A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

“MEASUREMENT OF SOUND POLLUTION BY DECIBEL SOUND LEVEL

METER”

Presented to,
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

IN

Partial fulfillment of,

The degree of
B.Sc.Bed.

BY

AKSHADA DASHRATH MARGAJE

T.Y. B.Sc.BEd (PHYSICS)

Sou Nirmalatai Thopate College Of Education Bhor

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF.WARALE MADAM

2023-24

1
 Exam seat no:-

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Miss.Akshada Dashrath Margaje of T.Y.B.Sc.BEd

(Physics) has completed her project report on “MEASUREMENT OF SOUND

POLLUTION BY DECIBEL SOUND LEVEL METER” during the academic

year 2018-21 under my supervision.

Prof.Warale Madam
(Guide)

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to thank the Principal Dr.Sandhya Chavan of my college for permitting me to

use all facilities available in the institution for my project work. I would also like to thank
the Head, department of Physics Prof.Warale Madam, for allowing facilities available in
the department, also thank to the teaching faculties and all the non – teaching staff of my
college for their support in completing the work successfully.

2
 I am grateful to my guide Prof. Warale Madam for his encouragement, guidance and
supervision of my project work “MEASUREMENT OF SOUND POLLUTION BY
DECIBEL SOUND LEVEL METER” during the year.
I am thankful to all my teachers for the valuable guidance.
I am also thankful to the Lab.assistance, attendants and for their lot of co-operation.
My friends have been of a great help to me during the project work who were not directly
but indirectly involved in my project.

Date:
Miss. Margaje Akshada.
T. Y. B.Sc.Bed. (PHYSICS)
INDEX ❖ Chapter No. :- 1
Introduction

❖ Chapter No. :- 2
Theory
❖ Audible Sound
❖ Characteristics of Musical Sound ❖ Why Measure Sound Intensity?
❖ Sound Power
❖ Acoustic Intensity and Intensity level of a sound Measurement ❖
What is Decibel?
❖ Sensation Level
❖ Acoustic Pressure and it’s Measurement
❖ Ambient Sound Level Standard in India ❖
Effect of Sound Pollution

❖ Chapter No. :- 3
• Experimental Work
❖ Sound Level Meter
❖ Observation Tables

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 ❖ Chapter No. :- 4
• Conclusions And Result

❖ Chapter No. :- 5
References

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Effect of sound pollution or noise may be either auditory or psychological or sociological.

Auditory effects include both hearing loss and speech interference. It should be appreciated
that the effect of noise upon people depends mainly upon the loudness of the sound, which
is related to sound pressure level and frequency of sound. A continued exposure to loud
noise causes hearing loss, which can lead to hearing handicap and deafness.
There are several methods that can be utilized for controlling the level of noise. First of all,
the design and technology of machines/equipment could be altered resulting in low noise
emission. Secondly, noise barriers may help us control noise. A third method is to protect
receptors of sound by a shield e.g. building may be insulated against noise. Similarly, body
and window planes may be made sound proof. Apart from technology,
We may undertake various steps to modify or regulate the behavior of users of machines
And equipment. Though a legal framework could be enforced to regulate users of
vehicles/equipment, but it requires huge resources and good governance. The public
education appears to be a good option because it is a social problem. Sheer ignorance about
the adverse effects of noise pollution appear to be a key factor in laying inadequate stress
on controlling or reducing its levels. To make India a world-class destination for tourism,
industry, and a place for healthy living, the development and implementation of
A comprehensive noise control programme is a dire need of hour. This study identifies the
sources of noise that create noise pollution.
In my present study I have measured sound intensity level at various public places such as
bus stand, hospitals and highway in the surrounding area with the help of sound level meter.

