rs.30 and contains 3 units of protein and 2 unit of iron. Each
animal must receive at least 12 units of protein and 16 units of iron each day. How many
units of each food should be fed to each animal at the smallest possible cost? 12305079

Q.8 A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He had only
Rs. 5760 to invest and has space at most for 20 items. A fan costs him Rs. 360 and a sewing
machine costs Rs.240 His expectation is that he can sell a fan at a profit of Rs. 22 and a
sewing machine at a profit of Rs. 18 Assuming that he can sell all the items that he can buy,
how should he invest his money in order to maximize his profit? 12305080

Q.9 A machine can produce product A by using 2 units of chemical and 1 unit of a
compound or can produce product B by using 1 unit of chemical and 2 units of the compound.
Only 800 units of chemical and 1000 units of the compound are available. The profits per unit
of A and B are Rs. 30 and Rs. 20 respectively, maximize the profit function. 12305081
 50

Multiple Choice Questions

 Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.
1. Non-vertical lines divide the plane into (c) bx, ay (d) x, y, xy
_____ half plane. 12305082 10. ax  b is an inequality of: 12305091

(a) upper and lower (b) many (a) one variable

(c) left and right (d)None of these (b) three variable
2. x = c is a vertical line parallel to (c) two variable
______. 12305083 (d) four variable
11. ax + b < c is an inequality of: 12305092
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis may be
(c) y-axis (d) None of these (a) one variable
3. x=a is a vertical line perpendicular to (b) three variable
______. 12305084 (c) two variable
(d) four variable
(a) x-axis (b) x-axis may be 12. The inequality x < a is the open half
(c) y-axis (d) None of these plane to the ______of the boundary
4. y = b is a horizontal line parallel to line x = a. 12305093
------. 12305085
(a) above (b) left
(a) x-axis (b) x-axis may be (c) below (d) right
(c) y-axis (d) None of these 13. ax + b > c is an inequality of: 12305094
5. y = b is a horizontal line
perpendicular to _______. 12305086 (a) one variable
(b) three variable
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis may be (c) two variable
(c) y-axis (d) None of these (d) four variable
6. In-equalities are expressed by the 14. The inequality y > b is the open half
symbols: 12305087 plane to the _______ of the
boundary line y = b. 12305095
(a) =, <, >, ,  (b) , <, >, , 
(c) <, >, ,  (d) None of these (a) above (b) left
7. The operation _______ by a positive (c) below (d) right
constant to each side of inequality will 15. x=2 is a vertical line perpendicular
affect the order (or sense) of inequality. to ----------. 12305096
12305088
(a) x-axis
(a) adding (b) subtracting (b) x-axis may be
(c) multiplying (d) None of these (c) y-axis
8. A solution of a linear inequality in x (d) None of these
and y is an ordered pair of 16. The inequality y  b is the closed half
numbers, which ___ the inequality. plane to the -------- of the boundary
line y = b. 12305097
(a) does not satisfy 12305089
(b) may be satisfied (a) above (b) left
(c) satisfies (c) below (d) right
(d) None of this 17. The non-negative inequalities are
9. In linear programming equations or called: (Board 2013) 12305098
in-equations should not contain the
terms like: 12305090 (a) Parameters
(b) Constants
(a) x, y (b) ax, by (c) Decision variables
 (d) Vertices

18. ax + by < c is an inequality of: 12305099 12305105

(a) one variable (a) finitely many

(b) three variable (b) two
(c) two variable (c) infinitely many
(d) four variable (d) four
19. ax + by  c is an inequality of: 12305100 25. The order (or sense) of an
inequality is changed by ____, it
(a) one variable
each side by a negative constant.
(b) three variable
(c) two variable 12305106
(d) four variable
20. The graph of linear equation of the (a) adding (b) subtracting
form ax + by = c is a _______, (c) dividing (d) None of
where a, b and c are constants and these
a, b are not both zero. 12305101 26. The region of the graph ax + by  c
is called ______half plane. 12305107
(a) curve (b) circle
(c) straight line (a) open (b) closed
(d) parabola (c) open as well as closed
21. The graph of linear equation of the (d) None of these
form ax + by = c is dividing the 27. The linear equation -------------- is
plane into two disjoint regions as ___, called the associated or
where a, b and c are constants and a, corresponding equation of the
b are not both zero. 12305102
inequality ax+ by < c. 12305108

(a) ax + by  c and ax + by  c
(b) ax + by < c and ax + by > c
(c) ax + by < c and ax + by  c
ax + by  c and ax + by > c
22. The region of the graph ax+by > c
is called ____ half plane. 12305103
(a) open (b) closed
(c) open as well as closed
(d) None of these
23. The graph of ax + by = c is called the
_____half planes ax + by > c and ax + by
< c. 12305104
(a) open (b) boundary of
(c) closed
(d) None of these
24. There are __ ordered pairs that
satisfy the inequality ax + by > c.
(a) ax + by  c (b) ax + by = c
(c) ax + by  c (d) ax + by > c
28. The graph of 2x + y < 2 is the open
half plane which is ---------- the
origin side of 2x + y = 2. 12305109
(a) at (b) not on
(c) on (d) None of these
29. The inequality ax + by < c where
a = 0 represents .… half plane.
(Board 2012) 12305110
(a) left or right (b) upper or lower
(c) open (d) none
of these
30. The graph of 2x + y  2 is the closed
half plane which is ---------- the
origin side of 2x + y = 2. 12305111
 52

(a) at (b) not on (c) unbounded (d) None of these

(c) on (d) None of these 38. There are ______ feasible solutions
31. For different values of k, the equation in the feasible region. 12305119

4x + 5y = k represents lines --- to the

(a) finitely
line 4x+5y = 0. 12305112 (b) two
(c) infinitely many
(a) perpendicular (d) three
(b) parallel 39. The system of _______involved in the
(c) equal problem concerned is called problem
(d) None of these constraints. (Board 2018) 12305120
32. The graph of linear equation of the
form ax + by = c is a line, which (a) linear equalities
divides the plane into ------------ (b) equations
(c) linear inequalities
disjoint regions, where a, b and c are (d) None of these
constants and a, b are not both zero. 40. If the line segment obtained by
12305113 joining any two points of a region
lies entirely within the region, then
(a) one (b) three the region is called ______. 12305121
(c) two (d) None of these
33. A line which divides a plane into two (a) maximum (b) vertex
parts is called: 12305114 (c) minimum (d) convex
41. The feasible solution, which
(a) boundary point maximizes or minimizes the objective
(b) boundary line function, is called the___.(Board 2018) 12305122
(c) feasible line
(d) none (a) maximum solution
34. A point of a solution region where (b) optimal solution
two of its boundary lines intersects (c) minimum solution
is called a _____ point of the solution (d) None of these
region. 12305115 42. A function, which is to be maximized
or minimized is called an ______.
(a) maximum (b) corner
(Board 2016) 12305123
(c) minimum (d) None of these
35. A corner point is the point of (a) maximum function
intersection of 12305116
(b) objective function
(a) x-axis & y-axis (c) minimum function
(b) boundary lines (d) None of these
(c) any two lines 43. (1, 0) is the solution of inequality:
(d) none
(Board 2015,17) 12305124
36. A region, which is restricted to the
_______ quadrant, is referred to as (a) 7x + 2y < 8 (b) x – 3y < 0
a feasible region for the set of given (c) 3x + 5y < 6 (d) –3x + 5y > 2
constraints. 12305117
44. x = 4 is the solution of inequality:
(a) first (b) third
(Board 2014)12305125
(c) second (d) fourth
37. The feasible region is _______ if it (a) x  3  0 (b) x 3 0
can easily be enclosed within a (c) 2 x  3  0 (d) x  3  0
circle. 12305118
45. Solution of inequality x+2y <6 is:
(a) bounded (b) exist
 (Board 2012) 12305126 (a) x = 4 (b) x > 4
(c) x  4 (d) 4>x
(a) (1 , 1) (b) (1 , 3) 49. 4 < y < 4 is the solution of the
(c) (1 , 4) (d) (1 , 5) following: 12305130
46. The ordered pair _____ is a solution
of the inequality x + 2y < 6. (a) y = 5 (b) y = 3
(c) y = 4 (d) y=5
(a) (3 , 3) (b) (1 , 1) 12305127 2 x  3 is :
50. Solution set of inequality
(c) (4 , 4) (d) 5,5  (Board 2016) 12305131
47.   < x < is the solution set of the
inequality: 3 3
12305128
(a) (  , ) (b) ( , )
2 2
(a) x = (b) x >
© (  ,  ) (d) ( 3 , 3 )
(c) x  (d) x< 2 2
48.   < x < 4 is the solution set of the
inequality: 12305129

Short Answer Questions

Q1. In how many ways the Q10. What is the open half plane in linear
In-equalities are expressed. 12305132 inequalities in one variable? 12305141

Q2. What is linear programming?
(Board 2008) 12305133
Q3. If a function f(x, y) has same minimum
value at any two points, then what is value
at the line segment between these points.
12305134
Q4. What are the linear inequalities in one
variable? 12305135
Q5. Define an associated or corresp-
onding equation of the inequality
ax + by > c. (Board 2008) 12305136
Q11. What is the boundary of the half
plane ax + by > c. 12305142
Q12. The graph of 2x + y < 2 lies on the
origin side or not. 12305143
Q13. What are the open half planes in
linear inequalities in two variables? 12305144
Q14. What is the boundary of the half
plane ax + by < c. 12305145
Q15. Prove that (3, 2) is the solution of
inequality x – y > 1 (Board 2007) 12305146

Q6. What are the linear inequalities in two Q16. Define problem constraints. 12305147
variables? 12305137
Q17. Define decision variables.
Q7. If a function f(x, y) has same
(Board 2017) 12305148
maximum value at any two points, then
what is value at the line segment between Q18. Define a corner point (vertex).
these points. 12305138
(Board 2010) 12305149
Q8. What is the open half plane in Linear Q19. Define an objective function. 12305150
inequalities in two variable? 12305139
(Board 2008, 12)
Q9. What is the closed half plane in Linear Q20. Define a feasible solution set. 12305151
inequalities in one variable? 12305140
(Board 2008, 10, 12,18)
Q21. Define convex region. 12305152
 54

(Board 2008, 12, 16) Q32. Check whether the region of graph
2x + 3y > 1 lies on the origin side or not.
Q22. Define optimal solution.
12305163
(Board 2017,18) 12305153 Q33. What is the closed half plane in linear
inequalities in one variable? 12305164
Q23. Define the solution region. 12305154

Q34. What are constraints in linear

Q24. Define feasible solution.
programming? 12305165

(Board 2008) 12305155

Q35. What is the procedure for determ-
Q25. What is an inequality? 12305156 ining optimal solution? 12305166

Q26. Define non-negative constraints and Q36. Indicate the solution set of linear
decision variables. 12305157 inequality by shading 3x + 7y < 21, y < 4.

Q27. In how many ways the graph of (Board 2012, 16) 12305167
linear equation of the form ax + by = c
Q37. Graph solution region x – 2y < 6
divides the plane. 12305158

(Board 2012)12305168
Q28. The region of graph 4x + y  2 lies on
the origin side or not. 12305159 Q38. Graph the solution set of linear
Q29. The region of graph 2x + y > 2 lies on in-equality 4x  3y 12 in xy  plane.
the origin side or not. 12305160
(Board 2011) 12305169
Q30. What is a feasible solution of the
system of linear inequalities? 12305161

Q31. State fundamental extreme point

theorem. 12305162
 CONIC SECTION
THE CIRCLE EXERCISE 6.1
Definition: (Board 2008) 12306001 Q.1 In each of the following, find an
equation of the circle with
Theorem: (Board 2011) (a) Centre at (5, 2) and radius 4 12306011
Find the equation of a circle whose centre (b) Centre at and radius 2
is the point (h, k) and the radius is 'r'. 12306012
12306002
(c) Ends of a diameter at (3, 2) and
(5, 6). (Board 2008, 09, 10,17) 12306013
Theorem: (Board 2012) 12306003
Q.2 Find the centre and radius of the
(i) Find the equation of a circle whose
circle with the given equation
centre is at the origin and whose radius is
(a) x2 + y2 + 12x  10y = 0 12306014
equal to 'r'.
(b) 5x + 5y + 14x + 12y  10 = 0 12306015
2 2

Parametric Equations of Circle: 12306004

(c) x2 + y2  6x + 4y + 13 = 0 12306016
(d) 4x + 4y  8x + 12y  25 = 0 12306017
2 2

Q.3 Write an equation of circle passing

Example:
through the given points
Write an equation of the circle with center
(a) A(4, 5), B(4, 3) and C(8, 3) 12306018
(3, 5) and radius 7. 12306005
(b) A(7, 7) B(5, 1), C(10, 0) 12306019
(c) A(a, 0), B(0, b), C(0, 0) 12306020
(d) A(5, 6), B(3, 2), C(3, 4) 12306021
General Form of An Equation of A Circle
Q.4 In each of following, find an equation
Theorem: (Board 2009, 12) 12306006
of the circle passing through
The equation x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(a) A(3, 1), B(0, 1) and having centre at
represents a circle g, f and c being
4x  3y  3 = 0 (Board 2008) 12306022
constants.
(b) A(3, 1) with radius 2 and centre on
Properties of General Form of a Circle: 2x  3y + 3 = 0 12306023

12306007
(c) A(5, 1) and tangent to the line
2x  y  10 = 0 at B(3,  4) 12306024

Example: 12306008 (d) A(1, 4), B(1, 8) and tangent to the line
Find an equation of the circle having the x + 3y  3 = 0 12306025

join of A(x, y) and B(x , y) as a diameter.
[Example:
Find an equation of the circle passing
through the point (2, 5) and touching
the line 3x + 4y  24 = 0 at the point (4, 3).
12306009
Example:
Find an equation of the circle passing
through the points A(1, 2) and B(1, 2) and
touching the line x + 2y + 5 = 0. 12306010
Q.5 Find an equation of a circle of radius
a and lying in the second quadrant such
that it is tangent to both the axes. 12306026
Q.6 Show that the lines 3x  2y = 0 and
2x + 3y  13 = 0 are tangents to circle
x2 + y2 + 6x  4y = 0 (Board 2016,17)
12306027
Q.7 Show that the circles x2+y2+2x2y7=0
and x2+y26x+4y+9=0 touch externally.
(Board 2009) 12306028
2 2
Q.8 Show that the circles x +y + 2x8 = 0
and x2 + y2  6x + 6y  46 = 0 touch
internally. 12306029
 Example 2:
Q.9 Find equations of the circles of radius Write equations of two tangents to the
2 and tangent to the line x  y  4 = 0 at circle x + y 4x + 6y + 9 = 0 at the points
A(1, 3). 12306030 on the circle whose ordinate is 2. 12306039

Equation of Tangent to a Circle: 12306031 Example 3:

(a) Let (x1, y1) be a point on the circle Find a joint equation to the pair of
tangents drawn from (5, 0) to the circle:
(b) Let  x1 , y1  be a point on the circle x+y= 9 12306040

12306032
Theorem:
Rule for Writing the Equation of a Find the length of the tangent drawn from
Tangent to a Circle: (Board 2009)
the point (x1, y1) to the circle
12306033 x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. 12306041

Theorem: Example 1:
The point P(x, y) lies outside, on or inside Find the length of the tangent from point
the circle P(5, 10) to the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2f + c = 0 5x+5y+14x+12y10 = 0. 12306042

according as
> Example 2:
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c =
< 0 12306043

