Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 46 views

    Knowledge Management Notes BCA 6th Semester

    Uploaded by

    loyof97175
    Notes of BCA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content

    You might also like

    Knowledge Management Notes BCA 6th Semester

    Uploaded by

    loyof97175
    46 views50 pages
    Notes of BCA

    Original Title

    Knowledge management notes BCA 6th semester

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Notes of BCA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    46 views50 pages

    Knowledge Management Notes BCA 6th Semester

    Uploaded by

    loyof97175
    Notes of BCA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 50
    |» Q.1. What is Buisness Intelligence ? What are the building ‘blocks of Business Intelligence? =~ j Ans. Business Intelligence” Bl is neither a product nor a system. It is an architecture iat a collection of integrated operational as- well as decfsion-support applications and database that provide the business coyamunity easy + access to business data. Business Intelligence ‘Roadmap specifi ‘ically. addresses decision-suport application and databases. . The Pyramid in Figure shows the building blocks ot a business intelligence system: . : tS 7 Data nefPiotntiba. ee | Staten! analyats and w%idization Data warehouse/Data mart fidlmensional cubo analysis: Data sources eee Wy ‘Operational cata Weuments and. jextomaldata .. Data sources : In a first stage, ntegrate the data, stored in the various p vhich are heterogeneous i in origin and he most part.of data belonging to opera’ nelude unstructured documents, such it is necessary to gather and rimary and secondary’ sources, type. The sources consist for tional systems, but may also as emails and data received “trom external providers. Generally speaping, a major effort i is requir to Unity and integrate the different data sources, © ata warehouses and data -marts : Using extraction mation tools known as extract, transform, load (ETL), t data originating from thé different sources are stored in database intended to support business intelligence analyses, Thése database are usually referred to as data warehouses and data marts. Businéss intelligence methodologies : Data are fini extracted and used to feed mathematical ,models; and analyg methodologies intended to support decision makers. In a busing intelligence system, several decision support applications may § implemented, Data exploration : At the third level of the pyramid we fir the tools for performing a, passive business intelligence analysis, whic “consist of query and reporting systems, as well as statistical method These are referred to as passive methodologies because decision make - are requested to generate prior hypotheses or define data extractic criteria, and then use the analysis tools to find“answers and confir their original insight. For instance, consider the sales manager to company who notice that revenues in-a given’ geographic area ha dropped for a specific group of customers. Hence, she might want bear out her hypothesis by using extraction and visualization too and then apply a statistical test to verify that her conclusions a adequately supported by data. , \, Data mining :, The, fourth level. includes active busine intelligence methodologies), whose purpose is the extraction information and knowledge from data. These include mathemati: models for pattern,recognition, machine learning and data mini techniques. ‘ Unlike the tools described at the previous level of the pyram the models of aniactive kind do not require decision makers to formul prior hypothesis to be later verified. Their pupose in instead to expe the decision makers’ knowledge. & ‘Optimization : By moving up one level in the: pyramid wef optimization models that allow us to determine the best solution: of a set of alternative actions, which’is usually fairly extensive t sometimes even infinite: <<<. Decisions : Finally, the top of the pyramid corresponds to choice and the actual adoption of a specific decision, and in some’ represents the natural conclusion of the decision-making process. B when business intelligence methodologies are available and successf - adop¥gd, the choice of a decision pertains to the decision makers,‘ } ‘may also take advantage of informal and unstructured ier ee anailable to adapt and modify.the recommendations and ‘conclusions achieved through the use of mathematical models. . | As we progress from the bottom to the top of the pyramid, businees intelligence systems offer increasingly more advanced support ‘tools of an‘active type. Even roles and competencies change. At the ‘bottom, the required competencies are provided for the most part by the information systems specialists within the organization, usually teferred to as database administrators. Analysis and experts in mathematical and statistical models are responsible for the.-’ intermediate phases. Finally , the activities of decision’ makers ‘responsible for the application domain appear dominant at the top. } Q. 2. Explain the phases of development of ‘Business Intelligence System. ee : ‘ Ans. Development of a Business IntelligenceSystem t The development of a’business ‘intelligence system. can be ‘assimilated to a- Project, with a ‘specific final objective, expected ‘development times and costs, and the usage and.coordination of the resources needed to perform planned activities. Figure''shows the typical development cycle of a business / intelligence architecture. Obviously, the specific path followed by each organization might differ from that outlined in the figure. ; pare Analysis : During the first phase, the needs of the organization relative to the development of a buSiness intelligence system should be carefully identified. This preliminary phase is generally