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 CHAPTER II: THEORY
Sound and music are parts of our everyday sensory experiments. Just as humans have
eyes for the detection of light and color, so we have ears for the recognition of sound. The
basis for an understanding of sound, music and hearing is the physics of waves. Sound is a
wave that is created by vibrating objects and propagated through a medium from one
location to another. In this unit, we will study basic terminology related to sound, acoustic
intensity and pressure, concepts of reverberation and application of it for construction of
auditorium.
Sound is one of the forms of energy that travels in the form of waves which are progressive
and longitudinal. The sound is due to vibrations of some material body acting as a source.
Due to vibrations, compressions or rarefactions are produced alternately and they travel in
the medium.
Depending upon the frequency range, the waves can be classified into three categories.
1. Audible waves or Sound waves are the sound waves having their frequency in between
20 Hz to 20 KHz and can be heard by human ears. These waves are produced by vibrating
bodies such as vocal cords (human and animal voice), air column (flute, clarinet etc.),
stretched strings (violin, guitar etc.) and stretched membrane (drums, loudspeaker etc.)
2. Infrasonic waves are the waves having frequency lower than the audible limit (below 20
Hz). These waves are produced by large vibrating bodies e.g. vibrations generated during
earthquakes, vibrations of pendulum. Human ear is not sensitive of these waves.
3. Ultrasonic waves are the waves of frequency higher than 20 KHz (which are above the
limit of human audibility). Human ear is not sensitive to these waves.

• Audible sounds are classified into two groups, namely musical sound and noise.
1. Musical sound: It is pleasant, continuous and uniform sound produced by regular and
periodic vibrations e.g. sound produced by a tuning fork, flute, piano etc. Fig. 6.1 (a) shows
the waveform of a typical musical sound. A musical sound produces pleasing sensation
(effect) on human ear.
2. Noise: A noise is an abrupt sound of a complex character with an irregular period and
amplitude originating from a source in non-periodic motion.
It is unpleasant, discontinuous and non-uniform sound produced by irregular

5
succession of disturbances as shown in Fig. All sound other than musical notes are noises.
E.g. sound produced during explosion of crackers, sounds in factory, sound produced by
moving vehicle etc. There are sudden changes in loudness.

Fig. Musical Sound and Noise

• Characteristics of Musical sound:

There are three fundamental Characteristics of a musical sound. These are (I)
Pitch,
(II) Loudness,
(III) Quality or Timber.

Definitions:

1. Sound Intensity: the amount of sound energy crossing put unit area around a point
in one second is known as intensity of sound. Since rate of flow of energy power,
the intensity of sound wave is measured in unit of power per unit area. The sound
intensity is proportional to square of the wave amplitude, Thus,

I α p2

Where P is pressure amplitude. The intensity of faintest sound wave can be heard is
about 10-12 W/m2.

Noises very often and most simply defined as unwanted sound

technically, “sound” consists of a disturbance, which propagates, in an elastic medium in
the form of sound wave at speed that is determined by the properties of that medium. The
compression of the air molecules causes a local increase in air density and pressure.

6
Conversely, rare fraction causes local decrease in air density and pressure. The alternating
pressure changes are the sound detected by the human ear.
Why Measure Sound Intensity?
On the factory floor we can make sound pressure measurements and find out if the workers
risk hearing damage. But once we have found this, we may well want to reduce the noise.
To do this, we need to know how much noise is being radiated and by what machine. We
therefore need to know the sound power of the individual machines and the rank them in
order of highest sound power. Once we have located the machine making most noise we
may want to reduce the noise by locating the individual components.

We can do all this with intensity measurements. Previously we could only

measure pressure which is dependent on the sound field. Sound power can be relegated to
sound pressure only under carefully controlled conditions where special assumptions are
made about the sound field. Specially constructed rooms such as an anechoic or reverberant
chambers fulfill these requirements.

Traditionally, to measure sound power, the noise source had to be place in

these rooms. Sound intensity however, can be measured in any sound field. No assumptions
need to be made. This property allows all the measurements to be done directly in Situ and
measurements on individual machines or individual components can be made even when
all the others are radiating noise, because steady background noise makes no contributions
to the sound power determined when measuring intensity.

Because sound intensity gives a measure of direction as well as magnitude.