12306034
Write equations of the tangent lines to the
circle x + y + 4x + 2y = 0 drawn from
Example: (Board 2008) P(1, 2). Also find the tangential distance.
Determine whether the point P(5, 6) lies
outside, on or inside the circle: Example 3:
x + y + 4x  6y  12 = 0 12306035 Tangents are drawn from (3, 4) to the
circle x + y = 21. Find an equation of the
Theorem: line joining the points of contact (The line
The line y = mx + c intersects the circle is called the chord of contact).
12306044
x + y = a at the most at two points.
(Board 2009,18) 12306036
Length of a Chord of a Circle:
Theorem: Find the length of the chord of the circle
Two tangents can be drawn to a circle x2 + y2 = a2 on the line y = mx + c. 12306045
from any point P (x , y). The tangents are
real and distinct, coincident or imaginary EXERCISE 6.2
according as the point lies outside, on or Q.1 Write down equations of the tangent
inside the circle. 12306037 and normal to the circle (Board 2009, 11)
(i) x2+y2 = 25 at (4,3) and at (5cos, 5sin )
Example 1: 12306038 12306046
Write equations of two tangents from (2, x + y = 25 at (5 cos , 5 sin )
2 2

3) to the circle x+ y = 9. (Board 2009, 11) 12306047

(ii) 3x2 + 3y2 + 5x  13y + 2 = 0 at
(Board 2010) 12306048
Q.2 Write down equations of the tangent
and normal to the circle. 12306049
4x2 + 4y2 – 16x + 24y – 117 = 0 at the
points whose abscissa is – 4. (Board
2008)
Q.3 Check the position of the point (5, 6)
with respect to circle (Board 2007, 09, 10, 11)
(i) x2 + y2 = 81 12306050
(ii) 2x2 + 2y2 + 12x  8y + 1 = 0 12306051
Q.4 Find the length of the tangent drawn
from the point (5, 4) to the circle
5x2 + 5y2 – 10x + 15y – 131 = 0 12306052
Q.5 Find the length of the chord cut off
from the line 2x + 3y = 13 by the circle
x2 + y2 = 26. (Board 2016) 12306053
Q.6 Find the coordinates of the points of
intersection of the line x + 2y = 6 with the
circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 39 = 0 12306054
Q.7 Find equation of the tangents to the
circle x + y = 2 (Board 2017)
(i) parallel to the line x – 2y = 1 12306055
(ii) perpendicular to the line 3x+2y=6 12306056
Q.8 Find equations of the tangents drawn
(i) from (0, 5) to the circle. Also find the
points of contact. 12306057
x2 + y2 = 16
(ii) Find equations of the tangents drawn
from (1, 2) to x + y + 4x + 2y = 0.
(Board 2010) 12306058
(iii) Find equations of tangents drawn
from (7, 2) to (x + 1)2 + (y  2)2 = 26
12306059
Q.9 Find an equation of the chord of
contact of the tangents drawn from (4, 5)
to the circle 2x2+ 2y2 – 8x + 12y + 21 = 0
12306060
Theorem 1:
Length of a diameter of the circle
x+ y= a is 2a. (Board 2010) 12306061
Theorem 2:
Perpendicular dropped from the center of a
circle on a chord bisects the chord. 12306062
Theorem 3:
The perpendicular bisector of any
chord of a circle passes through the center
of the circle. 12306063
Theorem 4:
The line joining the center of a circle to the
midpoint of a chord is perpendicular to the
chord. (Board 2010) 12306064
Theorem 5:
Congruent chords of a circle are
equidistant from its center. 12306065
Theorem 6:
Show that measure of the central angle of
a minor arc is double the measure of the
angle subtended in the corresponding
major arc. 12306066
Theorem 7:
An angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.
12306067
Theorem 8:
The tangent to a circle at any point of
the circle is perpendicular to the radial
segment at that point. 12306068
Theorem 9:
The perpendicular at the outer end of
a radial segment is tangent to the circle.
12306069
EXERCISE 6.3
(ii) Q.1 Prove that normal lines of a
circle pass through the centre of circle.
12306070
(iii) Q.2 Prove that the straight line
drawn from centre of a circle
perpendicular to a tangent passes through
the point of tangency.
12306071
(iv) Q.3. Prove that the mid point of the
hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is the
circumcentre of the triangle. 12306072
(v) Q.4 Prove that the perpendicular
dropped from a point of a circle on a
diameter is a mean proportional between
the segments into which it divides the
diameters. 12306073
Parabola: (Board 2007, 08) 12306074
 (ii) x2 = 16y (Board 2008, 11) 12306083
Standard Equation of the Parabola: 2
(iii) x = 5y (Board 2012) 12306084
(Board 2010) 12306075 (iv) y2 = –12 x (Board 2017) 12306085
(v) x2 = 4(y – 1) (Board 2009, 11) 12306086
Example 1: (vi) y2 = –8(x – 3) (Board 2018) 12306087
2
Analyze the parabola x= 16y and draw its (vii) (x – 1) = 8 (y + 2) (Board 2009,16) 12306088
graph. 12306076 (viii) y = 6x2 – 1 (Board 2018) 12306089
(ix) x + 8 – y2 + 2y = 0 (Board 2011) 12306090
Example 2: (x) x2 – 4x – 8y + 4 = 0 12306091

Find an equation of the parabola whose
focus is F(3, 4) and directrix is
3x4y+5=0. 12306077
Example 3:
Analyze the parabola
x  4x  3y + 13 = 0
and sketch its graph. 12306078
Theorem:
The point of a parabola which is closest to
the focus is the vertex of the parabola.
12306079
Example 4:
A comet has a parabolic orbit with the sun
at the focus. When the comet is 100 million
km from the sun, the line joining the sun
and the comet makes an angle of 60 with
the axis of the parabola. How close will the
comet get to the sun? 12306080
Example 5:
A suspension bridge with weight uniformly
distributed along the length has two
towers of 100 m height above the road
surface and are 400 m apart. The cables
are parabolic in shape and are tangent to
road surface at the center of the bridge.
Find the height of the cables at a point 100
m from the center. 12306081
EXERCISE 6.4
Q.1 Discuss and sketch the graph of the
following parabolas:
(i) y= 8 x (Board 2008, 12) 12306082
Q.2 Write an equation of the parabola with
given elements. (Board 2010)
(vi) Focus (–3, 1); directrix x = 3
12306092
(vii) Focus (2, 5) ; directrix y = 1
12306093
(viii) Focus (–3, 1); directrix x – 2 y – 3 = 0
12306094
(iv) Focus (1, 2), vertex (3, 2) 12306095
(v) Focus (1, 0), vertex (1, 2) 12306096
(vi) Directrix x = 2, focus (2, 2) 12306097
(vii) Directrix y = 3, vertex (2, 2) 12306098
(viii) Directrix y = 1, length of latus-rectum
is 8. Opens downward. 12306099
(ix) Axis y = 0, through (2, 1) and (11, 2).
12306100
(x) Axis parallel to y-axis, the points (0, 3),
(3, 4) and (4, 11) lie on the graph. 12306101
Q.3 Find the equation of the parabola
having its focus at the origin and directrix
is parallel to
(i) x-axis 12306102
(ii) y-axis. (Board 2010,18) 12306103
Q.4 Show that the an equation of
parabola with focus at (a cos , a sin )
and directrix
x cos  + y sin  + a = 0 is 12306104
2
= 4a
Q.5 Show that the ordinate at any point P
of the parabola is the mean proportional
between the length of the latus rectum and
the abscissa of P. 12306105
Q.6 An comet has a parabolic orbit with the
earth at the focus. When the comet is
150,000 km from the earth, the line joining
the comet and the earth makes an angle of
30 with the axis of the parabola. How close
will the comet come to the earth? 12306106
Q.7 Find an equation of the parabola
formed by the cables of a suspension bridge
whose span is a m and the vertical height of
the supporting towers is b m. 12306107
Q.8 A parabolic arch has 100 m base and
height 25 m. Find the height of the arch at a
point 30 m from the centre of the base. 12306108
Q.9 Show that tangent at any point P of a
parabola makes equal angles with the line
PS and the line through P parallel to the
axis of the parabola, S being focus. (These
angles are called respectively angle of
incidence and angle of reflection). 12306109
The Ellipse:
(a) Definitions: 12306110
(b) Establish the equation of an Ellipse in
the form + = 1. (Board 2010) 12306111
Length Of The Latus Rectum Of The
Ellipse 12306112
Example 1:
Show that the equation
9x18x + 4y + 8y  23 = 0represents an
ellipse. Find its elements and sketch its
graph. (Board 2016) 12306113
Example 2: Analyze the equation
4 x 2  9 y 2  36 12306114
Example 3:
An arch in the form of half an ellipse
is 40 m wide and 15 m high at the center.
Find the height of the arch at a distance of
10 m from its center. 12306115
EXERCISE 6.5
Q.1 Find an equation for the ellipse with
given data and sketch its graph:
(i) Foci (3, 0) and minor axis of length 10 .
12306116
(ii) Foci (0, –1) and (0, –5) and major axis
of length 6. 12306117
(iii) Foci (3 , 0) and vertices (6, 0)
(Board 2009, 10, 12) 12306118
(iv) Vertices (5, 1) , (1, 1) , foci (4, 1) and (0, 1)
12306119
(v) Foci (, 0) and passing through the point
. 12306120
(vi) Vertices (0 , 5) , eccentricity =
12306121
(vii) Centre (0, 0), focus (0, –3), vertex (0, 4)
(Board 2011) 12306122
(viii) Centre (2, 2), major axis parallel to
y-axis and of length 8 units, minor axis
parallel to x-axis and of length 6 units.
12306123
(ix) Centre (0, 0), symmetric with respect
to both the axis and passing through the
points (2, 3) and (6, 1). 12306124
(x) Center (0, 0) , major axis horizontal,
the points (3, 1), (4, 0) lie on the graph.
12306125
Q.2 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
vertices and directrices of the ellipse whose
equation is given. (Board 2008, 09, 11)
(i) x2 + 4y2 = 16 12306126
(ii) 9x2 + y2 = 18 (Board 2011,18) 12306127
(iii) 25 x2 + 9 y2 = 225 12306128
(iv) + = 1 12306129
(v) x2 + 16x + 4y2 – 16y + 76 = 0 12306130
(vi) 25x2 + 4y2 – 250 x – 16y + 541 = 0
(Board 2007) 12306131
Q.3 Let a be a positive number and
0 < c < a. Let F ( c , 0) and F(c , 0) be two
given points. Prove that the locus of points
P (x , y) such that |PF| + |PF| = 2a , is an
ellipse. 12306132
Q.4 Use problem 3 to find equation of the
ellipse as locus of points P(x, y) such that
the sum of the distances from P to the
points (0, 0) and (1, 1) is 2. 12306133
Q.5 Prove that the latus rectum of the
2b 2
ellipse + = 1, is . (Board 2008)
a
12306134
Q.6 The major axis of an ellipse in
standard form lies along the x-axis and has
length 4. The distance between the foci
equals the length of the minor axis. Write
an equation of the ellipse. 12306135
Q.7 An astroid has an elliptic orbit with (vi) Centre (2, 2), horizontal transverse
the sun at one focus. Its distance from the axis of length 6 and eccentricity e = 2
sun ranges from 17 million to 183 million (Board 2008, 11) 12306148
miles. Write an equation of the orbit of the (vii) Vertices (2, 3), (0, 5) lie on the curve.
astroid. 12306136
12306149
Q.8 An arch in the shape of a semi ellipse (viii) Foci (5, –2), (5, 4) and one vertex
in 90 m wide at the base and 30 m high at (5, 3) 12306150
the centre. At what distance from the Q.2 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
center is the arch 20 m high? 12306137 vertices and directrices of the hyperbolas
Q.9 The moon orbits the earth in an whose equations are given:
elliptic path with earth at one focus. The (i) x– y = 9 (Board 2006, 11,17) 12306151
major and minor axes of the orbit are
(ii) – = 1 (Board 2006, 11) 12306152
768,806 km and 767,746km respectively.
(iii) – = 1 (Board 2007, 09, 10, 11) 12306153
Find the greatest and least distances (in
Astronomy called the apogee and perigee) (iv) – x= 1 (Board 2009,18) 12306154
of the moon from the earth. 12306138 (v) – = 1 12306155

(vi) – = 1 12306156
Hyperbola: (vii) 9x – 12x – y – 2y + 2 = 0 12306157
(ix) Definition: 12306139 (viii) 4y+ 12y – x + 4x + 1 = 0 12306158
(ix) x  y + 8x  2y  10 = 0 12306159
(x) 9x  y  36x  6y + 18 = 0 12306160
Equation of the Hyperbola in the Standard Q.3 Let 0 < a < c and F (–c, 0) , F (c, 0) be
Form: (Board 2017) 12306140
two fixed points. Show that the set of
points P(x, y) such that – P F =  2a, is
Example 1:
Find the eccentricity, the coordinates of the hyperbola – = 1 (F, F are foci of the
the vertices and foci of the asymptotes of hyperbola). 12306161

y2 x2
the hyperbola  1 12306141 Q.4 Using Problem 3, find an equation of
16 49
the hyperbola with foci (5, 5) and (5, 5),
Example 2:
Discuss and sketch the graph of the vertices ( 3,  3) and (3, 3).
12306162
equation
Q.5 For any point on the hyperbola the
4x  8x  y  2y  1 = 0 … (1) 12306142
difference of its distances from the points
(2, 2) and (10, 2) in 6. Find an equation of
the hyperbola. 12306163
Q.6 Two listening posts hear the sound of
an enemy gun. The difference in time is
EXERCISE 6.6 one second. If the listening posts are 1400
Q.1 Find an equation of the hyperbola with feet apart, write an equation of the
the given data. Sketch the graph of each hyperbola passing through the position of
(i) Centre (0, 0), focus (6, 0), vertex (4, 0) the enemy gun. (Sound travels at 1080
(Board 2007, 08, 11) 12306143 ft/sec). 12306164
(ii) Foci ( 5, 0) , Vertex (3, 0)
(Board 2011, 12) 12306144 Equations of the Tangent and the Normal
(iii) Foci (2  5, –7), length of the to Parabola: (Board 2008) 12306165
transverse axis 10. 12306145
(iv) Foci (0, 6), e = 2 12306146 Equation of the Tangent to the Parabola
(v) Foci (0, 9) , Directrices y = 4 y2 = 4ax in the Slope Form: 12306166
12306147
Equation of the Normal to the Parabola Find the points of intersection of the ellipse
y2 = 4ax, in the Slope Form 12306167 + = 1 and the hyperbola
– =1 12306177
Equation of the Tangent to Ellipse Also sketch the graph of the two conics.
+ = 1 at the Point P(x1, y1): 12306168
Example 8: (Board 2010) 12306178
Equation of the Normal to the Ellipse Find the points of intersection of the
+ = 1 at the Point P(x1, y1): conics.
12306169 y = 1 + x and y = 1 + 4x  x
Also draw the graph of the conics.
Equation of Tangent to a Hyperbola Example 9: 12306179
12306170
Find equations of the common tangent to
Equation of Normal to a Hyperbola x 2 y2 x 2 y2
the two conics + = 1 and  1.
12306171 16 25 25 9
Example 1: 12306172
Find equation of the tangent and normal EXERCISE 6.7
to Q.1 Find equations of the tangent and
(i) y= 4ax normal to each of the following at the
(ii) + = 1 indicated point
(iii)  = 1 (i) y = 4ax at (at, 2at) 12306180
(ii) + = 1 at (a cos , b sin ) 12306181

Theorem: (Board 2009, 10) 12306173 (iii)  = 1 at (a sec , b tan )

To show that a straight line cuts a conic,
in general, in two points and to find the
condition that the line be a tangent to the
conic.
(Board 2007) 12306182
Q.2 Write equation of the tangent to the
given conic at the indicated point.
(i) 3x = –16y at the points whose ordinate
is –3 12306183

Example 4: (ii) 3x  7y =20 at the points where y= 1.

