Motherboard

Motherboard
• is a printed circuit board that is the
foundation of a computer and allows
the CPU, RAM, and all other computer
hardware components to function and
communicate with each other.
Parts of motherboard:
1. 4 pin CPU Fan pin-out 8. NORTH BRIDGE 18. MEMORY SLOT
connectors 9. SOUTH BRIDGE 19. PCI SLOT
2. 12v 4 pin CPU Power 10. SUPER I/O Controller 20. Ethernet Card Sound Card
Connector
11. SCREW HOLE Modem Card
3. 24 pin ATX Power 21. AGP SLOT
Connector 12. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
22. PCI EXPRESS X1
4. FRONT PANEL 13. JUMPERS
CONNECTORS 23. CPU
14. FWH IN PLCC
5. BIOS 24. CPU SOCKET -
15. CAPACITOR
6. CMOS BATTERY 25. CPU FAN
16. USB HEADER
7. INDUCTOR 26. HEAT SINK
17. IDE SLOT
1. 4 pin CPU Fan.
• pin-out connectors - are usually used
by CPU fans with higher power
consumption.
2. 12v 4 pin
CPU Power
Connector

• This device senses the

CPU voltage
requirements (usually
via sense pins on the
processor) and
calibrates itself to
provide the proper
voltage to run the CPU.
3. 24 pin ATX
Power Connector

• Originally the motherboard was

powered by one 20-pin connector.
Current version of ATX12V 2.x
power supply provides two
connectors for the motherboard: a
4-pin auxiliary connector providing
additional power to the CPU, and a
main 24-pin ATX 2 power supply
connector, an extension of the
original 20-pin version.
4. FRONT PANEL
CONNECTORS
• is where the connectors of hard disk drive
activity lights, case speaker, reset button,
power on/off button, computer power on
light, and key lock, are connected to make
them function smoothly.
TYPES OF SYSTEM PANEL CABLES
• HDD LED (IDE LED) – The LED activity light for the
hard disk drive. This is the LED that flashes as
information is being written and read from the
hard drive.
• POWER LED (PLED) – The LED power light, which
indicates when the computer is on, off, or in
standby.
• POWER SW (PWRSW) – controls the power
button that allows you to turn on and off the
computer.
• RESET SW – handles the reset button to restart
the computer.
5. BIOS
• Short for Basic
Input/Output System, the
BIOS, ROM BIOS, or System
BIOS is a chip located on all
motherboards that contain
instructions and setup for
how your system should
boot and how it operates.
6. CMOS
BATTERY
CMOS BATTERY to keep
the clock chip running
even when power is of.
7. INDUCTOR

• Short for
electromagnetic coil, a
coil is conductor wire
such as copper in a
cylindrical form around
an iron core that
creates an inductor or
electromagnet to store
magnetic energy.
8. NORTH
BRIDGE
• The Northbridge is a chip inside
a computer that connects the
central processing unit (CPU) to
other primary components in
the system. These components
include RAM (a.k.a. system
memory), the Front Side Bus
(FSB), PCI Express cards, and the
AGP card.
9. SOUTH
BRIDGE
• A Southbridge chipset
handles all of a
computer's I/O
functions, such as USB,
audio, serial, the
system BIOS, the ISA
bus, the interrupt
controller and the IDE
channels.
10. SUPER
I/O Controller
• Super I/O is a class of I/O controller integrated
circuits that began to be used on personal
computer motherboards in the late 1980s,
originally as add-in cards, later embedded on
the motherboards. A super I/O chip combines
interfaces for a variety of low-bandwidth
devices. The functions provided usually
include: A floppy disk controller, a parallel
port (commonly used for printers), one or
more serial ports, a PS/2 keyboard and mouse
interface and temperature sensor and fan
speed monitoring
11. SCREW
HOLE
• A hole through which to
bolt.
12. INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT

• An integrated circuit or
monolithic integrated
circuit (also referred to as
an IC, a chip, or a
microchip) is a set of
electronic circuits on one
small plate ("chip") of
semiconductor material,
normally silicon.
13. JUMPERS
• In electronics and
particularly computing, a
jumper is a short length of
conductor used to close a
break in, or bypass part of,
an electrical circuit. Jumpers
are typically used to set up
or configure printed circuit
boards, such as the
motherboards of computers
14. FWH
IN PLCC
• FWH IN PLCC Short for Plastic Leadless Chip
Carrier, PLCC is a cheaper version of the
Leadless chip carrier socket. Although similar,
PLCC and LCC are not compatible with one
another. In the picture to the right, is an
example of a FWH chip in a PLCC
15. CAPACITOR

• CAPACITOR is used to
store energy in an
electric field.
16. USB
HEADER
• A USB header is a group of
pins, typically on a
computer motherboard or
expansion card, to which an
internal USB cable can be
attached to provide extra
USB ports. Typically, one
header is a group of two
USB ports.
17. IDE
SLOT
• Integrated Drive
Electronics (or PATA) is
a drive controller on
your motherboard that
supports both Hard
drives and CD- ROM
and DVD-ROM devices
(and all their different
varieties).
18.MEMORY
SLOT
• A memory slot, memory
socket, or RAM slot is
what allows computer
memory (RAM) to be
inserted into the
computer
19. PCI
SLOT
• Provides a medium to
expand the capabilities of
the PC, by adding like
modems cards, audio cards,
Ethernet cards.
20.Ethernet
Card Sound
Card Modem
Card
also known as a Network Interface Card, NIC, Network Adapter, or
Ethernet card, is used to connect a computer to a high-speed network. If
your homebuilt computer will be on a local network or if you connect to
the Internet using DSL, cable, fiber, or satellite Internet service, then will
need to install a NIC if one isn't built into the mobo.
21. AGP • AGP slot is one of the types of video card available. AGP
cards are automatically detected as in-built video cards when

SLOT connected to AGP slot of system. They provide better

resolution than onboard/integrated video.
22. PCI
EXPRESS
• PCIe 1x is the
replacement for lower
bandwidth devices.
23.CPU
• CPU also referred to as a
central processing unit, is
the hardware within a
computer that carries out
the instructions of a
computer program by
performing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations
of the system.
24. CPU • or CPU slot is a mechanical component(s) that provides mechanical

SOCKET
and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed
circuit board (PCB).
25. CPU • is attached together with a heat sink on the mother board,

FAN
CPU fan is used to prevent overheating of the processor on
the motherboard.
26. HEAT SINK
• is a passive heat exchanger
component that cools a device by
dissipating heat into the
surrounding air. It is used to cool
central processing units or
graphic processors.