It is also very useful when locating sources of sound. Therefore the radiation patterns of
complex vibrating machinery can be study in situ.
SOUND POWER

The travelling waves of sound pressure transmit energy in the direction of propagation of
the sound wave the rate at which this work is done is defined as the “sound power”. “Sound
intensity” is defined as the weighted average sound power per unit area normal to the
direction of propagation of sound wave sound power and sound intensity are related as
follows:

I =W/A

Where, W = Sound power, Newton / m2

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 Intensity depends on following factors:
i. Amplitude: I α a2, Where a is the amplitude of the sounding body.
ii. Surface Area: I α A, where A is the surface area of the sounding body. iii. Distance
between the source and the listener: I α 1/d2, where d is distance between source
and the listener, provided the source produces sound waves in all direction.
iv. Density of the medium: Greater is the density of medium more is the intensity of
the sound.
v. Motion of air: If air is blowing in the direction of propagation of the sound waves,
intensity of sound increases and vise-versa.
2. Pitch: It is the characteristic of a musical sound by which we can distinguish a shrill
sound from a grave (hoarse) sound even though the two sounds may be of the same
intensity. A shrill sound (sound of higher pitch) is produced by a source of high
frequency.
Pitch is a sensation which determines the shrillness of a sound. Pitch depends upon the
frequency but it does not depends upon loudness or quality. Pitch is subjective and
cannot be measured quantitative. If the frequency of a sound is high, its pitch is also
high and the sound is said to be shrill. If the frequency of sound is low, its pitch is
also low and the sound is said to be greave or flat. Thus, higher the frequency of
the sound, higher is its pitch and vise-versa.
Examples:
i. The voice of children and ladies is shrill because of higher pitch.
ii. The voice of an old man is hoarse because of low pitch. iii. The sound
produced by mosquito is high pitch and is, therefore, shrill.
Note that pitch is practically independent of quality i.e. timber and loudness.
3. Loudness: The characteristic of musical sound by which a loud sound can be
distinguished from a faint sound even if two have the same pitch, is called loudness
.It is associated with the intensity of sound which is definite physical quantity
independent of the ear and is measured by the amount of the wave energy crossing
per unit time through a unit area taken perpendicularly to the direction of
propagation.

Loudness of the sound relates to the degree of sensation depending on the

intensity of sound and the sensitiveness of the ear.
The phone is a unit of loudness level for pure tones. The number of phone of sound is
the dB SPL of a sound at a frequency 1 KHz that sounds just as loud. This implies
that 0 phone is the limit of perception and inaudible sounds have negative font level
Loudness depends upon the intensity of sound near the ear. Loudness and intensity are
related to each other by relation.

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 Loudness α log I
L = K log10 (I1/I0)
If the intensity of sound near the ear is high loudness will be more. The intensity and
hence loudness of sound depends upon the following factors:
i. Amplitude of vibration of source: the greater amplitude of vibration of the source
the greater is the loudness of sound and vice-versa.

ii. Motion of the medium: If the wind is blowing in the direction of propagation of
sound loudness is increased. On the other hand if wind is blowing is a direction
opposite to the propagation of sound loudness is decreased.

iii. Surface area of the vibrating body: Loudness is directly proportional to the
surface area of the source of sound e.g. tuning fork of large size produces a loud
sound as compared to that of small fork.

iv. Frequency of the source: Loudness of a vibrating body is directly proportional to

the square of the frequency of a vibrating body.

4 Quality (or timber): It is that characteristics of a musical sound which enables

us to distinguish between the sounds produce by two different musical
instruments or two different persons although their pitch and loudness may be
same. It is because of this characteristics that we are able to recognize the voice
of known person over the telephone or to distinguish between the sounds
produced by different musical instruments in an orchestra.
We can always distinguish the sound produced by different instruments
in an orchestra even though they may be producing the same tone with equal
loudness. This property of a musical sound is called its quality of timber.
The sound from an instruments or any other source does not contain note of
a single frequency but contains vibration of different frequencies and different
amplitude the lowest frequency is called fundamental frequency and higher
frequencies are called harmonics the higher frequencies are multiple of
fundamental frequencies some instruments produced or harmonics some
produce even harmonics and some produce all harmonics the waveform of
sound depends upon the presence of this harmonics.
Thus the quality of sound depends upon the number of harmonics and
hence quality of sound produced is different.

