Plant Available Function in Deficiency Picture/s of Plant w/ Deficiency

Form
Essential Plants Symptoms
Nutrients
1. Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen is essential Deficiency symptoms
(N) (NO₃⁻) for amino acids. It is include:
crucial for
chlorophyll - Slight discoloration in
synthesis, enabling maturer leaves
photosynthesis. - Entire plant looks pale
Additionally, many and thin due to
plant enzymes insufficient branching
require nitrogen for - Larger leaves turn from
essential pale-green to yellow and
biochemical white
reactions. - Leaves and stems and
Maintaining optimal smaller leaves get
nitrogen levels is reddish or purplish
crucial; excess or - Veins and petioles
deficiency can harm become reddish
plants. - Leaves curl and shed
2. Phosphorus Phosphate Phosphorus is a key Deficiency symptoms
(S) (PO₄³⁻) component of ATP, include:
the primary energy
carrier in cells. It - Darkening of leaves
plays a role in with blotches of dark
capturing and discoloration
converting solar - Leaves start to yellow
energy during with brown spots
photosynthesis. - Curling and twisting
Moreover, leaves
phosphorus is - Overall stunted growth
involved in the - Reduced vigor and
process of cellular leaves feel stiff
respiration, - Poor root development
producing energy - Small flowers and poor
from glucose. yield

3. Potassium Potassium Potassium helps Deficiency symptoms

(K) Ion (K⁺) regulate osmotic include:
pressure within
plant cells, - Scorching along leaf
maintaining cell margins
turgor and - Plants grow slowly and
hydration. It plays a have poorly developed
role in regulating root systems
stomatal openings - Stalks are weak and
and closures, lodging is common
affecting gas - Lower resistance to
exchange and water disease and moisture
loss. stress.
4. Calcium Calcium Ion Calcium plays a vital Deficiency symptoms
(Ca) (Ca²⁺) role in building and include:
maintaining strong
cell walls, providing - Brown or black necrotic
rigidity and strength spots or edges on young
to plant cells. It leaves, which may
regulates the spread inward.
permeability of cell - Distorted or irregularly
membranes, shaped new leaves.
controlling the - Reduced growth in
movement of both shoots and roots.
nutrients and water - Upward or downward
into and out of cells. curling of leaves,
particularly at the edges.

5. Magnesium Magnesium Magnesium is a Deficiency symptoms

(Mg) Ion (Mg²⁺) central component include:
of the chlorophyll
molecule, essential - Yellowing of the leaves
for capturing between the veins, while
sunlight and the veins remain green.
converting it into - Upward or downward
chemical energy curling of leaf margins or
during the entire leaf.
photosynthesis. It is - Brown or black necrotic
involved in the spots or edges on the
synthesis of older leaves
proteins and other - Premature dropping of
organic compounds. leaves.
6. Sulfur (S) Sulfate Sulfur is a Deficiency symptoms
(SO₄²⁻) component of include:
essential amino
acids like cysteine - General yellowing of
and methionine, the foliage, similar to
which are building nitrogen deficiency
blocks of proteins. - Stunting of plants and
It is crucial for delayed maturity
protein synthesis, - Interveinal chlorosis of
enzymes, and other the youngest leaves may
essential compound. occur.

7. Iron (Fe) Ferrous Iron is essential for Deficiency symptoms

Iron (Fe²⁺) the synthesis of include:
chlorophyll, the
pigment responsible - Interveinal yellowing of
for capturing the younger leaves,
sunlight and while the veins remain
facilitating green. This is often one
photosynthesis. Iron of the earliest and most
plays a role in DNA characteristic signs of
synthesis and cell iron deficiency.
division. In - Leaves may appear
leguminous plants, pale or whitish due to
iron is required for chlorosis, especially
the proper function between the leaf veins.
of nitrogenase, the - Delayed or reduced
enzyme responsible flowering and smaller or
for nitrogen fixation. fewer fruits.
8. Manganese Manganese Manganese is a Deficiency symptoms
(Mn) Oxide cofactor for several include:
(MnO₂) enzymes involved in
various metabolic - Leaves may develop
processes, including brown or bronze-colored
antioxidant defense spots or patches due to
and carbohydrate necrosis.
metabolism. - Reduced
Manganese is photosynthetic rate and
involved in the efficiency due to
uptake and chlorosis and necrosis.
translocation of iron - Plants with manganese
within the plant. deficiency may become
more susceptible to
diseases and
environmental stresses.