2 2

Find an equation of the tangent to the 12306184

parabola y= 6x which is parallel to the (iii) 3x – 7y + 2x – y – 48 = 0 at the point

line 2x + y + 1 = 0. Also find the point of where x = 4 12306185

tangency. 12306174
Q.3 Find equations of tangents which
passes through the given points to the
given conics.
Example 5:
(i) x + y = 25 through (7, –1) 12306186
Find equations of the tangent to the ellipse
(ii) y = 12x through (1, 4) 12306187
+ =1
(iii) x– 2y = 2 through (1, –2) 12306188
which are parallel to the line 3x + 8y + 1 = 0.
Q.4 Find equations of the normal to the
Also find the points of contact. 12306175
parabola y= 8x which are parallel to the line
2x + 3y = 10. 12306189
Example 6:
Q.5 Find equations of the tangents to the
Show that the product of the distances
ellipse + y= 1 which are parallel to the line
from the foci to any tangent to the
2x – 4y + 5 = 0. 12306190
hyperbola.
Q.6 Find equations of the tangents to the
 = 1 is constant. 12306176
conic 9x2  4y2 = 36 parallel to 5x  2y + 7=0
Example 7:
(Board 2009) 12306191
 Q.7 Find equations of the common tangents Q.3 In each of the following, find an
to the given conics equation of the curve referred to the new
(i) x2 = 80y and x2 + y2 = 81 12306192 axes obtained by rotation of axes about the
(ii) y= 16 x and x = 2y 12306193 origin through the given angle.
Q.8 Find the points of intersection of the (i) x y = 1 ,  = 45o 12306209
given conics. (Board 2017) (ii) 7x – 8xy + y – 9 = 0,  = arctan 2
(i) + = 1 and – = 1 12306194 12306210
(ii) x + y2 = 8 and x2 – y2 = 1 12306195
2
(iii) 9x + 12xy + 4y – x – y = 0,  = arc tan
(iii) 3x2 – 4y2 = 12 and 3y2 – 2x2 = 7 12306211
12306196
(iv) 3x+ 5y = 60 and 9x+ y= 124 (iv) x – 2xy + y – 2 x – 2 y + 2 = 0,
12306197
 = 45o 12306212

(v) 4x + y = 16 and x + y + 2y  8 = 0
12306198 Q.4 Find measure of the angle through
which the axes be rotated so that the
Translation of Axes: 12306199 product term XY is removed from the
transformed equation. Also find the
Rotation of Axes: 12306200 transformed equation.
(i) 2x + 6xy + 10y2 – 11 = 0 12306213
(ii) xy + 4x – 3y – 10 = 0
EXERCISE 6.8 (iii) 5x2 – 6xy + 5y2 – 8 = 0
12306214
12306215
Q.1 Find an equation of each of the
Example: 12306216
following curves with respect to new
parallel axes obtained by shifting the Show that 2 x 2
 xy  5x  2 y  2  0
origin to the indicated point. represents a pair of lines. Also find an
(i) x2 + 16y – 16 = 0, O(0, 1) 12306201 equation of each line.

(ii) 4x + y + 16x – 10y + 37 = 0, O(–2, 5) EXERCISE 6.9

12306202 Q.1 By a rotation of axes, eliminate the
xy-term in each of the following equations.
(iii) 9x + 4y + 18x – 16y – 11 = 0, O(–1, 2) Identify the conic and find its elements:
12306203 (i) 4x– 4xy + y– 6 = 0 12306217
(iv) x – y + 4x + 8y – 11 = 0, O(–2, 4) (ii) 2
x– 2xy + y – 8x – 8y = 0 12306218
12306204
(iii) x + 2xy + y + 2 x – 2 y + 2 = 0
12306219
(v) 9x2 – 4y2 + 36x + 8y – 4 = 0, O(2, 1)
(Board 2008) 12306205 (iv) x + xy + y– 4 = 0 12306220
(v) 7x2 – 6 xy + 13y2 – 16 = 0 12306221
2 2
Q.2 Find coordinates of the new origin (vi) 4x – 4xy + 7y + 12x + 6y – 9 = 0
(axes remaining parallel) so that first 12306222

degree terms are removed from the (vii) xy – 4x – 2y = 0 12306223

transformed equation of each of the (viii) x + 4xy – 2y – 6 = 0 12306224

following. Also find the transformed (ix) x  4xy  2y + 10 x + 4y = 0 12306225

equation.
(i) 3x2 – 2y2 + 24x + 12y + 24 = 0 12306206
Sol: 3x2 – 2y2 + 24x + 12y + 24 = 0 …… (1)
(ii) 25x + 9y + 50x – 36y – 164 = 0 12306207
(iii) x – y – 6x + 2y + 7 = 1 12306208
Q.2 Show that (i) 10 xy + 8x  15y  12 = 0
and (ii) 6x2 + xy  y2  21x  8y + 9 = 0
each represents a pair of straight lines and
find an equation of each line.
Sol:
(i) 10 xy + 8x  15y  12 = 0 12306226
(ii) 6x + xy  y  21x  8y + 9 = 0 12306227
Q.3 Find an equation of the tangent to each of (ii) x2 + 5xy  4y2 + 4 = 0, at y =  1 12306229
the given conics at the indicated point. 12306228 (iii) x2 + 4xy  3y2  5x  9y + 6 = 0 at
(i) 3x2  7y2 + 2x  y  48 = 0 at (4, 1) x=3 12306230
 Multiple Choice Questions
 Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.
Q.1 The curves obtained by cutting a (d) None
double right circular cone by a Q.10 If r is the radius of the circle and its
______ are called conics. 12306231 centre is at origin, then equation of
(a) straight line (b) plane circle is: 12306240
(c) curve (d) None of these (a) x + y = a (b) x+ y=r
Q.2 The two parts of a right circular (c) x  y = a (d) x y=r
cones are called: 12306232 Q.11 If (h, k) and r is the centre and
(a) nappes radius of the circle respectively,
(b) apex of the cone then equation of a circle in
(c) generator standard form is: 12306241

(d) vertex (a) (x + h) + (y + k) = r

Q.3 The fixed point of the conic is (b) (x  h) + (y  k)= r
called: 12306233 (c) (x  h)  (y  k) = r
(a) directrix (b) vertex (d) x + y = r
(c) focus Q.12 Equaion of circle in general form
(d) None of these is:
Q.4 If the cone is cut by a plane (a) (xh)2 + (yk)2 = r2 12306242
perpendicular to the axis of the (b) x2 + y2 = r2
cone, then the section is a\an: 12306234 (c) x2+y2+2gx + 2fy+c = 0
(a) parabola (b) circular cone (d) none of these
(c) ellipse (d) circle Q.13 In equation of circle, coefficient of
Q.5 If the cutting plane is slightly tillted each of x and y are: 12306243
(a) not equal
and cuts only one nappe of the
(b) opposite in signs
cone, then the section is a\an: 12306235
(c) equal (d) None of these
(a) ellipse (b) circular cone Q.14 A chord containing the centre of
(c) circle (d) point circle the circle is called ____ of the circle.
Q.6 If the cutting plane is parallel to the (a) diameter (b) chord 12306244
axis of the cone and intersects both (c) radius (d) None of these
of its nappes, then the section is Q.15 The ratio between the measure of
a\an: 12306236 the radial segment and the
(a) parabola (b) hyperbola diameter of a circle is: 12306245
(c) ellipse (d) None of these (a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 3
Q.7 The set of all points in the plane (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 :
that are equally distant from a Q.16 The distance between the centre of
fixed point is called a\an:(Board 2015,18) a circle and any point of the circle
12306237
(a) circle (b) circular cone is called: 12306246

(c) ellipse (d) point circle (a) Tangents (b) secant

Q.8 If the radius of a circle is zero, then (c) Diameter (d) Radius
the circle is called a\an: 12306238 Q.17 The equation x+ y+ 2x+3y = 10
(a) circle (b) circular cone represents a: 12306247

(c) ellipse (d) point circle (a) a pair of lines

Q.9 The equation of circle with points (b) circle
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as the ends of the (c) ellipse (d) hyperbola
diameter is: 12306239 Q.18 A line segment whose end points lie
(a)  x  x1  x  x 2    y  y1  y  y 2   0 on the circle is called a
(b)  x  x1  y  y1    x  x 2  y  y 2   0 _______ of the circle. 12306248

(c)  x  x1  x  x 2    y  y1  y  y 2   0 (a) radius (b) chord

 (c) diameter Q.27 The radius of the circle
(d) None of these 1
x 2 + y 2 + x + y + = 0 is: 12306257
Q.19 Measure of the central angle of a 4
minor arc is _______ the measure 1 1
of the angle subtended in the (a) (b)
2 4
corresponding major arc. 12306249 1 1
(a) equal (b) double (c) (d)
8 6
(c) not equal to
(d) triple Q.28 The radius of point circle is: 12306258
Q.20 Centre of circle (Board 2013) (a) 0 (b)  0, 0 
2 2
4x + 4y - 8x + 16y - 25 = 0 : 12306250 (c) r (d) 1
Q.29 If r is the radius of any circle and c
 3   3 
(a) 1,  (b)  ,1 its centre, then any point P(x , y)
 2   2  lies on the circle only if: 12306259
(c) 1, 2  (d) 1, 2  (a) CP < r (b) CP > r
Q.21 The centre of circle (c) CP = r (d) None of these
(x+3)2 + (y–2)2 = 16 equals: Q.30 If a point lies inside a circle, then its
(Board 2014) 12306251 distance from the centre is:
(a) (–3, 2) (b) (3, –2) 12306260

(c) (3, 2) (d) (–3, –2) (a) Equal to the radius

Q.22 The centre of the circle (b) Less than the radius
x 2 + y 2 - x - 4y + 5 = 0 is: 12306252 (c) Greater than the radius
(d) Equal to or greater than the
 1 
(a)  1,  4  (b)  ,  2  Q.31 The point (x , y) lies on the circle
 2  x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 only if:
1 
(d)  1, 4 
12306261
(c)  ,2 (a) x+y +2g x+2f y + c = 0
2 
Q.23 If equation of circle is (x  h) + (b) x+y+2g x + 2f y + c > 0
(y  k) = r, then centre of a circle (c) x+y+2g x + 2f y + c < 0
is: 12306253
(d) None of these
(a) ( h,  k) (b) (h, k) Q.32 If r is the radius of any circle and c
(c) ( h, k) (d) (h,  k) its centre, then any point P(x , y)
Q.24 The centre of circle x + y + 2gx lies outside the circle only if: 12306262
+ 2fy + c = 0 is: (Board 2018) 12306254 (a) CP < r (b) CP = r
(a) ( g,  f) (b) ( f,  g) (c) CP > r (d) None of these
(c) (0 , 0) (d)  g , f 
Q.33 The point (x, y) lies outside the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 only if:
Q.25 The radius of circle x + y + 2gx 12306263
+ 2fy + c = 0 is: 12306255 (a) x + y+2g x+2f y + c < 0
(a) g  f  c (b)
2 2
g2  f 2  c (b) x + y+2g x+2f y + c > 0
(c) x+y+2g x + 2f y + c = 0
(c) g 2  f 2  c (d) g  f c (d) None of these
Q.26 The radius of circle Q.34 The point (x, y) lies inside the
x2 + y2 + ax + by + c = 0 is: circle x + y+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 only
12306256 if: 12306264
(a) a 2  b 2  c (b) a 2  b2  c (a) x+y+2g x + 2f y + c = 0
(b) x + y + 2g x+2f y+c > 0
(c) a 2  b 2  4c (d) None (c) x + y+2g x+2f y + c < 0
 (d) None of these c to be a tangent to the circle x +
Q.35 Point p (5,6) lies….. the circle y = a is c = __________. 12306274
x2+y2+4x6y  12 = 0 12306265 (a)  a (b)  a
(a) outside (b) in side (c)  a (d)  a
(c) on (d) none Q.45 Two arcs of two different circles are
Q.36 Point (5,6) lies…the circle x2+y2= 81 congruent if: 12306275
(a) out side (b) in side (a) The circles are congruent
12306266 (b) The corresponding central angle
(c) on (d) none of these are congruent
Q.37 A line that touches the curve (c) Both a and b
without cutting through it is called: (d) None of the above
(a) straight line 12306267 Q.46 If a circle and a line intersect in two
(b) tangent line points, then the line is called: 12306276
(c) normal line (a) A chord (b) A secant
(d) vertical line (c) A diameter
Q.38 A line perpendicular to a radial (d) None of the above
chord of a circle at the end-point Q.47 Perpendicular dropped from the
(which lies on the circle) is a: 12306268 centre of a circle on a chord
(a) Secant (b) Diameter ________ the chord. 12306277
(c) Chord (d) Tangent (a) normal (b) bisects
Q.39 A line segment having both the end- (c) equal to (d) None of these
points on a circle and not passing Q.48 Two imaginary tangents can be
through the centre is called a:12306269 drawn to a circle from any point
(a) A chord (b) A secant P(x, y) _____the circle. 12306278
(c) A diameter (a) inside (Board 2017)
(d) None of the above (b) on
Q.40 A line through a point say P (c) outside
perpendicular to the tangent to the (d) None of these
curve at P is called: 12306270 Q.49 An angle in a semi-circle is: 12306279
(a) straight line (b) tangent line (a) 0 (b) 90
o
(c) normal line (d) None of these (c) 180 (d) 60
Q.50 Two real and distinct tangents can
Q.41 A circle is of radius 5 cm, the be drawn to a circle from any point
distance of a chord 8 cm long from P(x, y) ---------- the circle. 12306280
its centre is: 12306271 (a) inside (b) on
(a) 4 cm (b) 3 cm (c) outside (d) None of these
(c) 2.5 cm (d) 3.5 cm Q.51 Length of tangent from (0,1) to x2+
Q.42 One of the angles of a triangle y2 +6x – 3y + 3 = 0 is: 12306281
inscribed in a circle is of 40. If (a) 2 (b) 3 (Board 2015)
one of it’s the diameter, the other (c) 4 (d) 1
angles have the measures: 12306272 Q.52 Length of tangent from (a,0) to the
(a) 30, 110 (b) 40, 100 circle x2+y2+2g x+2fy+c = 0 is:
(c) 50, 90 (d) 20, 120
(a) g 2  f 2  c (b) c 12306282
Q.43 Two circles of radius 3 cm and 4 cm
touch each other externally. The (c) 2g+2fc (d) none
distance between their centres is: Q.53 The length of tangent from (1,0) to
(a) 1 cm (b) 4 cm 12306273 the circle x2+y2+2 xy+4 = 0 is:
(c) 5 cm (d) 7 cm (a) 0 (b) 4 12306283
Q.44 The condition for the line y = mx + (c) 7 (d) 7
Q.54 y = 4ax, is the standard equation 1 1 1 1
of the: 12306284
(a)  2 , 2  (b) 4,2
 