Examples:

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 1. A note played on a piano has a large number of harmonics will the same note
when played on a flute contain only a few harmonic for this reason musical
sound from piano is more rich than that of a flute

2. When string instruments (e.g. violin, sitar etc.) are played, they are plucked near
one end instead of in the middle. It is because plucking near the end produces
more harmonics and gives a richer sound.

• Acoustic intensity and Intensity level of a sound:

We know that the sound waves propagate in the form of longitudinal
waves. The intensity of sound waves is the amount of energy propagating
through unit area in unit time. It is given by

I = 2 Ԓ 2 ρ n2a2c

Where, n is the frequency, ₰ is the density of a medium, a is the amplitude

and c is the velocity of the wave. Thus, we see that the intensity of a periodic
sound wave is proportional to the square of the displacement amplitude and to
the square of the frequency. The SI unit of intensity is watt per square meter
(W/m2).

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What is a Decibel?
The decibel measures sound pressure or electrical pressure (voltage) levels. It is a
logarithmic unit that describes a ratio of two intensities, such as two different sound
pressures, two different voltages, and so on. A bell (named after Alexander Graham
Bell) is a base-ten logarithm of the ratio between two signals. This means that for every
additional bell on the scale, the signal represented is ten times stronger. For example,
the sound pressure level of a loud sound can be billions of times stronger than a quiet
sound. Written logarithmically, one billion (1,000,000,000 or 109) is simply 9.
Decibels make the numbers much easier to work with.
In practice, a bell is a bit too large to use for measuring sound, so a one-tenth unit
called the decibel is used instead. The reason for using decibels instead of bells is no
different from the reason for measuring shoe size in, say, centimeters instead of meters;
it is a more practical unit.
A convenient scale for expressing loudness (called intensity level or sound level) is the
decibel scale defined by:
Intensity level in decibel (dB) = 10 log10 (I/I0)
Where I = Intensity of sound under consideration

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 I0= Intensity of least audible sound = 10-12 W/m2
Intensity level of least audible sound is

10 log10 (I/I0) = 10 log 10 10 -12 /10-12 = 0 dB

If a sound has intensity 1 W/m2, its intensity level is

Intensity level = 10 log10 (I/I0) = 10 log10 1 /10-12 =10 log10 1012 = 120dB
or 12 bell (Note that 1 bell = 10 dB)
Whenever the intensity of sound increases by a factor of 10, the increase in intensity is
said to be 1 bell.

Definition: 1 bell is defined as the relative intensity between two sound notes if one is
10 times more intense than the other.
Thus intensity level in bell is I.L. = 10 log10 (I/I0)
The following table gives intensity levels of some sounds.

Table: Intensity levels of different sound

Sound Intensity level in dB

Threshold of audibility 0
Rustling of levels 20
Radio at home (normal volume) 40
Conversation (normal) 60 – 65
Roaring of lion (at a distance of 6 m) 90
Thunder 100 - 110
Threshold of feeling (pain) 120

Limits of Audibility
Limits of audibility depends upon the intensity and frequency of sound. In order to
hear sound, it must have minimum intensity and frequency.

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 Log10 (pressure)
In N/m2

Frequency in hertz

Fig. Limits of Audibility

• Threshold of Audibility: The smallest audible intensity for a given frequency is
called Threshold of Audibility. The Threshold of Audibility is at the intensity 10 -12
W/m2 at 1 kHz frequency (or 0 dB level).
• Threshold of Feeling: The maximum audible intensity without painful sensation is
called Threshold of Feeling. It is the upper pitch limit of audibility. The minimum
audible intensity and maximum audible intensity varies with frequency of sound. The
limits of audibility is explained with the help of audiogram drawn by We gel.
The least audible intensity i.e. Threshold of audibility of ear varies greatly with
frequency. It is smallest at 1 kHz frequency and increases with decrease of frequency
about 1kHz. The human audibility curve i.e. intensity level versus frequency curve is
shown in fig.
• In an audiogram, frequency is plotted along X-axis and intensity (pressure in N/m2) is
along Y-axis on a logarithmic scale. In fig., curve a represents threshold of audibility
and curve B represents Threshold of Feeling. When extrapolated these curves enclose
an area of audiogram. This enclosed area is called auditory sensation area for a normal
ear. If pitch and the intensity of any sound are beyond the limit set by the auditory
sensation area, the sound is not heard.
• Human ear is sensitive for frequency in the range 500 Hz to 7 kHz. This range
represents the range of ordinary speech. The peak sensitiveness of ear ranges from 2
K to 2.5 kHz. Beyond frequency of 8 kHz the ear is insensitive. The frequencies of

