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ASME Impact Test Requirement PDF Fracture Ductility
ASME Impact Test Requirement PDF Fracture Ductility
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)Grain refined carbon steel forgings and wrought materials (thoroughly worked
ASME Impact Test and normalized) generally exhibit good notch toughness.
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their room temperature ductility, at sub-zero service tem peratures. Different requirement in first stage in UG-20 (f), in others in UCS-66(a) or UCS-66(b) or
types of materials exhibit different types of transition behavior. UCS-68(c) or might not be exempted and prepare yourself for doing this
We can see there is a sudden, phenomenal drop in their notch-toughness costly test.
properties below the "transition" range of temperature, which should be a This test would be more costly out of US because of Laboratory Accreditation
matter of concern for us. requirement. Accredited Laboratory based US accreditation system is not too
Body centered cubic or Ferritic alloys exhibit a significant transition in much in Europe, Middle East and other locations.
behavior when impact tested over a range of temperatures. Above transition
temperature range, impact specimens fracture in a " ductile" manner,
UG-20(f)
absorbing relatively large amounts of energy. We start with UG-20(f) for ASME impact test requirement, if your MOC
At lower temperatures, i.e. below the transition temperature range, the impact (Material of Construction) is categorized in P-No. 1 or 2 (Refer to ASME Code
test specimens are found to fracture in a brittle (cleavage) manner, absorbing Section IX for P-No Definition) and your MOC thickness has limited value
defined in this clause, then you might be exempted from impact testing.
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less energy.
And within the transition temperature range, the fracture is a mixture of ductile But you need to refer to Fig UCS-66 in ASME Code Section VIII Div. 1 and
and brittle nature. see your MOC is listed in which A, B, C or D curves, all ASME carbon steel
and low alloy steel material distributed in these 4 groups (Curves) of materials.
A material would be invulnerable to a sudden drop in notch-toughness at the
lowest specified service (or design) temperature, if only be proved by You need to know the materials listed in curve D has the best toughness
conducting Charpy V-notch Impact tests on representative test samples, at property and better than materials listed in curve C, in similar way materials
reference (the lowest service) temperature.
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listed in curve C has better toughness property to materials listed in curve B UCS-66(a)
and materials listed in Curve B has better than materials listed in Curve A .
So assume in above example your MOC thickness is 1.125 inch instead 1
See Following Fig UCS-66(a): inch, you will not be exempted by UG-20(f) and you have to refer to UCS-
66(a);
But for assessment, based this clause, you need to know your pressure
vessel MDMT (Minimum Design Metal Temperature), assume it is -20 degree
F, so you should now go to Fig. UCS-66 and locate 1.125 inch in horizontal
axis and draw a vertical line;
In similar way locate -20 degree F in vertical axes and draw a horizontal line,
these two lines will cross each other;
see above Figure, the lines identified in red
If the cross point fall above the curve D (because your MOC is listed in curve
D) you are exempted otherwise not, so for current example you are above the
curve D so you are exempted from impact testing.
To simplify your assessment for ASME impact test requirement the Fig-66
has been converted to the table (table UCS-66), so for any MOC with specific
thickness you can go to this table and see what is the minimum permissible
temperature without impact testing.
See following UCS-66(a) Table:
When you determined your MOC curve, then you has to review UG-20(f) and
see for possibility for exemption from ASME impact test requirement, there
are some other condition in this clause which you should consider for
exemption;
For instance the vessel should be hydrostatically tested after completion and
also thermal and mechanical loading not be design controlling factor.
For example if your MOC is normalized SA 516 Gr.70 with 0.75 inch
thickness you will be exempted from ASME impact test requirement;
Your MOC is listed in curve D and up to 1 inch, impact testing is not required,
of course you should assure you will be carry out hydrostatic test as well as
mentioned loadings are not design controlling factor in your considered
pressure vessel. In above example (normalized SA 516 Gr.70, Curve D, 1.125 inch thickness),
minimum permissible Temperature without impact test is -26 degree F, it
means if in above example your MDMT changes from -20 degree F to -27
degree F, then you cannot be exempted from ASME impact test requirement Then go to the Figure UCS-66(b) and in vertical axes locate Ratio and draw a
by UCS-66(a) and you have to proceed to UCS-66(b) horizontal line then locate the cross point with graph and draw a vertical line
to cross horizontal axis;
UCS-66(b)
You will be reach to value of 8 in the horizontal axes, this 8, is your 8 degree
Let us explain this clause with above example your MDMT from above is -27 F bonus from table UCS-66 which you can reduce 8 degree F minimum
degree F, nominal thickness is 1.125 inch, normalized SA 516 Gr.70 listed in permissible temperature in table without impact testing.
curve D and you are not exempted by UCS-66(a)
In above example your MDMT is -27 degree F and in UCS 66 table the
So you are here to continue your assessment to find a chance for exemption, minimum permissible temperature without impact testing designated -26
you have to refer to Fig UCS-66.1 and calculate following formula; degree F so with this clause you can reduce it to -36 degree F(-26 -8 = -34),
your MDMT is -27 degree F so you are exempted from impact testing with
Ratio= tr E / (tn –c)
this clause.
tr is required design thickness for all applicable loading we assume for UCS-68(c)
above example it is 0.95 inch,
Let we change one variable in above example; we assume you need to have
E is your joint efficiency and we assume for this vessel it is 1, it means
your vessel is RT2, -45 degree F for your MDMT, other variable are the same it means
normalized SA 516 Gr.70 listed in curve D, thickness 1.125, so you can see
tn is your nominal thinness which in this example from above it is 1.125 you are not exempted by UCS-66(b);
inches,
Because minimum permissible temperature is -36 degree F but your MDMT is
and C is corrosion allowance and we assume it is 0.125 inches, so let -45 degree F, so UCS-68(c) might be helpful;
calculate:
It says if post weld heat treatment is not code requirement and your P-No is 1
Ratio = 0.95x1/(1.125 – 0.125) Ratio= 0.95 and you carry out post weld heat treatment a 30 degree F bonus will be
See following Fig UCS-66(b): granted to you to reduce minimum permissible temperature in table UCS-66.
So when post weld heat treatment is code requirement?
It is code requirement when your service is lethal and when your thickness for
P-No. 1 is greater than 1.5 inch;
So for our example our service is not lethal and our P -No. is 1 and thickness
is 1.125 and it is less than 1.5 inch therefore post weld heat treatment is not
code requirement.
It means if you carry out post heat treatment a 30 degree F bonus will be
granted by this clause, it means for this example our minimum permissible
temperature would be -36-30=-66 degree F and your MDMT is -45 degree F
so you are exempted from impact testing.
Now the worst case; in above you assume you need to have -70 degree F for
your MDMT; you can see with this new condition you cannot be exempted
even by UCS-68(c) and you have to carry out impact testing.
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