(a) ellipse (b) parabola 1 1  1 1 
(c) hyperbola (c)  2 , 4  (d)  2 , 2 
 
(d) None of these Q.64 The graph of the parabola x = 4ay
Q.55 If the focus lies on the x-axis with lies in quadrants: 12306294
coordinates F(a, 0) and directrix of (a) I and II (b) III and IV
the parabola is x =  a, then the (c) II and III (d) I and III
equation of parabola is: 12306285 Q.65 The parabola y = 4ax lies in
(a) x = 4ay (b) y = 4ax quadrants: 12306295
(c) x =  4ay (d) y =  4ax (a) I and II (b) III and IV
Q.56 The conic is a parabola, if: 12306286 (c) II and III (d) I and IV
(a) e = 1 (b) e > 1 Q.66 The graph of the parabola
(c) 0 < e < 1 (d) e = 0 x =  4ay lies in quadrants: 12306296
Q.57 The directrix of the parabola (a) I and II (b) III and IV
x = 4ay is: 12306287
(c) II and III (d) I and IV
(a) x = a (b) x =  a Q.67 The graph of the parabola
(c) y = a (d) y =  a y =  4ax lies in quadrants: 12306297
Q.58 If the focus lies on the y-axis with (a) I and II (b) III and IV
coordinates F(0, a) and directrix of (c) II and III (d) I and IV
the parabola is y =  a, then the
equation of parabola is: 12306288 Q.68 If the equation of the parabola is to
(a) x = 4ay (b) y = 4ax y = 4ax, then opening of the
(c) y =  4ax (d) x =  4ay parabola is to the right of the:
Q.59 The number e denotes the _____ of 12306298
the conic. 12306289 (a) x-axis (b) y = x
(a) directrix (c) y-axis (d) x  y  0
(b) vertex Q.69 If the equation of the parabola is to
(c) focus x = 4ay, then opening of the
(d) eccentricity parabola is to _______ of the x-axis.
Q.60 A line segment joining two distinct
12306299
points on a parabola is called a (a) left (b) upward
______ of the parabola. 12306290 (c) right (d) downward
(a) chord (b) vertex Q.70 The opening of the parabola
(c) focus (d) directrix y = 4ax is to the ________ of the
Q.61 A chord passing through the focus y-axis. 12306300
of a parabola is called a ______ of (a) left (b) upward
the parabola. 12306291
(c) right (d) downward
(a) directrix (b) latus rectum Q.71 The opening of the parabola
(c) focus (d) focal chord x = 4ay is upward of the: 12306301
Q.62 If the focus lies on the x-axis with (a) x-axis (b) y = c
coordinates F( a, 0) and directrix (c) y-axis (d) x = y
of the parabola is x = a, then the Q.72 The opening of the parabola
equation of the parabola is: y = – 4ax is to the left of the: 12306302
12306292
(a) x-axis (b) x = 1
(a) x = 4ay (b) y = 4ax (c) y-axis (d) x = 0
(c) x =  4ay (d) y =  4ax Q.73 The opening of the parabola
Q.63 The parabola x2 = y passes through x = 16y is to ________ of the x- axis.
point: (Board 2015) 12306293
 12306303 Q.85 The directrix of the parabola
(a) left (b) upward x = 4ay is: 12306315
(c) right (d) downward (a) x = a (b) x =  a
Q.74 If the equation of the parabola is to (c) y = a (d) y =  a
y =  4ax, then opening of the Q.86 The directrix of the parabola
parabola is to the ____ of the y-axis. x =  4ay is: 12306316

12306304 (a) x = a (b) x =  a

(a) left (b) upward (c) y = a (d) y =  a
(c) right (d) downward Q.87 The directrix of the parabola
Q.75 If the equation of the parabola is to y = 4ax is: 12306317
x = 4ay, then opening of the (a) x = a (b) x =  a
parabola is to upward of the: 12306305 (c) y = a (d) y =  a
(a) x-axis (b) major axis
(c) y-axis (d) minor axis Q.88 The vertex of the parabola
Q.76 The graph of the parabola x =  4ay is: 12306318
y =  4ax is symmetric about: (a) ( a, 0) (b) (0, 0)
(a) x-axis (b) y = x 12306306 (c) (0,  a) (d) (0, a)
(c) y-axis (d) None of these Q.89 The vertex of the parabola
Q.77 The graph of the parabola
y = 4ax is: 12306319
x =  4ay symmetric about: 12306307
(a) ( a, 0) (b) (a, 0)
(a) x-axis (b) major axis
(c) y-axis (d) minor axis (c) (0,  a) (d) (0, 0)
Q.78 The graph of the parabola Q.90 The point where the axis meets the
y = 4ax symmetric about: 12306308 parabola is called _______ of the
(a) x-axis (b) major axis parabola. 12306320

(c) y-axis (d) minor axis (a) directrix (b) vertex

Q.79 The graph of the parabola x = 4ay (c) focus (d) eccentricity
symmetric about: 12306309 Q.91 The vertex of the parabola
(a) x-axis (b) y = x y =  4ax is: 12306321
(c) y-axis (d) None of these (a) ( a, 0) (b) (a, 0)
Q.80 The focus of the parabola y= 4ax (c) (0,  a) (d) (0, 0)
is: 12306310 Q.92 The point of a parabola which is
(a) ( a, 0) (b) (0, a) closest to the focus is the: 12306322
(c) (0,  a) (d) (a, 0) (a) directrix (b) vertex
Q.81 The focus of the parabola y=  4ax (c) focus (d) chord
is: 12306311 Q.93 The vertex of the parabola
(a) ( a, 0) (b) (a, 0) x = 4ay is: 12306323
(c) (0,  a) (d) (0, 0) (a) ( a, 0) (b) (0, a)
Q.82 The focus of the parabola (c) (0,  a) (d) (0, 0)
x = 4ay is: 12306312 Q.94 The vertex of parabola
(a) ( a, 0) (b) (0, 0) (x – 1)2 = 8(y +2) is:(Board 2014) 12306324
(c) (0,  a) (d) (0, a) (a) (1, – 2) (b) (0, 1)
Q.83 The focus of the parabola x = 4ay (c) (–1, –2) (d) (1, 2)
is: 12306313 Q.95 The axis of the parabola x = 4ay
(a) ( a, 0) (b) (a, 0) is: 12306325

(c) (0,  a) (d) (0, a) (a) x = 0 (b) x =  a

Q.84 The eqn. of directrix of the (c) y = 0 (d) y =  a
parabola y=4ax is: 12306314 Q.96 The axis of the parabola y= 4ax
(a) x = a (b) x =  a is: 12306326
(c) y = a (d) y =  a (a) x = a (b) x = 0
 (c) y = a (d) y = 0 (c) focus (d) eccentricity
Q.97 The axis of the parabola y = 4ax Q.108 The conic is an ellipse, if: 12306338
is: 12306327 (a) e = 1 (b) e >1
(a) x = 0 (b) x = a (c) 0 < e < 1 (d) e = 0
(c) y = 0 (d) y = a
Q.98 The axis of the parabola x =  4ay
is: 12306328 Q.109 The equation 2x+ 3y= 36
(a) x = a (b) x = 0 represents: 12306339
(c) y = a (d) y = 0 (a) a circle (b) a parabola
Q.99 Equation of axis of the parabola (c) an ellipse (d) a hyperbola.
x = 4ay is (Board 2015) 12306329 Q.110 + = 1 is an equation of the
(a) x = 0 (b) x = a ________ in standard form. 12306340
(c) y = 0 (d) y = a (a) ellipse (b) parabola
Q.100 The equ. of latus-rectum of the (c) hyperbola (d) None of these
parabola y =  4ax is: 12306330 Q.111 The equation of the ellipse whose
(a) x = a (b) x =  a foci are (0,  4) and the length of
(c) y = a (d) y =  a minor axis 6 units is: 12306341
Q.101 The coordinates of the end points of (a) + = 1
the latus-rectum of the parabola (b) + = 1
y = 4ax are (a, 2a) and ____.12306331 (c) + = 1
(a) ( a,  2a) (b) (a, 2a) (d) None of these.
(c) (a,  2a) (d) ( a, 2a) Q.112 The equation of an ellipse whose
Q.102 The length of the latus rectum of foci are (2,0) and the eccentricity
the parabola y = 4ax is: 12306332 is is: 12306342

(a) a (b) 4a (a) + = (b) + = 1

(c) 2a (d) None of these (c) + = 1(d) None of these.
Q.103 The equation of the latus-rectum of Q.113 The length of major axis of the
the parabola y = 4ax is: 12306333 ellipse + = 1, a > b is: 12306343
(a) x = a (b) x =  a (a) 4a (b) 2a
(c) y = a (d) y =  a (c) 4b (d) 2b
Q.104 The equ of latus-rectum of the Q.114 The major axis of the ellipse
parabola x =  4ay is: 12306334 + = 1, a > b is: 12306344

(a) x = a (b) x =  a (a) x = 0 (b) x =  a

(c) y = a (d) y =  a (c) y = 0 (d) y =  a
Q.105 The focal chord perpendicular to Q.115 The length of minor axis of the
the axis of the parabola is called ellipse + = 1, a > b is: 12306345
(a) a (b) 2a
__________ of the parabola.
(c) b (d) 2b
(Board 2018) 12306335
(a) directrix (b) latus rectum
Q.116 Eccentricity of the ellipse
(c) focus (d) focal chord
Q.106 The equation of the latus-rectum of + = 1, a > b is: 12306346

the parabola x = 4ay is: (a) e > 1 (b) e < 1

(Board 2018) 12306336 (c) e = 0 (d) None of these
(a) y = a (b) y =  a Q.117 The eccentricity of the ellipse
(c) x = a (d) x =  a + = 1, a > b is:(Board 2018)
Q.107 The number e denotes the ________ 12306347
of the conic. 12306337 (a) e = > 1 (b) e= <1
(a) directrix (b) vertex (c) e =  (d) None of these
Q.118 In case of ellipse + = 1: + = 1, a > b are: 12306357
12306348 (a) (0,  c) (b) ( c, 0)
(a) ae  (b) ae  (c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a)
(c) ae = (d) 1  e 0 x 2
y2
Q.119 The eccentricity of the ellipse Q.128 Foci of ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 lie on the:
a b
+ = 1 if its latus-rectum be 12306358
equal to one half of its major axis (a) x-axis (b) major axis
is: 12306349 (c) y-axis (d) minor axis
(a) (b)
(c) (d) 3 x2 y 2
Q.120 In equation of ellipse + = 1, Q.129 Foci of ellipse 16 + 12 = 1 are:
if a > b, then c = ----------. 12306350 (Board 2013) 12306359
(a) a + b (b) b  a (a)  1, 0 
(c) a  b (d) b  a
(b)  0, 1
Q.121 In equation of ellipse + = 1, if
a > b, then c = ----------. 12306351
(c)  2, 0 
(a) a  b (b) b  a (d)  0, 2 
(c) a + b (d) None of these Q.130 The sum of the focal distances of a
point on an ellipse + =1,ab 0
x2 y 2 is: 12306359
Q.122 For an ellipse + = 1 which is (a) 2a + 2b (b) 2a
a2 b2 (c) 2b (d) a + b
true: 12306352 Q.131 The sum of the focal distances of a
(a) a  b 1  e 
2 2 2
point on an ellipse + = 1, a  b  0
(b) b2  a 2 is equal to: 12306360
(a) length of minor axis
(c) b 2  a 2 1  e 2  (b) length of major axis
(d) b 2  a 2 1  e 2  (c) 2a + 2b
(d) a + b
Q.123 The centre of the ellipse + = 1, Q.132 The vertices of the ellipse
a > b is: 12306353 + = 1, a > b are: 12306361
(a) (a, 0) (b) ( b, 0) (a) (0,  b) (b) ( b, 0)
(c) (0, 0) (d) (0,  a) (c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a)
 x - 1
2
y - 2 = 1
2 x2 y 2
Q.124 Centre of ellipse + Q.133 Vertices of the ellipse b 2  a 2 =1,
16 9
is: 12306354
a>b are are: 12306362
(a) (0, + b) (b) ( + b, 0)
(a) (4, 3) (b) (3, 4)
(c) ( + a, 0) (d) (0, + a)
(c) (1, 2) (d) (2, 1) Q.134 The covertices of the ellipse
Q.125 The centre of the ellipse + = 1, a > b are: 12306363
+ = 1, a > b is: 12306355 (a) ( b, 0) (b) (0,  b)
(a) (0, 0) (b) ( c, 0) (c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a)
(c) (a, 0) (d) (0, a) Q.135 The covertices of the ellipse
Q.126 The foci of the ellipse x2 y 2
 = 1 are: 12306364
+ = 1, a > b is: 12306356 b2 a 2
(a) (0,  c) (b) ( c, 0) (a) ( b, 0)
(c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a) (b) (0,  b)
Q.127 The foci of the ellipse (c) ( a, 0)
 (d) (0,  a) (a) (b) 2a
Q.136 The line segment between the (c) (d) 2b
covertices of an ellipse is called: Q.144 _______ is a tangent to y = 4ax for
12306365 all non-zero values of m. 12306373
(a) minor axis a
(b) major axis (a) y = mx +
m
(c) transverse axis a
(d) principal axis (b) y =  mx 
m
Q.137 The directrics of the ellipse
(c) y = mx am2
+ = 1, a > b are: 12306366
(d) y  ax  m
(a) x =  (b) x =  Q.145 Equation of tangent to x2 = 4ay is:
(c) y =  (d) y =  (a) y = mx am2 12306374
Q.138 The directrics of the ellipse
(b) y =  mx +
+ = 1, a > b is: 12306367
(c) y = mx +
(a) x =  (b) x =  a
(c) y =  (d) y =  (d) y  mx 
m
Q.139 Equation of tangent to the ellipse
+ = 1 at the point (x1, y1) is
given by: 12306368
Q.146  = 1 is the standard equation
(a) + =1
of the: 12306375
(b) + =1
(a) ellipse (b) parabola
(c) + =0 (c) hyperbola (d) None of these
x12 y12 Q.147 In case of hyperbola  = 1
(d)  1
a 2 b2 12306376

Q.140 ______ are tangents to + = 1 for (a) ae  (b) ae 

all values of m is: 12306369
(c) ae = (d) e  1
Q.148 The eccentricity of the hyperbola
(Board 2018)
 = 1 is: 12306377
(a) y = mx 
(a) e = > 1 (b) e = < 1
(b) y = mx  (c) e =  (d) None of these
(c) y = mx  Q.149 The eccentricity of the hyperbola
(d) y= x  = 1 is: (Board 2016) 12306378
x2 y 2 (a) e > 1 (b) e < 1
Q.141 ____ are tangent to  1 = 1
b2 a 2 (c) e = 1 (d) e = 0
for all values of m is. 12306370 y2 2
(a) y = mx  Q.150 The eccentricity of 4 - x = 1 equals:
(b) y = mx  (Board 2014) 12306379
(c) y = mx  2 2

(d) y = mx  b 2 m 2  a 2 (a) 5 (b) 5
Q.142 The line y = x + touches the ellipse 5 5
(c) (d) 
+ = 1, then: 12306371 2 2
(a) c =  10 Q.151 In equation of the hyperbola
(b) c =  12  = 1, c = _______ 12306380
(c) c =  13 (a) a + b (b) b  a
(d) None of these. (c) a  b (d) b  a
Q.143 The length of latus-rectum of the Q.152 In equation of the hyperbola
ellipse + = 1, a > b is equivalent  = 1 which is true: 12306381
to: (Board 2016,17) 12306372 (a) b = a (1e2)
 (b) b = a (e21) x2 y 2
(c) b = a (e2+1) - =1. 12306391
a2 b2
(d) a  b
2 2