13
 music vary in between 40 Hz to 4000 Hz. The threshold of intensity increases both at
high and low frequency levels. The increase is more at low frequency level. The
intensity that causes the painful sensation in ear is maximum at frequency of about
800 Hz. However at this frequency of threshold of audibility is low. At about 1 kHz
the ratio between these two pressure amplitudes is 107:1. The lowest audible frequency
is 30 Hz whereas the highest is 20 kHz (audible range).Audibility range varies
according to age, hence audiogram varies accordingly.

Sensation Level :

• The sensation level of a sound of any frequency is measured by the ratio of actual
intensity of sound and the least audible sound intensity at that frequency. It is also
measured in db.
• Suppose In be the actual intensity of sound at frequency n and I n0 be the least audible
intensity (threshold of audibility) at that frequency. Then the sensation level in dB is
Sensation level = 10 log10 (In/I n0 )
• For example, if the actual intensity of sound is 10-2 W/m2, at the frequency 100Hz and
the least audible intensity at 100Hz is 10-10 W/m2, then the sensation level is,

S.L. = 10 log10 (10-2/10-10)

= 10 log10 108

= 80 dB
• The intensity level given in table refers to the loudness in decibel with the assumption
that the threshold of audibility is same, irrespective of pitch of sound. However, the
sensitivity of ear and threshold of audibility vary over wide range of frequency and
intensity.
• For measuring frequency, different unit called phone is used. The measure of loudness
in phone of any sound is equal to the intensity level in decibels of an equally loud pure
tone of frequency 1000Hz. (phone scale and dB scale agree at 1 kHz)

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Acoustic Intensity Level Measurement

Rayleigh Disc Method

▪ Principle – It is based on the hydro dynamical principle that when a flat

body is held at an angle in a stream of fluid, there acts a couple on it
tending to set its flat surface at right angles to the stream. In the case of
a circular disc of radius ‘r’ in a fluid of density ‘ρ’, the normal to the disc
making an angle ‘θ’ with the direction of the undisturbed stream Koenig
show that the couple ‘G’ acting on the disc is given by

Where, u is the velocity of the stream.

It is obvious from this relation that G is maximum when θ = 450, thus

indicating the optimum setting. G can be measured by means of torsion
suspension or a magnetic couple and intensity found by using the value
of u2 so obtained. Since, the couple is proportional to u2, it is independent
of the direction of flow and relation therefore holds both for direct and
alternating flow, in the latter case u will represent the root mean square
velocity.
Rayleigh made use of this hydro dynamical principle for
comparing the intensities of two sounds of the same pitch-the intensity
being proportional to u2 which is measured by the couple G.

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 Fig. Illustrative Principle of Rayleigh’s Disc Method
• Absolute measurement of the intensity of sound is very difficult as it requires the
measurement of quantities displacement, pressure, amplitude, etc. having very small
magnitude.
• Mainly Rayleigh disc is used for absolute measurement and microphones of different
kind are calibrated using these measurements.
• The experimental arrangement of Rayleigh disc is shown in fig.

Scale
Cylindrical
resonator
Lamp

Disc

Fig. Rayleigh’s Disc Method

• It consist of horizontal cylindrical resonator. In that resonator a circular disc is

suspended by means of quarts fiber. Initially the surface of the disc is at 400 to the axis
of the resonator. Mirror M is attached to the fiber and reflected light from it is taken
on the scale. If the sound wave enters in the resonator, the disc gets deflected and
torsional couple acts on the fiber. Due to the couple we get deflection on the scale. The
couple C acting on the circular disc is given by

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 C = 4/3 ρ r3v2sin2θ

Where, r – radius of the disc ρ –

Density of the medium

V – Velocity of the medium

• The couple C is proportional to the mean square of the velocity in the alternating air
current and at the spot on the scale is proportional to the intensity at that point. The
deflection of the spot on the on the scale is proportional to the intensity.