9. Boron (B) Boric Acid Boron is essential Deficiency symptoms

(H₃BO₃) for the synthesis include:
and stabilization of - The growing points or
cell walls, helping to terminal buds may die
maintain structural back, leading to stunted
integrity of plant growth.
cells. Boron is - Death and necrosis of
involved in cell root tips, leading to
elongation, reduced root growth and
especially in the branching.
root tips, - Leaves may show
contributing to root marginal chlorosis or
growth and necrosis which can
development. progress inward.
10. Molybdenu Molybdate Molybdenum is an Deficiency symptoms
m (Mn) (MoO₄²⁻) essential component include:
in two enzymes that
convert nitrate into - Symptoms show up on
nitrite and then into older and middle leaves,
ammonia before it is but it spreads up the
used to synthesize stem and affects the
amino acids within new leaves.
the plant. It also - Thin chlorotic leaf
needed by symbiotic margins around the leaf
nitrogen fixing perimeter
bacteria in legumes - Whole leaf turns pale
to fix atmospheric and can also be followed
nitrogen. by marginal necrosis

11. Copper Copper Copper plays a role Deficiency symptoms

(Cu) Sulfate in the synthesis of include:
(CuSO₄) chlorophyll, the
pigment responsible - Wilting and drooping of
for capturing mature leaves may be
sunlight and the first visible symptom
facilitating of Cu deficiency
photosynthesis. - A gradual fading of
Copper is essential colour with distance
for the synthesis of from the main veins
lignin, a complex - Chlorotic leaves may
polymer that develop spots or patches
provides structural of necrosis
support to plant
tissues.
12. Zinc (Zn) Zinc Ion Zinc plays a crucial Deficiency symptoms
(Zn²⁺) role in the synthesis include:
of proteins and
nucleic acids, - Leaves will appear pale
contributing to green between veins
overall plant growth with yellowing of the leaf
and development. tips and outer margin
Zinc helps plants - Early stages of
respond to various deficiency, leaves can be
environmental crumpled or dwarfed
stresses, including - Can cause terminal
drought, heat, and pods to drop during
pathogen attacks. flowering

13. Chlorine Chloride Chlorine plays a role Deficiency symptoms

(Cl) Ion (Cl⁻) in the include:
water-splitting
process of - The most commonly
photosynthesis, described symptom of Cl
contributing to the deficiency is wilting of
production of leaves, especially at the
oxygen. Chlorine margins
helps maintain - As the deficiency
osmotic balance progresses and becomes
within plant cells, more severe, the leaves
regulating water exhibit curling, bronzing,
movement and cell chlorosis, and necrosis.
turgor pressure.
14. Nickel (Ni) Nickel Ion Nickel plays a role in Deficiency symptoms
(Ni²⁺) nitrogen include:
metabolism,
facilitating the - Minor nickel deficiency
conversion of urea displays no visual
to ammonia through symptoms, but can
the enzyme urease. reduce growth and yield
Nickel is involved in of plants.
the uptake and - In legumes are
translocation of iron exhibited as whole leaf
within the plant, chlorosis along with
influencing iron necrotic leaf tips
metabolism.

15. Cobalt (Co) Cobaltous Cobalt is crucial for Deficiency symptoms

Sulfate the function of include:
(CoSO₄) nitrogenase, the
enzyme responsible - Stunted growth.
for converting - Reddening of stems.
atmospheric - Uniform paling,
nitrogen (N2) into yellowing, or reddening
ammonia (NH3) of leaves.
during nitrogen - Small root nodules on
fixation in legumes.
leguminous plants. - Nitrogen deficiency
Cobalt contributes symptoms in legumes.
to seed germination - Reduced seed
and early seedling production.
growth. - Reduced germination
of the next generation of
seeds in dry conditions.
16. Sodium Sodium Sodium helps Deficiency symptoms
(Na) Chloride maintain osmotic include:
(NaCl) balance within plant
cells, regulating Signs of sodium
water movement deficiency are similar in
and cell turgor all species for which it is
pressure. Sodium essential. Leaves
assists in become chlorotic and in
maintaining the severe cases the
balance of cations in margins and tips become
plant cells. necrotic.

17. Silicon (Si) Sodium Silicon (Si) is an Deficiency symptoms

Silicate abundant element includes:
which, when -leaves and culms
supplied to plants, become soft and droopy
confers increased thus increasing mutual
vigor and resistance shading
to exogenous -reduced photosynthetic
stresses, as well as activity
enhanced stem -lower/reduced grain
mechanical yields
strength. -increased occurrence of
diseases such as blast