(a) x =  y (b) y =  x
Q.153 The centre of the hyperbola
 = 1 is: 12306382
(c) y =  x (d) None
(a) (0, 0) (b) ( c, 0) Q.163 The lines ___ are called asymptotes
(c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a) y 2 x2
of the hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1 .12306392
 x  1  y  4 
2 2
a b
Q.154 Centre of  =1 is:
25 16 (a) x =  y (b) y =  x
(a) (5, 4) (b) (4, 5) 12306383 (c) y =  x (d) None
(c) (1, 4) (d) (1,4) Q.164 Asymptotes are very helpful in
Q.155 Foci of any hyperbola always lie on: graphing: 12306393
12306384
(a) Circle (b) Parabola
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis
(c) Ellipse (d) Hyperbola
(c) conjugate-axis
(d) transverse-axis Q.165 The transverse axis of the
Q.156 The foci of the hyperbola hyperbola  = 1 is: 12306394
 = 1 are: 12306385 (a) x = 0 (b) x = a
(a) (0,  c) (b) ( c, 0) (c) y = 0 (d) y =  a
(c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a) Q.166 _____ are tangents to  =1 for
Q.157 The distance between foci of all values of m. 12306395
 = 1 is: 12306386
(a) y = mx 
(a) 2a (b) 2c
(c) 2b (d) none (b) y = mx 
Q.158 The distance between the vertices of (c) y = mx 
 = 1 are: 12306387
(d) y  x  a 2m2  b2
(a) 2a (b) 2b
(c) 2c (d) none y 2 x2
Q.167 _____ are tangents to - =1
Q.159 The vertices of the hyperbola a2 b2
 = 1 is: 12306388 are: 12306396
(a) (0, 0) (b) ( c, 0) (a) y = mx 
(c) ( a, 0) (d) (0,  a) (b) y = mx 
Q.160 The directrics of the hyperbola
 = 1 are: 12306389
(c) y = mx  m 2 b 2  a 2
(a) y =  (b) x =  (d) y  ax  b
(c) y =  (d) x =  Q.168 In the case of translation of axes
which formula is true: 12306397

(a) x = Xh (b) x=X+h

Q.161 The directrices of the hyperbola (c) x+X=h (d) None
y 2 x2 Q.169 In the case of rotation of axes which
- = 1 are: 12306390
a2 b2 formula is true: 12306398

(a) y =  (b) x =  (a) x = X cos Y sin

(c) y =  (d) x =  (b) x = Xcos +Ysin
Q.162 The lines -------------- are called (c) x= Xsin Y cos
asymptotes of the hyperbola (d) x = X sin +Ycos
Q.170 In the case of rotation of axes which
formula is true: 12306399
 (a) X = x cos + y sin Q.177 ax + by + 2hxy+2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(b) X = xcos  y sin is a ellipse if: 12306406

(c) X = y cos + x sin (a) h  ab = 0 (b) h  ab < 0

(d) X = y cos  xsin (c) h  ab  0 (d) h  ab > 0
Q.178 ax + by + 2hxy+2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Q.171 The general equation of second
is a parabola if: 12306407
degree Ax + By + Gx + Fy + c = 0 is
(a) h  ab = 0 (b) h  ab < 0
a\an ______ if A  B and both are (c) h  ab  0 (d) h  ab > 0
of the same signs. 12306400 Q.179 The axes are rotated about the
(a) parabola (b) ellipse origin through an angle  of
(c) hyperbola (d) circle ax+by+2hxy+2gx+2fy+c= 0 is given
Q.172 The general equation of second by___, where 0 <  < 90.
degree Ax+ By+ Gx + Fy + c = 0 (a) tan 2 = 12306408
is a\an ______ if A  B and both are (b) tan 2 =
of opposite signs. 12306401 (c) tan 2 = (d)None of these
(a) ellipse (b) parabola Q.180 The general equation of second
(c) hyperbola (d) circle degree ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy
+ c = 0 represents a pair of straight
Q.173 The general equation of second lines if: 12306409
degree Ax+ By+ Gx + Fy + c = 0 a b c a h g
h g f h b f
is a\an _____ if A = B  0. 12306402 (a) =0 (b) =0
g f c g f c
(a) circle (b) parabola a g f
(c) hyperbola (d) ellipse g b h
(c) f h c =0 (d) none of these
Q.174 The general equation of second Q.181 Centre of the circle
degree Ax + By + Gx + Fy + c = 0 ( x  1) 2  ( y  3) 2  3 is :(Board 2016)
is a\an ____ if either A = 0 or B = 0. 12306410
(a) (  1 ,  3)
12306403
(b) (  1 , 3)
(a) ellipse (b) parabola
(c) ( 1 , 3)
(c) hyperbola (d) circle
Q.175 The general equation of second (d) ( 1 ,  3)
degree ax + by + 2hxy + 2gx +
2fy+c = 0 is a circle, if: 12306404
Q.182 The line y = mx + c , will be tangent
(a) h  ab = 0 (b) h  ab  0
to the parabola y = 4ax if: 12306411
(c) h  ab < 0 (d) h  ab > 0 (Board 2016)
Q.176 The general equation of second a
c   am 2 c
degree ax + by + 2hxy+2gx + 2fy (a) (b) m
m
c  a 1  m 2 
+ c = 0 is a hyperbola if: 12306405
c
(a) h  ab = 0 (b) h  ab < 0 (c) (d) a
(c) h  ab  0 (d) h  ab > 0
 Short Answer Questions ONS & ANSWRS
Q.1 Give original definition of conics.
12306412
Q.2 Define conics in terms of
eccentricity, focus, and directrix. 12306413
Q.3 Define conics. 12306414
Q.4 Define vertex of the cone. 12306415
Q.5 Define circle as plane section of a
cone. 12306416
Q.6 Define parabola as plane section of
a cone. 12306417
Q.7 Define ellipse as plane section of a
cone. 12306418
Q.8 Define hyperbola as plane section of
a cone. 12306419
Q.9 Give definition of parabola. 12306420
Q.10 Define latus rectum of the
parabola.
12306421
Q.11 Define the axis of the cone. 12306422
Q.12 Define translation of axes. 12306423
Q.13 Define radius of the circle. 12306424
Q.14 Define point circle.(Board 2012) 12306425
Q.15 Define nappes. 12306426
Q.16 In cone how the section of a circle is
obtained. 12306427
Q.17 In cone how the section of an ellipse
is obtained. 12306428
Q.18 Write a standard form of circle.
12306429
Q.19 Define a diameter of the circle.
(Board 2012) 12306430
Q.20 Write a general form of circle.
(Board 2012) 12306431
Q.21 Give definition of a circle. 12306432
(Board 2012)
Q.22 Define centre of the circle. 12306433
Q.23 Write the conditions that the point
P(x, y) lies inside, on and outside the circle
x + y+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. 12306434
Q.24 Define a chord of the circle.
12306435
(Board 2012)
Q.25 Find the centre and radius of the
circle. x 2  y 2  6x  4y  13  0 (Board 2011)
12306436
Q.26 Find the equation of circle with
ends of a diameter at (3, 2), (5, 6).
12306437
Q.27 Find the centre and radius of the
circle x 2 + y 2 + 12x -10y = 0 .(Board 2010) 12306438
Q.28 Derive the equation of circle in
standard form. (Board 2011) 12306439
Q.29 Write an equation of the circle with
centre (3, 5) and radius 7. 12306440
Q.30 Show that the equations 5x+ 5y
+ 24x + 36y + 10 = 0 represents a circle.
Also find its centre and radius. 12306441
Q.31 Determine whether the point
P(5, 6) lies outside, on or inside the circle
x+y+4x6y12=0 12306442
Q.32 Check the position of the point
(5, 6) w.r.t. the circle x2 + y2 = 81. 12306443
Q.33 Find the equation of the tangent
and normal at (4, 3) to the circle
2 2
x + y = 25 (Board 2010) 12306444
Q.34 Check the position of the point
(5,6) w.r.t the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 12x - 8y + 1 = 0
(Board 2012) 12306445
Q.35 Find the length of the tangent
drawn from the point (–5, 4) to the circle
5x 2 + 5y 2 - 10x + 15y - 131 = 0 .
(Board 2007) 12306446
Q.36 Find the co-ordinates of points of
intersection of the line 2x + y = 5 and the
circle x2+ y2+2x9=0. Also find the length
of the intercepted chord. 12306447
Q.37 Find the length of the tangent from
the point P(5,10) to the circle 5x+ 5y +
14x + 12y  10 = 0 (Board 2009) 12306448
Q.38 Prove that the normal of the circle
passes through the centre of circle. 12306449
Q.39 Tangents are drawn from ( 3, 4) to
the circle x+ y= 21. Find an equation of the
line joining the points of contact.
12306450
Q.40 Prove that the tangent to a circle at
any point of the circle is perpendicular to
the radial segment at that point. 12306451
Q.41 Find the equation of parabola
having focus at (a, 0) and directrix x+a=0
(Board 2010) 12306452
Q.42 Define a focal chord of the
parabola. (Board 2017) 12306453
Q.43 In cone how the section of a
parabola is obtained. 12306454
Q.44 Define a chord of the parabola.
 12306455 Q.63 Find the equation of the parabola
Q.45 Define axis of the parabola. having its focus at the origin and directrix
12306456 is parallel to y – axis. 12306474
Q.46 Define vertex of the parabola. Q.64 Show that the ordinate at any point
12306457 P of the parabola is the mean proportional
Q.47 Write an equation of the parabola between the length of the latus rectum and
with given elements: Focus (2, 5); directrix the abscissa of P. 12306475
y = 1. 12306458 Q.65 Find an equation of the parabola
Q.48 Write equations of the tangent and formed by the cables of a suspension
normal to the parabola 12306459 bridge whose span is a m and the vertical
x= 16y at the point whose abscissa is 8. height of the supporting towers is b m.
12306476
Q.49 Analyze the parabola x=  16y
Q.66 A suspension bridge with weight
12306460
uniformly distributed along the length has
Q.50 Find an equation of the parabola two towers of 100 m height above the road
whose focus is F( 3, 4) and directrix is surface and are 400 m apart. The cables
3x  4y + 5 = 0. 12306461 are parabolic in shape and are tangent to
Q.51 Discuss and sketch the graph of the road surface at the centre of the bridge.
parabola: y= – 12 x 12306462 Find the height of the cables at a point 100
Q.52 Discuss and sketch the graph of the m from the centre. 12306477
parabola: y= 8 x (Board 2012, 16) 12306463
Q.53 Discuss and sketch the graph of the
parabola: x =  4y 12306464
Q.54 Discuss and sketch the graph of the
parabola: x= 5 y (Board 2011, 12) 12306465
Q.55 Write an equation of the parabola
with given elements: Focus ( – 3, 1);
directrix x = 3 12306466
Q.67 Show that the point of parabola which
Q.56 Write an equation of the parabola
is closest to the focus is the vertex. 12306478
with given elements: Focus (– 3, 1) ;
Q.68 Give definition of an ellipse. 12306479
directrix x – 2 y – 3 = 0 12306467
Q.69 Find an equation for the ellipse
Q.57 Write an equation of the parabola
with given data: Foci (0, – 1) and (0, – 5)
with given elements.
and major axis of length 6 12306480
Focus (1, 2), vertex (3, 2) (Board 2008) 12306468
Q.70 Find an equation for the ellipse
Q.58 Write an equation of the parabola
with given data: Vertices (0,  5),
with given elements: (Board 2018)
eccentricity = (Board 2012) 12306481
Focus (1, 0), vertex (1, 2) 12306469
Q.71 Find an equation for the ellipse
Q.59 Write an equation of the parabola
with given data: Centre (0,0), focus (0,–3),
with given elements. 12306470
vertex (0, 4) (Board 2011,18) 12306482
Directrix x =  2, focus (2, 2) Q.72 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
Q.60 Write an equation of the parabola vertices and directrices of the ellipse whose
with given elements: Directrix y = 3, vertex equation is x + 4y = 16 12306483
(2, 2) 12306471 x= = =
Q.61 Write an equation of the parabola Q.73 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
with given elements: Directrix y = 1, length vertices and directrices of the ellipse
of latus-rectum is 8. Opens downward. whose equation is 9x+ y = 18 12306484
12306472 (Board 2011)
Q.62 Find the equation of the parabola Q.74 Prove that the latus rectum of the
having its focus at the origin and directrix ellipse + = 1, is 12306485
is parallel to x-axis. 12306473 Q.75 The major axis of an ellipse in
standard form lies along the
x-axis and has length 4. The distance
between the foci equals the length of the
minor axis. Write an equation of the
ellipse. 12306486
Q.76 Show that the equation 9x2 – 18x + 4y2
+ 8y – 23 = 0 represents an ellipse. 12306487
Q.77 An arch in the form of half an
ellipse is 40 m wide and 15 m high at the
centre. Find the height of the arch at a
distance of 10 m from its centre. 12306488
Q.78 Analyze the equation 4x+9y= 36
12306489
Q.79 Find an equation for the ellipse
with given data. 12306490
Foci ( 3 , 0) and minor axis of length 10 .
Q.80 Find an equation for the ellipse with
foci (± 3 , 0) and vertices ( 6, 0). 12306491
Q.81 In cone how the section of a
hyperbola is obtained. 12306492
Q.82 Give definition of a hyperbola.
(Board 2011) 12306493
Q.83 Find an equation of the hyperbola
with the given data. Centre (0, 0), focus
(6, 0) , vertex (4, 0) 12306494
Q.84 Find an equation of the hyperbola
with the given data. (Board 2012)
12306495
Foci ( 5, 0) , Vertex (3, 0)
Q.85 Find equation of tangent which
passes through the given point to the given
conic. x– 2y=2 through (1,– 2)
12806296
Q.86 Find the eccentricity, the
coordinates of the vertices and foci of the
asymptotes of the hyperbola  = 1
(Board 2010)12806297
Q.87 Find equations of tangents which
pass through the given point to the given
conic. x+ y = 25 through (7, – 1) 12306498
Q.88 Discuss the equation
25x16y= 400 12306499
Q.89 Find an equation of the hyperbola
with the given data.
Foci (2  5,  7), length of the transverse
axis 10 2 . 12306500
Q.90 Find an equation of the hyperbola
with the given data. 12306501
Foci (0,  9) , directrices y =  4
Q.91 Find an equation of the hyperbola
whose foci are ( 4, 0) and vertices (2,0).
(Board 2011) 12306502
Q.92 Define asymptote. 12306503
Q.93 What are asymptotes of hyperbola
 = 1. 12306504
Q.94 Show that the equation
4x 8x  y 2y  1 = 0 represents a
hyperbola. 12306505
Q.95 Find the equation of the hyperbola
referred to its axes as the axes of
coordinates and the distance between
whose foci is 16 and whose eccentricity is .
12306506
Q.96 Find an equation of the hyperbola
with foci (0,  6), vertex (0, 3). 12306507
Q.97 Find an equation of the hyperbola
with centre (2, 2), horizontal transverse
axis of length 6 and eccentricity e = 2.
(Board 2011) 12306508
Q.98 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
vertices and directrices of the ellipse whose
equation is x– y= 9 12306509
Q.99 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
vertices and directrices of the hyperbola
whose equation is – = 1 12306510
Q.100 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
vertices and directrices of the hyperbola
whose equation is – = 1 12306511
Q.101 Find the centre, foci, eccentricity,
vertices and directrices of the ellipse whose
equation is – x= 1 12306512
Q.102 Define slope of a tangent line to a
curve. 12306513
Q.103 Define a normal line to a curve.
12306514
Q.104 Define a tangent line to a curve. 12306515
Q.105 Show that 2x  xy + 5x 2y+ 2 = 0
represent a pair of lines. 12306516
Q.106 Write equations of the tangent and
normal to the conic + = 1 at the point .
12306517
Q.107 Find the points of intersection of
the ellipse + = 1 and the hyperbola  =
1. 12306518
Q.108 Find equations of the tangents of
the ellipse + = 1 which are parallel to the
line 3x + 8y + 1 = 0. 12306519
Q.109 Find equations of the common
tangents to the two conic + = 1 and
 + =1 12306520
Q.110 Transform the equation
x + 6x  8y + 17 = 0. Referred to O( 3, 1)
as origin, axes remaining parallel to the
old axes. 12306521
Q.111 Write equations of the tangent and
the normal to the curve y = f(x) at a given
point (x, y). 12306522