Two sounds, whose intensities are to be compared, are used to produce resonance in the
cylindrical resonator separately. The respective deflection of the disc from initial θ = 450
position are measured by observing the deflection of the spot at light in lamp and scale
arrangement. In this way, intensities are compared.

Acoustic Pressure and its Measurement

Intensity of sound is the average rate of the transfer of energy per unit area
perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It is given by

I = 2 Ԓ 2 ρ n2a2c Where,
ρ – density of the medium
n – Frequency of the sound a
– amplitude of the wave and c
– Velocity of sound
The velocity of sound is given by

C = √ (K/ ρ)

Where, K is bulk modulus of the medium.

We have

K = - p/ (dB/V)

Where p is the excess pressure applied by sound waves on the medium and dB/V
is the volume strain.

C = √-p/ (dB/V) ρ p

= - (dB/V) ρ c2

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 The displacement of the partial of the medium is

∂y/∂x = - kea cost (it – ox) [as y = as in (it – ox)]

If the cross sectional area of the medium is constant then

∂y/∂x = dB/V
P = kaρc2 is called maximum pressure or pressure amplitude.
We have k = 2Ԓ/λ

P0 = 2Ԓ/λ a ρ c2

= 2Ԓ a cu c/λ

= 2Ԓ a cu n (since c = no)
Intensity can be written as
I = (2Ԓ a cu n) 2/2 cu
Above equation gives that the intensity of sound varies directly as square of excess
pressure. Hence to obtain the value of intensity, it is important to determine excess
pressure. The average maximum pressure at the threshold of audibility is

P0 = 0.0002 dynes/cm2

• We know that for a plane wave the intensity of sound wave is equal to the product of
average density and velocity of sound. The average energy density depends on the
frequency and amplitude. Hence energy can also be expressed in terms of pressure
amplitude, displacement amplitude and velocity amplitude.
• We have seen that the pressure amplitude is very small (of the order of 10 -12 W/m2 for
audible sound and 10-2 W/m2 for loud sound).
• The displacement amplitude can be directly measured by Bundt’s tube using smoke
particles with loud sound where displacement of particles are clearly visible with the
microscope, and can be measured directly.

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SOUND LEVEL OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOUNDS :

Sr. No. Source Sound level dB

Threshold of hearing 0
1
Normal Breathing / Leaves rustling 10
2
Whispering / Tick of watch / Rustle of paper 30
3
Normal conversational speech (at 1 m 60
4 distance)
Automobile noise in busy street 70
5
Hearing damage begins 80
6
Most factories / official safe level 90
7
Food blender at 0.6 m distance 100
8
Unusable without acoustic helmet 150
9
Noisy Weapon 200
10

AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL STANDARD IN INDIA :

India Lea in dB
Area Day (6 AM to 9 PM) Night (9 PM to 6 AM)
Sr. No.
Industrial area 75 70
1

19
 Commercial area 65 55
2
Residential area 55 45
3
Silence Zone 50 40
4

Ambient Noise Standard –

Ambient Air Quantity Standard in respect of noise in India, as given in schedule
iii of the environment (protection) Rule, 1986.
For industrial works permissible noise exposure is 90 dB for 8 hr. / day, 99dBA
for 1 hr. /day and may 90 up to 114 dB for 2 minute/day.

20
 EFFECT OF SOUND POLLUTION -

Effect of sound pollution or noise may be either auditory or psychological or

sociological. Auditory effects include both hearing loss and speech interference. It
should be appreciated that the effect of noise upon people depends mainly upon the
loudness of the sound, which is related to sound pressure level and frequency of sound.
A continued exposure to loud noise causes hearing loss, which can lead to hearing
handicap and deafness.
The psychological / sociological effects include annoyance, sleep interference, effects
on performance, fatigue, physical disturbances like change in digestion, metabolism,
blood circulation etc. & essential acoustical privacy particularly when associated with
continued exposure to a high level of noise. Noise level more than 50 dB may interfere
with the normal conversation, which may be difficult at levels more than 70 dB steady
noises, however, do not seem to interfere with human performance unless the noise
level exceeds 90 db. The sound level of irregular peaks even when below 90 dB
interferes with the performance.