conducted through a series of interyiews "of knowledge workers performing different roles and activities within the organization. It is necessary to clearly describe the general objectives and priorities of the project, as well as to .set. out*the. costs and benefits deriving from the development of the business intelligence system: e Design : The second phase includes two sub-phases and is aimed at deriving a provisional plan of the overall architecture, taking into account any ‘development in the near future and the evolution of the’ system in the mid terms. First, it is necessary to make an assessment of the existing information infrastructures. Moreover, the . main decision-making Processses that are to be supported by the business intelligence system should be examined, in order to adequately determine the information requirements. Later on, using classical. Identification of business needs Infrastructure recognition Project macro planning Detailed project requirements. Identification " of the data. ! Definition of the \ Definition ot dita i mathematical : models needed — Develépment of datal ‘ Wiattirousos » and'data marty: Development. }: | of metadata 4 Release.and testing +: The planning stage includes a sub-phases where t of the business intelligence system are-defined and describe in greater detail. Subsequently, existing data as well as-other dal ‘at might be retrieved externally -are assessed. This allows tt *:formation structures of the business intelligence architecture, whit consist of a central data warehouse and possibly some satellite dat rnarts, to be designed, Simultaneously with the recognition of tk uvdilable data, the mathematical models to be adopted should t defined, ensuring the availability of the data required to feed eat nodél and verfying that the efficiency of the algorithms ° be utilize applications will be adequate for the magnitude of the resulting problems. Finally, it is appropriate to create a system prototype, at low cost and with . limited capabilities, in order to uncover beforehand any, discrepancy between actual needs arid project specifications. * Implementation and control : The last phase consists of five main sub-phases . First, the data warehouse.and each specific data mart are developed. These represent the information infrastructures that will feed the business: intelligence system, In ordér to explain the meaning of the data contained inthe data ‘warehouse and the “transfpmm ations applied in advance +5, the prin ary data,a metadata archive should be created. _ Moreover , ETL procedures are set-out to. extract and transform the data existing in the primary sources, loading them into the data warehouse and the data marts, The next step is aimed at developing the core business intelligence applications that allow the planned analyses to be carried out, Finally, the system is released for test and usage. © a makers are supported. Most important, the Web provides (1) °°" to a. vast body of data, information, and knowledge available aroun the world; (2) a common, user-friendly graphical uéer interface (GU! UL) that’ is easy to learn to use and readily available; (3) the ability.t to effectively collaborate with remote partners: and (4) the’ava He bil of. intellepae search tools that enable managers to fitid the information they neec ‘quickly and inexpént ively! pects Anywhere, anytime support + ‘Using wireless technology, managers can access information anytimé and from anyplace, analyze and interpret it, and communicate-with those involved. z -Q. 4, What is DSS (Decision Support System) ? Ans. Decision Support Systems Adecision support system. (DSS) is a computer-based information system that ‘support business or prganizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations; and planning levels ofan organization and help to make decisions, which. may be rapidly changing and not easily’specified in advance. a -yDSSs include knowledge-baséd systems. A’properly designed DSS is an‘ interactive°software-based: system’ intended to help decision ”_ makers compile useful information ‘from a’combination of raw data, domumients; personal knowledge; or business models to identify and solve problems -and make decisions» 2 Typical: information that'a decision support application might gather and present are’: (i) inventories: of intoeganior: deat? ‘(Gincluding ‘legancy and relational data sources),‘cubes, data warehouses, and data marts), ~ (ii) comparative sales figures between one period and the next, (hs Gi) projected revenue figures based on prodiict sales assumptions. As:with:-the definition; there is no universally-accepted taxonomy of DSS either. Different authors propose different-classifications. Using the: relationship: with’ the «user ‘as’ s the criterion, Pas oeeuech Wailer ditontage oa \(a) Passive DSS =: xb) Active DSS>ooc@ @sios elo! > ¢ (c) Cooperative Dss h 3 . A passive: DSS‘ is:a'system' that aids’the ‘process of decision making, but: that. cannot pen! out explicit decision Sues evione or solutions!,»')” © Lf An active:DSS ‘can bring cus such decisioin suggestions 01 or solutions.