Q.112 Write equation of the tangent to the

curve whose parametric equations are
x = (t) and y = f(t) at the point t. 12306523
Q.113 Write about translation of axes. 12306524
Q.114 Find an equation of the curve
x + 16y  16 = 0 with respect to new
parallel axes obtained by shifting the
origin to the point O(0, 1). 12306525
Q.115 Transform the equation x+6x8y
+ 17 = 0. Referred to O ( 3, 1) as origin, axes
remaining parallel to the old axes. 12306526
Q.116 Write about rotation of axes. 12306527
Q.117 Find equations of the tangent and
normal to the given curve at the indicated
point: y = 4ax at (at, 2at) 12306528
Q.118 Find equations of the tangent to the
given curve at the indicated point:
+ = 1 at (a cos , b sin ) 12306529
Q.119 Find equation of tangent to the
conic: y = 12x at (1, 4) 12306530
Q.120 Find equations of the tangents to
the ellipse + y= 1 which are parallel to the
line 2x – 4y + 5 = 0. 12306531
Q.121 Find the centre and vertices of the
 x  1  y  1
2 2

ellipse.   1 (Board 2017) 12306532

4 9
 VECTORS

Scalar Quantity: 12307001 in the ratio p:q, then the position vector of
qa  pb
Vector Quantity: P is given by r = . 12307016
12307002 q p

Representation of a Vector: 12307003

Example 1:
If a and b be the P.Vs of A and B
Modulus of a Vector: 12307004
respectively w.r.t. origin O and C be a
 a+b
Unit Vector: (Board 2018) 12307005 point on AB such that OC = , then
2
show that C is the midpoint of AB.
Negative of a Vector: 12307006
12307017

Zero Vector: 12307007

Example 2: (Board 2007, 08, 10)
Use vectors to prove that the diagonals of a
Equality of Vector: 12307008
parallelogram bisect each other. 12307018
Coplanar Vectors: 12307009
Triangle Law of Addition of Vectors: EXERCISE

7.1
12307010 Q.1 Write the vector PQ in the form
xi + yj. 12307019
Parallelogram Law of Addition of Vectors: (i) P =  2, 3  , Q =  6, 2 
C D
v u (ii) P =  0, 5  , Q =  1, 6 

Q.2 Find the magnitude of the vector u.

A u B
12307011 (i) u = 2i – 7j 12307020
(ii) u = i + j 12307021
Subtraction of Vectors:
(iii) u = 3, 4 12307022
12307012

Position Vector: 12307013 Q.3 If u = 2i – 7j , v = i – 6j and w = –i + j.

Article Find the following vectors.
(i) u + v – w 12307023
Prove that 12307014
(ii) 2u – 3v + 4w 12307024

Example: ( (iii) 1 u  1 v  1 w = 1 u  v  w  12307025

Find the unit vector in the direction of the 2 2 2 2 
Q.4 Find the sum of the vectors AB and
vector v = 3, - 4 . 12307015 
CD , given the four points A 1, 1 ,
Theorem: B  2, 0  , C  1, 3  and D  2, 2  . 12307026
The Ratio Formula. Let A and B be two Q.5 Find the vector  from the point A to
points whose position vectors (p.v’s) are a the origin where AB = 4i  2 j and B is
and b respectively. If a point P divides AB
the point  2 5  . (Board 2010,17)
12307027
 2

Q.6 Find a unit vector in the direction of

the vector given below: 12307028 Set of Vectors in R2: 12307043
(i) v = 2i – j
(ii) v = 1 i  3 j 12307029
Let v be a vector in the plane or in space
2 2
and let c be a real. Then
(iii) v =  3 i  1 j 12307030 (i) |v| > 0 and |v| = 0 iff v = 0 12307044
2 2 (ii) |cv| = |c||v| 12307045
Q.7 If A, B and C are respectively the
points (2, –4), (4, 0) and (1, 6). Use vector Properties of Vectors: 12307046
method to find the coordinates of the point
D if Distance between two points in space
(i) ABCD is a parallelogram. 12307031 (by vectors). 12307047
(ii) ADBC is a parallelogram. 12307032

Direction Angles: (Board 2009, 11) 12307048

Q.8 If B, C and D are respectively (4, 1),
(–2, 3) and (–8, 0). Use vector method to Direction Cosines of a Vector: 12307049
find the coordinates of the point:
(i) A if ABCD is a parallelogram. 12307033 Theorem:
(ii) E if AEBD is a parallelogram. 12307034 Show that If , ,  are direction angles
  then cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 12307050
Q.9 If O is the origin and OP = AB , find
the point P when A and B are (–3, 7) and Example 1:
(1, 0) respectively. 12307035 For the vectors, v = 2, 1, 3 and
Q.10 Use vectors, to show that ABCD is a
w=  1, 4, 0 , we have the following: 12307051
parallelogram, when points A, B, C and D
are respectively (0, 0), (a, 0), (b, c) and (b – a,
c). Example 2:
 If u = 2i  3 j  k , v = 4i  6 j  2k and
 12307036
Q.11 If AB = CD , find the coordinates of w = 6i  9 j  3k , then 12307052
the point A when points B, C, D are (a) Find (i) u  2v (ii) u  v  w
(1, 2), (–2, 5), (4, 11) respectively. 12307037
Q.12 Find the position vectors of the point of (Board 2009) 12307053
division of the line segments joining the (b) Show that u , v and w are parallel to each
following pair of points, in the given ratio: other. 12307054

12307038
(i) Point C with position vector 2 i – 3 j EXERCISE 7.2
and point D with position vector 3i + 2j in Q.1 Let A(2, 5), B(–1, 1) and C(2, –6). Find
the ratio 4 : 3. 12307039  12307055
(ii) Point E with position vector 5i and (i) AB 12307056
 
point F with position vector 4i + j in the (ii) 2AB - CB 12307057
ratio 2:5. 12307040
 
(iii) 2CB - CA 12307058
Q.13 Prove that the line segment joining the
midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel
Q.2 Let u = i  2 j  k , v = 3i  2 j  2k ,
to the third side and half as long. 12307041
w = 5i  j  3k . Find the indicated vector
Q.14 Prove that the line segments joining
the midpoints of the sides of a or number. 12307059

quadrilateral taken in order form a (i) u + 2v + w 12307060

parallelogram. (Board 2009) 12307042 (ii) v - 3w 12307061
(iii) 3v +w (Board 2011) 12307062
(b) Find the constant a so that the vectors
Q.3 Find the magnitude of the vector v v = i  3i  3k and w = ai  9 j  12k are
and write the direction cosines of v . 12307063
(Board 2008, 09) parallel. 12307076

v = 2i + 3 j + 4k (c) Find a vector of length 5 in the

(i) 12307064
v = i - j-k direction opposite that of v = i  2 j  3k
(ii) 12307065

(iii) v = 4i - 5 j 12307066
(Board 2017) 12307077
(d) Find a and b so that the vectors
3i  j  4k and ai  b j  2k are parallel.
Q.4 Find α, so that  i    1 j  2k = 3.
(Board 2011) 12307078
(Board 2007, 08, 09,17) 12307067

Q.5 Find a unit vector in the direction of Q.11 Find the direction cosines for the
v = i  2 j  k . (Board 2009) 12307068 given vector. 12307079

(i) v = 3i - j + 2k (Board 2007) 12307080

Q.6 If a = 3i  j  4k , b = 2i  4 j  3k (ii) 6i - 2 j + k (Board 2008, 11) 12307081

and c = i  2 j  k .
Q.12 Which of the following triples can be
Find a unit vector parallel to 3a  2b  4c . the direction angles of a single vector.
(Board 2009, 11, 12,16) 12307069 12307082
o o o
(i) 45 , 45 , 60 12307083
Q.7 Find a vector whose
(ii) 30 o , 45 o , 60 o 12307084
(i) Magnitude is 4 and is parallel to
(iii) 45 o , 60 o , 60 o 12307085
2i  3 j  6k (Board 2008,09,12,16,18) 12307070
Sol:
(ii) Magnitude is 2 and is parallel to
i  j  k (Board 2012) 12307071 Product of Vectors
12307086

Q.8 If u = 2i  3 j  4k , v =  i  3 j  k and Article: Give the analytical expression of

Dot Product u  v  12307087

w = i  6 j  zk represent the sides of a Example 1: 12307088

triangle. Find the value of z. (Board 2010) If v =  x1 , y1  and w =  x2 , y2  are two

12307072
vectors in the plane, then
v  w = x1 x2  y1 y2
Q.9 The position vectors of the points A,
B, C and D are 2i  j  k , 3i  j , Example 2: (Board 2012)
Find the angle between the vectors
2i  4 j  2k and  i  2 j  k respectively. u = 2i  j  k and v =  i  j .
  12307089
Show that AB is parallel to CD . 12307073
Example 3: (Board 2012,17,18)
Q.10 We say that two vectors v and w in Find a scalar α so that the vectors
space are parallel if there is a scalar c such 2i   j  5k and 3i  j   k are
that v = cw . The vector point in the same
perpendicular. 12307090
direction if c > 0, and the vector point in
the opposite direction if c < 0. 12307074
(a) Find two vectors of length 2 parallel to
the vector v = 2i  4 j  4k 12307075
 4

Example 4: C  0, 2, z  is a right triangle with right

Show that the vectors 2i  j  k ,
angle at C. (Board 2011,18) 12307108
i  3 j  5k and 3i  4 j  4k form the sides
of a right triangle. 12307091 Q.5 If v is a vector for which v  i = 0,
v  j = 0, v  k = 0, find v . (Board 2009)
Example 5: (Board 2009) 12307109

Show that the components of a vector are

Q.6 (i)
projections of that vector along i , j and k
Show that the vectors 3i  2 j  k , i  3 j  5k
respectively. 12307092
and 2i  j  4k form a right triangle. 12307110
Example 6:
Prove that in any triangle ABC. 1230793 (ii) Show that the set of points
2
(i) a = b 2  c 2  2bc cos A (Cosine Law) P 1, 3, 2  , Q  4,1, 4  and R  6, 5, 5  form a
(Board 2009) 12307094 right triangle. 12307111
(ii) a = b cos C  c cos B (Projection Law)
12307095 Q.7 Show that midpoint of hypotenuse of
a right triangle is equidistant from its
Example 7: (Board 2009, 10) vertices. 12307112
Prove that
cos     = cos  cos   sin  sin  .12307096 Q.8 Prove that perpendicular bisectors of
a triangle are concurrent. 12307113

EXERCISE 7.3 Q.9 Prove that the altitudes of a triangle

Q.1 Find cosine of the angle  between
u and v . are concurrent. 12307114
12307097

(i) u = 3i  j  k , v = 2i  j  k 12307098 Q.10 Prove that the angle in a semi-circle

is a right angle. (Board 2010,17) 12307115
(ii) u = i  3 j  4k , v = 4i  j  3k
12307099 Q.11 Prove that (Board 2011) 12307116
(iii) u = 3,5 , v = 6, 2 12307100
cos      cos cos  sin sin .

(iv) u = 2, 3,1 , v = 2, 4,1 12307101 Q.12 Prove that in any triangle ABC.
12307117
Q.2 Calculate the projection of a along b (i) a  b  c  2bc cos A
2 2 2
(Board 2016) 12307118
and projection of b along a when: 12307102 (ii) a  b cos C  c cos B 12307119

(i) a = i  k , b = j  k (Board 2009) 12307103

2
(iii) b = a  c  2ac cos B
2 2
12307120

(ii) a = 3i  j  k , b = 2i  j  k 12307104 (iv) b = c cos A  a cos C (Board 2017)

12307121

Q.3 Find a real number α so that the (v) c 2 = a 2  b 2  2ab cos C 12307122
vectors u and v are perpendicular. 12307105 (vi) c = a cos B  b cos A 12307123
(i) u = 2 i  j  k , v = i   j  4k 12307106
(ii) u =  i  2 j  k , v = i   j  3k
(Board 2007, 09) 12307107 Vector or Cross Product of Two Vectors:
12370124
Q.4 Find the number z so that the triangle
with vertices A 1, 1, 0  , B  2 2 1  and
Example 1: each a and b is perpendicular to a  b
Find a vector perpendicular to each of the and b  a . 12307135
vectors (Board 2008, 11, 16)
a = 2i  j  k and b = 4i  2 j  k . 12307125 (i) a = 2i  j  k and b = i  j  k 12307136

(ii) a = i + j and b=i - j 12307137

Example 2: (iii) a = 3i  2 j  k and b = i  j

If a = 4i  3 j  k and b = 2i  j  2k 12307138
(iv) a = 4i  j  2k and b = 2i  j  k
Find a unit vector perpendicular to both a 12307139
and b . Also find the sine of the angle
between the vectors a and b . 12307126 Q.2 Find a unit vector perpendicular to
the plane containing a and b . Also find
Example 3: sine of angle between them. 12307140
Prove that: Sol:
sin     = sin  cos   cos  sin  (i) a = 2i  6 j  3k and b = 4i  3 j  k
12307127 12307141
(ii) a = i  j  k and b = 2i  3 j  4k
Example 4: 12307142
In any triangle ABC, prove that (iii) a = 2i  2 j  4k and b = i  j  2k
a b c 12307143
= = (Law of Sines)
sinA sinB sinC (iv) a = i  j and b = i  j 12307144
(Board 2017) 12307128

Q.3 Find the area of the triangle,

Example 5: (Board 2008)
determined by the points P, Q and R.
Find the area of the triangle with vertices
12307146
A 1, 1,1 , B  2,1, 1  and C  1,1, 2  .
Also find a unit vector perpendicular to (ii) P 1, 1, 1 , Q  2, 0, 1 and R  0, 2,1
the plane ABC. 12307129
12307147
Q.4 Find the area of parallelogram,
Example 6: (Board 2009)
whose vertices are: (Board 2009)
Find area of the parallelogram whose 12307148
vertices are P  0, 0, 0  , Q  1, 2, 4  , (i) A  0, 0, 0  , B 1, 2,3 , C  2, 1,1 , D 3,1, 4 
R  2, 1, 4  and S 1, 1, 8  . 12307130 12307149
(ii) A 1, 2, 1 , B  4, 2, 3 , C  6, 5, 2  , D 9, 5, 0 
Example 7: 12307150