STRATOSPHERE OZONE DEPLETION -

The stratosphere is the layer of atmosphere above the troposphere from 12 to 70 km high.
In this layer, as well as above it oxygen absorbs.

CHAPTER II: EXPERIMENTAL WORK

The Sound Level Meter
The instrument used for measuring sound levels is a Sound Level Meter (SLM) or Decibel
meter. It consists of a microphone to detect the sound and convert it to a voltage, an
amplifier to increase this voltage and a meter to display the sound level in db.

Observations Tables: 1

Sound Intensity (dB)

21
Sr. Place Time
No. 01/01/2024 15/01/2024

1 NH4 PUNE 9:00 94 dB 95 dB

SATARA AM
Highway
2 4:00 PM 108 dB 105 dB

3 7:00 PM 98 dB 110 dB

Observations Tables: 2

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
01/01/2024 15/01/2024

1 SAHIRWAL 2:30 PM 108 dB 98 dB

Market
2 2:40 PM 104 dB 104 dB

3 2:50 PM 106 dB 102 dB

Observations Tables: 3

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
03/01/2024 13/01/2024

1 S.M.T College 9:00 84 dB 94 dB

bhor AM

2 3:30 PM 80 dB 90 dB

3 4:30 PM 68 dB 88 dB

22
 Observations Tables: 4

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
03/01/2024 17/01/2024

1 A bhor Market 2:30 PM 108 dB 102 dB

2 2:45 PM 104 dB 106 dB

3 3:00 PM 106 dB 108 dB

Observations Tables: 5

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
05/01/2024 09/01/2024

1 A bhor 9:00 88 dB 84 dB
Government AM
Hospital
2 4:00 PM 82 dB 86 dB

3 7:00 PM 78 dB 74 dB

Observations Tables: 6

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
07/01/2024 10/01/2024

1 Spiral S.T. Stand 9:00 92 dB 95 dB

AM

2 4:00 PM 102 dB 102 dB

23
 3 6:00 PM 98 dB 93 dB

Observations Tables: 7

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
08/01/2024 15/01/2024

1 Dattakrupa Stone 1:30 PM 116 dB 114 dB

Crusher
2 1:35 PM 114 dB 120 dB

3 1:40 PM Above 120 dB Above 120 dB

Observations Tables: 8

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
11/01/2024 12/01/2024

1 A bhor S.T. Stand 9:30 104 dB 98 dB

AM

2 4:00 PM 112 dB 114 dB

3 6:00 PM 98 dB 106 dB

Observations Tables: 9

24
Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)
No.
18/01/2024 19/01/2024

1 A bhor Crusher 4:10 PM 112 dB 116 dB

2 4:20 PM 115 dB 112 dB

3 4:30 PM 114 dB 114 dB

Observations Tables: 10

Sr. Place Time Sound Intensity (dB)

No.
21/01/2024 22/01/2024

1 Sugar Factory 3:00 PM 118 dB 116 dB

2 3:25 PM Above 120 dB 118 dB

3 4:00 PM Above 120 dB Above 120 dB

CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSIONS AND RESULTS

1) Our observations of sound intensity measured at the different public places exceed
the Indian standard values.
2) We have observed that in the region of crusher and sugar factory the sound intensity
is maximum i.e. above 120 dB at 2.23 PM
3) In Government Hospital also the sound intensity is maximum than the standard
values.
4) In near highway the sound intensity is near about 100 – 110 dB it is also maximum.
5) Hence in India most public places are polluted.

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 CHAPTER V: References

1. Physics
1) STANDARD 12th S. Y. GAMBHIR
C. H. SAVE D. B.
KULKARNI

2) S.Y.Bsc.Bed. Oscillations, Waves and

Sound Dr. P.S. TAMBADE Dr.
B. G. WAGH

2. Wikipedia and Google

3. Sound with Theory of Oscillations And Waves

D. R. KHANNA

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