\: f Quantitative|'* techniques What -if? analysis . Fig. : Decision Support Syste: A cooperative DSS allows the decision maker (or-its advisor) to modify, complete, or refine the decision suggestion provided by the _ System, before sending them back to the system for validation. : Another taxonomy for-DSS has been created by Daniel Power. Using the mode of assistance as. the eriterion, Power differentiates en DSS, document-driven DSS, communication-driven DSS; lata-drive 4 knowledge-driven DSS, and model-driven DSS. | ao igtl] : 1\A Communication-driven DSS Supports nore than one person working on a shared task; examples include integrated tools like Microsoft’s NetMeeting or Groove Suit Heise TH 2,.A data-driven DSS or data-oriented DSS émphasizeds access to and manipulation of atime series of internal company data and, sometimes, external data. Syeser Tashi of 3. A document-driven DSS ‘Manages, retieves, and jhanipulates unstructured information in a variety of electronic formats. ay : 4. A knowledge-driven DSS provides specialized problem- - ~solving expertise ‘stored as facts, rules, procedures, or in similar structures, 2 PE ey — yo, & A model-drt DSS__ emphasized ‘access=:to” and -manipulation of a stati: tical, financial, optimization, or simulation. -model. Model;driven DSsx e.data and parameters Provided by users (oassiats decision mhekers in analyzing a ‘situation;-+¢ ey are not neesaarily data-iritenaive, Dicodess in an example of an open source. ‘model-driven DSS generator. ce ‘ \ a Q.'5, Explain the components and benefits of Decision iupport System. Ans. Components of DSS rey Three fundamental components of DSS architecture are : 1. The database (or knowledge base), 2, The model (i.e., the decision context and user criteria), 3. The user interface. The users tehmselves are also important components of the rehitecture, DSS components may be classified as : 1. Inputs : Factors, numbers, and characteristics to analyze. 2. User Knowledge and Expertise : Inputs requiring manual’ analysis by the user: 3. Outputs : Transformed data from! which DSS “gergtons” are generated: HAY 4, Decisions Results’ generated by the:DSS en on user criteria. H Benefits; ~1. Improves personal efficiency. «i... | ik 2, Speed'up-the process of decision making. 3. Increases organizational .control. 4, Eneouraes explorating and. diseagery on. the pert oft the decision maker., a 5. Speeds up problem solving i in’an organization: - 6. Facilitates interpersonal communication, 1. Promotes learning or training. ~8. Gener: ew evidence in’ support ‘of | a decision. 9. Creates a competitive, advantage over competition. 10. Reveals new approaches to thinking about the problem space. 11. Helps automatemanagerial processes, Q..6, Explain, the,;Group Decision Support. System and Groupware. : Ans. ...- ..Group Decision Support Systems There is some controversy ‘about what a Group Support System is, Perhaps the | best and simplest definition is ‘‘a computer-based system. to support a meeting.” However, it is an interactive, computer-based ~system that helps a team of decision-makers solve problems and made choices. These systems are targeted to supporting groups in analyzing problem situations and in performing group decision-making tasks. The name itself is very descriptive as it made up of a hybrid system “that uses an elaborate communications infrastructure and heuristic and quantitative models tos phort. dei ae: Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) is also called referre to as a Group Support System (GSS), Collaborative Systems Electronic Meeting System since they shared similar founda ong, However today’s GDSS is characterised ‘by being adapted for A grou of people who collaborate to support integrated systems thinking for complex decision making. Participants use a common computer network to enable collaboration. te rig Adecision support system is an application that analyzes business data and presents it. in a fashion that allows.users to make buiness decisions. more éasily. A decision support system creates . an} environment where ideas and collaboration flourish in an efficient : time-saving manner. With a decision support system you cafialleviat z the constraints of group dynamics by. facilitating more open group discussion with parallel anonymous input:-Decisions are'made with a higher degree of consensus and agreement resulting inta dramatically higher likelihood of implementation. With a decision support system you can bring people together like never before. GDSS contains most of the elements of decision supportisystem plus software to provide effective support in group decision-making. settings. Groupware Groupware is distinguished from GDSS ‘in that groupware is any software package designed to support more than one person working on a shared task OR refers programs that help people work together collectively while locatéd remotely form each other, Programs that: enablé™real time « collaboration “are ‘called synchronous groupware; ‘ : Groupware is multiuser Software that allows users to access the same-data. Also, groupware usually provides’a mechanism that’ help users coordinate and keep track 1 s: Tt] v gether through compuer-supported communication, collaboration, and coordination. Groupware services can include the sharing of calendars, collective writing. e-mail handling, shared database access, electroni¢ meeting with each Person ‘able to see and display information to others, and —much broader category of group s ‘software's Soe groupware products are used however for decision support ant’ pall: groupware products are equally useful in developing decision ‘support capabilities. || @.'2. How do'GDSS work ? |. Ans. In the GDSS, special computer software, the facilitator of ‘gach meeting will first make the agenda of the meeting, which will be ” projected onto a big screen that everyone can see. Then the participants ; will type simultaneously in their ideas of the topic of discussion on, the individual microcomputers next to them: Then the computer will sort the ideas,-and then the participants will then vote or comment _on which ideas'they like or they dislike. In the course of the whole meeting, GDSS: stores; categorizes and prints out all the ideas, ‘comments and vote tallies, so that each of the meeting participants will get’ summary of the meeting when it ends. * What so special about’ GDSS is that it enables meeting participants to simultaneously “‘talk’”’, when:the computerssorts and _sends ideas to each of the terminals, all at the same time. That saves

    You might also like