If u = 2i  j  k and v = 4i  2 j  k , find (iii) A  1,1,1 , B  1, 2, 2  , C  3, 4, 5  , D  3,5, 4 

by determinant formula 12307131 12307151

(i) u  u 12307132

(ii) u  v 12307133

(iii) v  u 12307134

Q.5 Which vectors, if any, are

EXERCISE 7.4 perpendicular or parallel. 12307152
(i) u = 5i  j  k , v = j  5k ,
Q.1 Compute the cross product a  b and
12307153

b  a . Check your answer by showing that (ii) u = i  2 j  k , v = i  j  k , 12307154

Q.6 Prove that: (Board 2005, 08, 09, 11)
 6

a  b  c   b  c  a   c  a  b  = 0 Q.1 Find the volume of the parallelepiped

for which the given vectors are three
12307155
edges. (Board 2008, 09) 12307168

Q.7 If a  b  c = 0 , then prove that (i) = 3i  2k , = i  2 j  k , w =  j  4k

u v

ab  bc  ca . 12307169

12307156
(ii) u = i  4 j  k , v = i  j  2k ,
w = 2i  3 j  k
Q.8 Prove that: (Board 2010) 12307157 12307170
sin      sin cos  cos sin . (iii) u = i  2 j  3k , v = 2i  j  k ,
w = jk
Q.9 If a  b = 0 and a  b = 0, what
12307171
conclusion can be drawn about a or b ?
12307158 Q.2 Verify that a  b  c = b  c  a = c  a  b
GIVE AN ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION
If a = 3i  j  5k , b = 4i  3 j  2k and
OF SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT 12307159
c = 2i  5 j  k 12307172

Article:
Prove that every scalar triple product is Q.3 Prove that the vectors i  2 j  3k ,
independent of the position of the dot or
2i  3 j  4k and i  3 j  5k are coplaner.
cross 12307160
i.e., ·  = ·  = c · a  b
a b c b c a (Board 2008,17) 12307173

ARTICLE: Q.4 Find the constant α such that the

Give the geometrical interpretation of vectors are coplaner. (Board 2008, 10) 12307174
scalar triple product 12307162
Sol:
(i) Let u = i  j  k , v = i  2 j  3k and
The Volume of the Tetrahedron: 12307163 w = 3i   j  5k

Example 1: Prove that four points

(ii) Let u = i  2 j  k , v = i  j  2k and
12307164
A(–3, 5, –4), B(–1, 1, 1), C(–1, 2, 2) w =  i  2 j  k (Board 2010) 12307175
and D(–3, 4, –5) are coplanar.
Q.5 (a) Find the value of
Example 2: Find the volume of the Sol:
tetrahedron whose vertices are:
(i) 2i  2 j  k (Board 2016,17) 12307176
(Board 2018) 12307165
A(2, 1, 8), B(3, 2, 9), C(2, 1,4) and D(3, 3, 0) (ii) 3 j  k  i (Board 2016,17) 12307177

(iii)  k i j  (Board 2017) 12307178

Example 3: Find the value of , so that
 i  j , i  j  3k and are coplanar. (iv) i i k  12307179

(Board 2018) 12307166

Moment of a Force About a Point:
12307167
(b) Prove that: (Board 2011)
u   v  w   v   w  u   w   u  v   3u  v  w 
EXERCISE 7.5 12307180
Q.6 Find volume of the tetrahedron with
the vertices. 12307181
(i) Let A  0,1, 2  , B 3, 2,1 , C 1, 2,1
and D 5,5, 6 
(ii) Let A  2,1,8  , B 3, 2,9  , C  2,1, 4 
and D 3,3,10  (Board 2010, 16) 12307182
Q.7 Find the workdone, if the point at
which the constant force F = 4i  3 j  5k
is applied to an object, moves from
P1  3,1, 2  and P2  2, 4, 6  .(Board 2010) 12307183
Q.8 A particle, acted by constant forces
4i  j  3k and 3i  j  k , is displaced
from A 1, 2, 3  to B  5, 4,1 . Find the
work done. (Board 2012) 12307184
Q.9 A particle is displaced from the point
A  5, 5, 7  to the point B  6, 2, 2  under
the action of constant forces defined by
10i  6 j  11k , 4i  5 j  9k and 2i  j  9k .
Show that the total work done by the
forces is 67 units. 12307185
Q.10 A force of magnitude 6 units acting
parallel to 2i  2 j  k displaces, the point
of application from 1, 2, 3  to  5, 3, 7  .
Find the work done. (Board 2009) 12307186
Q.11 A force F = 3i  2 j  4k is applied at
the point A 1, 1, 2  . Find the moment of
the force about the point  2, 1, 3  . 12307187
Q.12 A force F = 4i  3k , passes through
the point A  2, 2, 5  . Find the moment of
F about the point B 1, 3,1 . 12307188
Q.13 Given a force F = 2i  j  3k acting
at a point A 1, 2,1 . Find the moment of
F about the point B  2, 0, 2  . 12307189
Q.14 Find the moment about A 1,1,1 of
each of the concurrent forces i  2 j ,
3i  2 j  k , 5 j  2k , where P  2, 0,1 is
their point of concurrency. 12307190
Q.15 A force F = 7 i  4 j  3k is applied
at P 1, 2, 3  . Find its moment about the
point Q  2,1,1 . 12307191
 Multiple Choice Questions
 Each question has four possible answers. Select the correct answer and encircle it.

Q.1 Which of the following is not a Q.9 The law of parallelogram of

vector quantity? 12307192 addition was used by Aristotle to
(a) weight (b) mass describe the combined action of:
(c) force (d) velocity 12307199
Q.2 A scalar quantity is one that (a) one force (b) two forces
possesses only: 12307193 (c) three forces (d) four forces
(a) magnitude (b) direction Q.10 The magnitude of 2i  7j is 12307200
(c) both a and b (d) none of these (a) 27 (b) 2+7
Q.3 Which of the following is a vector (c) 4  49 (d) 4  49
quantity? 12307194
Q.11 If P = (2, 3) and Q = (6, -2), then
(a) work (b) temperature 
(c) distance (d) displacement PQ = (Board 2008) 12307201

Q.4 If a = 1, then a is a: 12307195 (a) 4i  5j (b) 4i  5j

(a) free vector (b) unit vector (c) 5i  4 j (d) 4i  5j
(c) null vector (d) None of these Q.12
 If point A is (0, 0), B is (a, b) then
a AB = ______ 12307202
Q.5 Let a be a non-zero vector, then a
(a) 0i  0 j (b) ai  b j
is a: 12307196
(c) a2  b2 (d) bi  a j
(a) scalar quantity
Q.13 Let A and B be two points whose
(b) unit vector parallel to a position vectors are and
(c) unit vector perpendicular to a respectively. If a point P divides AB
(d) reciprocal vector in the ratio p : q, then the position
Q.6 Two vectors are equal if they: vector of P is given by
12307197 = _______. 12307203
(a) passes through the same point (a) (b)
(b) are parallel to each other (c) (d)
(c) are parallel to each other and Q.14 A unit vector is defined as a vector
have same direction whose magnitude is: 12307204
(d) have equal magnitude and have (a) 0 (b) 2
same direction (c) 1 (d) 4
Q.7 If terminal point B of a vector Q.15 The vector = [1, 0] is called unit
coincides with its initial point A, vectors along: 12307205
then is known as: 12307198 (a) x-axis
(a) scalar (b) free vector (b) z-axis
(c) unit vector (d) null vector (c) y-axis
Q.8 Zero vector is perpendicular to:
(d) None of these
(Board 2011) 12307198
Q.16 The vector = [0, 1] is called -------
(a) every vector
along y-axis. 12307206
(b) unit vector only
(a) position vector
(c) position vector only
(d) not any vector (b) null vector
(c) unit vector
 (d) None of these Q.25 The vector = [0, 1, 0] is called
Q.17 A unit vector is the direction of ________ along y-axis.12307215
u = 3i 4j is: 12307207 (a) unit vector
1 (b) null vector
(a) (3i - 4 j) (b) 5(3i  4 j )
5 (c) position vector
1 (d) None of these
(c) 3i  4 j (d)
3

3i  4 j  Q.26 The vector = [0, 0, 1] is called
_______ along z-axis. 12307216
Q.18 Two vectors a and b are collinear (a) unit vector (b) null vector
if pa + qb = 0 implies: (Board 2006) (c) free vector (d) None of these
12307208 Q.27 A null vector is defined as a vector
(a) p = 0, q  0 whose magnitude is: 12307217
(b) p  0, q = 0 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) p = 0, q = 0 (c) 0 (d) None of these
(d) p  0, q  0 Q.28 If P(x, y, z) be any point in space, then
Q.19 The null or zero vector in R is = xi + y j + zk is called the: 12307218
= ______. 12307209 (a) position vector of O
(a) [0] (b) [0, 0] (b) position vector of P
(c) [0, 0, 0] (d) None of these (c) unit vector
Q.20 Magnitude of vector 2i + 3j + 4k is: (d) null vector
Q.29 A vector, whose initial point is the
(Board 2014) 12307210
origin O and whose terminal point
(a) 29 (b) 29
P, is called the ______ of the point P
(c) 28 (d) 28 and is written as . 12307219
Q.21 The magnitude, length or norm of (a) unit vector
vector = [x, y, z] is  = ______. (b) null vector
(a) 12307211 (c) position vector
(b) (d) None of these
(c) x+ y + z Q.30 The position vector of any point in
(d) xy-plane is: (Board 2009) 12307220
Q.22 Length of the vector 2i  j  2k is: (a) r  xi  zk
(Board 2010,18) 12307212 (b) r  y j  zk
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) r  xi  y j
(c) 6 (d) 5
(d) r  xi  y j  zk
Q.23 cosαi + sinα j + 0k = 12307213
Q.31 The position vector of a point
(a) 0 (b) –1 P(1, 2, 3) is: (Board 2007) 12307221
(c) 2 (d) 1  
(a) i 2 j 3k (b) i  2 j  3k
Q.24 Vector of magnitude 5 in the
direction the vector i  2j + 3k is: (c) i  2 j  3k (d) i  2 j  3k
(a) 5(i2j+3k) 12307214 Q.32 Which are the following triples can
5 be direction angles of a single
(b) (i2j+3k) vector: 12307222
14
1 (a) 45°, 45°, 60° (b) 30°, 45°, 60°
(c) (i2j+3k) (d) none (c) 45°, 60°, 60° (d) 30o ,30o ,30o
5
Q.33 Direction cosines of ijk are:
 (a) 1, 1, 1 12307223 dot product of and is . = _________.
1 1 1 12307233
(b) , ,
3 2 3 (a) x1 x2 y1 y2 (b) x1 x2+ y1 y2
(c) x1 y2+ x2 y1 (d) x1 y2 x2 y1
(c) 3 (i  j  k) (d) none
Q.44 If = [x1, y1, z1] and = [x2, y2, z2]
Q.34 cos + cos + cos = ___.12307224 are any three non-zero vectors,
(a) 0 (b) 2 then . = 12307234
(c) 1 (d) 3 (a) x1 x2+ y1 z2+ z1 y2
Q.35 If α, β &  are the direction angles (b) x1 z2 + y1 y2+ z1 x2
of a vector then sin2α+sin2+sin2= (c) x1 y1+ x2 y2+ z1 z2
(a) 1 (b) 2 12307225 (d) x1 x2+ y1 y2+ z1 z2
(c) 0 (d) 3 Q.45 Projection of i  k along j + k is:
Q.36 In the dot product of two vectors 1 1
u&v: 12307226 (a) (b)  12307235
 2 2
(a) 0    (b) 0<< 1
2 (c) (d) none
(c) 0     (d) 0   2 2
Q.37 . = ______, where and are any Q.46 Projection of vector u = ai + bj + ck
vectors. 12307227 along i is: (Board 2007) 12307236
(a)  . (b) . (a) a (b) c
(c)  . (d) None of these (c) b (d) a + b
Q.38 Two non-zero vectors and are Q.47 The projection of along is equal
perpendicular if and only if . is to: (Board 2006,18) 12307237
equal to: 12307228 (a) (b)
(a) 0 (b) 2 v
(c) 1 (d) – 1 (c) (d)
u.v
Q.39 . = ______ , where  is the angle
Q.48 If , m, n are the direction cosines
between and and lies in [0, ].
of a vector , then: 12307238
2
12307229
(a)  – m+ n= 1
(a) . cos  (b)  .  2
(b)  + m+ n= 0
(c)  .  cos  (d) u v cos  2
(c)  + m+ n= 1
2
Q.40 The dot product of unit vector (d)  + m– n= 0
with unit vector is: 12307230 Q.49 If 2i + α j + 5k & 3i + j + αk are
(a) 0 (b) 2 perpendicular then α = 12307239

(c) 1 (d) 3 (a) 1 (b) 1

(c) 2 (d) – 2
Q.41 For a vector a, a  a = 12307231
Q.50 If vectors 2i + 4j - 7k and 2i + 6j + xk
(a) 2a (b) a2 (Board 2005)
a are perpendicular, then x equals:
a2 (a) 5 (b) 4 12307240
(c) (d)
2 2 (c) 2 (d) 1 (Board 2009)
Q.42 If a and b have same direction, Q.51 If the vectors 2αi + j - k and
then a  b = (Board 2005, 10) 12307232 i + αj + 4k are perpendicular to each
(a) ab (b) ab sin other, then the value of  is:
(c) ab (d) ab tan 1
Q.43 If = [x1, y1] and = [x2, y2], are any (a) 3 (b) 3 12307241
two non-zero vectors in the plane, then
 4 2 Q.61  = 12307251
(c) 3 (d) 3 (Board 2008) (a) 0 (b)
Q.52 If 1 and 3 are x and (c) (d)
y-components of a vector, then its Q.62  = (Board 2016) 12307252
angle with x-axis is:(Board 2009) 12307242 (a) 0 (b)
(a) 60o (b) 90o (c) (d)
(c) 30o (d) 45o Q.63 If and be any two vectors and
Q.53 If 2 and 2 are x and y-components  = 0, then: 12307253
of a vector, then its angle with x-
axis is: (Board 2009) 12307243 (a) = 0 or = 0
(a) 30o (b) 45o (b) = 0 and = 0
(c) 60 o
(d) 90o (c) = 0 or  0
Q.54 The angle between the vectors (d)  0 or = 0
2i + 3j + k and 2i - j - k is: 12307244 Q.64 The value of (i  j)  k is: 12307254
 
(a) 1 (b) j (Board 2011)
(a) 6 (b) 4 (Board2007,16)
 (c) 0 (d) k

(c) 2 (d) Q.65 Sine of the angle between two
Q.55 If  is the angle between two vectors vectors a and b is given by: 12307255
and , then  = 12307245 Modulus of (a  b)
(a)
 u  v  Modulus of (a)Modulus of (b)
 
(a) cos  u v  (b) cos–1 ( . ) (b)
(c) cos–1(d) cos–1 (c)
Q.56 If  = ---------- between two vectors
(d)
and , then and are collinear.
(a) 0 (b) 1 12307246 
Q.66 The value of i  j  k is:  12307256

(c) (d) (a) 1 (b) j (Board 2011)

a b
Q.57 If and are parallel vectors, then
(c) 0 (d) k
ab = (Board 2008) 12307247
Q.67 (2i × 2 j) x 3k = 12307257
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) 2 (a) 12 (b) 0
Q.58 In the cross product of two vectors (c) 12k (d) 12i
u and v ,  the angle between u and Q.68 If =[x1,y1,z1] and =[x,y2,z2], then
v is: 12307248
 = ______, which is known as

