Insect Reproductive System Name: Randy B. Orua Year & Section: BSA 3 Crop Science
1. Provide the information needed in the table below.
Species Mode of reproduction* Description** Reference Can alternate between sexual and Gallot, A., Shigenobu, S., asexual reproduction. Hashiyama, T. et al. Sexual and Asexual Oogenesis Require the Females can Expression of Unique and reproduce Shared Sets of Genes in the parthenogenetic Insect Acyrthosiphon pisum. viviparously or BMC oviparously in Genomics 13, 76 (2012). Both sexual and response to seasonal htps://doi.org/10.1186/1471- 1. Acyrthosiphon pisum asexual photoperiodism 216413-76 2. Trichogramma spp Asexual Trichogramma BIOLOGY OF species are TRICHOGRAMMA arrhenotokous, BREVICAPILLUM meaning that GA Pak, ER Oatman unfertilized eggs will Entomologia experimentalis et develop into males applicata 32 (1), 61-67, 1982 and fertilized eggs will develop into females 3. Trathala sp Asexual Unmated females Aspects of reproductive biology produced female of Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cam.): progeny only. Mating a parasitoid of Leucinodes reduced the orbonalis (Guen.). preoviposition period WRM Sandanayake, JP and lifespan and Edirisinghe increased the Entomon 17 (3-4), 159-168, average fecundity. 1993 4. Micromalthus debilis LeConte Asexual Reproduction is The life cycle of Micromalthus typically by debilisLeConte (1878) thelytokous, (Coleoptera: Archostemata: viviparous, larviform Micromalthidae): historical females, but there is review and evolutionary also a rare perspective arrhenotokous phase. DA Pollock, BB Normark (1) a thelytokous Journal of Zoological female that produces Systematics and Evolutionary triungulins via Research 40 (2), 105-112, 2002 viviparity; (2) an arrhenotokous female that produces a single egg that develops into the short‐legged (curculionoid) larva, eventually devouring its mother and becoming a haploid adult male; or (3) an amphitokous female that can follow either of the two above reproductive pathways. 5. Locusta migratoria Linn Sexual The reproductive Influence of Male Presence on process in migratory Reproductive Parameters of locusts begins with Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: courtship behavior, Acrididae) Females where males attract Dao-Hong Zhu, Qin Zhao, Seiji females through Tanaka various visual and Annals of the Entomological acoustic signals. Society of America 106 (1), 66- 71, 2013 6.Reticulitermes speratus Kollar Asexual and sexual A colony have a Parthenogenetic reproduction queen responsible for in neotenics of the subterranean reproduction. There termite Reticulitermes speratus are males in the (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colony to provide Yoshinobu Hayashi, Osamu sperm to the queen to Kitade, Jun‐ichi KOJIMA reproduce soldiers, Entomological Science 6 (4), workers or future king 253-257, 2003 or queen. However in can also reproduce asexually, neotenics (ergatoids and nymphoids) can reproduce parthenogenetically. The larvae hatched from the eggs produced partheno‐ genetically by the neotenics were all female and did not have any aberrant external morphology
*Mode of reproduction – sexual, asexual, paedogenesis, etc
**Description – explain briefly what type of sexual reproducon (oviparity, viviparity, oviparity) / Type of asexual reproducon (Theletoky, Arrhenotoky,etc)
2. What triggers asexual reproduction in aphids? Include your references.
Answer: In aphids, cyclical parthenogenesis is the ancestral reproductive mode and alternation of sexuality and asexuality is triggered primarily by photoperiod changes. (Dedryver, CA., Le Gallic, JF., Mahéo, F. et al. The genetics of obligate parthenogenesis in an aphid species and its consequences for the maintenance of alternative reproductive modes. Heredity 110, 39–45 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2012.57) 3. Give one example of insecticide targeting the reproductive system of the insects. Explain the effects and mechanism by which it affects the reproductive system of insects. Include your references. Answer: Fenoxycarb, it mimic the action of juvenile hormone and keep the insect in the immature state. Insects treated with these chemicals are unable to molt successfully to the adult stage and cannot reproduce normally. (Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides Poorni Iyer, Susan Makris, in Hayes’ Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition), 2010)