(a) 0     (b) 0    determinant formula for  .
2
12307258
(c) 0    2 (d) None of these
Q.59 The cross product or vector i k j
product of two vectors is defined: (a) x1 z1 y1
12307249
x2 z2 y2
(a) only in plane (b) only in space
(c) both a and b (d) None of these i j k
Q.60 If and be any two vectors, then x1 y1 z1
(b)
u  v is equal to: 12307250
(a)   (b)  x2 y2 z2
(c)   (d) None of these
 i j k Q.76 The value 2i ×2j.k is: 12307266
x2 y2 z2 (a) 4 (b) 4
(c)
(c) 0 (d) 2
x1 y1 z1 Q.77 For any three vectors , and
(d) None of these , . (  ) is also written as:
Q.69 i × i = : (Board 2014) 12307259 12307267
(a)  (  ) (b) ().
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) . ( . ) (d) .()
(c) 0 (d) – 1
Q.70 Area of parallelogram of two
 
Q.78 2i. 2j× k equals:
vectors and along two adjacent (Board 2014,15,17) 12307268

sides of parallelogram is equal to: (a) 0 (b) 2

12307260 (c) 4 (d) 6
(a)  (b)    Q.79 i   j  k  = 12307269
(c)  .  (d)    (a) 1 (b) 2
Q.71 Area of triangle = _______ , if and (c) meaningless (d) – 1
are vectors along two adjacent Q.80  i - j .  j- k  × k - j = (Board 2006)
sides of the triangle. 12307261
(a)    (b)    12307270

(c)  .  (d) (a) 1 (b) 0

Q.72 The magnitude of dot and cross (c) i  k (d) j  k
products of two vectors are 6 and Q.81 j.k ×i = (Board 2007, 11,15) 12307271
6 3 respectively, the angle between the (a) i (b) j
vectors is:(Board 2009)
(c) 1 (d) k
12307262
(a) 90o (b) 30o Q.82 In ABC,= ,= , = then:
o 12307272
(c) 60 (d) 0o
Q.73 a × b = 0 and a . b = 0, then : 12307263 (a) + + = O
(a) either a  0 or b  0 (Board 2008) (b)  + = O
(b) a and b are parallel (c) +  = O
(c) a and b are perpendicular (d) +  = O
Q.83 The ______ is of the volume of the
(d) both a and b are nonzero
parallelepiped. 12307273
Q.74 If any two vectors of scalar triple (a) volume of the tetrahedron
product are equal, then its value is (b) volume of the parallelepiped
equal to: 12307264
(c) volume of the triangle
(a) 0 (b) 2 (d) None of these
(c) 1 (d) – 1 Q.84 The vectors , and are coplanar
Q.75 If a×b = b×c = c×a = 0 , then if and only if [ ] is equal to:
a  b×c  is equal to: 12307265 12307274

a bc (a) 0 (b) 2

(a)
(c) 1 (d) – 1
(b) abc
Q.85 A force F = 7i + 4j  k is applied at
(c) a b c p(1, 2, 3). The moment about the
(d) None of these point A(2, 1, 1) is: 12307275
 (a) i + 11j  17k (c) r  F (d) F  r
(b) i 11j  17k Q.88 Moment of force F about (r) is :
(c) i +11j + 17k (Board 2015) 12307278
(d) none (a) r  F (b) F  r
Q.86 A constant force F acting on a (c) r . F (d) F . r
body, displaces it from A to B. The Q.89  i × k  × j equals: (Board 2016) 12307279
work done by F is equal to: (a) –1 (b) 0
12307276 (c) 1 (d) 
 (Board 2007) Q.90 If v in any vector then vector of

(a)  F  AB (b) F  AB magnitude 5 opposite to v is: 12307280
 
(c) F.AB (d)  F.AB (a) 5 v (b) 5 v
Q.87 Work done by a constant force F v 5
(c) (d)
during displacement d is equal to: 5 v
(Board 2014) 12307277
(a) F.d (b) F d
 Short Answer Questions
Q.1 Define Scalar quantity. 12307281
Q.2 Define Vector quantity. 12307282
Q.3 Define a position vector. 12307283
Q.4 What do you mean by negative of a
vector? 12307284
Q.5 Define a Unit vector.
(Board 2018) 12307285
Q.6 Define equal vectors. 12307286
Q.7 Define a null or zero vector. 12307287
Q.8 State parallelogram law of addition
of vectors. 12307288
Q.9 What is set of vectors in R? 12307289
Q.10 If O is the origin and ( = ( , find the
point P when A and B are
(3, 7) and (1, 0) respectively. 12307290
Q.11 If = [1,  3] and = [2, 5], then find
 12307291
Q.12 Let be a vector in the plane or in
space and let c be a real number. Then
(i)   0, and  = 0 if and only if
= 12307292
(ii) c = c 
Q.13 Let A and B be two points whose
position vectors are and respectively. If a
point P divides AB in the ratio p : q, then
the position vector of P is given by
= 12307293
Q.14 Find the position vector of a point
which divides the line segment joining the
points C and D with position vectors 2i - 3j
and 3i + 2j in the ratio 4:3. 12307294
Q.15 If and be the position vectors of A
and B respectively
 w.r.t. origin
O, and C
be a point on AB such that OC = , then
show that C is the mid-point of AB.
12307295
Q.16 Find unit vector along the vector

3 1
i  j. 12307296
2 2
Q.17 Find the unit vector in the direction
as the vector = 2 + 6 12307297
Q.18 If ABCD is a parallelogram such
that the points A, B and C are respectively
(2, 3), (1, 4) and (0, 5). Find the
coordinates of D. 12307298
Q.19 Prove that the line segment joining the
midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel
to the third side and half as long. 12307299
Q.20 Let , and be vectors in the space.
Then show that (+)+=+(+). 12307300
Q.21 If = 2 + 3 + , = 4 + 6 + 2 and =  6
 9  3, then find 
12307301
Q.22 What is set of vectors in R3? 12307302
Q.23 Find , so that | i + (+1) j + 2k|=3
12307303
Q.24 Find a unit vector parallel to
v = i + 2j - k ? (Board 2009,18)
12307304
Q.25 If u = 2i + 3j + 4k, v = i + 3j  k
and w = i + 6j + zk represents the sides of a
triangle. Find the value of z. 12307305
Q.26 Use vectors, to prove that the
diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other. (Board 2007) 12307306
Q.27 Define direction angles and
direction cosines of a vector. 12307307
Q.28 Find the direction cosines of the
vector v  i  j  k . 12307308
Q.29 Find the direction cosines of the
vector v = 6i - 2j + k. (Board 2010,16) 12307309
Q.30 Find the vector whose magnitude is
5 and has direction angles: 12307310
= , = , =
Q.31 Define dot product of two vectors.
12307311
Q.32 If is vector for which v  i = 0 ,
v  j = 0 and v  k = 0 , find vector v. 12307312
Q.33 If = 2  4 + 5 and
= 4  3  4, then find . 12307313
Q.34 If =3   2 and = +2 , then find .
12307314
Q.35 For the vectors: a = 2 i – 3 j + 4 k ,
b = i – j+ 2k , c = 3i + 2 j– k
Verify that a  (b + c) = a  b + a  c
12307315
Q.36 If a + b + c = 0, |a| = 3, |b| = 5,
|c| = 7. Find the angle between a and b.
12307316
Q.37 Calculate the projection of
a along b and projection of b along a
when a = i - k ,b = j+ k :(Board 2008,18)12307317
Q.38 Show that the components of a
vector are the projections of that vector
along , and respectively. 123072318
Q.39 If , ,  are the direction angles of
a vector r , then show that cos 2 α + cos 2β
+ cos 2 γ = 1. (Board 2008,16) 12307319
Q.40 Prove that the following triples can
be the direction angles of a single vector or
not. 12307320
Q.41 Find a scalar  so that the vectors
2 +  + 5 and 3 + +  are perpendicular.
(Board 2008, 09) 12307321
Q.42 Prove that cos (  ) =
cos  cos  + sin  sin  (Board 2010) 12307322
Q.43 Prove that in any triangle ABC
a = b cos C + c cos B (Projection Law)
12307323
Q.44 Prove that in any triangle ABC
a= b+ c 2bc cos A (Cosine Law)
12307324
Q.45 Use scalar products to prove that
the triangle whose vertices are A (1, 0, 1),
B (1, 1, 1) and C (1, 1, 0) is a right isosceles
triangle. 12307325
Q.46 Find the angle between the
vectors
= 2  + and =  + (Board 2009)
12307326
Q.47 Show that the vectors 2  + , 
3  5 and 3  4  4 form the sides of a right
triangle. 12307327
Q.48 Find x for which the angle between
a = xi+ j – k and b = i + x j – k is . 12307328
Q.49 Define cross product of two vectors.
12307329
Q.50 If a =2i – 3 j – k, b = i +4 j – 2k ,
find (i) a  b (ii) b  a. 12307330
Q.51 Compute the cross product: 12307331
(2i – 3 j + 5k)  (6i + 2 j – 3k).
Q.52 Compute the cross product:
(2i – 5k)  j . 12307332
Q.53 Find a unit vector perpendicular to
both a = i + j + k and b = 2i + 3 j – k.
12307333
Q.54 If = 2  + , then find  by
determinant formula 12307334
Q.55 If =2  + and = 4 +2  , then find 
by determinant formula
12307335
Q.56 If = 2  + and = 4 + 2  , then find
 by determinant formula
12307336
Q.57 Find a unit vector perpendicular to
each of the vectors i +2 j + 2k , & 3i –2 j –4k.
Also calculate the sine of the angle between
these vectors. 12307337
Q.58 Find a unit vector perpendicular to
both a = i + j + k and b = 2i + 3 j – k 12307338
Q.59 If = 2 + 3 + , = 4 + 6 + 2 and = 6
9 3, then show that , , and are parallel
to each other. 12307339
Q.60 Find a and b so that 3 – + 4 and a
+b – 2 are parallel. (Board 2009)
12307340
Q.61 Find a vector perpendicular to the
two vectors and given the four points A
(0, 2, 4), B (3, – 1, 2), C (2, 0, 1) and D (4, 2,
0) 12307341
Q.62 Find a vector of magnitude 7 and
perpendicular to a = 4+ 3 – 6,
b = – 6– 2+ 7 12307342
Q.63 If a  4i  3 j  k and b  2i  j  2k .
Find a unit vector perpendicular to both a
and b . Also find the sine of the angle
between the vectors a and b . 12307343
Q.64 Find a vector perpendicular to each
of the vectors. = 2 + + and
= 4 + 2  (Board 2008, 09,18) 12307344
Q.65 Prove that the area of triangular
region whose vertices are A(a), B(b), C(c)
1
is a × b + b × c + c × a . 12307345
2
Q.66 Find the area of the triangle with
vertices A(1,1,1), B(2,1,1) & C( 1,1,2).
Also find a unit vector perpendicular to
plane ABC. 12307346
Q.67 Find area of the parallelogram
whose vertices are P(0, 0, 0), Q( 1, 2, 4),
R(2, 1, 4 ) and S(1, 1, 8). 12307347
Q.68 Find the area of triangle with two
adjacent sides a = 3 + 2 and b = 2 – 4.
12307348
Q.69 Find the area enclosed by the
triangle ABC whose vertices are A(0,0, 0),
B(1, 1, 1) and C(0, 2, 3). 12307349
Q.70 Find the area of a parallelogram
having the adjacent vectors. 12307350
a = 3 + – 2 , b = – 3+ 4
Q.71 Find the area of a parallelogram
whose vertices are A(1, 3, –2) , B(5, 1, 7),
C(8, –4, 11) and D(4, –2, 2) 12307351
Q.72 In any triangle ABC, prove that
= = (Law of Sines) 12307352
Q.73 Show that
sin ( + ) = sin  cos +cos  sin 
12307353
Q.74 Prove that:
a ×  b + c  + b × c + a  + c × a + b  = 0
(Board 2005, 09) 12307354
Q.75 If a + b + c = 0, show that
ab=bc=ca (Board 2015,17)12307355
Q.76 If a . b = 0 = 0 and a × b = 0 , what do
you know about a or b ? (Board 2007) 12307356
Q.77 Define a scalar triple product.
Q.84 Find the value of  k ,i, j . 12307364
Q.85 Compute the cross product:
 (2+ 3). 12307365
Q.86 Find the value of   12307366
Q.87 Find the volume of parallelepiped
whose edges are a = 2 – 3 + ,
b = – + 2, c = 2-+ – 12307367
Q.88 Find the volume of the parallelepiped
with edges u = i + 2j - k, v = i - 2j + 3k,
w = i - 7j - 4k. (Board 2005) 12307368
Q.89 Find the volume of parallelepiped
whose edges are a =2 – 3 + , b= – + 2, c = 2+
– 12307369
Q.90 Find the volume of the tetrahedron
whose vertices are A(2,1,8), B(3, 2, 9),
C(2, 1, 4) and D(3, 3, 10). 12307370
Q.91 Find the volume of tetrahedron that
has the following vertices.
(0, 1, 2) , (5, 5, 6) , (1, 2, 1) , (3, 2, 1) 12307371
Q.92 Find the value of , so that  + ,
+ + 3 and 2 +  2 are coplanar.
12307372
Q.93 Do the points (4, –2, 1), (5, 1, 6),
(2, 2, –5) and (3, 5, 0) lie in a plane? 12307373
Q.94 Prove that the points whose
position vectors are A(6+3+2), B(3  2 +
4), C(5 + 7 + 3) and D( 13 + 17  ) are
coplanar. 12307374
Q.95 Prove that four points A(3, 5, 4),
B( 1, 1, 1), C(  1, 2, 2) and D(3, 4, 5)
are coplanar. 12307375

12307357
Q.96 Show that the vectors – 2 + 2,
Q.78 If a = 3– + 5, b = 4+ 3– 2, – 2 + 3 – 4 and – 3 + 5 are coplanar.
c = 2+5+ .Verify that: (Board 2017) 12307376

abc = b  c  a = c  a b 12307358 Q.97 Find the value of  which makes

Q.79 Compute the cross product: + – , – 2 + and  + – coplanar.
(2– 5)  . 12307359 (Board 2007) 12307377
Q.98 Find the work done in moving an
Q.80 Find the value of 2i  3j  4k .
object along a straight line from (5, 3, – 2)
(Board 2005) 12307360 to (1, –2, 4) in a force field given by
Q.81 What is set of vectors in R2? 12307361 F = 2 – + 3 12307378
Q.82 Prove that [ – – – ] = 0 Q.99 Find the work done by a constant
12307362 force = 2+ 4, if its points of application to
Q.83 Prove that i i k  0 a body moves it from A(1, 1) to B(4, 6).
12307363 (Assume that is measured in Newton and
d in meters.) 12307379
Q.100 The constant forces 2 + 5 + 6 and where coordinates of points A and B are
2 act on a body, which is displaced (1, 2,  3) and (3,  4, 2) respectively.
12307381
from position P(4,3,2) to Q.102 Find the moment about A(1, 1, 1) of
Q(6, 1,3). Find the total work done. each of the concurrent forces
i  2 j, 3i  2 j  k, 5j  2k , where P(2, 0, 1)
12307380

Q.101 Find the moment about the point is their point of concurrency. (Board 2009)
12307382
M(2, 4, 6) of the force represented by ,